EP0722117A2 - Silver halide colour photographic material - Google Patents
Silver halide colour photographic material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0722117A2 EP0722117A2 EP95119066A EP95119066A EP0722117A2 EP 0722117 A2 EP0722117 A2 EP 0722117A2 EP 95119066 A EP95119066 A EP 95119066A EP 95119066 A EP95119066 A EP 95119066A EP 0722117 A2 EP0722117 A2 EP 0722117A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silver halide
- layer
- color
- sensitive
- compounds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
- G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
- G03C7/3029—Materials characterised by a specific arrangement of layers, e.g. unit layers, or layers having a specific function
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03594—Size of the grains
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
- G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
- G03C7/3022—Materials with specific emulsion characteristics, e.g. thickness of the layers, silver content, shape of AgX grains
Definitions
- the invention relates to a color photographic silver halide material with corrected differences in the copy density of the three colors, the sensitivity of which is not reduced by the correction.
- color negative films show fluctuations in the course of their production with regard to these differences, which are compensated for by the targeted addition of filter dyes. Because these filter dyes absorb light, they lower the sensitivity of the material when placed over the light-sensitive layers (as seen from the support). Efforts are therefore made to use these dyes as far as possible under the lowermost light-sensitive layer, but this is not possible if the deviation from the required difference is only noticed or can be noticed when the first light-sensitive layers have already been cast.
- the difference correction of the copy density of a color photographic material is accompanied by a loss of sensitivity.
- the object of the invention was to provide the possibility of a difference correction of the color density in a layer which is arranged over light-sensitive layers, in particular over the uppermost layer spectrally sensitized to green light, preferably over all light-sensitive layers of a color photographic material, in particular a color negative film but does not detract from the sensitivity of the material.
- this is the leuco form (colorless form) of a dye, which is converted into the dye form by the conditions of a processing bath, in particular the bleaching or bleach-fixing bath.
- this is the combination of a colorless color coupler, which couples with the developer oxidation product to a dye of the desired color and in the desired density, and a non-spectrally sensitized, fogged silver halide emulsion.
- the color couplers used in the material in the light-sensitive layers can preferably be used as color couplers. Mixtures of several couplers can also be used which couple to the same but also to different dyes.
- the veiled silver halide emulsion is preferably a particularly fine-grained emulsion, in particular one with a high chloride content, for example an AgCl 0.9-1 Br 0.1-0.1 emulsion, the particles of which have a diameter of the same volume of 0.05 to 0.12 ⁇ m exhibit.
- the combination is preferably used in a layer which is not reached by the developer oxidation product of the next neighboring photosensitive layer and whose developer oxidation product does not reach the next neighboring photosensitive layer. This can be done, for example, by providing an intermediate layer between these two layers if necessary contains a so-called EOP catcher, that is, a reducing compound.
- coupler and veiled emulsion according to the invention is preferably used in the following amounts: 0.01 to 0.08 mmol coupler / m 2 and 0.2 to 0.6 mmol silver halide / m 2 .
- a leuco dye is used, it is used in an amount of 0.01 to 0.08 mmol / m 2 .
- the color densities generated by the further layer should be 0.01 to 0.1.
- the material according to the invention is in particular a color photographic silver halide material with a support, at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one cyan coupler, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one magenta coupler, at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one yellow coupler, all of the green-sensitive silver halide layers being arranged closer to the green-sensitive silver halide layers are arranged as all blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers and all red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers closer to the support than all green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers.
- the material preferably contains 2 or 3 blue, green and red sensitive layers.
- Suitable transparent supports for the production of color photographic materials are, for example, films and foils of semisynthetic and synthetic polymers, such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polycarbonate. These carriers can also be colored black for the purpose of shielding light.
- the surface of the support is generally subjected to a treatment in order to To improve the adhesion of the photographic emulsion layer, for example a corona discharge with subsequent application of a substrate layer.
- the back of the carrier can be provided with a magnetic layer and an antistatic layer.
- Binding agents, silver halide grains and color couplers are essential components of the photographic emulsion layers.
- Gelatin is preferably used as the binder. However, this can be replaced in whole or in part by other synthetic, semi-synthetic or naturally occurring polymers.
- Synthetic gelatin substitutes are, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acid and their derivatives, in particular their copolymers.
- Naturally occurring gelatin substitutes are, for example, other proteins such as albumin or casein, cellulose, sugar, starch or alginates.
- Semi-synthetic gelatin substitutes are usually modified natural products.
- Cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyalkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and phthalyl cellulose and gelatin derivatives, which have been obtained by reaction with alkylating or acylating agents or by grafting on polymerizable monomers, are examples of this.
- the binders should have a sufficient amount of functional groups so that enough resistant layers can be produced by reaction with suitable hardening agents.
- functional groups are in particular amino groups, but also carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups and active methylene groups.
- the gelatin which is preferably used can be obtained by acidic or alkaline digestion. Oxidized gelatin can also be used. The production of such gelatins is described, for example, in The Science and Technology of Gelatine, published by A.G. Ward and A. Courts, Academic Press 1977, page 295 ff.
- the gelatin used in each case should contain the lowest possible level of photographically active impurities (inert gelatin). High viscosity, low swelling gelatins are particularly advantageous.
- the silver halide present as a light-sensitive component in the photographic material can be chloride, bromide or iodide or mixtures as the halide of which included.
- the halide content of at least one layer can consist of 0 to 15 mol% of iodide, 0 to 20 mol% of chloride and 65 to 100 mol% of bromide. It can be predominantly compact crystals, which are, for example, regularly cubic or octahedral or can have transitional forms.
- platelet-shaped crystals may preferably also be present, the average ratio of diameter to thickness of which is preferably at least 5: 1, the diameter of a grain being defined as the diameter of a circle with a circle content corresponding to the projected area of the grain.
- the layers can also have tabular silver halide crystals in which the ratio of diameter to thickness is substantially greater than 5: 1, for example 12: 1 to 30: 1.
- the silver halide grains can also have a multi-layered grain structure, in the simplest case with an inner and an outer grain area (core / shell), the halide composition and / or other modifications, such as e.g. Doping of the individual grain areas are different.
- the average grain size of the emulsions is preferably between 0.2 ⁇ m and 2.0 ⁇ m, the grain size distribution can be either homodisperse or heterodisperse. Homodisperse grain size distribution means that 95% of the grains do not deviate from the mean grain size by more than ⁇ 30%.
- the emulsions can also contain organic silver salts, e.g. Silver benzotriazolate or silver behenate.
- Two or more kinds of silver halide emulsions, which are prepared separately, can be used as a mixture.
- the photographic emulsions can be prepared using various methods (e.g. P. Glafkides, Chimie et Physique Photographique, Paul Montel, Paris (1967), GF Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry, The Focal Press, London (1966), VL Zelikman et al, Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion, The Focal Press, London (1966) from soluble silver salts and soluble halides.
- various methods e.g. P. Glafkides, Chimie et Physique Photographique, Paul Montel, Paris (1967), GF Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry, The Focal Press, London (1966), VL Zelikman et al, Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion, The Focal Press, London (1966) from soluble silver salts and soluble halides.
- the soluble salts are removed from the emulsion, for example by pasta and washing, by flaking and washing, by ultrafiltration or by ion exchangers.
- the silver halide emulsion is generally subjected to chemical sensitization under defined conditions - pH, pAg, temperature, gelatin, silver halide and sensitizer concentration - until the optimum sensitivity and fog are reached.
- the procedure is e.g. described by H. Frieser "The basics of photographic processes with silver halides" page 675-734, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (1968).
- Chemical sensitization can be carried out with the addition of compounds of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and / or compounds of the metals of subgroup VIII of the periodic table (for example gold, platinum, palladium, iridium) Nitrogen compounds (e.g. imidazoles, azaindenes) or spectral sensitizers (described, for example, by F. Hamer "The Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds", 1964, or Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition, vol. 18, pp. 431 ff. and Research Disclosure 17643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter III).
- Nitrogen compounds e.g. imidazoles, azaindenes
- spectral sensitizers described, for example, by F. Hamer "The Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds", 1964, or Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition, vol. 18, pp. 431 ff. and Research Disclosure 17643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter III).
- a reduction sensitization can be carried out with the addition of reducing agents (tin-II salts, amines, hydrazine derivatives, aminoboranes, silanes, formamidine sulfinic acid) using hydrogen, by means of low pAg (eg less than 5) and / or high pH (eg above 8) .
- reducing agents titanium-II salts, amines, hydrazine derivatives, aminoboranes, silanes, formamidine sulfinic acid
- the photographic emulsions may contain compounds to prevent fogging or to stabilize the photographic function during production, storage or photographic processing.
- Azaindenes are particularly suitable, preferably tetra- and penta-azaindenes, in particular those which are substituted by hydroxyl or amino groups. Such connections are for example from Birr, Z. Wiss. Phot. 47 (1952), pp. 2-58. Furthermore, salts of metals such as mercury or cadmium, aromatic sulfonic or sulfinic acids such as benzenesulfinic acid, or nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as nitrobenzimidazole, nitroindazole, optionally substituted benzotriazoles or benzothiazolium salts can be used as antifoggants.
- metals such as mercury or cadmium, aromatic sulfonic or sulfinic acids such as benzenesulfinic acid, or nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as nitrobenzimidazole, nitroindazole, optionally substituted benzotriazoles or benzothiazolium salts can be used as antifoggants.
- Heterocycles containing mercapto groups for example mercaptobenzthiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptotetrazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles, mercaptopyrimidines, are particularly suitable, these mercaptoazoles also being a water-solubilizing group, for example a carboxyl group or sulfo group, can contain.
- mercaptobenzthiazoles for example mercaptobenzthiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptotetrazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles, mercaptopyrimidines
- these mercaptoazoles also being a water-solubilizing group, for example a carboxyl group or sulfo group, can contain.
- Other suitable compounds are published in Research Disclosure 17643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter VI.
- the stabilizers can be added to the silver halide emulsions before, during or after their ripening.
- the compounds can also be added to other photographic layers which are assigned to a halogen silver layer.
- the photographic emulsion layers or other hydrophilic colloid layers of the light-sensitive material produced according to the invention can contain surface-active agents for various purposes, such as coating aids, to prevent electrical charging, to improve the sliding properties, to emulsify the dispersion, to prevent adhesion and to improve the photographic characteristics (eg acceleration of development, high contrast, sensitization etc.).
- surface-active agents for various purposes, such as coating aids, to prevent electrical charging, to improve the sliding properties, to emulsify the dispersion, to prevent adhesion and to improve the photographic characteristics (eg acceleration of development, high contrast, sensitization etc.).
- surface-active compounds e.g. Saponin
- non-ionic surfactants e.g. Alkylene oxide compounds, glycerin compounds or glycidol compounds
- cationic surfactants e.g.
- alkyl amines quaternary ammonium salts, pyridine compounds and other heterocyclic compounds, sulfonium compounds or phosphonium compounds, anionic surfactants containing an acid group, e.g. Carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, a phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid ester or phosphoric acid ester group, ampholytic surfactants, e.g. Amino acid and aminosulfonic acid compounds as well as sulfuric or phosphoric acid esters of an amino alcohol.
- an acid group e.g. Carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, a phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid ester or phosphoric acid ester group
- ampholytic surfactants e.g. Amino acid and aminosulfonic acid compounds as well as sulfuric or phosphoric acid esters of an amino alcohol.
- the photographic emulsions can be spectrally sensitized using methine dyes or other dyes.
- Particularly suitable dyes are cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes and complex merocyanine dyes.
- the differently sensitized emulsion layers are assigned non-diffusing monomeric or polymeric color couplers, which can be located in the same layer or in a layer adjacent to it.
- cyan couplers are assigned to the red-sensitive layers, purple couplers to the green-sensitive layers and yellow couplers to the blue-sensitive layers.
- Color couplers for producing the blue-green partial color image are usually couplers of the phenol or ⁇ -naphthol type.
- Color couplers for generating the purple partial color image are usually couplers of the pyrazolone or of the pyrazolotriazole type.
- Color couplers for producing the yellow partial color image are generally couplers of the acylacetanilide type.
- the color couplers can be 4-equivalent couplers, but also 2-equivalent couplers.
- the latter are derived from the 4-equivalent couplers in that they contain a substituent in the coupling point, which is split off during the coupling.
- the 2-equivalent couplers include those that are colorless, as well as those that have an intense intrinsic color that disappears when the color is coupled or is replaced by the color of the image dye produced (mask coupler), and the white couplers that react with color developer oxidation products yield essentially colorless products.
- the 2-equivalent couplers also include those couplers which contain a cleavable residue in the coupling site, which is released upon reaction with color developer oxidation products and thereby either directly or after one or more further groups have been cleaved from the primarily cleaved residue (e.g. DE-A-27 03 145, DE-A-28 55 697, DE-A-31 05 026, DE-A-33 19 428), a certain desired photographic effectiveness unfolds, e.g. as a development inhibitor or accelerator.
- Examples of such 2-equivalent couplers are the known DIR couplers as well as DAR and FAR couplers.
