EP0757180B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben von Strömungsmaschinen mit Reglern mit hoher Propertionalverstärkung - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben von Strömungsmaschinen mit Reglern mit hoher Propertionalverstärkung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0757180B1 EP0757180B1 EP96110205A EP96110205A EP0757180B1 EP 0757180 B1 EP0757180 B1 EP 0757180B1 EP 96110205 A EP96110205 A EP 96110205A EP 96110205 A EP96110205 A EP 96110205A EP 0757180 B1 EP0757180 B1 EP 0757180B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- relief valve
- regulator
- valve
- surge
- closing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/023—Details or means for fluid extraction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/0223—Control schemes therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/0215—Arrangements therefor, e.g. bleed or by-pass valves
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Operating turbomachines to avoid Controller instabilities with high proportional gain of the Regulator with the features of the preamble of claims 1 and 7.
- a surge limit controller which has a nonlinear amplifier.
- This non-linear The amplifier increases the control loop gain when the Blow-off valves by more than 2% by a factor of 5. Since the Pump limit controllers only work optimally if they are in the Normal operation operated with the maximum permissible gain , this gain increase by 5 means that the controller works unstably with this high gain.
- EP-A-0 336 092 describes a method for protecting a Turbocompressor before pumping by blowing over a Blow-off valve known.
- the blow-off valve is increased Adjustment speed in the opening direction and at a slower rate Adjustment speed adjusted in the closing direction.
- Parallel the surge limit control is intervening in an emergency Safety control operated.
- EP-A-0 477 055 describes a device or a method to protect a compressor against unstable operation under Use of a surge limit controller and one Pump limit control valve described.
- the known device assigns an electrovalve to the surge limit control valve Drain the servo motor of the surge limit control valve and one
- Ramp generator on in a parallel control loop is arranged.
- This control device is in Direction of opening of the relief valve no time limit effective, but there is a time limit in the closing direction the closing process of the relief valve provided.
- the Opening and closing movements are done by the electro valve and made the ramp generator. It does that Solenoid valve the quick opening of the relief valve during the time-limited closings over that in the parallel Control loop arranged ramp generator takes place.
- a negative sign The control difference e therefore means that the working point the compressor is in the safe working area while a positive sign of the system deviation e means that the Operating point the blow-off line to the left, d. H. towards has exceeded the surge limit. If the exceeds Working point the surge limit, there is a pumping of the Compressor. Make these rule differences inadmissible the controller is switched to follow-up mode and its exit to the current relief valve position switched. This ensures that the manipulated variable of Pump limit controller is not significantly different from the position of the Valve deviates.
- the stability behavior of the surge limit control loops according to the invention have a positive influence in that an electronic limitation of the closing speed of the relief valve is made. Consequently can have surge limiters with significantly higher Proportional gain can be operated stably.
- This Gradient limiter is asymmetrical, i. H. there is none in the opening direction of the relief valve time limit is effective, in the closing direction however, a freely parameterizable time limit the closing process of the relief valve provided or programmed.
- a surge limit control with such a gradient limitation is largely independent from very high controller gains.
- a very high one selected controller gain inevitably leads to the fact that the controller circuit becomes unstable. Without this limitation would the controller output and thus the valve position swing. With this limitation in the controller output would however, this vibration affects the first half wave restrict, d. that is, the gain would be too high the relief valve further than an optimally set one Open the controller, the subsequent quick closing process would go away, however, and the valve would only with the set gradient, d. H. slowly, conclude.
- the main advantage of the invention is that significantly larger proportional gains can be selected are. As a result, the surge limit controller intervenes at one Process disruption significantly more powerful and protects the Compressor much better before pumps.
- the manipulated variable limiter is a function block imagine its output in the stationary Operating case is always the same as its entrance. This applies also for dynamic processes in the direction of valve opening. Control commands in the closing direction are also unaffected switched through from input to output, as long as the gradient for the manipulated variable change is less than the set limit. He follows this change of input with a steeper Gradient, the output size changes with the as Gradients set until the Gradient of the input is smaller than the set one Border.
