EP0750720B1 - Turbo-machine with a balance piston - Google Patents

Turbo-machine with a balance piston Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0750720B1
EP0750720B1 EP96900592A EP96900592A EP0750720B1 EP 0750720 B1 EP0750720 B1 EP 0750720B1 EP 96900592 A EP96900592 A EP 96900592A EP 96900592 A EP96900592 A EP 96900592A EP 0750720 B1 EP0750720 B1 EP 0750720B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
gap
throttle
radial
housing bore
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96900592A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0750720A1 (en
Inventor
Mohamed Barhoum
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Sterling Industry Consult GmbH
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Sterling Industry Consult GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D3/00Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working-fluid
    • F01D3/04Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working-fluid axial thrust being compensated by thrust-balancing dummy piston or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/041Axial thrust balancing
    • F04D29/0416Axial thrust balancing balancing pistons

Definitions

  • the Shaft axially movable. This is for operational safety reasons impossible in many cases where the Approach of a shim prohibits. In these cases one grabs a so-called relief piston.
  • This is a fixed ring on the shaft, which with as possible little play in the bore of a fixed housing part rotates and on one side of a higher medium pressure than is applied to the other.
  • the resulting on the balancing piston resulting force serves to relieve a the bearing determining the axial position of the shaft.
  • the axial gap between the circumference of the relief piston and the bore of the Do not fall below a certain minimum. Hence it results there is a high leakage, which accounts for 4-6% of the flow can and therefore significantly affects the overall efficiency.
  • This high leakage can be avoided by using the Relief piston with a freely rotatable one Ring provides the instead of the relief piston against the Housing is sealed, not against the housing rotates, but axially movable together with the relief piston is (US-A 2,221,225).
  • This ring sits in a circumferential groove of the relief piston, its end faces with the Include two narrow gaps in parallel flanks of the groove. The ring should be approximately in the middle during operation Take up position between the groove flanks. The leakage current will then determined by the width of the two end columns. The distance to the bottom of the groove has no effect since it is very large. Contact between the ring and the relief piston should not normally occur during operation.
  • This known arrangement has the disadvantage that the size of the leakage current and the dynamic behavior of the ring from that Game between the end faces of the ring and the groove flanks and thus depends on manufacturing tolerances and wear. It also tends to behave unstably.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a relief arrangement the last way to create how it is specified in the preamble of claim 1, the is more simple and does not lead to instability in operating behavior tends.
  • the solution according to the invention consists in the features of Claim 1 and preferably those of claim 2.
  • the relief arrangement according to the invention only requires a radial annular gap between the relief piston and the throttle ring. This is a choke in the shape of a narrow, cylindrical annular gap between these two parts upstream. Since the throttling effect of this annular gap from the axial position of the throttle ring is independent, results in very stable operating behavior. Precise manufacture is not required.
  • An axle thrust compensation device is known (DE-A 14 53 787), the two for an axially movable shaft provides radial throttle columns, one of which with a counter surface fixed to the housing interacts while the other with a non-rotatably connected, but axially movable ring sealed against the housing cooperates.
  • the cylindrical annular gap between the above three components acts as a choke. For relief orders, where an axially fixed shaft is required this construction cannot be used. It is also very complex.
  • the outside diameter is that of the formation of the radial throttle gap involved end face of the throttle ring larger than the diameter of the housing bore cooperating circumference of the throttle ring.
  • This is accomplished by means of a ring projection provided on the throttle ring or flange that is on the side of the throttle gap from the higher, from the pressure side influenced gap pressure and on the back of the low pressure is applied. This allows the size of the throttle gap for given Set operating conditions reliably.
  • the shaft 1, which carries the impellers of the pump stages 2, is in the housing, part of which can be seen at 3, in not shown axially fixed.
  • the relief piston device is provided between a room 4 the pump which is pressurized with high pressure "H”, and a room in which lower pressure is “N” the relief piston device is provided.
  • This arrangement is the relief piston 6 and the fixed Housing part 7 formed, which has a cylindrical Throttle gap 8 cooperate.
  • the relief piston 6 is firmly arranged on the shaft 1. Its cross-sectional area is dimensioned so that the differential pressure acting thereon the desired Relief force results.
  • the annular gap 8 has in the Usually a width of a few tenths of a millimeter and for reduction of the leakage current is of considerable axial length.
  • the relief piston 10 has a smaller diameter. At the low-pressure end, it has a flange-like, radial annular projection 11 provided.
  • the relief piston 10 is surrounded by the hollow-cylindrical design Throttle ring 12, with the cylindrical peripheral surface of the relief piston 10 includes an annular gap 13 which has a radial width of a few tenths of a millimeter. His cylindrical peripheral surface is in the cylindrical bore 14 of the fixed housing part 15, the game so is dimensioned so that it can be used under all operating conditions can move axially freely. It is expedient on this Side of the throttle ring, a sealing ring 16 is provided. This is not necessary if there is play between the throttle ring and the housing bore is so low that the leakage current flowing through it is negligible.
  • the Throttle ring 12 has an annular projection 17 which is axially movable but non-rotatably with the fixed housing part 15 at 18 is pinned.
  • the throttle gap does not need to cover the entire radial To extend the said end faces; much more the end face distance can be larger in the radially inner region be, as shown in Fig.2 at 19.
  • the actual Throttle gap then begins a little further radially outwards, whereby the transition is either gradual (as in Fig. 2) or gradual can take place.
  • a spring 20 that defines the radial throttle face pushing towards each other is not excluded, but generally not necessary.
  • a spring can even be provided be that pushes the throttle faces apart, to prevent solid-state contact when the machine starts up.
  • the throttling effect in the annular gap 13 contributes to stabilization of the radial throttle gap.
  • the throttling effect in the annular gap 13 is expediently between 10 and 50% of total differential pressure.
  • the leakage current in the area of the relief piston to less than half of the usual Be reduced. This can reduce the overall efficiency several points are raised.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

