EP0967746A2 - Diversity radio receiver system with two tuners and a Radio Data System (RDS) decoder - Google Patents
Diversity radio receiver system with two tuners and a Radio Data System (RDS) decoder Download PDFInfo
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- EP0967746A2 EP0967746A2 EP99304263A EP99304263A EP0967746A2 EP 0967746 A2 EP0967746 A2 EP 0967746A2 EP 99304263 A EP99304263 A EP 99304263A EP 99304263 A EP99304263 A EP 99304263A EP 0967746 A2 EP0967746 A2 EP 0967746A2
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- Prior art keywords
- signal
- tuner output
- tuner
- diversity mode
- output signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/20—Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information via plural systems
- H04H20/22—Arrangements for broadcast of identical information via plural broadcast systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
- H04B7/0871—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using different reception schemes, at least one of them being a diversity reception scheme
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
- H04B7/0825—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with main and with auxiliary or diversity antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
- H04H2201/10—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the type of broadcast system
- H04H2201/13—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the type of broadcast system radio data system/radio broadcast data system [RDS/RBDS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
- H04H2201/60—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised in that the receiver comprises more than one tuner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H40/00—Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
- H04H40/18—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving
- H04H40/27—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95
- H04H40/36—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95 specially adapted for stereophonic broadcast receiving
- H04H40/45—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95 specially adapted for stereophonic broadcast receiving for FM stereophonic broadcast systems receiving
- H04H40/72—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95 specially adapted for stereophonic broadcast receiving for FM stereophonic broadcast systems receiving for noise suppression
Definitions
- the present invention relates in general to RDS radios having dual tuners, and more specifically to a dual mode radio for operating in both a diversity and a non-diversity mode to minimise the effects of multipath distortion while maintaining efficient collection of RDS related information, including collecting signal quality data for RDS alternate frequencies.
- Multipath distortion is a localised effect resulting from interaction between multiple signals from a single transmitter that have traversed different paths to reach a receiving antenna.
- tuners may be connected to each antenna and that the tuner output signals can be combined to provide improved diversity reception.
- RDS radio data system
- Standard RDS broadcasts transmit auxiliary digital data within the radio signal in order to achieve various automatic functions of the receiver.
- the data transmitted on a sub-carrier includes alternate frequencies (AFs) at which the identical audio program can be heard.
- AFs alternate frequencies
- the receiver can automatically monitor AFs to determine whether a stronger or higher quality signal can be received by switching the tuner to a different frequency (e.g., as a vehicle moves relative to the broadcast transmitters).
- AFs can only be checked by briefly switching the tuner to an AF to detect its signal strength and then quickly returning to the original frequency before any detectable break is heard in the reproduction of the original broadcast.
- the second tuner is dedicated to collecting information about AFs (i.e., is not used for audio reproduction) and can monitor any alternate frequencies for as long as desired.
- the tuner which is reproducing audio signals can be switched to the strongest AF whenever the currently received signal becomes degraded.
- the response time required to detect signal degradation (such as a multipath event) and then to switch to an AF is too slow to prevent distortion from being heard.
- a dual tuner RDS radio system is needed which obtains RDS data gathering while providing improved immunity to multipath distortion.
- the present invention provides a radio architecture and method of operation wherein maximum RDS operational flexibility is achieved in order to optimise RDS performance while obtaining immunity to multipath distortion using diversity reception.
- a radio receiver for a mobile vehicle which is capable of receiving sub-carrier data from broadcasts containing such data operates in either a diversity mode or a non-diversity mode.
- a first tuner produces a first tuner output signal in response to a broadcast signal at a first selected broadcast frequency.
- a second tuner produces a second tuner output signal in response to a broadcast signal at a second selected broadcast frequency.
- a signal mixer produces a mixed tuner output signal in response to the first and second tuner output signals.
- the signal mixer proportionally combines the tuner output signals when in the diversity mode according to relative measures of signal quality.
- the signal mixer isolates a selected one of the tuner output signals from the mixed tuner output when in the non-diversity mode.
- a data demodulator is responsive to either the first tuner output signal, the second tuner output signal, or the mixed tuner output signal to recover the sub-carrier data.
- a control is coupled to the first and second tuners, the signal mixer, and the data demodulator and selects the diversity mode or the non-diversity mode in response to the signal quality. The control controls the first and second selected broadcast frequencies such that 1) the first and second selected broadcast frequencies each provide a user selected program when in the diversity mode, or 2) the selected one of the first and second tuner signals is searched for alternate frequency information and the other one of the first and second tuner output signals provides the user selected program when in the non-diversity mode.
- the RDS radio receiver shown in Figure 1 operates in a diversity mode or in a non-diversity mode.