- the Gradient switchable this will required if at a greater distance from the Working point from the surge limit a faster Closing speed is allowed and close the surge limit to a slower speed is switched. This happens when the Working point, for example, more than 20% away from the blow-off line, then the valve can be used a positioning time of z. B. 20 seconds or even Close for 1 second for the entire stroke; approaches however, the working point is closer to the blow-off line and falls below the 20% limit, then for example to a positioning time of 5 minutes for the entire Hub switched.
- the invention is based on schematic Exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.
- the turbocompressor (1) is on the intake side connected to an intake pipe (10). Delivery side is the turbo compressor (1) with an exhaust pipe (11) connected via a check valve (12) the medium compressed by the turbocompressor (1) leads to a downstream process.
- a check valve (12) In front of the check valve (12) branches from the discharge line (11) a blow-off line (20) into which a blow-off valve (2) with silencer (3) with a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator (21) is turned on with a control line (22) is connected.
- the intake side is connected to the intake line (10) connected flow meter (31) to the Compressor (1) flowing flow of the to be compressed Medium recorded.
- the pressure gauge (32) is a function generator (33) downstream, based on saved Data associated with a particular print, just permissible minimum flow value outputs for the compressor (1).
- the one from the flow meter (31) Actually measured actual flow value and that of Function transmitter (32) output flow setpoint are fed to a subtractor (34), in which the difference from this by subtracting the actual value is formed from the setpoint.
- the control parameter generated in the subtractor (34) is given to a surge limit controller (41), the Subtractor (34) is connected downstream.
- the surge limit controller (41) ensures a continuous Regulation, d. H. an exact adjustment of the Blow-off valve (2) depending on the position of the Working point in the map.
- the output works for this the surge limit controller (41) over a gradient limiter (50) and via a control line (22) to the Actuating device (21) of the relief valve (2).
- a Positioner From the actuator (21) with a Positioner supplies pressure media (23) to a piston-cylinder unit, not shown specifically or membrane unit for generating the Force for the adjustment movement of the relief valve (2) in the closing and opening direction.
- the power for Adjustment movement of the relief valve (2) in the opening direction is generally used for security reasons an energy storage element, e.g. B. a tense Spring generated to in the event of failure of the scheme automatic opening of the relief valve (2) ensure.
- the output of the control line (22) acts on a pneumatic one or hydraulic actuating device (21).
- the relief valve (2) in the event of a process failure by lowering the control signal in the opening direction adjusted until the compressor operating point in the safe map area is reset with only the constructive design of valve (2) and actuator (21) dependent actuating speed.
- the output signal of the surge limit controller increases (41) again.
- the gradient limiter (50) limits the rise of the control signal (22) on the set limit and thus causes a time delay Closure of the relief valve (2) from the last position reached.
- the surge limit controller (41) limits now internally adjust its output size by tracking the valve position. If position measurement is missing on Valve (2) can also control signal (22) on the Pump limit controller (41) are returned.
- the electronic gradient limiter according to the invention (50) is shown in detail in Fig. 2. It exists from the signal input block, a control factor or Gain (51), a limiter (52) and an integrator (53). From the control line (22) branches to the Integrator (53) from a feedback line (54), which are directly connected to the control factor or gain (51) is. The limits for the gradients are called Upper and lower limit of the limiter (52) set.
- the gradient limiter (50) and the surge limit controller (41) can advantageously be known components be used so that the implementation of the Process and the production of a suitable Device comparatively simple and inexpensive are.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein Schaltschema zur Vermeidung von Reglerinstabilitäten,
- Fig. 2
- ein Schaltbild des elektronischen Gradientenbegrenzers.