Beim Betrieb von Strömungsmaschinen werden auf die Welle Reaktionskräfte übertragen, die von dieser wiederum auf das feststehende Gehäuse übertragen werden müssen. Da es unerwünscht ist, diese Kräfte ausschließlich über die Wellenlagerung zu leiten, wurden verschiedene Ausgleichs- und Entlastungseinrichtungen entwickelt. Bei einer bekannten Ausgleichsvorrichtung (Pfleiderer: Die Kreiselpumpen, 1949, S.366-368) wird die gesamte Axialkraft durch eine mit der Welle drehfest verbundene Druckscheibe auf eine Stirnfläche des Gehäuses übertragen, die mit der Druckscheibe einen radial durchströmten Drosselspalt einschließt. Sie wird auf ihrer Rückseite von einem niedrigen Druck und auf der Drosselspaltseite von einem abgedrosselten höheren Druck der Maschine beaufschlagt. Im Betrieb stellt sich ein von der Differenz dieser Drücke abhängiger Drosselspalt ein, der bei konstanter Durchströmung und konstanten Betriebsverhältnissen eine Berührungsfreie Kraftübertragung ermöglicht. Damit sich der Drosselspalt gemäß der Druckdifferenz einstellen kann, muß die Welle axial beweglich sein. Dies ist aus Betriebssicherheitsgründen in vielen Fällen unmöglich, in denen sich somit der Ansatz einer Ausgleichsscheibe verbietet. In diesen Fällen greift man zu einem sogenannten Entlastungskolben. Dies ist ein auf der Welle fest angeordneter Ring, der mit möglichst geringem Spiel in der Bohrung eines feststehenden Gehäuseteils umläuft und auf einer Seite von einem höheren Mediumsdruck als auf der anderen beaufschlagt ist. Die daraus auf den Ausgleichskolben resultierende Kraft dient zur Entlastung eines die axiale Position der Welle bestimmenden Lagers. Mit Rücksicht auf die Betriebssicherheit kann der axiale Spalt zwischen dem Umfang des Entlastungskolbens und der Bohrung des Gehäuses ein gewisses Minimum nicht unterschreiten. Daher ergibt sich eine hohe Leckage, die 4-6% des Förderstroms ausmachen kann und daher den Gesamtwirkungsgrad erheblich beeinträchtigt.When operating turbomachines are on the shaft Reactive forces transferred from this in turn to the fixed housing must be transferred. Since it is undesirable is, these forces exclusively through the shaft bearing to manage various compensation and relief facilities developed. In a known compensation device (Pfleiderer: The centrifugal pumps, 1949, P.366-368) the total axial force is achieved with a Shaft rotatably connected thrust washer on an end face of the housing, the radial with the thrust washer includes throttled gap. She will be on hers Low pressure back and on the throttle gap side from a throttled higher pressure of the machine. In operation, there is a difference this pressure dependent throttle gap, which at constant Flow and constant operating conditions a non-contact Power transmission enables. So that the throttle gap can adjust according to the pressure difference, the Shaft axially movable. This is for operational safety reasons impossible in many cases where the Approach of a shim prohibits. In these cases one grabs a so-called relief piston. This is a fixed ring on the shaft, which with as possible little play in the bore of a fixed housing part rotates and on one side of a higher medium pressure than is applied to the other. The resulting on the balancing piston resulting force serves to relieve a the bearing determining the axial position of the shaft. With consideration the axial gap between the circumference of the relief piston and the bore of the Do not fall below a certain minimum. Hence it results there is a high leakage, which accounts for 4-6% of the flow can and therefore significantly affects the overall efficiency.

