EP1157399B1 - Power switch - Google Patents
Power switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1157399B1 EP1157399B1 EP00987362A EP00987362A EP1157399B1 EP 1157399 B1 EP1157399 B1 EP 1157399B1 EP 00987362 A EP00987362 A EP 00987362A EP 00987362 A EP00987362 A EP 00987362A EP 1157399 B1 EP1157399 B1 EP 1157399B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- actuation means
- piezoelectric element
- spring
- actuator
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/127—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive trip units
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power switch for low voltages, i.e., for a voltage range up to approximately 1 kV, having improved performance.
- electromagnetic relays of the magnetic-release type are used in low-voltage power switches in order to disengage the main contacts of the switch, for example during a short-circuit or an overvoltage.
- Said relays are constituted by one or more permanent magnets which retain a disengagement pin and by a solenoid which produces, when necessary, the demagnetization and therefore the release of the pin.
- electromagnetic relays of the magnetic-release type have the drawback that they are highly sensitive to magnetic fields, for example the fields induced by the short-circuit current that must be interrupted by opening the main contacts of the switch.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch which has a contact opening actuator which is fully insensitive to magnetic fields and is highly reliable.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch which has a contact opening actuator which is constituted by a much smaller number of components than known actuators.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch with contact opening actuator which requires less triggering energy for contact opening, making it also applicable in the field of low energies, and is therefore more sensitive and ultimately safer than known types of actuator.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch with contact opening actuator in which the electromagnetic relays used in known types of actuator are eliminated.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch with contact opening actuator which is highly reliable, relatively simple to manufacture and at competitive costs.
- the low-voltage power switch comprises a moving contact and a fixed contact (both not shown) which can be mutually coupled/separated, an opening/closing kinematic mechanism (also not shown) which is operatively connected to the moving contact, and an actuator, generally designated by the reference numeral 1, which in a first embodiment comprises actuation means 2 which are suitable to act on the kinematic mechanism; the embodiment of the kinematic mechanism, as well as its functioning are well known in the art and therefore not illustrated herein.
- the actuation means 2 conveniently comprise pre-loading means, for example a spring 200 which, in operating conditions, is kept pre-loaded as described in detail hereinafter.
- the actuation means 2 comprise at least one dimorphic piezoelectric element 3 which is conveniently arranged so as to act as a triggering means for the actuation means 2.
- the piezoelectric element 3 acts on the spring 200 to disengage it and thus make it act on the kinematic mechanism of the switch in order to separate the moving contact from the corresponding fixed contact.
- the piezoelectric element 3 is rigidly coupled at one end to a supporting element 11, for example the case of the switch, and acts indirectly on the spring 200.
- first lever means 4 which are conveniently inserted in the spring 200 and are provided, in an upward region, with an engagement tooth 5 which is suitable to allow the engagement of the first lever means 4 in correspondence to a turn of the spring 200; in particular, as shown in figures 1-3 , the engagement tooth 5 of the first lever means 4 acts on a circular element 15 which is arranged on the upper turn of the spring 200. Alternatively, the tooth 5 could be directly engaged with a turn of the spring 200.
- the first lever means 4 are conveniently connected to second lever means 6 which are directly actuated by the piezoelectric element 3 and are suitable to act on second actuation means 7 which are conveniently constituted by a second spring whose disengagement, performed by the second lever means 6, determines the actuation of the first lever means 4 and accordingly determines the disengagement of the spring 200.
- the first spring 200 is pre-loaded and is kept in this condition by the engagement tooth 5 of the first lever means 4.
- the second spring 7 also is pre-loaded and is kept pre-loaded by an engagement tooth 9 which is rigidly coupled to the spring 7 and is engaged by the second lever means 6, which in turn abut against the dimorphic piezoelectric element 3.
- An electric actuation signal sent for example by the control electronics of the piezoelectric element, induces a deformation of the dimorphic piezoelectric element 3, in particular, thanks to the dimorphic configuration, its flexing.