- 1
- Turboverdichter
- 2
- Abblaseventil
- 3
- Schalldämpfer
- 10
- Ansaugleitung
- 11
- Abgabeleitung
- 12
- Rückschlagklappe
- 20
- Abblaseleitung
- 21
- pneumatische/hydraulische Betätigungseinrichtung
- 22
- Steuerleitung
- 23
- Druckmedienleitung
- 31
- Durchflußmesser
- 32
- Druckmesser
- 33
- Funktionsgeber (Durchfluß-Sollwert)
- 34
- Subtrahierer
- 41
- Pumpgrenzregler
- 50
- Gradientenbegrenzer
- 51
- Stellfaktor/Gain
- 52
- Begrenzer
- 53
- Integrierer
- 54
- Rückkoppelung
- 60
- Rückführung der Ventilposition
Claims (11)
- Verfahren zum Betreiben von Strömungsmaschinen zur Vermeidung von Reglerinstabilitäten an Pumpgrenzreqelungen mit hoher Proportialverstärkung des Reglers mittels Abblasens über ein Abblaseventil, wobei in dem Verfahren aus Meßwerten zumindest für den Verdichterdurchfluß und Verdichterenddruck sowie aus vorgegebenen bzw. vorgebbaren Sollwerten ein Regelparameter bestimmt wird, anhand dessen durch einen Pumpgrenzregler eine sofortige Öffnung des Abblaseventiles mittels einer pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Betätigungseinrichtung über ein Druckmedium erfolgt, wobei in Öffnungsrichtung des Abblaseventiles (2) keine zeitliche Begrenzung wirksam ist, in Schließrichtung jedoch eine frei parametrierbare zeitliche Begrenzung des Schließvorganges des Abblaseventiles (2) vorgesehen bzw. einprogrammiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch einen asymmetrisch aufgebauten Gradientenbegrenzer sowohl die Begrenzung der Schließgeschwindigkeit des Abblaseventiles (2) elektronisch (50) vorgenommen wird als auch die Öffnung des Abblaseventiles (2) bewirkt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch einen umschaltbaren Gradientenbegrenzer (50) bei einem größeren Abstand des Arbeitspunktes von der Pumpgrenze eine schnellere Schließgeschwindigkeit zugelassen und in der Nähe der Pumpgrenze eine langsamere Schließgeschwindigkeit des Abblaseventiles (2) erreicht wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch einen Gradientenbegrenzer (50) mit mehreren Schaltstufen die Schließgeschwindigkeit bei Annäherung des Arbeitspunktes an die Abblaselinie schrittweise reduziert wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch einen stetig veränderbaren Grenzwert des Gradienten bei Annäherung des Arbeitspunktes an die Abblaselinie die Schließgeschwindigkeit des Abblaseventiles (2) stetig reduziert wird. - Verfahren.nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stellung des Abblaseventiles (2) auf den Pumpgrenzregler (41) rückgekoppelt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Signal der Steuerleitung (22) auf den Pumpgrenzregler (41) rückgekoppelt wird. - Vorrichtung zum Betreiben von Strömungsmaschinen zur Vermeidung von Reglerinstabilitäten an Pumpgrenzreqelungen mit hoher Proportialverstärkung des Reglers bestehend aus einem Pumpgrenzregler (41) für die Verstellung eines Abblaseventiles (2) über ein Druckmedium mittels einer pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Betätigungseinrichtung (21) mit einem Stellungsregler mit einer Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit bzw. einer Membran-Zylinder-Einheit und aus einer Steuerungsleitung (22) für eine bedarfsweise Betätigung des Abblaseventiles (2) in Öffnungsrichtung ohne zeitliche Begrenzung und in Schließrichtung mit einer frei parametrierbaren zeitlichen Begrenzung des Schließvorganges, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Pumpgrenzregler (41) und der Steuerleitung (22) ein elektronischer asymmetrisch aufgebauter Gradientenbegrenzer (50) zwischengeschaltet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gradientenbegrenzer (50) aus einem Stellfaktor (51), Begrenzer (52) und Integrierer (53) besteht. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Integrierer (53) eine Rückkoppelung (54) zu dem Stellfaktor (51) abzweigt. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der pneumatischen/hydraulischen Betätigungseinrichtung (21) des Abblaseventiles (2) und dem Pumpgrenzregler (41) eine Rückführleitung (60) für Anzeige der Ventilposition angeordnet ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerleitung (22) über die pneumatische/ hydraulische Betätigungseinrichtung (21) mit der Rückführleitung (60) gekoppelt ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19528253 | 1995-08-01 | ||
DE19528253A DE19528253C2 (de) | 1995-08-01 | 1995-08-01 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Reglerinstabilitäten bei Pumpgrenzregelungen beim Betrieb von Strömungsmaschinen mit Reglern hoher Prportionalverstärkung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0757180A1 EP0757180A1 (de) | 1997-02-05 |
EP0757180B1 true EP0757180B1 (de) | 2001-10-24 |
Family