Diese hohe Leckage kann man dadurch vermeiden, daß man den Entlastungskolben mit einem diesem gegenüber frei drehbaren Ring versieht, der statt des Entlastungskolbens gegenüber dem Gehäuse abgedichtet ist, sich gegenüber dem Gehäuse nicht dreht, aber gemeinsam mit dem Entlastungskolben axial beweglich ist (US-A 2,221,225). Dieser Ring sitzt in einer Umfangsnut des Entlastungskolbens, wobei seine Stirnflächen mit den dazu parallelen Flanken der Nut zwei enge Spalten einschließen. Während des Betriebs soll der Ring eine etwa mittige Stellung zwischen den Nutflanken einnehmen. Der Leckstrom wird dann durch die Weite der beiden stirnseitigen Spalten bestimmt. Der Abstand zum Nutgrund wirkt sich nicht aus, da er sehr groß ist. Kontakt zwischen dem Ring und dem Entlastungskolben soll während des Betriebs normalerweise nicht auftreten. Diese bekannte Anordnung hat den Nachteil, daß die Größe des Leckstroms und das dynamische Verhalten des Rings von dem Spiel zwischen den Stirnflächen des Rings und den Nutflanken und damit von Herstellungstoleranzen und Verschleiß abhängt. Sie neigt auch zu instabilem Verhalten.This high leakage can be avoided by using the Relief piston with a freely rotatable one Ring provides the instead of the relief piston against the Housing is sealed, not against the housing rotates, but axially movable together with the relief piston is (US-A 2,221,225). This ring sits in a circumferential groove of the relief piston, its end faces with the Include two narrow gaps in parallel flanks of the groove. The ring should be approximately in the middle during operation Take up position between the groove flanks. The leakage current will then determined by the width of the two end columns. The distance to the bottom of the groove has no effect since it is very large. Contact between the ring and the relief piston should not normally occur during operation. This known arrangement has the disadvantage that the size of the leakage current and the dynamic behavior of the ring from that Game between the end faces of the ring and the groove flanks and thus depends on manufacturing tolerances and wear. It also tends to behave unstably.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Entlastungsanordnung der zuletzt erläuterten Art zu schaffen, wie sie im Gattungsbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegeben ist, die einfacher aufgebaut ist und nicht zu Instabilität im Betriebsverhalten neigt.The invention is therefore based on the object of a relief arrangement the last way to create how it is specified in the preamble of claim 1, the is more simple and does not lead to instability in operating behavior tends.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung besteht in den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie vorzugsweise denen des Anspruchs 2.The solution according to the invention consists in the features of Claim 1 and preferably those of claim 2.