- diversity mode a pair of tuners are each tuned to the same user program (i.e., tuned to the same frequency) and their outputs are combined according to their signal strengths and the detection of multipath in order to minimise the effects of multipath distortion.
- non-diversity mode an audio output is reproduced from one tuner while the other tuner is used for scanning alternate frequencies to detect their signal quality and other data.
- the RDS diversity radio receiver includes a first tuner 10 with an antenna input 11 and a second tuner 12 with an antenna input 13.
- Antenna inputs 11 and 13 are preferably connected to spaced antennas 14 and 15 which are separated by a distance sufficient to avoid simultaneous multipath conditions at each antenna.
- Tuners 10 and 12 are controlled by a microcontroller 16 via a control bus 19.
- Tuner 10 generates an FM multiplex tuner output signal designated FM MPX 1, a signal strength signal SS1, and a noise detection signal ND1.
- Tuner 12 generates a tuner output signal FM MPX 2, signal strength signal SS2, and noise detection signal ND2.
- Signals SS1, ND1, SS2, and ND2 are all connected to a mix control circuit 17, microcontroller 16, and a switching and conditioning circuit 18.
- the FM MPX 1 signal from tuner 10 is provided through a voltage-controlled amplifier 20 to one input of a summer 21.
- the FM MPX 2 signal from tuner 12 is provided through a voltage-controlled amplifier 22 to a second input of summer 21.
- Mix control circuit 17 provides a pair of gain control signals G 1 and G 2 through a forcing circuit 23 to amplifiers 20 and 22, respectively.
- Forcing circuit 23 receives a control signal from microcontroller 16 vis control bus 19 to select between the diversity and non-diversity modes as will described below.
- the output of summer 21 provides an FM MPX MIX signal to a stereo decoder 24 and to a switching circuit 25.
- the output from stereo decoder 24 provides left and right decoded stereo signals for reproduction.
- Switching circuit 25 also receives as inputs the multiplex signals FM MPX 1 and FM MPX 2 from tuners 10 and 12.
- Switching circuit 25 receives a control signal from control bus 19 which selects between the FM MPX 1, FM MPX 2 and FM MPX MIX signals for input to an RDS demodulator 26.
- RDS data recovered by demodulator 26 is provided to microcontroller 16.
- Tuner output signals FM MPX 1 and FM MPX 2 are also provided to an audio correlator 27 which determines whether the audio content is identical on the two tuner output signals. Based on a comparison of the two signals, correlator 27 provides an indicating signal to microcontroller 16 to identify whether the audio content is the same.
- the radio receiver of Figure 1 operates in either a diversity mode or a non-diversity mode under control of microcontroller 16.
- tuners 10 and 12 are preferably tuned to the same frequency to receive the same user selected program from both antennas 14 and 15 so that the received signals can be combined in a manner which avoids multipath distortion.
- mix control circuit 17 is responsive to multipath conditions to provide gain control signals G 1 and G 2 to mix the relative contribution of the tuner output signals to the final mixed tuner output signal so that the proportion of each individual output signal in the mixed signal is inversely proportional to the likelihood of multipath in that signal.
- tuners 10 and 12 each generate a respective signal strength (SS) signal and a respective noise detection (ND) signal.
- the noise detection signal may be derived, for example, by bandpass filtering the demodulated tuner output signal with a bandpass from about 100 kHz to about 500 kHz (which measures noise and distortion from multipath and other noise sources).
- Gain control signal G 1 as supplied to amplifier 20 tends to increase with increased signal strength SS1 in tuner 10 and tends to decrease with increasing noise content ND1.
- gain control signal G 2 increases with increasing signal strength SS2 from tuner 12 and decreases with increasing noise content ND2.
- forcing circuit 23 directly passes gain control signals G 1 and G 2 from mix control circuit 17 to amplifiers 20 and 22.
- switching circuit 25 selects the combined output from summer 21 (i.e., the FM MPX MIX signal) for input into RDS modulator 26 to assure the best quality signal for recovering RDS data for the user selected program.
- microcontroller 16 determines that the receiver should be in non-diversity mode
- the elements of Figure 1 are reconfigured so that one selected tuner is used to search for predetermined alternate frequency information in the RDS signal (e.g., determining the quality of each available AF or detecting RDS data at each AF) and the other tuner is used to reproduce the user selected program.
- microcontroller 16 configures forcing circuit 23 in a way which forces one of amplifiers 20 or 22 to have a maximum gain and the other amplifier to have a minimum gain.
- the tuner which is selected as the RDS tuner can then be retuned to any other frequency in order to gather RDS data or signal strength or other information at alternate frequencies without this action affecting the audio quality of the other tuner providing the audio output of the receiver.
- microcontroller 16 configures switching circuit 25 to couple the selected tuner output to RDS demodulator 26.
- the selection of which tuner to use as the RDS alternate frequency tuner can be arbitrary or may be done according to an optimised method such as the one discussed below in connection with Figure 6.