- DIR couplers which release development inhibitors of the azole type, for example triazoles and benzotriazoles, are described in DE-A-24 14 006, 26 10 546, 26 59 417, 27 54 281, 28 42 063, 36 26 219, 36 30 564, 36 36 824, 36 44 416. Further advantages for color reproduction, ie color separation and color purity, and for detail reproduction, ie sharpness and granularity, can be achieved with those DIR couplers which, for example, do not split off the development inhibitor directly as a result of coupling with an oxidized color developer, but only after one further follow-up reaction, which is achieved, for example, with a timing group.
- DIR couplers which release a development inhibitor which is decomposed into essentially photographically ineffective products in the developer bath are described, for example, in DE-A-32 09 486 and in EP-A-0 167 168 and 0 219 713. This measure ensures trouble-free development and processing consistency.
- the DIR couplers can be added to a wide variety of layers in a multilayer photographic material, e.g. also light-insensitive or intermediate layers. However, they are preferably added to the photosensitive silver halide emulsion layers, the characteristics of the silver halide emulsion, e.g. whose iodide content, the structure of the silver halide grains or their grain size distribution influence the photographic properties achieved.
- the influence of the inhibitors released can be limited, for example, by incorporating an inhibitor scavenger layer in accordance with DE-A-24 31 223. For reasons of reactivity or stability, it can be advantageous to use a DIR coupler which forms a color in the coupling in the respective layer in which it is introduced, which color differs from the color to be produced in this layer.
- DAR or FAR couplers can be used, which release a development accelerator or an fogger.
- Compounds of this type are, for example, in DE-A-25 34 466, 32 09 110, 33 33 355, 34 10 616, 34 29 545, 34 41 823, in EP-A-0 089 834, 0 110 511, 0 118 087 , 0 147 765 and in U.S.-A-4,618,572 and 4,656,123.
- DIR, DAR or FAR couplers mainly the effectiveness of the residue released during coupling is desired and the color-forming properties of these couplers are less important, such DIR, DAR or FAR couplers are also suitable, which give essentially colorless products on coupling (DE-A-15 47 640).
- the cleavable residue can also be a ballast residue, so that upon reaction with color developer oxidation products coupling products are obtained which are diffusible or at least have a weak or restricted mobility (US Pat. No. 4,420,556).
- the material may further contain compounds other than couplers, which can liberate, for example, a development inhibitor, a development accelerator, a bleaching accelerator, a developer, a silver halide solvent, a fogging agent or an antifoggant, for example so-called DIR hydroquinones and other compounds as described, for example, in US Pat US-A-4 636 546, 4 345 024, 4 684 604 and in DE-A-31 45 640, 25 15 213, 24 47 079 and in EP-A-198 438. These compounds perform the same function as the DIR, DAR or FAR couplers, except that they do not form coupling products.
- couplers can liberate, for example, a development inhibitor, a development accelerator, a bleaching accelerator, a developer, a silver halide solvent, a fogging agent or an antifoggant, for example so-called DIR hydroquinones and other compounds as described, for example, in US Pat US-A-4 636 546, 4 345 024, 4 684 60
- High molecular weight color couplers are described, for example, in DE-C-1 297 417, DE-A-24 07 569, DE-A-31 48 125, DE-A-32 17 200, DE-A-33 20 079, DE-A-33 24 932, DE-A-33 31 743, DE-A-33 40 376, EP-A-27 284, US-A-4 080 211.
- the high molecular weight color couplers are usually produced by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomeric color couplers. However, they can also be obtained by polyaddition or polycondensation.
- the couplers or other compounds can be incorporated into silver halide emulsion layers by first preparing a solution, a dispersion or an emulsion from the compound in question and then adding it to the casting solution for the layer in question.
- the selection of the suitable solvent or dispersion medium depends on the solubility of the compound.
- Hydrophobic compounds can also be introduced into the casting solution using high-boiling solvents, so-called oil formers. Corresponding methods are described for example in US-A-2 322 027, US-A-2 801 170, US-A-2 801 171 and EP-A-O 043 037.
- oligomers or polymers instead of the high-boiling solvents, oligomers or polymers, so-called polymeric oil formers, can be used.
- the compounds can also be introduced into the casting solution in the form of loaded latices.
- anionic water-soluble compounds e.g. dyes
- pickling polymers e.g. acrylic acid
- Suitable oil formers are e.g. Alkyl phthalates, phosphonic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, citric acid esters, benzoic acid esters, amides, fatty acid esters, trimesic acid esters, alcohols, phenols, aniline derivatives and hydrocarbons.
- oil formers are dibutylphthalate, dicyclohexylphthalate, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, decylphthalate, triphenylphosphate, tricresylphosphate, 2-ethylhexyldiphenylphosphate, tricyclohexylphosphate, tri-2-ethylhexylphosphate, tridecoxyphosphate, 2-ethylhexylphosphate, tridecoxyphosphate, 2-ethylhexylphosphate, , 2-ethylhexyl p-hydroxybenzoate, diethyldodecanamide, N-tetradecylpyrrolidone, isostearyl alcohol, 2,4-di-t-amylphenol, dioctylacelate, glycerol tributyrate, isostearyl lactate, trioctyl citrate, N, N-octoxy-5-butyl-2-butyl
- the non-light-sensitive intermediate layers which are generally arranged between layers of different spectral sensitivity, can contain agents which prevent undesired diffusion of developer oxidation products from one light-sensitive layer into another light-sensitive layer with different spectral sensitization.
- Suitable agents which are also called scavengers or EOP-catchers, are described in Research Disclosure 17 643 (Dec. 1978), chapters VII, 17 842 (Feb. 1979) and 18 716 (Nov. 1979), page 650 and in EP A-0 069 070, 0 098 072, 0 124 877, 0 125 522.
- sub-layers of the same spectral sensitization can differ with regard to their composition, in particular with regard to the type and amount of the silver halide grains.
- the sublayer with higher sensitivity will be located further away from the support than the sublayer with lower sensitivity.
- Partial layers of the same spectral sensitization can be adjacent to one another or through other layers, e.g. separated by layers of other spectral sensitization.
- all highly sensitive and all low-sensitive layers can be combined to form a layer package (DE-A-19 58 709, DE-A-25 30 645, DE-A-26 22 922).
- the photographic material can also contain UV light-absorbing compounds, whiteners, spacers, filter dyes, formalin scavengers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, D min dyes, additives to improve dye, coupler and white stabilization and to reduce the color fog, plasticizers (latices), Contain biocides and others.
- Ultraviolet absorbing couplers such as ⁇ -naphthol type cyan couplers
- ultraviolet absorbing polymers can also be used. These ultraviolet absorbents can be fixed in a special layer by pickling.
- Filter dyes suitable for visible light include oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes, styryl dyes, merocyanine dyes, cyanine dyes and azo dyes. Of these dyes, oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes and merocyanine dyes are used particularly advantageously.
- Suitable whiteners are e.g. in Research Disclosure 17,643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter V, in US-A-2,632,701, 3,269,840 and in GB-A-852,075 and 1,319,763.
- binder layers particularly the most distant layer from the support, but also occasionally intermediate layers, especially if they are the most distant layer during manufacture, may contain photographically inert particles of an inorganic or organic nature, e.g. as a matting agent or as a spacer (DE-A-33 31 542, DE-A-34 24 893, Research Disclosure 17 643, (Dec. 1978), Chapter XVI).
- photographically inert particles of an inorganic or organic nature e.g. as a matting agent or as a spacer (DE-A-33 31 542, DE-A-34 24 893, Research Disclosure 17 643, (Dec. 1978), Chapter XVI).
- the average particle diameter of the spacers is in particular in the range from 0.2 to 10 m.
- the spacers are water-insoluble and can be alkali-insoluble or alkali-soluble, the alkali-soluble ones generally being removed from the photographic material in the alkaline development bath.
- suitable polymers are polymethyl methacrylate, copolymers of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hexahydrophthalate.
- Additives to improve dye, coupler and whiteness stability and to reduce the color fog can belong to the following chemical substance classes: hydroquinones, 6-hydroxychromanes, 5-hydroxycoumarans, spirochromanes, spiroindanes , p-alkoxyphenols, sterically hindered phenols, gallic acid derivatives, methylenedioxybenzenes, aminophenols, sterically hindered amines, derivatives with esterified or etherified phenolic hydroxyl groups, metal complexes.
- the layers of the photographic material can be hardened with the usual hardening agents.
- Suitable curing agents are e.g. Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and similar aldehyde compounds, diacetyl, cyclopentadione and similar ketone compounds, bis (2-chloroethylurea), 2-hydroxy-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and other compounds containing reactive halogen (US A-3 288 775, US-A-2 732 303, GB-A-974 723 and GB-A-1 167 207), divinyl sulfone compounds, 5-acetyl-1,3-diacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine and other compounds containing a reactive olefin bond (US-A-3 635 718, US-A-3 232 763 and GB-A-994 869); N-hydroxymethylphthalimide and other N-methylol compounds (US-A-2
- the hardening can be effected in a known manner by adding the hardening agent to the casting solution for the layer to be hardened, or by overlaying the layer to be hardened with a layer which contains a diffusible hardening agent.
- Immediate hardeners are understood to mean compounds which crosslink suitable binders in such a way that the hardening is completed to such an extent immediately after casting, at the latest after 24 hours, preferably at the latest after 8 hours, that no further change in the sensitometry caused by the crosslinking reaction and the swelling of the layer structure occurs .
- the difference between the wet film thickness and dry film thickness during the aqueous processing of the Films understood (Photogr. Sci. Eng. 8 (1964), 275; Photogr. Sci. Eng. (1972), 449).
- hardening agents that react very quickly with gelatin are e.g. to carbamoylpyridinium salts, which are able to react with free carboxyl groups of the gelatin, so that the latter react with free amino groups of the gelatin to form peptide bonds and crosslink the gelatin.
- Color photographic negative materials are usually processed by developing, bleaching, fixing and washing or by developing, bleaching, fixing and stabilizing without subsequent washing, whereby bleaching and fixing can be combined into one processing step.
- All developer compounds which have the ability to react in the form of their oxidation product with color couplers to form azomethine or indophenol dyes can be used as the color developer compound.
- Suitable color developer compounds are aromatic compounds of the p-phenylenediamine type containing at least one primary amino group, for example N, N-dialkyl-p-phenylenediamines such as N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 1- (N-ethyl-N-methanesulfonamidoethyl) -3 -methyl-p-phenylenediamine, 1- (N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl-p-phenylenediamine and 1- (N-ethyl-N-methoxyethyl) -3-methyl-p-phenylenediamine.
- Other useful color developers are described, for example, in J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73 , 3106 (1951) and G. Haist, Modern Photographic Processing, 1979, John Wiley and Sons, New York, page 545 ff.
- Fe (III) salts and Fe (III) complex salts such as ferricyanides, dichromates, water-soluble cobalt complexes can be used as bleaching agents.
- Iron (III) complexes of aminopolycarboxylic acids in particular, for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, propylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, alkyliminodicarboxylic acids and corresponding phosphonic acids are particularly preferred.
- Persulphates and peroxides for example hydrogen peroxide, are also suitable as bleaching agents.
- the bleach-fixing bath or fixing bath is usually followed by washing, which is designed as countercurrent washing or consists of several tanks with their own water supply.
- the washing can be completely replaced by a stabilizing bath, which is usually carried out in countercurrent.
- this stabilizing bath also acts as a final bath.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein farbfotografisches Silberhalogenidmaterial mit korrigierten Differenzen der Kopierdichte der drei Farben, dessen Empfindlichkeit durch die Korrektur nicht vermindert ist.The invention relates to a color photographic silver halide material with corrected differences in the copy density of the three colors, the sensitivity of which is not reduced by the correction.
Trägt man in einem Diagramm die Farbdichte gegen die Belichtung eines farbfotografischen Materials, insbesondere eines Farbnegativfilms auf (log H gegen D mit
In der Praxis zeigen Farbnegativfilme im Zuge ihrer Herstellung Schwankungen hinsichtlich dieser Differenzen, die durch gezielte Zugabe von Filterfarbstoffen ausgeglichen werden. Da diese Filterfarbstoffe Licht absorbieren, senken sie die Empfindlichkeit des Materials, wenn sie über den lichtempfindlichen Schichten (vom Träger her gesehen) eingebracht werden. Man bemüht sich daher, diese Farbstoffe möglichst unter der untersten lichtempfindlichen Schicht einzusetzen, was allerdings dann nicht möglich ist, wenn die Abweichung von der geforderten Differenz erst bemerkt wird oder bemerkt werden kann, wenn bereits die ersten lichtempfindlichen Schichten gegossen sind.In practice, color negative films show fluctuations in the course of their production with regard to these differences, which are compensated for by the targeted addition of filter dyes. Because these filter dyes absorb light, they lower the sensitivity of the material when placed over the light-sensitive layers (as seen from the support). Efforts are therefore made to use these dyes as far as possible under the lowermost light-sensitive layer, but this is not possible if the deviation from the required difference is only noticed or can be noticed when the first light-sensitive layers have already been cast.