Die erfindungsgemäße Entlastungsanordnung benötigt lediglich einen radialen Ringspalt zwischen dem Entlastungskolben und dem Drosselring. Diesem ist eine Vordrossel in Gestalt eines engen, zylindrischen Ringspalts zwischen diesen beiden Teilen vorgeschaltet. Da die Drosselwirkung dieses Ringspalts von der axialen Lage des Drosselrings unabhängig ist, ergibt sich ein sehr stabiles Betriebsverhalten. Genaue Herstellung ist nicht erforderlich.The relief arrangement according to the invention only requires a radial annular gap between the relief piston and the throttle ring. This is a choke in the shape of a narrow, cylindrical annular gap between these two parts upstream. Since the throttling effect of this annular gap from the axial position of the throttle ring is independent, results in very stable operating behavior. Precise manufacture is not required.

Im Hinblick auf die Drosselung des Leckstroms gleicht die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung einer radial durchströmten Drosselspaltdichtung (Müller: Abdichtung bewegter Maschinenteile, Waiblingen 1990, S.141-144). Es handelt sich dabei um eine Art von Dichtungen, die den Gleitringdichtungen ähnlich ist aber zur sicheren Vermeidung von Festkörperkontakt zwischen den Gleitflächen einen ständig offenen Spalt einschließt, der keine Abdichtung, sondern lediglich die Drosselung eines Leckstroms bewirkt. Der besondere Effekt der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung im Vergleich mit der bekannten Gleitringdichtung besteht darin, daß der Drosselring sich an der Aufbringung der Entlastungskraft beteiligt. Sein gesamter innerhalb der Gehäusebohrung befindlicher Querschnitt wird von der die Entlastungskraft bildenden Druckdifferenz beaufschlagt. Der dadurch auf ihn entfallende Kraftanteil wird über den Drosselspalt hinweg auf den Ringvorsprung des Ausgleichskolbens übertragen und kommt damit der Ausgleichswirkung zugute, obwohl der Drosselring mit der Welle nicht fest verbunden ist.In terms of throttling the leakage current, the same Arrangement according to the invention of a throttle gap seal with a radial flow (Müller: Sealing of moving machine parts, Waiblingen 1990, pp. 141-144). It is a kind of seals that are similar to mechanical seals, however to safely avoid solid-state contact between the Sliding surfaces includes a constantly open gap that no sealing, just throttling one Leakage current causes. The special effect of the invention Arrangement in comparison with the known mechanical seal is that the throttle ring is attached to the application of the Relief force involved. Its all within the Cross section of the housing bore is from the Relief force pressure difference applied. Of the this means that the amount of force that is attributable to it is via the throttle gap away on the ring projection of the compensating piston transferred and thus benefits the balancing effect, although the throttle ring is not firmly connected to the shaft.

Es ist eine Achsschubausgleichseinrichtung bekannt (DE-A 14 53 787), die für eine axial beweglich gelagerte Welle zwei radiale Drosselspalten vorsieht, von denen einer mit einer gehäusefesten Gegenfläche zusammenwirkt, während der andere mit einem mit dem Gehäuse drehfest verbundenen, aber axial beweglichen und gegenüber dem Gehäuse abgedichteten Ring zusammenwirkt. Der zylindrische Ringspalt zwischen den genannten drei Komponenten wirkt als Drossel. Für Entlastungsanordnungen, bei denen eine axial fest gelagerte Welle vorausgesetzt ist, läßt sich diese Konstruktion nicht verwenden. Außerdem ist sie sehr aufwendig.An axle thrust compensation device is known (DE-A 14 53 787), the two for an axially movable shaft provides radial throttle columns, one of which with a counter surface fixed to the housing interacts while the other with a non-rotatably connected, but axially movable ring sealed against the housing cooperates. The cylindrical annular gap between the above three components acts as a choke. For relief orders, where an axially fixed shaft is required this construction cannot be used. It is also very complex.