- Switching and conditioning circuit 18 operates in a conventional manner to introduce high-cut and stereo blend in stereo decoder 24 in response to signal strength SS and noise detection ND in tuners 10 and 12. This helps eliminate any residual multipath distortion during diversity mode and improves signal reproduction during any multipath events that occur during non-diversity mode.
- a preferred method for co-ordinating receiver operation between diversity and non-diversity modes is shown in Figure 2.
- the method begins at block 30 when the radio receiver is either turned on or when it is manually retuned to a new frequency by the user.
- step 31 a check is made to determine whether RDS data is present within the currently tuned-in broadcast. If no RDS data is present, then the tuner enters diversity mode in step 40. If the station being listened is not an RDS broadcast, then the receiver can spend full time in diversity mode.
- step 31 If RDS data is present in step 31, then the receiver initially enters non-diversity mode in step 32. While in non-diversity mode, microcontroller 16 gathers RDS data at the selected broadcast frequency including alternate frequencies carrying the same broadcast audio program. Signal quality of the AFs is collected and stored in memory based on signal strength and noise detection at each AF in step 33. After signal quality is gathered for all the AFs, a check is made in step 34 to determine whether the manually selected or current frequency is the best (i.e., strongest) one to receive. If not, then a switch is made to that best AF in step 35.
- step 36 (while still in non-diversity mode), a check is made to determine whether a multipath event is present by examining signal strength and noise detection signals. If a multipath event is detected in step 36, then the receiver enters diversity mode in step 40. If no multipath event is detected, then additional lower priority RDS data may be collected and/or monitored in step 37. In step 38, a check is made to determine whether all possible RDS data has been gathered. If not, then a return is made to step 36. Otherwise, the receiver enters diversity mode in step 40. Thus, under good signal conditions (indicated by the tuner SS and ND signals), the receiver can spend as much time as necessary gathering RDS data.
- the receiver After entering diversity mode in step 40, the receiver checks for worsening reception quality in step 41. At the point where reception quality worsens to an unacceptable level, a return is made to step 31 which allows the receiver to re-enter non-diversity mode if RDS data is present, thereby allowing a search to be conducted for a better signal at an alternate frequency. If reception quality has not worsened in step 41, then a check is made in step 42 to determine whether a predetermined period of time has passed (e.g., several minutes) in which reception quality of alternate frequencies may have changed and the memory of the receiver should be updated. If the predetermined delay has not expired, then a return is made to step 41 and the receiver remains in diversity mode. If the predetermined delay has passed, then a return is made to step 31.
- a predetermined period of time e.g., several minutes
- Figure 3 shows forcing circuit 23 in greater detail.
- a pair of multiplexers 45 and 46 receive gain control signals G 1 and G 2 , respectively, from mix control circuit 17.
- a maximum gain signal G max and a minimum gain control signal G min are provided to additional multiplexer inputs as shown.
- the outputs of multiplexers 45 and 46 provide modified gain control signals G' 1 and G' 2 as determined by control signals from microcontroller 16.
- gain control signals G 1 and G 2 are passed unchanged, or G 1 is forced to maximum gain while G 2 is forced to minimum or no gain, or G 1 is forced to minimum gain while G 2 is forced to maximum gain depending upon the control signals.
- Figure 4 shows one embodiment for detecting multipath in step 36 of Figure 2.
- signal strength SS from the tuner being used to provide the audio reproduction
- a predetermined signal strength threshold is compared with a predetermined signal strength threshold. If instantaneous signal strength falls below this threshold, then a multipath event is detected. Otherwise, a check is made in step 51 to determine whether the noise detection signal indicates an amount of noise present greater than a predetermined noise threshold. If the threshold is exceeded then multipath is present, otherwise there is no multipath event taking place.
- Figure 5 shows one embodiment of a method for detecting worsening reception quality as used in step 41 of Figure 2.
- average signal quality (SQ) for a current time period is compared with average SQ for a previous time period.
- Signal quality as used herein means a determination based upon signal strength SS, noise detection ND, or both. Noise added to a signal may consist of multipath distortion or other noise such as intermodulation or adjacent channel noise.
- signal quality is measured in direct proportion to signal strength ss and in inverse proportion to noise detection ND. Signal quality can be determined by counting how many times signal strength SS and noise detection signal ND cross their respective thresholds during a specified time period.
- step 55 a number of times, x, that SS and/or ND are worse than their respective thresholds during a time block #1 is recorded.
- step 56 a number of times, y, that SS and/or ND are worse than their respective thresholds during a time block #2 is recorded.
- Time blocks #1 and #2 are of equal time (each on the order of at least several seconds) and are consecutive.
- the values of x and y are indicators of signal quality SQ wherein the lower the value of x or y, the higher the signal quality.