- Said flexing causes the piezoelectric element 3 to apply a force against the second lever means 6, which are pivoted at a pivot 10 on the supporting element 11 which is suitable to support the actuation means 2; in this way, the second lever means 6 rotate so as to disengage their tooth 12 from the engagement element 9 that is rigidly coupled to the second spring 7, and the pre-loading of the spring in this case is no longer maintained.
- the release energy of the spring 7 causes said spring to impact against the first lever means 4, the engagement tooth 5 of said lever means disengaging from the spring 200, thus freeing said spring.
- the disengagement of the spring 200 acts on the kinematic mechanism of the switch in order to open its electric contacts.
- the dimorphic piezoelectric element 3 acts indirectly on the first spring 200 by virtue of first and second lever means and by virtue of a second spring.
- the action of the piezoelectric element for releasing the spring 200 is performed directly as it acts directly on the spring to be released.
- the actuator generally designated by the reference numeral 100, comprises a spring 200 which is kept pre-loaded by one or more dimorphic piezoelectric elements 3 which are arranged inside or outside the spring 200, are rigidly fixed to the supporting element 11, and are each provided, in an upward region, with a tooth 25 which allows to keep the spring 200 pre-loaded by engagement with notches formed in the upper circular element 15 which lies opposite the supporting element 11; in particular, in the embodiment shown in figure 4 , the dimorphic piezoelectric elements are arranged substantially inside the actuation means 2, with their axis parallel thereto.
- the spring 200 in operating conditions the spring 200 is pre-loaded and kept in this condition by the dimorphic piezoelectric elements 3 and in particular by the engagement teeth 25 of said piezoelectric elements.
- an electric disengagement signal is sent to the piezoelectric elements 3, for example by a control electronics, the elements 3 deform, in particular they flex, thus causing the disengagement of the engagement teeth 25 from the notches formed in the element 15.
- each one of the piezoelectric 3 is connected, at its upper end which lies opposite the end rigidly coupled to the supporting element 11, to lever means 110 which are conveniently provided, in an upward region, with an engagement tooth, again designated by the reference numeral 25, which allows engagement with the element 15 arranged above the spring 2.
- Figures 5 and 6 show four piezoelectric elements 3 which are arranged substantially along the axis of the spring 200; in this case, the piezoelectric elements 3 have their upper part positioned in correspondence of recesses formed in a cross-shaped part 20 which allows the passage of third lever elements 110 which rest against the respective piezoelectric elements 3.
- lever means 110 rotate about the pivots 21, which are suitable to abut against the lateral surface of the recesses 22 of the cross-shaped part 20.
- the number of piezoelectric elements 3 depends on the rigidity of the springs and on the materials used. This applies to both of the above described embodiments.
- the switch according to the invention allows complete insensitivity to magnetic fields, by virtue of the absence of electromagnetic relays as actuators. Furthermore, the number of components required to provide the actuator is reduced considerably, leading to higher reliability of the switch.
- Another advantage of the switch according to the invention is that the piezoelectric elements 3 require less triggering energy than an electromagnetic relay, and this considerably broadens the range of application.
- piezoelectric elements for example piezoceramic ones
- windings of electromagnetic relays entails a reduction in the manufacturing costs of the switch.
- the low-voltage power switch according to the invention fully achieves the intended aim and objects, since it comprises an actuator which allows to perform disengagement of the contacts of a switch by acting both directly on the disengagement spring and indirectly by interposing suitable lever means.
- the low-voltage power switch thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept; all the details may furthermore be replaced with other technically equivalent elements.
- the materials used may be any according to the requirements and the state of the art.
Landscapes
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a power switch for low voltages, i.e., for a voltage range up to approximately 1 kV, having improved performance.
- It is known that electromagnetic relays of the magnetic-release type are used in low-voltage power switches in order to disengage the main contacts of the switch, for example during a short-circuit or an overvoltage. Said relays are constituted by one or more permanent magnets which retain a disengagement pin and by a solenoid which produces, when necessary, the demagnetization and therefore the release of the pin. However, electromagnetic relays of the magnetic-release type have the drawback that they are highly sensitive to magnetic fields, for example the fields induced by the short-circuit current that must be interrupted by opening the main contacts of the switch.