Vorzugsweise ist der Außendurchmesser der an der Bildung des radialen Drosselspalts beteiligten Stirnfläche des Drosselrings größer als der Durchmesser des mit der Gehäusebohrung zusamwenwirkenden Umfangs des Drosselrings. Dies wird verwirklicht durch einen am Drosselring vorgesehenen Ringvorsprung oder Flansch, der auf der Seite des Drosselspalts von dem ggf. höheren, von der Druckseite her beeinflußten Spaltdruck und auf seiner Rückseite von dem niedrigen Druck beaufschlagt ist. Dadurch läßt sich die Größe des Drosselspalts für gegebene Betriebsverhältnisse zuverlässig einstellen.Preferably, the outside diameter is that of the formation of the radial throttle gap involved end face of the throttle ring larger than the diameter of the housing bore cooperating circumference of the throttle ring. This is accomplished by means of a ring projection provided on the throttle ring or flange that is on the side of the throttle gap from the higher, from the pressure side influenced gap pressure and on the back of the low pressure is applied. This allows the size of the throttle gap for given Set operating conditions reliably.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden näher unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnuna erläutert. Darin zeigen:

Fig.1
einen Schnitt durch denjenigen Teil einer mehrstufigen Kreiselpumpe, der den Entlastungskolben enthält; die Darstellung in der unteren Hälfte zeigt die Anordnung des Entlastungskolbens nach herkömmlicher Technik, während die obere Hälfte die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung zeigt, und
Fig.2
einen Teilschnitt durch den Entlastungskolben und den zugehörigen Gehäuseteil.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. In it show:
Fig. 1
a section through that part of a multi-stage centrifugal pump that contains the relief piston; the representation in the lower half shows the arrangement of the relief piston according to conventional technology, while the upper half shows the embodiment according to the invention, and
Fig. 2
a partial section through the relief piston and the associated housing part.

Die Welle 1, die die Kreiselräder der Pumpenstufen 2 trägt, ist in dem Gehäuse, von dem bei 3 ein Teil erkennbar ist, in nicht gezeigter Weise axial fest gelagert. Zwischen einem Raum 4 der Pumpe, der mit hohem Druck "H" beaufschlagt ist, und einem Raum, in welchem niedrigerer Druck "N" herrscht, ist die Entlastungskolbeneinrichtung vorgesehen. In der bekannten Anordnung wird diese von dem Entlastungskolben 6 und dem feststehenden Gehäuseteil 7 gebildet, die über einen zylindrischen Drosselspalt 8 zusammenwirken. Der Entlastungskolben 6 ist fest auf der Welle 1 angeordnet. Seine Querschnittsfläche ist so bemessen, daß der darauf einwirkende Differenzdruck die gewünschte Entlastungskraft ergibt. Der Ringspalt 8 hat in der Regel eine Weite von einigen Zehntel Millimetern und zur Verringerung des Leckstroms eine beträchtliche axiale Länge.The shaft 1, which carries the impellers of the pump stages 2, is in the housing, part of which can be seen at 3, in not shown axially fixed. Between a room 4 the pump which is pressurized with high pressure "H", and a room in which lower pressure is "N" the relief piston device is provided. In the well-known This arrangement is the relief piston 6 and the fixed Housing part 7 formed, which has a cylindrical Throttle gap 8 cooperate. The relief piston 6 is firmly arranged on the shaft 1. Its cross-sectional area is dimensioned so that the differential pressure acting thereon the desired Relief force results. The annular gap 8 has in the Usually a width of a few tenths of a millimeter and for reduction of the leakage current is of considerable axial length.

In der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung (obere Hälfte der Zeichnung) hat der Entlastungskolben 10 einen geringeren Durchmesser. Am niederdruckseitigen Ende ist er mit einem flanschartigen, radialen Ringvorsprung 11 versehen.In the arrangement according to the invention (upper half of the drawing) the relief piston 10 has a smaller diameter. At the low-pressure end, it has a flange-like, radial annular projection 11 provided.