- a check is made in step 57 to determine whether the count of threshold crossings has increased by 10 percent (i.e., whether x > 110% of y).
- the signal quality has unacceptably worsened and a search for a new broadcast frequency can be initiated. Otherwise, a determination is made that reception quality has not worsened and is still acceptable. It may also be desirable to compare running averages of SS and ND with their respective thresholds to also detect unacceptable or worsened conditions.
- tuners 10 and 12 have substantially identical electrical characteristics
- antennas 14 and 15 will not have identical electrical properties for a variety of reasons. Aesthetic and styling requirements dictate the kind of antennas used and where they are placed on the vehicle. Commonly used types of antennas include a whip antenna mounted on a vehicle panel or roof, and an on-glass antenna. Since the antennas will most often differ in gain and radiation patterns, the signal strength received by the tuners will vary from each other even when multipath or other noise is not present. Although it may be possible to designate one tuner as a main tuner and the other as a subsidiary tuner, it may not be possible to know in advance which tuner input is likely to be connected to the better antenna.
- a further method is provided for selecting which tuner to use as the RDS tuner and which to use as the audio program reception tuner when entering non-diversity mode as shown in Figure 6.
- a check is made in step 60 to determine whether signal strength signals SS1 and SS1 are each greater than a threshold T 1 . If both are greater than the threshold then a strong signal is detected in step 61 and the RDS tuner is selected as the one with the bigger signal strength signal.
- a weak signal is detected in step 62 and the RDS tuner is selected as the one with the smaller signal strength signal.
- Non-diversity mode is entered in step 63 wherein the selected RDS tuner is scanned tuned while the other tuner is tuned to the desired frequency for the selected program.
- Yet another advanced feature of the present invention relates to making a completely smooth, inaudible transition when switching between alternate frequencies.
- an audible click or transient can often be heard during retuning to the new frequency.
- the forcing circuit can be modified to provide ramping signals for controlling the gain control signals to smoothly transition reproduction from one tuner to the other.
- the receiver needs to verify that the content at each frequency is the same.
- the program information (PI) RDS code may indicate that the two frequencies have the same program audio, there are instances where the program audio may in fact be different.
- audio correlator 27 in Figure 1 is used to verify identical program audio. Audio correlator 27 is a known circuit for indicating whether or not the two multiplex signals have their inputs correlated.
- step 65 a check is made in step 65 to determine whether the audio signals are correlated. If the signals are not correlated, then the transitioning between alternate frequencies is skipped. Otherwise, the receiver enters non-diversity mode in step 66.
- step 67 the selected RDS tuner is retuned to the new frequency. Then, the amplifier gains are ramped in step 68 such that audio reproduction transitions from the other tuner to the selected RDS tuner.
- the other tuner is retuned to the new frequency and the receiver enters diversity mode in step 70.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates in general to RDS radios having dual tuners, and more specifically to a dual mode radio for operating in both a diversity and a non-diversity mode to minimise the effects of multipath distortion while maintaining efficient collection of RDS related information, including collecting signal quality data for RDS alternate frequencies.
- Space diversity radio receiver systems can be employed to reduce the effects of multipath distortion in mobile receivers. Multipath distortion is a localised effect resulting from interaction between multiple signals from a single transmitter that have traversed different paths to reach a receiving antenna. By switching between spaced antennas in a diversity radio receiver, specific multipath events can be avoided since the spacing of the antennas helps insure that not both of the antennas will experience the same multipath event at the same time.
- The prior art has also shown that separate tuners may be connected to each antenna and that the tuner output signals can be combined to provide improved diversity reception.
- Separate tuners have also been employed in radio data system (RDS) receivers. In the case of RDS receivers, however, the tuners simultaneously receive at different frequencies. Standard RDS broadcasts transmit auxiliary digital data within the radio signal in order to achieve various automatic functions of the receiver. The data transmitted on a sub-carrier includes alternate frequencies (AFs) at which the identical audio program can be heard. Thus, the receiver can automatically monitor AFs to determine whether a stronger or higher quality signal can be received by switching the tuner to a different frequency (e.g., as a vehicle moves relative to the broadcast transmitters). In an RDS receiver having just a single tuner, AFs can only be checked by briefly switching the tuner to an AF to detect its signal strength and then quickly returning to the original frequency before any detectable break is heard in the reproduction of the original broadcast. In RDS receivers having a second tuner, the second tuner is dedicated to collecting information about AFs (i.e., is not used for audio reproduction) and can monitor any alternate frequencies for as long as desired.
- Based on the AF information which is collected and stored in memory in the receiver, the tuner which is reproducing audio signals can be switched to the strongest AF whenever the currently received signal becomes degraded. However, the response time required to detect signal degradation (such as a multipath event) and then to switch to an AF is too slow to prevent distortion from being heard. Thus, a dual tuner RDS radio system is needed which obtains RDS data gathering while providing improved immunity to multipath distortion.