Daher geht die Differenzkorrektur der Kopierdichte eines farbfotografischen Materials mit einem Empfindlichkeitsverlust einher.Therefore, the difference correction of the copy density of a color photographic material is accompanied by a loss of sensitivity.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war, die Möglichkeit einer Differenzkorrektur der Farbdichte in einer Schicht, die über lichtempfindlichen Schichten, insbesondere über der obersten für grünes Licht spektral sensibilisierten Schicht, vorzugsweise über allen lichtempfindlichen Schichten eines farbfotografischen Materials, insbesondere eines Farbnegativfilms angeordnet ist, zu schaffen, die aber die Empfindlichkeit des Materials nicht schmälert.The object of the invention was to provide the possibility of a difference correction of the color density in a layer which is arranged over light-sensitive layers, in particular over the uppermost layer spectrally sensitized to green light, preferably over all light-sensitive layers of a color photographic material, in particular a color negative film but does not detract from the sensitivity of the material.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst werden kann, daß man einer solchen Schicht eine farblose Verbindung oder eine farblose Verbindungskombination zusetzt, die durch die Verarbeitungsbedingungen zu einer über die Gesamtfläche des Materials gleichmäßigen, geringen Farbdichte einer gewünschten Farbe führt.It has now been found that this object can be achieved by adding a colorless compound or a colorless compound combination to such a layer, which leads to a uniform, low color density of a desired color over the entire area of the material due to the processing conditions.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist dies die Leucoform (farblose Form) eines Farbstoffs, die durch die Bedingungen eines Verarbeitungsbades, insbesondere des Bleich- oder Bleichfixierbades in die Farbstofform überführt wird.In a preferred embodiment, this is the leuco form (colorless form) of a dye, which is converted into the dye form by the conditions of a processing bath, in particular the bleaching or bleach-fixing bath.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist dies die Kombination eines farblosen Farbkupplers, der mit dem Entwickleroxidationsprodukt zu einem Farbstoff der gewünschten Farbe und in der gewünschten Dichte kuppelt, und einer nicht spektral sensibilisierten, verschleierten Silberhalogenidemulsion.In a further preferred embodiment, this is the combination of a colorless color coupler, which couples with the developer oxidation product to a dye of the desired color and in the desired density, and a non-spectrally sensitized, fogged silver halide emulsion.
Als Farbkuppler können bevorzugt die im Material in den lichtempfindlichen Schichten verwendeten Farbkuppler eingesetzt werden. Es können auch Gemische mehrerer Kuppler eingesetzt werden, die zu gleichen, aber auch zu unterschiedlichen Farbstoffen kuppeln.The color couplers used in the material in the light-sensitive layers can preferably be used as color couplers. Mixtures of several couplers can also be used which couple to the same but also to different dyes.
Die verschleierte Silberhalogenidemulsion ist bevorzugt eine besonders feinkörnige Emulsion, insbesondere eine solche mit hohem Chloridgehalt, z.B. eine AgCl0,9-1Br0-0,1-Emulsion, deren Teilchen einen Durchmesser der volumengleichen Kugel von 0,05 bis 0,12 µm aufweisen.The veiled silver halide emulsion is preferably a particularly fine-grained emulsion, in particular one with a high chloride content, for example an AgCl 0.9-1 Br 0.1-0.1 emulsion, the particles of which have a diameter of the same volume of 0.05 to 0.12 μm exhibit.
Bevorzugt wird die Kombination in einer Schicht eingesetzt, die durch das Entwickler-Oxidationsprodukt der nächstbenachbarten lichtempfindlichen Schicht nicht erreicht wird und deren Entwickleroxidationsprodukt die nächst benachbarte lichtempfindliche Schicht nicht erreicht. Dies kann z.B. dadurch geschehen, daß zwischen diesen beiden Schichten eine Zwischenschicht vorgesehen ist, die erforderlichenfalls einen sogenannten EOP-Fänger, das heißt eine reduzierende Verbindung enthält.The combination is preferably used in a layer which is not reached by the developer oxidation product of the next neighboring photosensitive layer and whose developer oxidation product does not reach the next neighboring photosensitive layer. This can be done, for example, by providing an intermediate layer between these two layers if necessary contains a so-called EOP catcher, that is, a reducing compound.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kombination aus Kuppler und verschleierter Emulsion wird vorzugsweise in folgenden Mengen eingesetzt: 0,01 bis 0,08 mMol Kuppler/m2 und 0,2 bis 0,6 mMol Silberhalogenid/m2.The combination of coupler and veiled emulsion according to the invention is preferably used in the following amounts: 0.01 to 0.08 mmol coupler / m 2 and 0.2 to 0.6 mmol silver halide / m 2 .
Wird ein Leucofarbstoff verwendet, wird dieser in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 0,08 mMol/m2 eingesetzt.If a leuco dye is used, it is used in an amount of 0.01 to 0.08 mmol / m 2 .
Erfindungsgemäß sollen die durch die weitere Schicht erzeugten Farbdichten 0,01 bis 0,1 betragen.According to the invention, the color densities generated by the further layer should be 0.01 to 0.1.
Das erfindungsgemäße Material ist insbesonder ein farbfotografisches Silberhalogenidenmaterial mit einem Träger, wenigstens einer rotempfindlichen, wenigstens einen Blaugrünkuppler enthaltenden Silberhalogenidemulsionsschicht, wenigstens einer grünempfindlichen, wenigstens einer Purpurkuppler enthaltenden Silberhalogenidemulsionsschicht, wenigstens einer blauempfindlichen, wenigstens einer Gelbkuppler enthaltenen Silberhalogenidemulsionsschicht, wobei alle grünempfindlichen Silberhalogenidemulsionsschichten näher zum Träger angeordnet sind als alle blauempfindlichen Silberhalogenidemulsionsschichten und alle rotempfindlichen Silberhalogenidemulsionsschichten näher zum Träger angeordnet sind als alle grünempfindlichen Silberhalogenidemulsionsschichten. Zwischen den blau- und den grünempfindlichen Silberhalogenidemulsionsschichten befindet sich üblicherweise eine Gelbfilterschicht. Diese kann als wirksamen Bestandteil kolloidales Silber oder einen gelben Farbstoff enthalten, der entfärbbar oder auswässerbar sein muß. Solche Farbstoffe sind literaturbekannt.The material according to the invention is in particular a color photographic silver halide material with a support, at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one cyan coupler, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one magenta coupler, at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one yellow coupler, all of the green-sensitive silver halide layers being arranged closer to the green-sensitive silver halide layers are arranged as all blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers and all red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers closer to the support than all green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers. There is usually a yellow filter layer between the blue and green sensitive silver halide emulsion layers. This can contain colloidal silver or a yellow dye as an active ingredient, which must be decolorizable or washable. Such dyes are known from the literature.
Vorzugsweise enthält das Material 2 oder 3 blau-, grün- und rotempfindliche Schichten.The material preferably contains 2 or 3 blue, green and red sensitive layers.
Geeignete transparente Träger zur Herstellung farbfotografischer Materialien sind z.B. Filme und Folien von halbsynthetischen und synthetischen Polymeren, wie Cellulosenitrat, Celluloseacetat, Cellulosebutyrat, Polystyrol, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyethylenterephthalat, Polyethylennaphthalat und Polycarbonat. Diese Träger können auch zum Zwecke der Abschirmung von Licht schwarz gefärbt sein. Die Oberfläche des Trägers wird im allgemeinen einer Behandlung unterzogen, um die Adhäsion der fotografischen Emulsionsschicht zu verbessern, beispielsweise einer Corona-Entladung mit nachfolgendem Antrag einer Substratschicht. Die Rückseite des Trägers kann mit einer Magnetschicht und einer Antistatikschicht versehen sein.Suitable transparent supports for the production of color photographic materials are, for example, films and foils of semisynthetic and synthetic polymers, such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polycarbonate. These carriers can also be colored black for the purpose of shielding light. The surface of the support is generally subjected to a treatment in order to To improve the adhesion of the photographic emulsion layer, for example a corona discharge with subsequent application of a substrate layer. The back of the carrier can be provided with a magnetic layer and an antistatic layer.
Wesentliche Bestandteile der fotografischen Emulsionsschichten sind Bindemittel, Silberhalogenidkörnchen und Farbkuppler.Binding agents, silver halide grains and color couplers are essential components of the photographic emulsion layers.
Als Bindemittel wird vorzugsweise Gelatine verwendet. Diese kann jedoch ganz oder teilweise durch andere synthetische, halbsynthetische oder auch natürlich vorkommende Polymere ersetzt werden. Synthetische Gelatineersatzstoffe sind beispielsweise Polyvinylalkohol, Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidon, Polyacrylamide, Polyacrylsäure und deren Derivate, insbesondere deren Mischpolymerisate. Natürlich vorkommende Gelatineersatzstoffe sind beispielsweise andere Proteine wie Albumin oder Casein, Cellulose, Zucker, Stärke oder Alginate. Halbsynthetische Gelatineersatzstoffe sind in der Regel modifizierte Naturprodukte. Cellulosederivate wie Hydroxyalkylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose und Phthalylcellulose sowie Gelatinederivate, die durch Umsetzung mit Alkylierungs- oder Acylierungsmitteln oder durch Aufpfropfung von polymerisierbaren Monomeren erhalten worden sind, sind Beispiele hierfür.Gelatin is preferably used as the binder. However, this can be replaced in whole or in part by other synthetic, semi-synthetic or naturally occurring polymers. Synthetic gelatin substitutes are, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acid and their derivatives, in particular their copolymers. Naturally occurring gelatin substitutes are, for example, other proteins such as albumin or casein, cellulose, sugar, starch or alginates. Semi-synthetic gelatin substitutes are usually modified natural products. Cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyalkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and phthalyl cellulose and gelatin derivatives, which have been obtained by reaction with alkylating or acylating agents or by grafting on polymerizable monomers, are examples of this.
Die Bindemittel sollen über eine ausreichende Menge an funktionellen Gruppen verfügen, so daß durch Umsetzung mit geeigneten Härtungsmitteln genügend widerstandsfähige Schichten erzeugt werden können. Solche funktionellen Gruppen sind insbesondere Aminogruppen, aber auch Carboxylgruppen, Hydroxylgruppen und aktive Methylengruppen.The binders should have a sufficient amount of functional groups so that enough resistant layers can be produced by reaction with suitable hardening agents. Such functional groups are in particular amino groups, but also carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups and active methylene groups.
Die vorzugsweise verwendete Gelatine kann durch sauren oder alkalischen Aufschluß erhalten sein. Es kann auch oxidierte Gelatine verwendet werden. Die Herstellung solcher Gelatinen wird beispielsweise in The Science and Technology of Gelatine, herausgegeben von A.G. Ward und A. Courts, Academic Press 1977, Seite 295 ff beschrieben. Die jeweils eingesetzte Gelatine soll einen möglichst geringen Gehalt an fotografisch aktiven Verunreinigungen enthalten (Inertgelatine). Gelatinen mit hoher Viskosität und niedriger Quellung sind besonders vorteilhaft.The gelatin which is preferably used can be obtained by acidic or alkaline digestion. Oxidized gelatin can also be used. The production of such gelatins is described, for example, in The Science and Technology of Gelatine, published by A.G. Ward and A. Courts, Academic Press 1977, page 295 ff. The gelatin used in each case should contain the lowest possible level of photographically active impurities (inert gelatin). High viscosity, low swelling gelatins are particularly advantageous.
Das als lichtempfindlicher Bestandteil in dem fotografischen Material befindliche Silberhalogenid kann als Halogenid Chlorid, Bromid oder Iodid bzw. Mischungen davon enthalten. Beispielsweise kann der Halogenidanteil wenigstens einer Schicht zu 0 bis 15 mol-% aus Iodid, zu 0 bis 20 mol-% aus Chlorid und zu 65 bis 100 mol-% aus Bromid bestehen. Es kann sich um überwiegend kompakte Kristalle handeln, die z.B. regulär kubisch oder oktaedrisch sind oder Übergangsformen aufweisen können. Vorzugsweise können aber auch plättchenförmige Kristalle vorliegen, deren durchschnittliches Verhältnis von Durchmesser zu Dicke bevorzugt wenigstens 5:1 ist, wobei der Durchmesser eines Kornes definiert ist als der Durchmesser eines Kreises mit einem Kreisinhalt entsprechend der projizierten Fläche des Kornes. Die Schichten können aber auch tafelförmige Silberhalogenidkristalle aufweisen, bei denen das Verhältnis von Durchmesser zu Dicke wesentlich größer als 5:1 ist, z.B. 12:1 bis 30:1.The silver halide present as a light-sensitive component in the photographic material can be chloride, bromide or iodide or mixtures as the halide of which included. For example, the halide content of at least one layer can consist of 0 to 15 mol% of iodide, 0 to 20 mol% of chloride and 65 to 100 mol% of bromide. It can be predominantly compact crystals, which are, for example, regularly cubic or octahedral or can have transitional forms. However, platelet-shaped crystals may preferably also be present, the average ratio of diameter to thickness of which is preferably at least 5: 1, the diameter of a grain being defined as the diameter of a circle with a circle content corresponding to the projected area of the grain. However, the layers can also have tabular silver halide crystals in which the ratio of diameter to thickness is substantially greater than 5: 1, for example 12: 1 to 30: 1.