- Another instance is when the short-circuit triggers the disengagement of the relay of a second switch which is adjacent to the first one and should not be disengaged in this situation.
- In both cases, the disengagement of the relay can nonetheless be conditioned, and this leads to the need to shield said fields, making it complicated and expensive to manufacture the switch, especially in the case of a relatively large switch. The number of components of a disengagement actuator inside a switch can therefore be very large.
- Another examples of known disengagement actuators are described in the patent application
WO 98/40917 - The aim of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch which has a contact opening actuator which is fully insensitive to magnetic fields and is highly reliable.
- Within the scope of this aim, an object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch which has a contact opening actuator which is constituted by a much smaller number of components than known actuators. Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch with contact opening actuator which requires less triggering energy for contact opening, making it also applicable in the field of low energies, and is therefore more sensitive and ultimately safer than known types of actuator.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch with contact opening actuator in which the electromagnetic relays used in known types of actuator are eliminated.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power switch with contact opening actuator which is highly reliable, relatively simple to manufacture and at competitive costs.
- This aim, these objects and others which will become apparent hereinafter are achieved by a low-voltage power switch according to the following claim 1.
- Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of preferred but not exclusive embodiments of the switch according to the present invention, illustrated only by way of non-limitative example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the actuator used in a switch; -
Figure 2 is another perspective view of the actuator used in the switch shown inFigure 1 ; -
Figure 3 is a third perspective view of the actuator used in the switch shown inFigures 1 and 2 ; -
Figure 4 is a perspective view of an actuator used in a switch; -
Figure 5 is a view of an embodiment of the actuator used in the switch according to the invention; and -
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a detail of the actuator ofFigure 5 . - With reference to the above figures, and initially to
Figures 1 to 3 , the low-voltage power switch comprises a moving contact and a fixed contact (both not shown) which can be mutually coupled/separated, an opening/closing kinematic mechanism (also not shown) which is operatively connected to the moving contact, and an actuator, generally designated by the reference numeral 1, which in a first embodiment comprises actuation means 2 which are suitable to act on the kinematic mechanism; the embodiment of the kinematic mechanism, as well as its functioning are well known in the art and therefore not illustrated herein. The actuation means 2 conveniently comprise pre-loading means, for example aspring 200 which, in operating conditions, is kept pre-loaded as described in detail hereinafter. - The actuation means 2 comprise at least one dimorphic
piezoelectric element 3 which is conveniently arranged so as to act as a triggering means for the actuation means 2. In particular, thepiezoelectric element 3 acts on thespring 200 to disengage it and thus make it act on the kinematic mechanism of the switch in order to separate the moving contact from the corresponding fixed contact. - In the first illustrated embodiment, the
piezoelectric element 3 is rigidly coupled at one end to a supportingelement 11, for example the case of the switch, and acts indirectly on thespring 200. - The indirect connection between the
piezoelectric element 3 and thespring 200 is provided by virtue of first lever means 4 which are conveniently inserted in thespring 200 and are provided, in an upward region, with anengagement tooth 5 which is suitable to allow the engagement of the first lever means 4 in correspondence to a turn of thespring 200; in particular, as shown infigures 1-3 , theengagement tooth 5 of the first lever means 4 acts on acircular element 15 which is arranged on the upper turn of thespring 200. Alternatively, thetooth 5 could be directly engaged with a turn of thespring 200. - The first lever means 4 are conveniently connected to second lever means 6 which are directly actuated by the
piezoelectric element 3 and are suitable to act on second actuation means 7 which are conveniently constituted by a second spring whose disengagement, performed by the second lever means 6, determines the actuation of the first lever means 4 and accordingly determines the disengagement of thespring 200. - In detail, with reference to
Figures 1 to 3 , the operation of the first embodiment of the actuator according to the invention is as follows. - In operating conditions, the