- The present invention provides a radio architecture and method of operation wherein maximum RDS operational flexibility is achieved in order to optimise RDS performance while obtaining immunity to multipath distortion using diversity reception.
- In a primary aspect of the invention, a radio receiver for a mobile vehicle which is capable of receiving sub-carrier data from broadcasts containing such data operates in either a diversity mode or a non-diversity mode. A first tuner produces a first tuner output signal in response to a broadcast signal at a first selected broadcast frequency. A second tuner produces a second tuner output signal in response to a broadcast signal at a second selected broadcast frequency. A signal mixer produces a mixed tuner output signal in response to the first and second tuner output signals. The signal mixer proportionally combines the tuner output signals when in the diversity mode according to relative measures of signal quality. The signal mixer isolates a selected one of the tuner output signals from the mixed tuner output when in the non-diversity mode. A data demodulator is responsive to either the first tuner output signal, the second tuner output signal, or the mixed tuner output signal to recover the sub-carrier data. A control is coupled to the first and second tuners, the signal mixer, and the data demodulator and selects the diversity mode or the non-diversity mode in response to the signal quality. The control controls the first and second selected broadcast frequencies such that 1) the first and second selected broadcast frequencies each provide a user selected program when in the diversity mode, or 2) the selected one of the first and second tuner signals is searched for alternate frequency information and the other one of the first and second tuner output signals provides the user selected program when in the non-diversity mode.
- The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the RDS diversity radio receiver of the present invention;
- Figure 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the receiver of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the forcing circuit of Figure 1 in greater detail;
- Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the detection of multipath as performed by the controller of Figure 1;
- Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the detection of worsening reception conditions as performed by the controller of Figure 1;
- Figure 6 is a flowchart showing a method for selecting which of the two tuners to use for scanning RDS alternate frequency signal quality and data; and
- Figure 7 is a flowchart showing a method for switching a reception frequency from a current frequency to a new alternate frequency.
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- The RDS radio receiver shown in Figure 1 operates in a diversity mode or in a non-diversity mode. In diversity mode, a pair of tuners are each tuned to the same user program (i.e., tuned to the same frequency) and their outputs are combined according to their signal strengths and the detection of multipath in order to minimise the effects of multipath distortion. In non-diversity mode, an audio output is reproduced from one tuner while the other tuner is used for scanning alternate frequencies to detect their signal quality and other data.
- More specifically, the RDS diversity radio receiver includes a
first tuner 10 with an antenna input 11 and asecond tuner 12 with anantenna input 13.Antenna inputs 11 and 13 are preferably connected to spacedantennas 14 and 15 which are separated by a distance sufficient to avoid simultaneous multipath conditions at each antenna. -
Tuners microcontroller 16 via acontrol bus 19.Tuner 10 generates an FM multiplex tuner output signal designatedFM MPX 1, a signal strength signal SS1, and a noise detection signal ND1.Tuner 12 generates a tuner outputsignal FM MPX 2, signal strength signal SS2, and noise detection signal ND2. Signals SS1, ND1, SS2, and ND2, are all connected to amix control circuit 17,microcontroller 16, and a switching andconditioning circuit 18. TheFM MPX 1 signal fromtuner 10 is provided through a voltage-controlledamplifier 20 to one input of asummer 21. TheFM MPX 2 signal fromtuner 12 is provided through a voltage-controlledamplifier 22 to a second input ofsummer 21. -
Mix control circuit 17 provides a pair of gain control signals G1 and G2 through aforcing circuit 23 toamplifiers Forcing circuit 23 receives a control signal frommicrocontroller 16vis control bus 19 to select between the diversity and non-diversity modes as will described below. - The output of
summer 21 provides an FM MPX MIX signal to astereo decoder 24 and to aswitching circuit 25. The output fromstereo decoder 24 provides left and right decoded stereo signals for reproduction.Switching circuit 25 also receives as inputs the multiplexsignals FM MPX 1 and FM MPX 2 fromtuners Switching circuit 25 receives a control signal fromcontrol bus 19 which selects between theFM MPX 1, FM MPX 2 and FM MPX MIX signals for input to anRDS demodulator 26. RDS data recovered bydemodulator 26 is provided tomicrocontroller 16. - Tuner output signals FM MPX 1 and FM MPX 2 are also provided to an
audio correlator 27 which determines whether the audio content is identical on the two tuner output signals. Based on a comparison of the two signals,correlator 27 provides an indicating signal tomicrocontroller 16 to identify whether the audio content is the same. - In operation, the radio receiver of Figure 1 operates in either a diversity mode or a non-diversity mode under control of