Die Silberhalogenidkörner können auch einen mehrfach geschichteten Kornaufbau aufweisen, im einfachsten Fall mit einem inneren und einem äußeren Kornbereich (core/shell), wobei die Halogenidzusammensetzung und/oder sonstige Modifizierungen, wie z.B. Dotierungen der einzelnen Kornbereiche unterschiedlich sind. Die mittlere Korngröße der Emulsionen liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,2 µm und 2,0 µm, die Korngrößenverteilung kann sowohl homo- als auch heterodispers sein. Homodisperse Korngrößenverteilung bedeutet, daß 95 % der Körner nicht mehr als ± 30% von der mittleren Korngröße abweichen. Die Emulsionen können neben dem Silberhalogenid auch organische Silbersalze enthalten, z.B. Silberbenztriazolat oder Silberbehenat.The silver halide grains can also have a multi-layered grain structure, in the simplest case with an inner and an outer grain area (core / shell), the halide composition and / or other modifications, such as e.g. Doping of the individual grain areas are different. The average grain size of the emulsions is preferably between 0.2 μm and 2.0 μm, the grain size distribution can be either homodisperse or heterodisperse. Homodisperse grain size distribution means that 95% of the grains do not deviate from the mean grain size by more than ± 30%. In addition to the silver halide, the emulsions can also contain organic silver salts, e.g. Silver benzotriazolate or silver behenate.
Es können zwei oder mehrere Arten von Silberhalogenidemulsionen, die getrennt hergestellt werden, als Mischung verwendet werden.Two or more kinds of silver halide emulsions, which are prepared separately, can be used as a mixture.
Die fotografischen Emulsionen können nach verschiedenen Methoden (z.B. P. Glafkides, Chimie et Physique Photographique, Paul Montel, Paris (1967), G.F. Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry, The Focal Press, London (1966), V.L. Zelikman et al, Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion, The Focal Press, London (1966) aus löslichen Silbersalzen und löslichen Halogeniden hergestellt werden.The photographic emulsions can be prepared using various methods (e.g. P. Glafkides, Chimie et Physique Photographique, Paul Montel, Paris (1967), GF Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry, The Focal Press, London (1966), VL Zelikman et al, Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion, The Focal Press, London (1966) from soluble silver salts and soluble halides.
Nach abgeschlossener Kristallbildung oder auch schon zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt werden die löslichen Salze aus der Emulsion entfernt, z.B. durch Nudeln und Waschen, durch Flocken und Waschen, durch Ultrafiltration oder durch Ionenaustauscher.After crystal formation has been completed or at an earlier point in time, the soluble salts are removed from the emulsion, for example by pasta and washing, by flaking and washing, by ultrafiltration or by ion exchangers.
Die Silberhalogenidemulsion wird im allgemeinen einer chemischen Sensibilisierung unter definierten Bedingungen - pH, pAg, Temperatur, Gelatine-, Silberhalogenid- und Sensibilisatorkonzentration - bis zum Erreichen des Empfindlichkeits- und Schleieroptimums unterworfen. Die Verfahrensweise ist z.B. bei H. Frieser "Die Grundlagen der Photographischen Prozesse mit Silberhalogeniden" Seite 675-734, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (1968) beschrieben.The silver halide emulsion is generally subjected to chemical sensitization under defined conditions - pH, pAg, temperature, gelatin, silver halide and sensitizer concentration - until the optimum sensitivity and fog are reached. The procedure is e.g. described by H. Frieser "The basics of photographic processes with silver halides" page 675-734, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (1968).
Dabei kann die chemische Sensibilisierung unter Zusatz von Verbindungen von Schwefel, Seien, Tellur und/oder Verbindungen der Metalle der VIII. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems (z.B. Gold, Platin, Palladium, Iridium) erfolgen, weiterhin können Thiocyanatverbindungen, oberflächenaktive Verbindungen, wie Thioether, heterocyclische Stickstoffverbindungen (z.B. Imidazole, Azaindene) oder auch spektrale Sensibilisatoren (beschrieben z.B. bei F. Hamer "The Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds", 1964, bzw. Ullmanns Encyclopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Bd. 18, S. 431 ff. und Research Disclosure 17643 (Dez. 1978), Kapitel III) zugegeben werden. Ersatzweise oder zusätzlich kann eine Reduktionssensibilisierung unter Zugabe von Reduktionsmitteln (Zinn-II-Salze, Amine, Hydrazinderivate, Aminoborane, Silane, Formamidinsulfinsäure) durch Wasserstoff, durch niedrigen pAg (z.B. kleiner 5) und/oder hohen pH (z.B. über 8) durchgeführt werden.Chemical sensitization can be carried out with the addition of compounds of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and / or compounds of the metals of subgroup VIII of the periodic table (for example gold, platinum, palladium, iridium) Nitrogen compounds (e.g. imidazoles, azaindenes) or spectral sensitizers (described, for example, by F. Hamer "The Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds", 1964, or Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition, vol. 18, pp. 431 ff. and Research Disclosure 17643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter III). As an alternative or in addition, a reduction sensitization can be carried out with the addition of reducing agents (tin-II salts, amines, hydrazine derivatives, aminoboranes, silanes, formamidine sulfinic acid) using hydrogen, by means of low pAg (eg less than 5) and / or high pH (eg above 8) .
Die fotografischen Emulsionen können Verbindungen zur Verhinderung der Schleierbildung oder zur Stabilisierung der fotografischen Funktion während der Produktion, der Lagerung oder der fotografischen Verarbeitung enthalten.The photographic emulsions may contain compounds to prevent fogging or to stabilize the photographic function during production, storage or photographic processing.
Besonders geeignet sind Azaindene, vorzugsweise Tetra-und Pentaazaindene, insbesondere solche, die mit Hydroxyl- oder Aminogruppen substituiert sind. Derartige Verbindungen sind z.B. von Birr, Z. Wiss. Phot. 47 (1952), S. 2-58 beschrieben worden. Weiter können als Antischleiermittel Salze von Metallen wie Quecksilber oder Cadmium, aromatische Sulfon- oder Sulfinsäuren wie Benzolsulfinsäure, oder stickstoffhaltige Heterocyclen wie Nitrobenzimidazol, Nitroindazol, gegebenenfalls substituierte Benztriazole oder Benzthiazoliumsalze eingesetzt werden. Besonders geeignet sind Mercaptogruppen enthaltende Heterocyclen, z.B. Mercaptobenzthiazole, Mercaptobenzimidazole, Mercaptotetrazole, Mercaptothiadiazole, Mercaptopyrimidine, wobei diese Mercaptoazole auch eine wasserlöslichmachende Gruppe, z.B. eine Carboxylgruppe oder Sulfogruppe, enthalten können. Weitere geeignete Verbindungen sind in Research Disclosure 17643 (Dez. 1978), Kapitel VI, veröffentlicht.Azaindenes are particularly suitable, preferably tetra- and penta-azaindenes, in particular those which are substituted by hydroxyl or amino groups. Such connections are for example from Birr, Z. Wiss. Phot. 47 (1952), pp. 2-58. Furthermore, salts of metals such as mercury or cadmium, aromatic sulfonic or sulfinic acids such as benzenesulfinic acid, or nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as nitrobenzimidazole, nitroindazole, optionally substituted benzotriazoles or benzothiazolium salts can be used as antifoggants. Heterocycles containing mercapto groups, for example mercaptobenzthiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptotetrazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles, mercaptopyrimidines, are particularly suitable, these mercaptoazoles also being a water-solubilizing group, for example a carboxyl group or sulfo group, can contain. Other suitable compounds are published in Research Disclosure 17643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter VI.
Die Stabilisatoren können den Silberhalogenidemulsionen vor, während oder nach deren Reifung zugesetzt werden. Selbstverständlich kann man die Verbindungen auch anderen fotografischen Schichten, die einer Halogensilberschicht zugeordnet sind, zusetzen.The stabilizers can be added to the silver halide emulsions before, during or after their ripening. Of course, the compounds can also be added to other photographic layers which are assigned to a halogen silver layer.
Es können auch Mischungen aus zwei oder mehreren der genannten Verbindungen eingesetzt werden.Mixtures of two or more of the compounds mentioned can also be used.
Die fotografischen Emulsionsschichten oder andere hydrophile Kolloidschichten des erfindungsgemäß hergestellten lichtempfindlichen Materials können oberflächenaktive Mittel für verschiedene Zwecke enthalten, wie Überzugshilfen, zur Verhinderung der elektrischen Aufladung, zur Verbesserung der Gleiteigenschaften, zum Emulgieren der Dispersion, zur Verhinderung der Adhäsion und zur Verbesserung der fotografischen Charakteristika (z.B. Entwicklungsbeschleunigung, hoher Kontrast, Sensibilisierung usw.). Neben natürlichen oberflächenaktiven Verbindungen, z.B. Saponin, finden hauptsächlich synthetische oberflächenaktive Verbindungen (Tenside) Verwendung: nichtionische Tenside, z.B. Alkylenoxidverbindungen, Glycerinverbindungen oder Glycidolverbindungen, kationische Tenside, z.B. höhere Alkylamine, quartäre Ammoniumsalze, Pyridinverbindungen und andere heterocyclische Verbindungen, Sulfoniumverbindungen oder Phosphoniumverbindungen, anionische Tenside, enthaltend eine Säuregruppe, z.B. Carbonsäure-, Sulfonsäure-, eine Phosphorsäure-, Schwefelsäureester- oder Phosphorsäureestergruppe, ampholytische Tenside, z.B. Aminosäure- und Aminosulfonsäureverbindungen sowie Schwefel- oder Phosphorsäureester eines Aminoalkohols.The photographic emulsion layers or other hydrophilic colloid layers of the light-sensitive material produced according to the invention can contain surface-active agents for various purposes, such as coating aids, to prevent electrical charging, to improve the sliding properties, to emulsify the dispersion, to prevent adhesion and to improve the photographic characteristics ( eg acceleration of development, high contrast, sensitization etc.). In addition to natural surface-active compounds, e.g. Saponin, mainly synthetic surface-active compounds (surfactants) are used: non-ionic surfactants, e.g. Alkylene oxide compounds, glycerin compounds or glycidol compounds, cationic surfactants, e.g. higher alkyl amines, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridine compounds and other heterocyclic compounds, sulfonium compounds or phosphonium compounds, anionic surfactants containing an acid group, e.g. Carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, a phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid ester or phosphoric acid ester group, ampholytic surfactants, e.g. Amino acid and aminosulfonic acid compounds as well as sulfuric or phosphoric acid esters of an amino alcohol.
Die fotografischen Emulsionen können unter Verwendung von Methinfarbstoffen oder anderen Farbstoffen spektral sensibilisiert werden. Besonders geeignete Farbstoffe sind Cyaninfarbstoffe, Merocyaninfarbstoffe und komplexe Merocyaninfarbstoffe.The photographic emulsions can be spectrally sensitized using methine dyes or other dyes. Particularly suitable dyes are cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes and complex merocyanine dyes.
Eine Übersicht über die als Spektralsensibilisatoren geeigneten Polymethinfarbstoffe, deren geeignete Kombinationen und supersensibilisierend wirkenden Kombinationen enthält Research Disclosure 17643 (Dez. 1978), Kapitel IV.Research Disclosure 17643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter IV, provides an overview of the polymethine dyes suitable as spectral sensitizers, their suitable combinations and combinations having a super-sensitizing effect.
Insbesondere sind die folgenden Farbstoffe - geordnet nach Spektralgebieten - geeignet:
- 1. als Rotsensibilisatoren
9-Ethylcarbocyanine mit Benzthiazol, Benzselenazol oder Naphthothiazol als basische Endgruppen, die in 5- und/oder 6-Stellung durch Halogen, Methyl, Methoxy, Carbalkoxy, Aryl substituiert sein können sowie 9-Ethylnaphthoxathia- bzw. -selencarbocyanine und 9-Ethylnaphthothiaoxa- bzw. - benzimidazocarbocyanine, vorausgesetzt, daß die Farbstoffe mindestens eine Sulfoalkylgruppe am heterocyclischen Stickstoff tragen. - 2. als Grünsensibilisatoren
9-Ethylcarbocyanine mit Benzoxazol, Naphthoxazol oder einem Benzoxazol und einem Benzthiazol als basische Endgruppen sowie Benzimidazocarbocyanine, die ebenfalls weiter substituiert sein können und ebenfalls mindestens eine Sulfoalkylgruppe am heterocyclischen Stickstoff enthalten müssen. - 3. als Blausensibilisatoren
symmetrische oder asymmetrische Benzimidazo-, Oxa-, Thia- oder Selenacyanine mit mindestens einer Sulfoalkylgruppe am heterocyclischen Stickstoff und gegebenenfalls weiteren Substituenten am aromatischen Kern, sowie Apomerocyanine mit einer Rhodaningruppe.