first spring 200 is pre-loaded and is kept in this condition by theengagement tooth 5 of the first lever means 4. In this condition, thesecond spring 7 also is pre-loaded and is kept pre-loaded by anengagement tooth 9 which is rigidly coupled to thespring 7 and is engaged by the second lever means 6, which in turn abut against the dimorphicpiezoelectric element 3. An electric actuation signal, sent for example by the control electronics of the piezoelectric element, induces a deformation of the dimorphicpiezoelectric element 3, in particular, thanks to the dimorphic configuration, its flexing. Said flexing causes thepiezoelectric element 3 to apply a force against the second lever means 6, which are pivoted at a pivot 10 on the supportingelement 11 which is suitable to support the actuation means 2; in this way, the second lever means 6 rotate so as to disengage theirtooth 12 from theengagement element 9 that is rigidly coupled to thesecond spring 7, and the pre-loading of the spring in this case is no longer maintained. The release energy of thespring 7 causes said spring to impact against the first lever means 4, theengagement tooth 5 of said lever means disengaging from thespring 200, thus freeing said spring. The disengagement of thespring 200 acts on the kinematic mechanism of the switch in order to open its electric contacts. - Therefore, in this first embodiment the dimorphic
piezoelectric element 3 acts indirectly on thefirst spring 200 by virtue of first and second lever means and by virtue of a second spring. - An actuator is shown in
Figure 4 . - In
Figures 4 to 6 , reference numerals identical to those used inFigures 1 to 3 respectively designate identical or technically equivalent elements. - In this embodiment, the action of the piezoelectric element for releasing the
spring 200 is performed directly as it acts directly on the spring to be released. - In fact, with reference to
Figure 4 , the actuator, generally designated by thereference numeral 100, comprises aspring 200 which is kept pre-loaded by one or more dimorphicpiezoelectric elements 3 which are arranged inside or outside thespring 200, are rigidly fixed to the supportingelement 11, and are each provided, in an upward region, with atooth 25 which allows to keep thespring 200 pre-loaded by engagement with notches formed in the uppercircular element 15 which lies opposite the supportingelement 11; in particular, in the embodiment shown infigure 4 , the dimorphic piezoelectric elements are arranged substantially inside the actuation means 2, with their axis parallel thereto. - In this actuator, therefore, in operating conditions the
spring 200 is pre-loaded and kept in this condition by the dimorphicpiezoelectric elements 3 and in particular by theengagement teeth 25 of said piezoelectric elements. When an electric disengagement signal is sent to thepiezoelectric elements 3, for example by a control electronics, theelements 3 deform, in particular they flex, thus causing the disengagement of theengagement teeth 25 from the notches formed in theelement 15. - In an embodiment of the actuator used in the switch according to the invention, shown in
Figures 5 and 6 , each one of thepiezoelectric 3 is connected, at its upper end which lies opposite the end rigidly coupled to the supportingelement 11, to lever means 110 which are conveniently provided, in an upward region, with an engagement tooth, again designated by thereference numeral 25, which allows engagement with theelement 15 arranged above thespring 2. -
Figures 5 and 6 show fourpiezoelectric elements 3 which are arranged substantially along the axis of thespring 200; in this case, thepiezoelectric elements 3 have their upper part positioned in correspondence of recesses formed in a cross-shaped part 20 which allows the passage ofthird lever elements 110 which rest against the respectivepiezoelectric elements 3. - In detail, the lever means 110 rotate about the
pivots 21, which are suitable to abut against the lateral surface of the recesses 22 of the cross-shaped part 20. - In this case, during the flexing of the
piezoelectric elements 3, said elements act on the lever means 110, which in turn release thespring 200. This solution, by acting on the lengths of the lever means 110, allows to extract from thepiezoelectric element 3 more force or a larger movement if it is necessary to increase one of these two parameters with respect to the other. - In general, the number of
piezoelectric elements 3 depends on the rigidity of the springs and on the materials used. This applies to both of the above described embodiments. - In practice, the switch according to the invention allows complete insensitivity to magnetic fields, by virtue of the absence of electromagnetic relays as actuators. Furthermore, the number of components required to provide the actuator is reduced considerably, leading to higher reliability of the switch.
- Another advantage of the switch according to the invention is that the
piezoelectric elements 3 require less triggering energy than an electromagnetic relay, and this considerably broadens the range of application. - The use of piezoelectric elements, for example piezoceramic ones, instead of the expensive windings of electromagnetic relays entails a reduction in the manufacturing costs of the switch.