microcontroller 16. When in diversity mode,tuners antennas 14 and 15 so that the received signals can be combined in a manner which avoids multipath distortion. As described in co-pending application serial number (198-0140), which is incorporated herein by reference,mix control circuit 17 is responsive to multipath conditions to provide gain control signals G1 and G2 to mix the relative contribution of the tuner output signals to the final mixed tuner output signal so that the proportion of each individual output signal in the mixed signal is inversely proportional to the likelihood of multipath in that signal. Thus,tuners amplifier 20 tends to increase with increased signal strength SS1 intuner 10 and tends to decrease with increasing noise content ND1. Likewise, gain control signal G2 increases with increasing signal strength SS2 fromtuner 12 and decreases with increasing noise content ND2. When in the diversity mode, forcingcircuit 23 directly passes gain control signals G1 and G2 frommix control circuit 17 to amplifiers 20 and 22. - Also when in diversity mode,
switching circuit 25 selects the combined output from summer 21 (i.e., the FM MPX MIX signal) for input intoRDS modulator 26 to assure the best quality signal for recovering RDS data for the user selected program. - When
microcontroller 16 determines that the receiver should be in non-diversity mode, the elements of Figure 1 are reconfigured so that one selected tuner is used to search for predetermined alternate frequency information in the RDS signal (e.g., determining the quality of each available AF or detecting RDS data at each AF) and the other tuner is used to reproduce the user selected program. In non-diversity mode,microcontroller 16 configures forcingcircuit 23 in a way which forces one ofamplifiers microcontroller 16 configures switchingcircuit 25 to couple the selected tuner output toRDS demodulator 26. The selection of which tuner to use as the RDS alternate frequency tuner can be arbitrary or may be done according to an optimised method such as the one discussed below in connection with Figure 6. - Switching and
conditioning circuit 18 operates in a conventional manner to introduce high-cut and stereo blend instereo decoder 24 in response to signal strength SS and noise detection ND intuners - A preferred method for co-ordinating receiver operation between diversity and non-diversity modes is shown in Figure 2. The method begins at
block 30 when the radio receiver is either turned on or when it is manually retuned to a new frequency by the user. Instep 31, a check is made to determine whether RDS data is present within the currently tuned-in broadcast. If no RDS data is present, then the tuner enters diversity mode instep 40. If the station being listened is not an RDS broadcast, then the receiver can spend full time in diversity mode. - If RDS data is present in
step 31, then the receiver initially enters non-diversity mode instep 32. While in non-diversity mode,microcontroller 16 gathers RDS data at the selected broadcast frequency including alternate frequencies carrying the same broadcast audio program. Signal quality of the AFs is collected and stored in memory based on signal strength and noise detection at each AF instep 33. After signal quality is gathered for all the AFs, a check is made instep 34 to determine whether the manually selected or current frequency is the best (i.e., strongest) one to receive. If not, then a switch is made to that best AF instep 35. - In step 36 (while still in non-diversity mode), a check is made to determine whether a multipath event is present by examining signal strength and noise detection signals. If a multipath event is detected in
step 36, then the receiver enters diversity mode instep 40. If no multipath event is detected, then additional lower priority RDS data may be collected and/or monitored instep 37. Instep 38, a check is made to determine whether all possible RDS data has been gathered. If not, then a return is made to step 36. Otherwise, the receiver enters diversity mode instep 40. Thus, under good signal conditions (indicated by the tuner SS and ND signals), the receiver can spend as much time as necessary gathering RDS data. - After entering diversity mode in
step 40, the receiver checks for worsening reception quality instep 41. At the point where reception quality worsens to an unacceptable level, a return is made to step 31 which allows the receiver to re-enter non-diversity mode if RDS data is present, thereby allowing a search to be conducted for a better signal at an alternate frequency. If reception quality has not worsened instep 41, then a check is made instep 42 to determine whether a predetermined period of time has passed (e.g., several minutes) in which reception quality of alternate frequencies may have changed and the memory of the receiver should be updated. If the predetermined delay has not expired, then a return is made to step 41 and the receiver remains in diversity mode. If the predetermined delay has passed, then a return is made to step 31. - Figure 3
shows forcing circuit 23 in greater detail. A pair ofmultiplexers mix control circuit 17. A maximum gain signal Gmax and a minimum gain control signal Gmin are provided to additional multiplexer inputs as shown. The outputs ofmultiplexers microcontroller 16. Thus, either gain control signals G1 and G2 are passed unchanged, or G1 is forced to maximum gain while G2 is forced to minimum or no gain, or G1 is forced to minimum gain while G2 is forced to maximum gain depending upon the control signals. - Figure 4 shows one embodiment for detecting multipath in
step 36 of Figure 2. Instep 50, signal strength SS (from the tuner being used to provide the audio reproduction) is compared with a predetermined signal strength threshold. If instantaneous signal strength falls below this threshold, then a multipath event is detected. Otherwise, a check is made instep 51 to determine whether the noise detection signal indicates an amount of noise present greater than a predetermined noise threshold. If the threshold is exceeded then multipath is present, otherwise there is no multipath event taking place. Many other ways are known in the art for detecting a multipath event and any may be acceptable for purposes of this invention. - Figure 5 shows one embodiment of a method for detecting worsening reception quality as used in