- 1. as red sensitizers
9-ethylcarbocyanines with benzthiazole, benzselenazole or naphthothiazole as basic end groups, which can be substituted in the 5- and / or 6-position by halogen, methyl, methoxy, carbalkoxy, aryl and 9-ethylnaphthoxathia or -selencarbocyanines and 9-ethylnaphthothiaoxa- or - benzimidazocarbocyanines, provided that the dyes carry at least one sulfoalkyl group on the heterocyclic nitrogen. - 2. as green sensitizers
9-ethyl carbocyanines with benzoxazole, naphthoxazole or a benzoxazole and a benzothiazole as basic end groups, and also benzimidazocarbocyanines, which may also be further substituted and must likewise contain at least one sulfoalkyl group on the heterocyclic nitrogen. - 3. as blue sensitizers
symmetrical or asymmetrical benzimidazo, oxa, thia or selenacyanines with at least one sulfoalkyl group on the heterocyclic nitrogen and optionally further substituents on the aromatic nucleus, and apomerocyanines with a rhodanine group.
Den unterschiedlich sensibilisierten Emulsionsschichten werden nicht diffundierende monomere oder polymere Farbkuppler zugeordnet, die sich in der gleichen Schicht oder in einer dazu benachbarten Schicht befinden können. Gewöhnlich werden den rotempfindlichen Schichten Blaugrünkuppler, den grünempfindlichen Schichten Purpurkuppler und den blauempfindlichen Schichten Gelbkuppler zugeordnet.The differently sensitized emulsion layers are assigned non-diffusing monomeric or polymeric color couplers, which can be located in the same layer or in a layer adjacent to it. Usually, cyan couplers are assigned to the red-sensitive layers, purple couplers to the green-sensitive layers and yellow couplers to the blue-sensitive layers.
Farbkuppler zur Erzeugung des blaugrünen Teilfarbenbildes sind in der Regel Kuppler vom Phenol- oder α-Naphtholtyp.Color couplers for producing the blue-green partial color image are usually couplers of the phenol or α-naphthol type.
Farbkuppler zur Erzeugung des purpurnen Teilfarbenbildes sind in der Regel Kuppler vom Pyrazolon- oder vom Pyrazolotriazoltyp.Color couplers for generating the purple partial color image are usually couplers of the pyrazolone or of the pyrazolotriazole type.
Farbkuppler zur Erzeugung des gelben Teilfarbenbildes sind in der Regel Kuppler vom Typ der Acylacetanilide.Color couplers for producing the yellow partial color image are generally couplers of the acylacetanilide type.
Bei den Farbkupplern kann es sich um 4-Äquivalentkuppler, aber auch um 2-Äquivalentkuppler handeln. Letztere leiten sich von den 4-Äquivalentkupplern dadurch ab, daß sie in der Kupplungsstelle einen Substituenten enthalten, der bei der Kupplung abgespalten wird. Zu den 2-Äquivalentkupplern sind solche zu rechnen, die farblos sind, als auch solche, die eine intensive Eigenfarbe aufweisen, die bei der Farbkupplung verschwindet bzw. durch die Farbe des erzeugten Bildfarbstoffes ersetzt wird (Maskenkuppler), und die Weißkuppler, die bei Reaktion mit Farbentwickleroxidationsprodukten im wesentlichen farblose Produkte ergeben. Zu den 2-Äquivalentkupplern sind ferner solche Kuppler zu rechnen, die in der Kupplungsstelle einen abspaltbaren Rest enthalten, der bei Reaktion mit Farbentwickleroxidationsprodukten in Freiheit gesetzt wird und dabei entweder direkt oder nachdem aus dem primär abgespaltenen Rest eine oder mehrere weitere Gruppen abgespalten worden sind (z.B. DE-A-27 03 145, DE-A-28 55 697, DE-A-31 05 026, DE-A-33 19 428), eine bestimmte erwünschte fotografische Wirksamkeit entfaltet, z.B. als Entwicklungsinhibitor oder -accelerator. Beispiele für solche 2-Äquivalentkuppler sind die bekannten DIR-Kuppler wie auch DAR- bzw. FAR-Kuppler.The color couplers can be 4-equivalent couplers, but also 2-equivalent couplers. The latter are derived from the 4-equivalent couplers in that they contain a substituent in the coupling point, which is split off during the coupling. The 2-equivalent couplers include those that are colorless, as well as those that have an intense intrinsic color that disappears when the color is coupled or is replaced by the color of the image dye produced (mask coupler), and the white couplers that react with color developer oxidation products yield essentially colorless products. The 2-equivalent couplers also include those couplers which contain a cleavable residue in the coupling site, which is released upon reaction with color developer oxidation products and thereby either directly or after one or more further groups have been cleaved from the primarily cleaved residue ( e.g. DE-A-27 03 145, DE-A-28 55 697, DE-A-31 05 026, DE-A-33 19 428), a certain desired photographic effectiveness unfolds, e.g. as a development inhibitor or accelerator. Examples of such 2-equivalent couplers are the known DIR couplers as well as DAR and FAR couplers.
DIR-Kuppler, die Entwicklungsinhibitoren vom Azoltyp, z.B. Triazole und Benzotriazole freisetzen, sind in DE-A-24 14 006, 26 10 546, 26 59 417, 27 54 281,28 42 063, 36 26 219, 36 30 564, 36 36 824, 36 44 416 beschrieben. Weitere Vorteile für die Farbwiedergabe, d.h. Farbtrennung und Farbreinheit, und für die Detailwiedergabe, d.h. Schärfe und Körnigkeit, sind mit solchen DIR-Kupplern zu erzielen, die z.B. den Entwicklungsinhibitor nicht unmittelbar als Folge der Kupplung mit einem oxidierten Farbentwickler abspalten, sondern erst nach einer weiteren Folgereaktion, die beispielsweise mit einer Zeitsteuergruppe erreicht wird. Beispiele dafür sind in DE-A-28 55 697, 32 99 671, 38 18 231, 35 18 797, in EP-A-0 157 146 und 0 204 175, in US-A-4 146 396 und 4 438 393 sowie in GB-A-2 072 363 beschrieben.DIR couplers which release development inhibitors of the azole type, for example triazoles and benzotriazoles, are described in DE-A-24 14 006, 26 10 546, 26 59 417, 27 54 281, 28 42 063, 36 26 219, 36 30 564, 36 36 824, 36 44 416. Further advantages for color reproduction, ie color separation and color purity, and for detail reproduction, ie sharpness and granularity, can be achieved with those DIR couplers which, for example, do not split off the development inhibitor directly as a result of coupling with an oxidized color developer, but only after one further follow-up reaction, which is achieved, for example, with a timing group. Examples of these are in DE-A-28 55 697, 32 99 671, 38 18 231, 35 18 797, in EP-A-0 157 146 and 0 204 175, in US-A-4 146 396 and 4 438 393 as well in GB-A-2 072 363.
DIR-Kuppler, die einen Entwicklungsinhibitor freisetzen, der im Entwicklerbad zu im wesentlichen fotografisch unwirksamen Produkten zersetzt wird, sind beispielsweise in DE-A-32 09 486 und in EP-A-0 167 168 und 0 219 713 beschrieben. Mit dieser Maßnahme wird eine störungsfreie Entwicklung und Verarbeitungskonstanz erreicht.DIR couplers which release a development inhibitor which is decomposed into essentially photographically ineffective products in the developer bath are described, for example, in DE-A-32 09 486 and in EP-A-0 167 168 and 0 219 713. This measure ensures trouble-free development and processing consistency.
Bei Einsatz von DIR-Kupplern, insbesondere von solchen, die einen gut diffundierbaren Entwicklungsinhibitor abspalten, lassen sich durch geeignete Maßnahmen bei der optischen Sensibilisierung Verbesserungen der Farbwiedergabe, z.B. eine differenziertere Farbwiedergabe, erzielen, wie beispielsweise in EP-A-0 115 304, 0 167 173, GB-A-2 165 058, DE-A-37 00 419 und US-A-4 707 436 beschrieben.When using DIR couplers, in particular those which release a well-diffusible development inhibitor, improvements in color rendering, e.g. achieve a more differentiated color rendering, as described, for example, in EP-A-0 115 304, 0 167 173, GB-A-2 165 058, DE-A-37 00 419 and US-A-4 707 436.
Die DIR-Kuppler können in einem mehrschichtigen fotografischen Material den unterschiedlichsten Schichten zugesetzt werden, z.B. auch lichtunempfindlichen oder Zwischenschichten. Vorzugsweise werden sie jedoch den lichtempfindlichen Silberhalogenidemulsionsschichten zugesetzt, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften der Silberhalogenidemulsion, z.B. deren Iodidgehalt, die Struktur der Silberhalogenidkörner oder deren Korngrößenverteilung von Einfluß auf die erzielten fotografischen Eigenschaften sind. Der Einfluß der freigesetzten Inhibitoren kann beispielsweise durch den Einbau einer Inhibitorfängerschicht gemäß DE-A-24 31 223 begrenzt werden. Aus Gründen der Reaktivität oder Stabilität kann es vorteilhaft sein, einen DIR-Kuppler einzusetzen, der in der jeweiligen Schicht, in der er eingebracht ist, eine von der in dieser Schicht zu erzeugenden Farbe abweichende Farbe bei der Kupplung bildet.The DIR couplers can be added to a wide variety of layers in a multilayer photographic material, e.g. also light-insensitive or intermediate layers. However, they are preferably added to the photosensitive silver halide emulsion layers, the characteristics of the silver halide emulsion, e.g. whose iodide content, the structure of the silver halide grains or their grain size distribution influence the photographic properties achieved. The influence of the inhibitors released can be limited, for example, by incorporating an inhibitor scavenger layer in accordance with DE-A-24 31 223. For reasons of reactivity or stability, it can be advantageous to use a DIR coupler which forms a color in the coupling in the respective layer in which it is introduced, which color differs from the color to be produced in this layer.
Zur Steigerung der Empfindlichkeit, des Kontrastes und der maximalen Dichte können vor allem DAR- bzw. FAR-Kuppler eingesetzt werden, die einen Entwicklungsbeschleuniger oder ein Schleiermittel abspalten. Verbindungen dieser Art sind beispielsweise in DE-A-25 34 466, 32 09 110, 33 33 355, 34 10 616, 34 29 545, 34 41 823, in EP-A-0 089 834, 0 110 511, 0 118 087, 0 147 765 und in US-A-4 618 572 und 4 656 123 beschrieben.To increase the sensitivity, the contrast and the maximum density, DAR or FAR couplers can be used, which release a development accelerator or an fogger. Compounds of this type are, for example, in DE-A-25 34 466, 32 09 110, 33 33 355, 34 10 616, 34 29 545, 34 41 823, in EP-A-0 089 834, 0 110 511, 0 118 087 , 0 147 765 and in U.S.-A-4,618,572 and 4,656,123.
Als Beispiel für den Einsatz von BAR-Kuppler (Bleach Accelerator Releasing Coupler) wird auf EP-A-193 389 verwiesen.As an example of the use of BAR couplers (Bleach Accelerator Releasing Coupler), reference is made to EP-A-193 389.
Es kann vorteilhaft sein, die Wirkung einer aus einem Kuppler abgespaltenen fotografisch wirksamen Gruppe dadurch zu modifizieren, daß eine intermolekulare Reaktion dieser Gruppe nach ihrer Freisetzung mit einer anderen Gruppe gemäß DE-A-35 06 805 eintritt.It can be advantageous to modify the effect of a photographically active group which is split off from a coupler in that an intermolecular reaction of this group occurs after its release with another group according to DE-A-35 06 805.
Da bei den DIR-, DAR- bzw. FAR-Kupplern hauptsächlich die Wirksamkeit des bei der Kupplung freigesetzten Restes erwünscht ist und es weniger auf die farbbildenden Eigenschaften dieser Kuppler ankommt, sind auch solche DIR-, DAR- bzw. FAR-Kuppler geeignet, die bei der Kupplung im wesentlichen farblose Produkte ergeben (DE-A- 15 47 640).Since with DIR, DAR or FAR couplers mainly the effectiveness of the residue released during coupling is desired and the color-forming properties of these couplers are less important, such DIR, DAR or FAR couplers are also suitable, which give essentially colorless products on coupling (DE-A-15 47 640).
Der abspaltbare Rest kann auch ein Ballastrest sein, so daß bei der Reaktion mit Farbentwickleroxidationsprodukten Kupplungsprodukte erhalten werden, die diffusionsfähig sind oder zumindest eine schwache bzw. eingeschränkte Beweglichkeit aufweisen (US-A-4 420 556).The cleavable residue can also be a ballast residue, so that upon reaction with color developer oxidation products coupling products are obtained which are diffusible or at least have a weak or restricted mobility (US Pat. No. 4,420,556).
Das Material kann weiterhin von Kupplern verschiedene Verbindungen enthalten, die beispielsweise einen Entwicklungsinhibitor, einen Entwicklungsbeschleuniger, einen Bleichbeschleuniger, einen Entwickler, ein Silberhalogenidlösungsmittel, ein Schleiermittel oder ein Antischleiermittel in Freiheit setzen können, beispielsweise sogenannte DIR-Hydrochinone und andere Verbindungen, wie sie beispielsweise in US-A-4 636 546, 4 345 024, 4 684 604 und in DE-A-31 45 640, 25 15 213, 24 47 079 und in EP-A-198 438 beschrieben sind. Diese Verbindungen erfüllen die gleiche Funktion wie die DIR-, DAR- oder FAR-Kuppler, außer daß sie keine Kupplungsprodukte bilden.The material may further contain compounds other than couplers, which can liberate, for example, a development inhibitor, a development accelerator, a bleaching accelerator, a developer, a silver halide solvent, a fogging agent or an antifoggant, for example so-called DIR hydroquinones and other compounds as described, for example, in US Pat US-A-4 636 546, 4 345 024, 4 684 604 and in DE-A-31 45 640, 25 15 213, 24 47 079 and in EP-A-198 438. These compounds perform the same function as the DIR, DAR or FAR couplers, except that they do not form coupling products.