Den Entlastungskolben 10 umgibt der hohlzylindrisch ausgebildete Drosselring 12, der mit der zylindrischen Umfangsfläche des Entlastungskolbens 10 einen Ringspalt 13 einschließt, der eine radiale Weite von einigen Zehntel Millimetern hat. Seine zylindrische Umfangsfläche ist in der zylindrischen Bohrung 14 des feststehenden Gehäuseteils 15 geführt, wobei das Spiel so bemessen ist, das er sich unter allen Betriebsbedingungen axial frei bewegen kann. Zweckmäßigerweise ist auf dieser Seite des Drosselrings ein Dichtring 16 vorgesehen. Dieser ist entbehrlich, wenn das Spiel zwischen Drosselring und Gehäusebohrung so gering ist, daß der dadurch fließende Leckstrom vernachlässigbar ist. Am niederdruckseitigen Ende trägt der Drosselring 12 einen Ringvorsprung 17, der axial beweglich aber drehfest mit dem feststehenden Gehäuseteil 15 bei 18 verstiftet ist.The relief piston 10 is surrounded by the hollow-cylindrical design Throttle ring 12, with the cylindrical peripheral surface of the relief piston 10 includes an annular gap 13 which has a radial width of a few tenths of a millimeter. His cylindrical peripheral surface is in the cylindrical bore 14 of the fixed housing part 15, the game so is dimensioned so that it can be used under all operating conditions can move axially freely. It is expedient on this Side of the throttle ring, a sealing ring 16 is provided. This is not necessary if there is play between the throttle ring and the housing bore is so low that the leakage current flowing through it is negligible. At the low-pressure end, the Throttle ring 12 has an annular projection 17 which is axially movable but non-rotatably with the fixed housing part 15 at 18 is pinned.

Die der Hochdruckseite zugewendete Stirnfläche des Ringvorsprungs 11 des Entlastungskolbens 10 einerseits und die niederdruckseitige Stirnfläche des Ringvorsprungs 17 des Drosselrings 12 schließen den radial durchströmten Drosselspalt 21 ein. Sie müssen nicht genau radial verlaufen, aber eine beträchtliche radiale Komponente aufweisen. Sie sind im wesentlichen parallel zueinander. Abweichungen von der Parallelität können beispielsweise bedingt sein durch eine in Strömungsrichtung enger werdenden Keilform (siehe Schneider a.a.O.).The end face of the ring projection facing the high pressure side 11 of the relief piston 10 on the one hand and the low-pressure side end face of the ring projection 17 of the Throttle ring 12 close the radially flowed throttle gap 21 a. You don't have to be exactly radial, however have a substantial radial component. You are in essentially parallel to each other. Deviations from the Parallelism can be caused, for example, by an in The wedge shape becomes narrower in the direction of flow (see Schneider a.a.O.).

Der Drosselspalt braucht sich nicht über die gesamte radiale Ausdehnung der genannten Stirnflächen zu erstrecken; vielmehr kann der Stirnflächenabstand im radial inneren Bereich größer sein, wie dies in Fig.2 bei 19 gezeigt ist. Der eigentliche Drosselspalt beginnt dann ein wenig weiter radial außen, wobei der Übergang entweder stufig (wie in Fig.2) oder allmählich sich vollziehen kann. Eine Feder 20, die die radialen Drosselstirnflächen zueinander drängt, ist nicht ausgeschlossen, aber im allgemeinen nicht notwendig. Es kann sogar eine Feder vorgesehen sein, die die Drosselstirnflächen auseinander drängt, um einem Festkörperkontakt beim Anlauf der Maschine vorzubeugen.The throttle gap does not need to cover the entire radial To extend the said end faces; much more the end face distance can be larger in the radially inner region be, as shown in Fig.2 at 19. The actual Throttle gap then begins a little further radially outwards, whereby the transition is either gradual (as in Fig. 2) or gradual can take place. A spring 20 that defines the radial throttle face pushing towards each other is not excluded, but generally not necessary. A spring can even be provided be that pushes the throttle faces apart, to prevent solid-state contact when the machine starts up.

Die Drosselwirkung im Ringspalt 13 trägt zur Stabilisierung des radialen Drosselspalts bei. Die Drosselwirkung im Ringspalt 13 liegt zweckmäßigerweise zwischen 10 und 50% des gesamten Differenzdrucks.The throttling effect in the annular gap 13 contributes to stabilization of the radial throttle gap. The throttling effect in the annular gap 13 is expediently between 10 and 50% of total differential pressure.