ID=7768429
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96110205A Expired - Lifetime EP0757180B1 (de) | 1995-08-01 | 1996-06-25 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben von Strömungsmaschinen mit Reglern mit hoher Propertionalverstärkung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5765991A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0757180B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19528253C2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7025558B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2006-04-11 | Man Turbo Ag | Process for the reliable operation of turbocompressors with surge limit control and surge limit control valve |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10012380A1 (de) | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-20 | Man Turbomasch Ag Ghh Borsig | Verfahren zum Schutz eines Turbokompressors vor Betrieb im instabilen Arbeitsbereich |
EP2101240B1 (de) * | 2008-03-10 | 2013-06-26 | Karl Morgenbesser | Regelorgan für Fluide |
US9194319B2 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2015-11-24 | General Electric Company | Methods for intentional turbo surging for enhanced system control and protections |
EP3147511A1 (de) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur pumpgrenzreglung, turboverdichter |
CN109505795A (zh) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-22 | 华电国际电力股份有限公司邹县发电厂 | 风机动调断电保护***及其方法 |
DE102020001431A1 (de) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-09 | KSB SE & Co. KGaA | Verfahren zur Durchfluss- und/oder Druckregelung in einer hydraulischen Anlage |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2623899C3 (de) * | 1976-05-28 | 1989-06-08 | MAN Gutehoffnungshütte GmbH, 4200 Oberhausen | Verfahren zum Betreiben von Turboverdichtern in der Nähe der Pumpgrenze |
US4142838A (en) * | 1977-12-01 | 1979-03-06 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for preventing surge in a dynamic compressor |
DE3105376C2 (de) * | 1981-02-14 | 1984-08-23 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 4200 Oberhausen | Verfahren zum Betreiben von Turboverdichtern |
DE3540285A1 (de) * | 1985-11-13 | 1987-05-14 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren und einrichtung zum regeln von turbokompressoren |
DE3540284A1 (de) * | 1985-11-13 | 1987-05-14 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Einrichtung zum regeln eines turbokompressors zur verhinderung des pumpens |
DE3805119A1 (de) * | 1988-02-18 | 1989-08-31 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren und einrichtung zum regeln von turbokompressoren |
DE3809070A1 (de) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-10-26 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren zum sicheren betreiben von turbo-kompressoren |
DE3809881A1 (de) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-10-12 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Regelverfahren zur vermeidung des pumpens eines turbokompressors |
DE3810717A1 (de) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-19 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren zur vermeidung des pumpens eines turboverdichters mittels abblaseregelung |
DE3811232A1 (de) * | 1988-04-02 | 1989-10-26 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Regelverfahren zum vermeiden des pumpens eines turboverdichters mittels bedarfsweisen abblasens |
DE3811230A1 (de) * | 1988-04-02 | 1989-10-26 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren zum schuetzen eines turboverdichters vor pumpen mittels abblasens ueber ein abblaseventil sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
FR2666854B1 (fr) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-12-18 | Framatome Sa | Dispositif de commande de moyens d'antipompage d'un compresseur. |
-
1995
- 1995-08-01 DE DE19528253A patent/DE19528253C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-25 DE DE59607984T patent/DE59607984D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-25 EP EP96110205A patent/EP0757180B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-29 US US08/681,919 patent/US5765991A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7025558B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2006-04-11 | Man Turbo Ag | Process for the reliable operation of turbocompressors with surge limit control and surge limit control valve |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0757180A1 (de) | 1997-02-05 |
US5765991A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
DE59607984D1 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
DE19528253A1 (de) | 1997-02-13 |
DE19528253C2 (de) | 1997-10-16 |
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