Hochmolekulare Farbkuppler sind beispielsweise in DE-C-1 297 417, DE-A-24 07 569, DE-A-31 48 125, DE-A-32 17 200, DE-A-33 20 079, DE-A-33 24 932, DE-A-33 31 743, DE-A-33 40 376, EP-A-27 284, US-A-4 080 211 beschrieben. Die hochmolekularen Farbkuppler werden in der Regel durch Polymerisation von ethylenisch ungesättigten monomeren Farbkupplern hergestellt. Sie können aber auch durch Polyaddition oder Polykondensation erhalten werden.High molecular weight color couplers are described, for example, in DE-C-1 297 417, DE-A-24 07 569, DE-A-31 48 125, DE-A-32 17 200, DE-A-33 20 079, DE-A-33 24 932, DE-A-33 31 743, DE-A-33 40 376, EP-A-27 284, US-A-4 080 211. The high molecular weight color couplers are usually produced by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomeric color couplers. However, they can also be obtained by polyaddition or polycondensation.
Die Einarbeitung der Kuppler oder anderer Verbindungen in Silberhalogenidemulsionsschichten kann in der Weise erfolgen, daß zunächst von der betreffenden Verbindung eine Lösung, eine Dispersion oder eine Emulsion hergestellt und dann der Gießlösung für die betreffende Schicht zugefügt wird. Die Auswahl des geeigneten Lösungs- oder Dispersionsmittels hängt von der jeweiligen Löslichkeit der Verbindung ab.The couplers or other compounds can be incorporated into silver halide emulsion layers by first preparing a solution, a dispersion or an emulsion from the compound in question and then adding it to the casting solution for the layer in question. The selection of the suitable solvent or dispersion medium depends on the solubility of the compound.
Methoden zum Einbringen von in Wasser im wesentlichen unlöslichen Verbindungen durch Mahlverfahren sind beispielsweise in DE-A-26 09 741 und DE-A-26 09 742 beschrieben.Methods for introducing compounds which are essentially insoluble in water by grinding processes are described, for example, in DE-A-26 09 741 and DE-A-26 09 742.
Hydrophobe Verbindungen können auch unter Verwendung von hochsiedenden Lösungsmitteln, sogenannten Ölbildnern, in die Gießlösung eingebracht werden. Entsprechende Methoden sind beispielsweise in US-A-2 322 027, US-A-2 801 170, US-A-2 801 171 und EP-A-O 043 037 beschrieben.Hydrophobic compounds can also be introduced into the casting solution using high-boiling solvents, so-called oil formers. Corresponding methods are described for example in US-A-2 322 027, US-A-2 801 170, US-A-2 801 171 and EP-A-O 043 037.
Anstelle der hochsiedenden Lösungsmitteln können Oligomere oder Polymere, sogenannte polymere Ölbildner Verwendung finden.Instead of the high-boiling solvents, oligomers or polymers, so-called polymeric oil formers, can be used.
Die Verbindungen können auch in Form beladener Latices in die Gießlösung eingebracht werden. Verwiesen wird beispielsweise auf DE-A-25 41 230, DE-A-25 41 274, DE-A-28 35 856, EP-A-O 014 921, EP-A-0 069 671, EP-A-O 130 115, US-A-4 291 113.The compounds can also be introduced into the casting solution in the form of loaded latices. Reference is made, for example, to DE-A-25 41 230, DE-A-25 41 274, DE-A-28 35 856, EP-AO 014 921, EP-A-0 069 671, EP-AO 130 115, US Pat. A-4 291 113.
Die diffusionsfeste Einlagerung anionischer wasserlöslicher Verbindungen (z.B. von Farbstoffen) kann auch mit Hilfe von kationischen Polymeren, sogenannten Beizenpolymeren erfolgen.The diffusion-resistant incorporation of anionic water-soluble compounds (e.g. dyes) can also be carried out with the help of cationic polymers, so-called pickling polymers.
Geeignete Ölbildner sind z.B. Phthalsäurealkylester, Phosphonsäureester, Phosphorsäureester, Citronensäureester, Benzoesäureester, Amide, Fettsäureester, Trimesinsäureester, Alkohole, Phenole, Anilinderivate und Kohlenwasserstoffe.Suitable oil formers are e.g. Alkyl phthalates, phosphonic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, citric acid esters, benzoic acid esters, amides, fatty acid esters, trimesic acid esters, alcohols, phenols, aniline derivatives and hydrocarbons.
Beispiele für geeignete Ölbildner sind Dibutylphthalat, Dicyclohexylphthalat, Di-2-ethylhexylphthalat, Decylphthalat, Triphenylphosphat, Tricresylphosphat, 2-Ethylhexyldiphenylphosphat, Tricyclohexylphosphat, Tri-2-ethylhexylphosphat, Tridecylphosphat, Tributoxyethylphosphat, Trichlorpropylphosphat, Di-2-ethylhexylphenylphosphat, 2-Ethylhexylbenzoat, Dodecylbenzoat, 2-Ethylhexyl-p-hydroxybenzoat, Diethyldodecanamid, N-Tetradecylpyrrolidon, Isostearylalkohol, 2,4-Di-t-amylphenol, Dioctylacelat, Glycerintributyrat, Isostearyllactat, Trioctylcitrat, N,N-Dibutyl-2-butoxy-5-t-octylanilin, Paraffin, Dodecylbenzol und Diisopropylnaphthalin.Examples of suitable oil formers are dibutylphthalate, dicyclohexylphthalate, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, decylphthalate, triphenylphosphate, tricresylphosphate, 2-ethylhexyldiphenylphosphate, tricyclohexylphosphate, tri-2-ethylhexylphosphate, tridecoxyphosphate, 2-ethylhexylphosphate, tridecoxyphosphate, 2-ethylhexylphosphate, , 2-ethylhexyl p-hydroxybenzoate, diethyldodecanamide, N-tetradecylpyrrolidone, isostearyl alcohol, 2,4-di-t-amylphenol, dioctylacelate, glycerol tributyrate, isostearyl lactate, trioctyl citrate, N, N-octoxy-5-butyl-2-butyl , Paraffin, dodecylbenzene and diisopropylnaphthalene.
Die in der Regel zwischen Schichten unterschiedlicher Spektralempfindlichkeit angeordneten nicht lichtempfindlichen Zwischenschichten können Mittel enthalten, die eine unerwünschte Diffusion von Entwickleroxidationsprodukten aus einer lichtempfindlichen in eine andere lichtempfindliche Schicht mit unterschiedlicher spektraler Sensibilisierung verhindern.The non-light-sensitive intermediate layers, which are generally arranged between layers of different spectral sensitivity, can contain agents which prevent undesired diffusion of developer oxidation products from one light-sensitive layer into another light-sensitive layer with different spectral sensitization.
Geeignete Mittel, die auch Scavenger oder EOP-Fänger genannt werden, werden in Research Disclosure 17 643 (Dez. 1978), Kapitel VII, 17 842 (Feb. 1979) und 18 716 (Nov. 1979), Seite 650 sowie in EP-A-0 069 070, 0 098 072, 0 124 877, 0 125 522 beschrieben.Suitable agents, which are also called scavengers or EOP-catchers, are described in Research Disclosure 17 643 (Dec. 1978), chapters VII, 17 842 (Feb. 1979) and 18 716 (Nov. 1979), page 650 and in EP A-0 069 070, 0 098 072, 0 124 877, 0 125 522.
Liegen mehrere Teilschichten gleicher spektraler Sensibilisierung vor, so können sich diese hinsichtlich ihrer Zusammensetzung, insbesondere was Art und Menge der Silberhalogenidkörnchen betrifft unterscheiden. Im allgemeinen wird die Teilschicht mit höherer Empfindlichkeit von Träger entfernter angeordnet sein als die Teilschicht mit geringerer Empfindlichkeit. Teilschichten gleicher spektraler Sensibilisierung können zueinander benachbart oder durch andere Schichten, z.B. durch Schichten anderer spektraler Sensibilisierung getrennt sein. So können z.B. alle hochempfindlichen und alle niedrigempfindlichen Schichten jeweils zu einem Schichtpaket zusammengefaßt sein (DE-A-19 58 709, DE-A-25 30 645, DE-A-26 22 922).If there are several sub-layers of the same spectral sensitization, these can differ with regard to their composition, in particular with regard to the type and amount of the silver halide grains. In general, the sublayer with higher sensitivity will be located further away from the support than the sublayer with lower sensitivity. Partial layers of the same spectral sensitization can be adjacent to one another or through other layers, e.g. separated by layers of other spectral sensitization. For example, all highly sensitive and all low-sensitive layers can be combined to form a layer package (DE-A-19 58 709, DE-A-25 30 645, DE-A-26 22 922).
Das fotografische Material kann weiterhin UV-Licht absorbierende Verbindungen, Weißtöner, Abstandshalter, Filterfarbstoffe, Formalinfänger, Lichtschutzmittel, Antioxidantien, DMin-Farbstoffe, Zusätze zur Verbesserung der Farbstoff-, Kuppler- und Weißenstabilisierung sowie zur Verringerung des Farbschleiers, Weichmacher (Latices), Biocide und anderes enthalten.The photographic material can also contain UV light-absorbing compounds, whiteners, spacers, filter dyes, formalin scavengers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, D min dyes, additives to improve dye, coupler and white stabilization and to reduce the color fog, plasticizers (latices), Contain biocides and others.
Es können auch ultraviolettabsorbierende Kuppler (wie Blaugrünkuppler des α-Naphtholtyps) und ultraviolettabsorbierende Polymere verwendet werden. Diese Ultraviolettabsorbentien können durch Beizen in einer speziellen Schicht fixiert sein.Ultraviolet absorbing couplers (such as α-naphthol type cyan couplers) and ultraviolet absorbing polymers can also be used. These ultraviolet absorbents can be fixed in a special layer by pickling.
Für sichtbares Licht geeignete Filterfarbstoffe umfassen Oxonolfarbstoffe, Hemioxonolfarbstoffe, Styrylfarbstoffe, Merocyaninfarbstoffe, Cyaninfarbstoffe und Azofarbstoffe. Von diesen Farbstoffen werden Oxonolfarbstoffe, Hemioxonolfarbstoffe und Merocyaninfarbstoffe besonders vorteilhaft verwendet.Filter dyes suitable for visible light include oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes, styryl dyes, merocyanine dyes, cyanine dyes and azo dyes. Of these dyes, oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes and merocyanine dyes are used particularly advantageously.
Geeignete Weißtöner sind z.B. in Research Disclosure 17 643 (Dez. 1978), Kapitel V, in US-A-2 632 701, 3 269 840 und in GB-A-852 075 und 1 319 763 beschrieben.Suitable whiteners are e.g. in Research Disclosure 17,643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter V, in US-A-2,632,701, 3,269,840 and in GB-A-852,075 and 1,319,763.
Bestimmte Bindemittelschichten, insbesondere die vom Träger am weitesten entfernte Schicht, aber auch gelegentlich Zwischenschichten, insbesondere, wenn sie wahrend der Herstellung die vom Träger am weitesten entfernte Schicht darstellen, können fotografisch inerte Teilchen anorganischer oder organischer Natur enthalten, z.B. als Mattierungsmittel oder als Abstandshalter (DE-A-33 31 542, DE-A-34 24 893, Research Disclosure 17 643, (Dez. 1978), Kapitel XVI).Certain binder layers, particularly the most distant layer from the support, but also occasionally intermediate layers, especially if they are the most distant layer during manufacture, may contain photographically inert particles of an inorganic or organic nature, e.g. as a matting agent or as a spacer (DE-A-33 31 542, DE-A-34 24 893, Research Disclosure 17 643, (Dec. 1978), Chapter XVI).
Der mittlere Teilchendurchmesser der Abstandshalter liegt insbesondere im Bereich von 0,2 bis 10 m. Die Abstandshalter sind wasserunlöslich und können alkaliunlöslich oder alkalilöslich sein, wobei die alkalilöslicheri im allgemeinen im alkalischen Entwicklungsbad aus dem fotografischen Material entfernt werden. Beispiele für geeignete Polymere sind Polymethylmethacrylat, Copolymere aus Acrylsäure und Methylmethacrylat sowie Hydroxypropylmethylcellulosehexahydrophthalat.The average particle diameter of the spacers is in particular in the range from 0.2 to 10 m. The spacers are water-insoluble and can be alkali-insoluble or alkali-soluble, the alkali-soluble ones generally being removed from the photographic material in the alkaline development bath. Examples of suitable polymers are polymethyl methacrylate, copolymers of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hexahydrophthalate.