step 41 of Figure 2. Likewise, many other acceptable methods could be used for determining when reception quality has worsened. In this preferred embodiment, average signal quality (SQ) for a current time period is compared with average SQ for a previous time period. Signal quality as used herein means a determination based upon signal strength SS, noise detection ND, or both. Noise added to a signal may consist of multipath distortion or other noise such as intermodulation or adjacent channel noise. In the preferred embodiment, signal quality is measured in direct proportion to signal strength ss and in inverse proportion to noise detection ND. Signal quality can be determined by counting how many times signal strength SS and noise detection signal ND cross their respective thresholds during a specified time period. - In
step 55, a number of times, x, that SS and/or ND are worse than their respective thresholds during atime block # 1 is recorded. Instep 56, a number of times, y, that SS and/or ND are worse than their respective thresholds during atime block # 2 is recorded. Time blocks #1 and #2 are of equal time (each on the order of at least several seconds) and are consecutive. The values of x and y are indicators of signal quality SQ wherein the lower the value of x or y, the higher the signal quality. A check is made instep 57 to determine whether the count of threshold crossings has increased by 10 percent (i.e., whether x > 110% of y). If so, then the signal quality has unacceptably worsened and a search for a new broadcast frequency can be initiated. Otherwise, a determination is made that reception quality has not worsened and is still acceptable. It may also be desirable to compare running averages of SS and ND with their respective thresholds to also detect unacceptable or worsened conditions. - In a typical vehicle installation, although
tuners antennas 14 and 15 will not have identical electrical properties for a variety of reasons. Aesthetic and styling requirements dictate the kind of antennas used and where they are placed on the vehicle. Commonly used types of antennas include a whip antenna mounted on a vehicle panel or roof, and an on-glass antenna. Since the antennas will most often differ in gain and radiation patterns, the signal strength received by the tuners will vary from each other even when multipath or other noise is not present. Although it may be possible to designate one tuner as a main tuner and the other as a subsidiary tuner, it may not be possible to know in advance which tuner input is likely to be connected to the better antenna. Thus, a further method is provided for selecting which tuner to use as the RDS tuner and which to use as the audio program reception tuner when entering non-diversity mode as shown in Figure 6. In general, under strong signal conditions, it may be desirable to use the strongest signal to perform RDS data gathering since the audio signal from the other tuner is then of good quality. However, whenever medium or weak signal conditions are present, it is generally desirable to use the stronger signal for audio reproduction and use the weaker signal for RDS data gathering. Thus, a check is made instep 60 to determine whether signal strength signals SS1 and SS1 are each greater than a threshold T1. If both are greater than the threshold then a strong signal is detected instep 61 and the RDS tuner is selected as the one with the bigger signal strength signal. Otherwise, a weak signal is detected instep 62 and the RDS tuner is selected as the one with the smaller signal strength signal. Non-diversity mode is entered instep 63 wherein the selected RDS tuner is scanned tuned while the other tuner is tuned to the desired frequency for the selected program. - Yet another advanced feature of the present invention relates to making a completely smooth, inaudible transition when switching between alternate frequencies. In prior art receivers, an audible click or transient can often be heard during retuning to the new frequency. In the present invention, the forcing circuit can be modified to provide ramping signals for controlling the gain control signals to smoothly transition reproduction from one tuner to the other. Before performing such a transition, however, the receiver needs to verify that the content at each frequency is the same. Thus, even though the program information (PI) RDS code may indicate that the two frequencies have the same program audio, there are instances where the program audio may in fact be different. Furthermore, in some instances under weak signal conditions, the RDS decoder may have difficulty obtaining the PI code or may take an unacceptably long period of time to obtain the PI code. Thus,
audio correlator 27 in Figure 1 is used to verify identical program audio.Audio correlator 27 is a known circuit for indicating whether or not the two multiplex signals have their inputs correlated. - As shown in Figure 7, a check is made in
step 65 to determine whether the audio signals are correlated. If the signals are not correlated, then the transitioning between alternate frequencies is skipped. Otherwise, the receiver enters non-diversity mode instep 66. Instep 67, the selected RDS tuner is retuned to the new frequency. Then, the amplifier gains are ramped instep 68 such that audio reproduction transitions from the other tuner to the selected RDS tuner. Instep 69, the other tuner is retuned to the new frequency and the receiver enters diversity mode instep 70.