- In practice it has been found that the low-voltage power switch according to the invention fully achieves the intended aim and objects, since it comprises an actuator which allows to perform disengagement of the contacts of a switch by acting both directly on the disengagement spring and indirectly by interposing suitable lever means.
- The low-voltage power switch thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept; all the details may furthermore be replaced with other technically equivalent elements.
- In practice, the materials used, so long as they are compatible with the specific use, as well as the dimensions, may be any according to the requirements and the state of the art.
Claims (4)
- A low-voltage power switch, comprising:- a moving contact and a fixed contact which can be mutually coupled/separated;- an actuator (1) for opening said contacts, comprising:- actuation means which are suitable to act on an opening/closing kinematic mechanism which is operatively connected to said moving contact, said actuation means comprising means for pre-loading, said actuation means comprising at least one dimorphic piezoelectric element (3) whose deformation is suitable to allow the release of said actuation means said means for pre-loading being a coil spring (200), characterized in that, said at least one piezoelectric element (3) is rigidly fixed to a supporting element (11) which is suitable to support said actuation means (2), said at least one piezoelectric element (3) is operatively connected to lever means (4) which are in turn suitable to keep said actuation means (2) pre-loaded, and in that said at least one piezoelectric element (3) is arranged substantially inside said coil spring (200), with its axis parallel thereto.
- The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one piezoelectric element (3) to which said lever means (4) is connected has its upper part positioned in correspondence of recesses formed in a cross shaped part which is arranged proximate to the upper end of said actuation means, said lever means rotating about pivots which are suitable to abut against the lateral surfaces of said recesses of said cross-shaped part.
- The switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said at least one piezoelectric element (3) is of the lamina-shaped type.
- The switch according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said actuator (1) comprises a plurality of dimorphic piezoelectric elements (3), the number of said piezoelectric elements (3) depending on the rigidity of said actuation means.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT1999MI002760A IT1314357B1 (en) | 1999-12-31 | 1999-12-31 | LOW VOLTAGE POWER SWITCH WITH IMPROVED FUNCTIONALITY |
ITMI992760 | 1999-12-31 | ||
PCT/EP2000/012291 WO2001050490A1 (en) | 1999-12-31 | 2000-12-01 | Power switch |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1157399A1 EP1157399A1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
EP1157399B1 true EP1157399B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
Family
ID=11384238
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00987362A Expired - Lifetime EP1157399B1 (en) | 1999-12-31 | 2000-12-01 | Power switch |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1157399B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE506685T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2363101A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60045863D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2363802T3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1314357B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001050490A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1171935B1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2003-06-11 | PBT (IP) Limited | Active material low power electrical switching mechanism and drive circuit therefor |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0412401A3 (en) * | 1989-08-10 | 1992-01-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High-speed circuit breaker |
CN1055176C (en) * | 1994-07-04 | 2000-08-02 | 电力断路器公开有限公司 | Electrically controlled tripping mechanism |
GB9704769D0 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1997-04-23 | Powerbreaker Plc | Low component count release mechanism |
GB9811399D0 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 1998-07-22 | Pbt Limited | Piezo electric arrangements |
-
1999
- 1999-12-31 IT IT1999MI002760A patent/IT1314357B1/en active
-
2000
- 2000-12-01 AU AU23631/01A patent/AU2363101A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-01 ES ES00987362T patent/ES2363802T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-01 AT AT00987362T patent/ATE506685T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-01 DE DE60045863T patent/DE60045863D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-01 WO PCT/EP2000/012291 patent/WO2001050490A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-12-01 EP EP00987362A patent/EP1157399B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1171935B1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2003-06-11 | PBT (IP) Limited | Active material low power electrical switching mechanism and drive circuit therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1314357B1 (en) | 2002-12-09 |
WO2001050490A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
ITMI992760A0 (en) | 1999-12-31 |
ITMI992760A1 (en) | 2001-07-02 |
ATE506685T1 (en) | 2011-05-15 |
DE60045863D1 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
EP1157399A1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
ES2363802T3 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
AU2363101A (en) | 2001-07-16 |
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