Zusätze zur Verbesserung der Farbstoff-, Kuppler- und Weißenstabilität sowie zur Verringerung des Farbschleiers (Research Disclosure 17 643 (Dez. 1978), Kapitel VII) können den folgenden chemischen Stoftklassen angehören: Hydrochinone, 6-Hydroxychromane, 5-Hydroxycumarane, Spirochromane, Spiroindane, p-Alkoxyphenole, sterische gehinderte Phenole, Gallussäurederivate, Methylendioxybenzole, Aminophenole, sterisch gehinderte Amine, Derivate mit veresterten oder verätherten phenolischen Hydroxylgruppen, Metallkomplexe.Additives to improve dye, coupler and whiteness stability and to reduce the color fog (Research Disclosure 17 643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter VII) can belong to the following chemical substance classes: hydroquinones, 6-hydroxychromanes, 5-hydroxycoumarans, spirochromanes, spiroindanes , p-alkoxyphenols, sterically hindered phenols, gallic acid derivatives, methylenedioxybenzenes, aminophenols, sterically hindered amines, derivatives with esterified or etherified phenolic hydroxyl groups, metal complexes.
Verbindungen, die sowohl eine sterisch gehinderte Amin-Partialstruktur als auch eine sterisch gehinderte Phenol-Partialstruktur in einem Molekül aufweisen (US-A-4 268 593), sind besonders wirksam zur Verhinderung der Beeinträchtigung von gelben Farbbildern als Folge der Entwicklung von Wärme, Feuchtigkeit und Licht. Um die Beeinträchtigung von purpurroten Farbbildern, insbesondere ihre Beeinträchtigung als Folge der Einwirkung von Licht, zu verhindern, sind Spiroindane (JP-A-159 644/81) und Chromane, die durch Hydrochinondiether oder -monoether substituiert sind (JP-A-89 835/80) besonders wirksam.Compounds that have both a hindered amine partial structure and a hindered phenol partial structure in one molecule (US-A-4,268,593) are particularly effective in preventing the deterioration of yellow color images due to the development of heat, moisture and light. In order to prevent the deterioration of magenta color images, in particular their impairment as a result of exposure to light, spiroindanes (JP-A-159 644/81) and chromanes which are substituted by hydroquinone diethers or monoethers (JP-A-89 835 / 80) particularly effective.
Die Schichten des fotografischen Materials können mit den üblichen Härtungsmitteln gehärtet werden. Geeignete Härtungsmittel sind z.B. Formaldehyd, Glutaraldehyd und ähnliche Aldehydverbindungen, Diacetyl, Cyclopentadion und ähnliche Ketonverbindungen, Bis-(2-chlorethylharnstoff), 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dichlor-1,3,5-triazin und andere Verbindungen, die reaktives Halogen enthalten (US-A-3 288 775, US-A-2 732 303, GB-A-974 723 und GB-A-1 167 207), Divinylsulfonverbindungen, 5-Acetyl-1,3-diacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazin und andere Verbindungen, die eine reaktive Olefinbindung enthalten (US-A-3 635 718, US-A-3 232 763 und GB-A-994 869); N-Hydroxymethylphthalimid und andere N-Methylolverbindungen (US-A-2 732 316 und US-A-2 586 168); Isocyanate (US-A-3 103 437); Aziridinverbindungen (US-A-3 017 280 und US-A-2 983 611); Säurederivate (US-A-2 725 294 und US-A-2 725 295); Verbindungen vom Carbodiimidtyp (US-A-3 100 704); Carbamoylpyridiniumsalze (DE-A-22 25 230 und DE-A-24 39 551); Carbamoyloxypyridiniumverbindungen (DE-A-24 08 814); Verbindungen mit einer Phosphor-Halogen-Bindung (JP-A-113 929/83); N-Carbonyloximid-Verbindungen (JP-A-43353/81); N-Sulfonyloximido-Verbindungen (US-A-4 111 926), Dihydrochinolinverbindungen (US-A-4 013 468), 2-Sulfonyloxypyridiniumsalze (JP-A-110 762/81), Formamidiniumsalze (EP-A-0 162 308), Verbindungen mit zwei oder mehr N-Acyloximino-Gruppen (US-A-4 052 373), Epoxyverbindungen (US-A-3 091 537), Verbindungen vom Isoxazoltyp (US-A-3 321 313 und US-A-3 543 292); Halogencarboxyaldehyde, wie Mucochlorsäure; Dioxanderivate, wie Dihydroxydioxan und Di-chlordioxan; und anorganische Härter, wie Chromalaun und Zirkonsulfat.The layers of the photographic material can be hardened with the usual hardening agents. Suitable curing agents are e.g. Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and similar aldehyde compounds, diacetyl, cyclopentadione and similar ketone compounds, bis (2-chloroethylurea), 2-hydroxy-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and other compounds containing reactive halogen (US A-3 288 775, US-A-2 732 303, GB-A-974 723 and GB-A-1 167 207), divinyl sulfone compounds, 5-acetyl-1,3-diacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine and other compounds containing a reactive olefin bond (US-A-3 635 718, US-A-3 232 763 and GB-A-994 869); N-hydroxymethylphthalimide and other N-methylol compounds (US-A-2 732 316 and US-A-2 586 168); Isocyanates (US-A-3 103 437); Aziridine compounds (US-A-3 017 280 and US-A-2 983 611); Acid derivatives (US-A-2 725 294 and US-A-2 725 295); Carbodiimide type compounds (US-A-3 100 704); Carbamoylpyridinium salts (DE-A-22 25 230 and DE-A-24 39 551); Carbamoyloxypyridinium compounds (DE-A-24 08 814); Compounds with a phosphorus-halogen bond (JP-A-113 929/83); N-carbonyloximide compounds (JP-A-43353/81); N-sulfonyloximido compounds (US-A-4 111 926), dihydroquinoline compounds (US-A-4 013 468), 2-sulfonyloxypyridinium salts (JP-A-110 762/81), formamidinium salts (EP-A-0 162 308) , Compounds having two or more N-acyloximino groups (US-A-4 052 373), epoxy compounds (US-A-3 091 537), isoxazole-type compounds (US-A-3 321 313 and US-A-3 543 292); Halocarboxyaldehydes such as mucochloric acid; Dioxane derivatives such as dihydroxydioxane and di-chlorodioxane; and inorganic hardeners such as chrome alum and zirconium sulfate.
Die Härtung kann in bekannter Weise dadurch bewirkt werden, daß das Härtungsmittel der Gießlösung für die zu härtende Schicht zugesetzt wird, oder dadurch, daß die zu härtende Schicht mit einer Schicht überschichtet wird, die ein diffusionsfähiges Härtungsmittel enthält.The hardening can be effected in a known manner by adding the hardening agent to the casting solution for the layer to be hardened, or by overlaying the layer to be hardened with a layer which contains a diffusible hardening agent.
Unter den aufgeführten Klassen gibt es langsam wirkende und schnell wirkende Härtungsmittel sowie sogenannte Soforthärter, die besonders vorteilhaft sind. Unter Soforthärtern werden Verbindungen verstanden, die geeignete Bindemittel so vernetzen, daß unmittelbar nach Beguß, spätestens nach 24 Stunden, vorzugsweise spätestens nach 8 Stunden die Härtung so weit abgeschlossen ist, daß keine weitere durch die Vernetzungsreaktion bedingte Änderung der Sensitometrie und der Quellung des Schichtverbandes auftritt. Unter Quellung wird die Differenz von Naßschichtdicke und Trockenschichtdicke bei der wäßrigen Verarbeitung des Films verstanden (Photogr. Sci. Eng. 8 (1964), 275; Photogr. Sci. Eng. (1972), 449).There are slow-acting and fast-acting hardeners and so-called instant hardeners, which are particularly advantageous, in the classes listed. Immediate hardeners are understood to mean compounds which crosslink suitable binders in such a way that the hardening is completed to such an extent immediately after casting, at the latest after 24 hours, preferably at the latest after 8 hours, that no further change in the sensitometry caused by the crosslinking reaction and the swelling of the layer structure occurs . The difference between the wet film thickness and dry film thickness during the aqueous processing of the Films understood (Photogr. Sci. Eng. 8 (1964), 275; Photogr. Sci. Eng. (1972), 449).
Bei diesen mit Gelatine sehr schnell reagierenden Härtungsmitteln handelt es sich z.B. um Carbamoylpyridiniumsalze, die mit freien Carboxylgruppen der Gelatine zu reagieren vermögen, so daß letztere mit freien Aminogruppen der Gelatine unter Ausbildung von Peptidbindungen und Vernetzung der Gelatine reagieren.These hardening agents that react very quickly with gelatin are e.g. to carbamoylpyridinium salts, which are able to react with free carboxyl groups of the gelatin, so that the latter react with free amino groups of the gelatin to form peptide bonds and crosslink the gelatin.
Farbfotografische Negativmaterialien werden üblicherweise durch Entwickeln, Bleichen, Fixieren und Wässern oder durch Entwickeln, Bleichen, Fixieren und Stabilisieren ohne nachfolgende Wässerung verarbeitet, wobei Bleichen und Fixieren zu einem Verarbeitungsschritt zusammengefaßt sein können. Als Farbentwicklerverbindung lassen sich sämtliche Entwicklerverbindungen verwenden, die die Fähigkeit besitzen, in Form ihres Oxidationsproduktes mit Farbkupplern zu Azomethin- bzw. Indophenolfarbstoffen zu reagieren. Geeignete Farbentwicklerverbindungen sind aromatische, mindestens eine primäre Aminogruppe enthaltende Verbindungen vom p-Phenylendiamintyp, beispielsweise N,N-Dialkyl-p-phenylendiamine wie N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylendiamin, 1-(N-Ethyl-N-methansulfonamidoethyl)-3-methyl-p-phenylendiamin, 1-(N-Ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-p-phenylendiamin und 1-(N-Ethyl-N-methoxyethyl)-3-methyl-p-phenylendiamin. Weitere brauchbare Farbentwickler sind beispielsweise in J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73, 3106 (1951) und G. Haist, Modern Photographic Processing, 1979, John Wiley and Sons, New York, Seite 545 ff. beschrieben.Color photographic negative materials are usually processed by developing, bleaching, fixing and washing or by developing, bleaching, fixing and stabilizing without subsequent washing, whereby bleaching and fixing can be combined into one processing step. All developer compounds which have the ability to react in the form of their oxidation product with color couplers to form azomethine or indophenol dyes can be used as the color developer compound. Suitable color developer compounds are aromatic compounds of the p-phenylenediamine type containing at least one primary amino group, for example N, N-dialkyl-p-phenylenediamines such as N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 1- (N-ethyl-N-methanesulfonamidoethyl) -3 -methyl-p-phenylenediamine, 1- (N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl-p-phenylenediamine and 1- (N-ethyl-N-methoxyethyl) -3-methyl-p-phenylenediamine. Other useful color developers are described, for example, in J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73 , 3106 (1951) and G. Haist, Modern Photographic Processing, 1979, John Wiley and Sons, New York, page 545 ff.
Nach der Farbentwicklung kann ein saures Stoppbad oder eine Wässerung folgen.After the color development, an acidic stop bath or watering can follow.
Üblicherweise wird das Material unmittelbar nach der Farbentwicklung gebleicht und fixiert. Als Bleichmittel können z.B. Fe(III)-Salze und Fe(III)-Komplexsalze wie Ferricyanide, Dichromate, wasserlösliche Kobaltkomplexe verwendet werden. Besonders bevorzugt sind Eisen-(III)Komplexe von Aminopolycarbonsäuren, insbesondere z.B. von Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure, Propylendiamintetraessigsäure, Diethylentriaminpentaessigsäure, Nitrilotriessigsäure, Iminodiessigsäure, N-Hydroxyethyl-ethylendiamintriessigsäure, Alkyliminodicarbonsäuren und von entsprechenden Phosphonsäuren. Geeignet als Bleichmittel sind weiterhin Persulfate und Peroxide, z.B. Wasserstoffperoxid.Usually the material is bleached and fixed immediately after color development. For example, Fe (III) salts and Fe (III) complex salts such as ferricyanides, dichromates, water-soluble cobalt complexes can be used as bleaching agents. Iron (III) complexes of aminopolycarboxylic acids, in particular, for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, propylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, alkyliminodicarboxylic acids and corresponding phosphonic acids are particularly preferred. Persulphates and peroxides, for example hydrogen peroxide, are also suitable as bleaching agents.
Auf das Bleichfixierbad oder Fixierbad folgt meist eine Wässerung, die als Gegenstromwässerung ausgeführt ist oder aus mehreren Tanks mit eigener Wasserzufuhr besteht.The bleach-fixing bath or fixing bath is usually followed by washing, which is designed as countercurrent washing or consists of several tanks with their own water supply.
Günstige Ergebnisse können bei Verwendung eines darauf folgenden Schlußbades, das keinen oder nur wenig Formaldehyd enthält, erhalten werden.Favorable results can be obtained using a subsequent final bath which contains little or no formaldehyde.
Die Wässerung kann aber durch ein Stabilisierbad vollständig ersetzt werden, das üblicherweise im Gegenstrom geführt wird. Dieses Stabilisierbad übernimmt bei Formaldehydzusatz auch die Funktion eines Schlußbades.However, the washing can be completely replaced by a stabilizing bath, which is usually carried out in countercurrent. When formaldehyde is added, this stabilizing bath also acts as a final bath.