Claims (10)
- A radio receiver for a mobile vehicle wherein said receiver is capable of receiving sub-carrier data from broadcasts containing said data, and wherein said receiver operates in either a diversity mode or a non-diversity mode, said receiver comprising:a first tuner (10) producing a first tuner output signal in response to a broadcast signal at a first selected broadcast frequency;a second tuner (12) producing a second tuner output signal in response to a broadcast signal at a second selected broadcast frequency;a signal mixer (17,20,21,22,23) producing a mixed tuner output signal in response to said first and second tuner output signals, said signal mixer proportionally combining said first and second tuner output signals when in said diversity mode according to relative measures of signal quality, and said signal mixer isolating a selected one of said first and second tuner output signals from said mixed tuner output when in said non-diversity mode;a data demodulator (26) responsive to either said first or second tuner output signal or said mixed tuner output signal to recover said sub-carrier data; anda control (16) coupled to said first and second tuners (10,12), said signal mixer (17,20,21,22,23) and said data demodulator (26), said control (16) selecting said diversity mode or said non-diversity mode in response to said signal quality, said control controlling said first and second selected broadcast frequencies such that 1) said first and second selected broadcast frequencies each provide a user selected program when in said diversity mode, or 2) said selected one of said first and second tuner output signals is searched for predetermined alternate frequency information according to said sub-carrier data and the other one of said first and second tuner output signals provides said user selected program when in said non-diversity mode.
- A radio receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control (16) includes a quality detector determining said signal quality in response to received signal strength and distortion.
- A radio receiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein said distortion is comprised of multipath distortion.
- A radio receiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein said distortion is comprised of noise.
- A radio receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second tuners (10,12) each includes its own respective external antenna connection.
- A radio receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second tuners (10,12) provide first and second signal strength signals, respectively, wherein said control (16) includes threshold means for comparing at least one of said signal strength signals with a threshold, wherein said selected one of said first and second tuner output signals is the one having a greater signal strength signal when said comparison indicates a signal strength above said threshold, and wherein said selected one of said first and second tuner output signals is the one having a lesser signal strength signal when said comparison indicates a signal strength below said threshold.
- A radio receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second selected broadcast frequencies are the same during said diversity mode.
- A radio receiver as claimed in claim 7, wherein said control (16) transitions said receiver from an original broadcast frequency to a new broadcast frequency containing the same user selected program by 1) entering said non-diversity mode, 2) retuning said selected one of said first and second tuner output signals to said new broadcast frequency, 3) ramping said mixed tuner output signal from said other one of said first and second tuner output signals to said selected one of said first and second tuner output signals, 4) retuning said other one of said first and second tuner output signals to said new broadcast frequency, and 5) entering said diversity mode.
- A radio receiver as claimed in claim 8, further comprising an audio correlator comparing said first and second tuner output signals and producing an indicating signal when said first and second tuner output signals are verified to contain said same user selected program, wherein said control transitions to said new broadcast frequency only if said indicating signal is present.
- A method of mobile radio reception in a mobile receiver capable of receiving sub-carrier data from broadcasts containing said data, and wherein said receiver operates in either a diversity mode or a non-diversity mode, said method comprising the steps of:producing a first tuner output signal from a first tuner in response to a broadcast signal at a first selected broadcast frequency;producing a second tuner output signal from a second tuner in response to a broadcast signal at a second selected broadcast frequency;combining said first and second tuner output signals to produce a mixed tuner output signal, wherein said first and second tuner output signals are proportionally combined when in said diversity mode according to relative measures of signal quality, and wherein a selected one of said first and second tuner output signals is isolated from said mixed tuner output signal when in said non-diversity mode;recovering said sub-carrier data in response to either said first and second tuner output signals of said mixed tuner output signal to recover said sub-carrier data;selecting said diversity mode or said non-diversity mode in response to said signal quality; andsetting said first and second selected broadcast frequencies such that 1) said first and second selected broadcast frequencies each provide a same user selected program when in said diversity mode, or 2) said selected one of said first and second tuner output signals is searched for predetermined alternate frequency information according to said sub-carrier data and the other one of said first and second tuner output signals provides said user selected program when in said non-diversity mode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US102587 | 1998-06-23 | ||
US09/102,587 US6141536A (en) | 1998-06-23 | 1998-06-23 | Diversity radio system with RDS |
Publications (2)
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EP0967746A2 true EP0967746A2 (en) | 1999-12-29 |
EP0967746A3 EP0967746A3 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP99304263A Withdrawn EP0967746A3 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 1999-06-01 | Diversity radio receiver system with two tuners and a Radio Data System (RDS) decoder |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US6141536A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0967746A3 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2275114A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6141536A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
CA2275114A1 (en) | 1999-12-23 |
EP0967746A3 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
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