Da es auf die Drosselwirkung im Ringspalt 13 für die Begrenzung des Durchflusses nur sekundär ankommt, hat der Konstrukteur beträchtliche Freiheit bei der Bemessung der Spaltweite. Er kann sie daher an dieser Stelle großzügiger bemessen als im Stand der Technik, was insbesondere bei thermisch arbeitenden Maschinen, deren Teile betrieblich unterschiedlichen Wärmedehnungen unterworfen sein können, von großer Bedeutung sein kann.As it affects the throttling effect in the annular gap 13 for limitation of the flow only arrives secondarily, the designer has considerable freedom in dimensioning the gap width. He can therefore be more generous at this point than in State of the art, especially in the case of thermal working Machines whose parts have operationally different thermal expansions may be subject to be of great importance can.

Dank der Erfindung kann der Leckstrom im Bereich des Entlastungskolbens auf weniger als die Hälfte des bisher üblichen Betrags gesenkt werden. Der Gesamtwirkungsgrad kann dadurch um mehrere Punkte angehoben werden. Thanks to the invention, the leakage current in the area of the relief piston to less than half of the usual Be reduced. This can reduce the overall efficiency several points are raised.

Obgleich im Falle der in Fig.1 oben gezeigten Darstellung der Entlastungskolben 10 einen geringeren Außendurchmesser hat als in dem unten dargestellten, zum Stand der Technik gehörigen Fall, ist die Ausgleichswirkung dieselbe, wenn der Außendurchmesser des Drosselrings 12 gleich dem Außendurchmesser des bekannten Entlastungskolbens 6 ist. Das liegt daran, daß auch die auf den Drosselring 12 wirkende Differenzkraft über die Ringvorsprünge 11 und 17 sowie den Drosselspalt 21 auf den Entlastungskolben 10 übertragen wird.Although in the case of the illustration shown in FIG Relief piston 10 has a smaller outer diameter than in the state of the art shown below Case, the balancing effect is the same if the outside diameter the throttle ring 12 is equal to the outer diameter of the known Relief piston 6 is. That's because too the differential force acting on the throttle ring 12 via the Ring projections 11 and 17 and the throttle gap 21 on the Relief piston 10 is transmitted.

Claims (2)

  1. Fluid-flow machine having a shaft (1) which is mounted in an axially fixed fashion, a balancing piston (10) which is arranged firmly thereon and rotates with radial play in a housing bore (14), and a porting ring (12) which can move axially between the balancing piston (10) and the housing bore (14) and is sealed with respect to the housing bore (14) and whose end face forms with a radial annular projection (11) of the balancing piston (10) a choke gap (21) through which radial flow occurs, characterized in that the porting ring (12) encloses with the circumference of the balancing piston (10) an annular gap (13) which is constructed as an upstream throttle.
  2. Fluid-flow machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outside diameter of the radial choke gap (21) is larger than the diameter of the circumference, cooperating with the housing bore (14), of the porting ring (12).
EP96900592A 1995-01-18 1996-01-17 Turbo-machine with a balance piston Expired - Lifetime EP0750720B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29500744U DE29500744U1 (en) 1995-01-18 1995-01-18 Fluid machine with relief piston
DE29500744U 1995-01-18
PCT/EP1996/000185 WO1996022468A1 (en) 1995-01-18 1996-01-17 Turbo-machine with a balance piston

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0750720A1 EP0750720A1 (en) 1997-01-02
EP0750720B1 true EP0750720B1 (en) 1998-12-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96900592A Expired - Lifetime EP0750720B1 (en) 1995-01-18 1996-01-17 Turbo-machine with a balance piston

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US5713720A (en)
EP (1) EP0750720B1 (en)
DE (2) DE29500744U1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996022468A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59600941D1 (en) 1999-01-21
US5713720A (en) 1998-02-03
WO1996022468A1 (en) 1996-07-25
DE29500744U1 (en) 1996-05-15
EP0750720A1 (en) 1997-01-02

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