Ein farbfotografisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial für die Colornegativfarbentwicklung wurde hergestellt (Schichtaufbau 1A), indem auf einen transparenten Schichtträger aus Cellulosetriacetat die folgenden Schichten in der angegebenen Reihenfolge aufgetragen wurden. Die Mengenangaben beziehen sich jeweils auf 1 m2. Für den Silberhalogenidauftrag werden die entsprechenden Mengen AgNO3 angegeben; die Silberhalogenide werden mit 0,5 g 4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazainden pro Mol AgNO3 stabilisiert.
- 1. Schicht (Antihalo-Schicht)
0,3 g schwarzes kolloidales Silber
1,2 g Gelatine
0,4 g UV-Absorber UV 1
0,02 g Trikresylphosphat (TKP) - 2. Schicht (Zwischenschicht)
1,0 g Gelatine - 3. Schicht (niedrigrotempfindliche Schicht)
2,7 g AgNO3 einer spektral rotsensibilisierten Ag(Br,J)-Emulsion mit 4 Mol-% Iodid, mittlerer Korndurchmesser 0,5 µm
2,0 g Gelatine
0,88 g farbloser Kuppler C1
0,02 g DIR-Kuppler D1
0,05 g farbiger Kuppler RC-1
0,07 g farbiger Kuppler YC-1
0,75 g TKP - 4. Schicht (hoch-rotempfindliche Schicht)
2,2 g AgNO3 der spektral rotsensibilisierten Ag(Br,J)-Emulsion, 12 Mol-% Iodid, mittlerer Korndurchmesser 1,0 µm,
1,8 g Gelatine
0,19 g farbloser Kuppler C 2
0,17 g TKP - 5. Schicht (Zwischenschicht)
0,4 g Gelatine
0,15 g Weißkuppler W-1
0,06 g Aluminiumsalz der Aurintricarbonsäure - 6. Schicht (niedrig-grünempfindliche Schicht)
1,9 g AgNO3 einer spektral grunsensibilisierten Ag(Br,J)-Emulsion, 4 Mol-% Iodid, mittlerer Korndurchmesser 0,35 µm
1,8 g Gelatine
0,54 g farbloser Kuppler M-1
0,24 g DIR-Kuppler D-1
0,065 g farbiger Kuppler YM-1
0,6 g TKP - 7. Schicht (hoch-grünempfindliche Schicht)
1,25 g AgNO3 einer spektral grünsensibilisierten Ag(Br,J)-Emulsion, 9 Mol-% Iodid, mittlerer Korndurchmesser 0,8 µm,
1,1 g Gelatine
0,195 g farbloser Kuppler M-2 0,05 g farbiger Kuppler YM-2
0,245 g TKP - 8. Schicht (Gelbfilterschicht)
0,09 g gelbes kolloidales Silber
0,25 g Gelatine
0,08 g Scavenger SC1
0,40 g Formaldehydfänger FF-1
0,08 g TKP - 9. Schicht (niedrig-blauempfindliche Schicht)
0,9 g einer spektral blausensibilisierten Ag(Br,J)-Emulsion, 6 Mol-% Iodid, mittlerer Korndurchmesser 0,6 µm
2,2 g Gelatine
1,1 g farbloser Kuppler Y-1
0,037 g DIR-Kuppler D-1
1,14 g TKP - 10. Schicht (hoch-blauempfindliche Schicht)
0,6 g AgNO3 einer spektral blausensibilisierten Ag(Br,J)-Emulsion, 10 Mol-% Iodid, mittlerer Korndurchmesser 1,2 µm,
0,6 g Gelatine
0,2 g farbloser Kuppler Y-1
0,003 g DIR-Kuppler D-1
0,22 g TKP - 11. Schicht (Zwischenschicht)
0,5 g Gelatine - 12. Schicht (Mikrat-Schicht)
0,06 g AgNO3 einer Mikrat-Ag(Br,J)-Emulsion, mittlerer Korndurchmesser 0,06 µm,
0,5 Mol-% Iodid,
1 g Gelatine
0,3 g UV-Absorber UV-2
0,3 g TKP - 13. Schicht (Schutz- und Härtungsschicht)
0,25 g Gelatine
0,75 g Härtungsmittel der Formel
- 1st layer (antihalo layer)
0.3 g black colloidal silver
1.2 g gelatin
0.4 g UV absorber UV 1
0.02 g tricresyl phosphate (CPM) - 2nd layer (intermediate layer )
1.0 g gelatin - 3rd layer (low red sensitive layer)
2.7 g AgNO 3 of a spectrally red-sensitized Ag (Br, J) emulsion with 4 mol% iodide, average grain diameter 0.5 µm
2.0 g gelatin
0.88 g colorless coupler C1
0.02 g DIR coupler D1
0.05 g colored RC-1 coupler
0.07 g colored coupler YC-1
0.75 g CPM - 4th layer (highly red-sensitive layer)
2.2 g AgNO 3 of the spectrally red-sensitized Ag (Br, J) emulsion, 12 mol% iodide, average grain diameter 1.0 µm,
1.8 g gelatin
0.19 g of colorless coupler C 2
0.17 g CPM - 5th layer (intermediate layer )
0.4 g gelatin
0.15 g white coupler W-1
0.06 g of aluminum salt of aurintricarboxylic acid - 6th layer (low green sensitive layer)
1.9 g AgNO 3 of a spectrally green-sensitized Ag (Br, J) emulsion, 4 mol% iodide, average grain diameter 0.35 µm
1.8 g gelatin
0.54 g of colorless coupler M-1
0.24 g DIR coupler D-1
0.065 g colored coupler YM-1
0.6 g CPM - 7th layer (highly green-sensitive layer)
1.25 g AgNO 3 of a spectrally green-sensitized Ag (Br, J) emulsion, 9 mol% iodide, average grain diameter 0.8 µm,
1.1 g gelatin
0.195 g colorless coupler M-2 0.05 g colored coupler YM-2
0.245 g CPM - 8th layer (yellow filter layer )
0.09 g of yellow colloidal silver
0.25 g gelatin
0.08 g Scavenger SC1
0.40 g formaldehyde scavenger FF-1
0.08 g CPM - 9th layer (low blue-sensitive layer)
0.9 g of a spectrally blue-sensitized Ag (Br, J) emulsion, 6 mol% iodide, average grain diameter 0.6 µm
2.2 g gelatin
1.1 g of colorless coupler Y-1
0.037 g DIR coupler D-1
1.14 g CPM - 10th layer (highly blue-sensitive layer)
0.6 g AgNO 3 of a spectrally blue-sensitized Ag (Br, J) emulsion, 10 mol% iodide, average grain diameter 1.2 µm,
0.6 g gelatin
0.2 g colorless coupler Y-1
0.003 g DIR coupler D-1
0.22 g CPM - 11th layer (intermediate layer )
0.5 g gelatin - 12th layer (Mikrat layer)
0.06 g AgNO 3 of a Mikrat-Ag (Br, J) emulsion, average grain diameter 0.06 µm,
0.5 mol% iodide,
1 g gelatin
0.3 g UV absorber UV-2
0.3 g CPM - 13th layer (protective and hardening layer )
0.25 g gelatin
0.75 g of curing agent of the formula
Im Beispiel 1 verwendete Substanzen:
Das so hergestellte Material wurde bildmäßig belichtet und nach einem Color-Negativ-Verfahren verarbeitet, das im "The Britisch Journal of Photography" 1974, Seiten 597 und 598 beschrieben ist. Farbdichten, Empfindlichkeit und Schleier sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle aufgeführt.Substances used in example 1:
The material thus produced was exposed imagewise and processed using a color negative process, which is described in "The Britisch Journal of Photography" 1974, pages 597 and 598. Color densities, sensitivity and fog are listed in the table below.
Es wurden Schichtaufbauten gemäß Beispiel 1 hergestellt, die sich aber in der 12. Schicht wie folgt unterschieden:Layer structures according to Example 1 were produced, but differed as follows in the 12th layer:
- ZusätzlichIn addition
-
0,04 g Kuppler C-1
0,04 g TKP0.04 g coupler C-1
0.04 g CPM
- ZusätzlichIn addition
- 0,05 g AgNO3 einer verschleierten AgClBr-Emulsion mit 8 Mol-% AgBr, mittlerer Korndurchmesser 0,1 µm, nicht spektral sensibilisiert0.05 g AgNO 3 of a veiled AgClBr emulsion with 8 mol% AgBr, average grain diameter 0.1 µm, not spectrally sensitized
- ZusätzlichIn addition
-
0,05 g AgNO3 der in Beispiel 3 genannten Emulsion
0,04 g Kuppler C-1
0,04 g TKP0.05 g AgNO 3 of the emulsion mentioned in Example 3
0.04 g coupler C-1
0.04 g CPM
- ZusätzlichIn addition
-
0,05 g AgNO3 der in Beispiel 3 genannten Emulsion
0,04 g Kuppler M-2
0,04 g TKP0.05 g AgNO 3 of the emulsion mentioned in Example 3
0.04 g coupler M-2
0.04 g CPM
- ZusätzlichIn addition
-
0,05 g AgNO3 der in Beispiel 3 genannten Emulsion
0,04 g Kuppler Y-1
0,04 g TKP0.05 g AgNO 3 of the emulsion mentioned in Example 3
0.04 g coupler Y-1
0.04 g CPM
Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 dargestellt.
gb = Gelb; pp = Purpur; bg = Blaugrün
gb = yellow; pp = purple; bg = teal
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4444867A DE4444867A1 (en) | 1994-12-16 | 1994-12-16 | Color photographic silver halide material |
DE4444867 | 1994-12-16 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0722117A2 true EP0722117A2 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
EP0722117A3 EP0722117A3 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
EP0722117B1 EP0722117B1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
Family
ID=6535991
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95119066A Expired - Lifetime EP0722117B1 (en) | 1994-12-16 | 1995-12-04 | Silver halide colour photographic material |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5679504A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0722117B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4444867A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6593042B1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Expansion of color gamut for silver halide media |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2328014A1 (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1974-12-19 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Colour photographic material with automatic masking - using fogged emulsion contg. mask-forming coupler |
DE2421068A1 (en) * | 1974-05-02 | 1975-11-13 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | LIGHT SENSITIVE COLOR PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL |
EP0263984A2 (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-04-20 | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) | Imaging element containing dye masking coupler |
EP0326160A2 (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-02 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic material |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2411105C3 (en) * | 1974-03-08 | 1982-01-14 | Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Process for making color photographic images |
-
1994
- 1994-12-16 DE DE4444867A patent/DE4444867A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-12-04 EP EP95119066A patent/EP0722117B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-04 DE DE59509131T patent/DE59509131D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-06 US US08/567,913 patent/US5679504A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2328014A1 (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1974-12-19 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Colour photographic material with automatic masking - using fogged emulsion contg. mask-forming coupler |
DE2421068A1 (en) * | 1974-05-02 | 1975-11-13 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | LIGHT SENSITIVE COLOR PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL |
EP0263984A2 (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-04-20 | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) | Imaging element containing dye masking coupler |
EP0326160A2 (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-02 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5679504A (en) | 1997-10-21 |
EP0722117B1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
EP0722117A3 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
DE4444867A1 (en) | 1996-06-20 |
DE59509131D1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0358071B1 (en) | Photographic-recording material | |
EP0351588B1 (en) | Colour-photographic recording material | |
EP0515873B1 (en) | Color photographic recording material | |
EP0652474B1 (en) | Colour photographic recording material | |
EP0413204A2 (en) | Colour photographic silver halide material | |
EP0377889B1 (en) | Silver halide recording material | |
EP0697624B1 (en) | Colour photographic recording material | |
EP0722117B1 (en) | Silver halide colour photographic material | |
EP0369235B1 (en) | Photographic-recording material | |
EP0550907B1 (en) | Photographic recording material | |
EP0377181A2 (en) | Colour-photographic material | |
EP0616256B1 (en) | Colour photographic recording material | |
EP0631183A1 (en) | Color photographic recording material | |
EP0363820A2 (en) | Silver halide colour-photographic material | |
EP0709731A2 (en) | Color photographic silverhalide material | |
EP0437818B1 (en) | Colour photographic recording material | |
EP0554756B1 (en) | Color photographic recording material | |
EP0546416A1 (en) | Colour-photographic recording material | |
EP0355568B1 (en) | Preparation of a silver halide emulsion | |
EP0447657B1 (en) | Photographic recording material | |
DE4027373A1 (en) | COLOR PHOTOGRAPHIC COLOR COUPLING RECORD MATERIAL | |
EP0504692B1 (en) | Color reversal photographic film | |
DE3838467A1 (en) | Photographic recording material | |
EP0564909A1 (en) | Process for the production of a photographic image | |
DE3833387A1 (en) | COLOR PHOTOGRAPHIC SILVER HALOGENIDE MATERIAL |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19970912 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19980814 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: AGFA-GEVAERT N.V. |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20010328 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59509131 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20010503 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20010607 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20011105 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20011107 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20011108 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011231 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: AGFA-GEVAERT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: AGFA-GEVAERT N.V. Effective date: 20011231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021204 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030701 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030901 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |