EP0631032A1 - Whole front face tunneling machine - Google Patents

Whole front face tunneling machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0631032A1
EP0631032A1 EP94401323A EP94401323A EP0631032A1 EP 0631032 A1 EP0631032 A1 EP 0631032A1 EP 94401323 A EP94401323 A EP 94401323A EP 94401323 A EP94401323 A EP 94401323A EP 0631032 A1 EP0631032 A1 EP 0631032A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shield
tunneling machine
flap
machine according
gallery
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Granted
Application number
EP94401323A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0631032B1 (en
Inventor
Coccinelle La
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LA COCCINELLE
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
    • E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a full section frontal tunnel boring machine.
  • tunnel boring machine cannot be effectively used in soil for which it was not intended, or even in soil whose structure varies along the gallery to be dug.
  • known tunnel boring machines do not allow to easily observe the cutting face of the gallery, nor to accurately assess the quantity of cuttings produced, and therefore to permanently check the state of the cutting face and the progress from the gallery.
  • full section shield TBMs it is not easy to adjust the cutting angle of the felling tools, for example according to the changes in soil structure along the gallery.
  • the aim of the present invention is to overcome in particular the drawbacks of the prior art set out above.
  • the subject of the invention is, on the one hand, a tunnel boring machine for the digging of galleries in the ground, and of the type comprising a substantially cylindrical body, one of the ends of which, called the front, defines opposite a working face of the gallery, a peripheral cutter inside which a shield felling is rotatably mounted, this shield which is provided with a plurality of tools capable of digging in said front, being integral with a rotary drive mechanism, a device for moving the body according to the advance of the gallery, as well as a cuttings evacuation system by the other end of the so-called rear body, characterized in that the shield comprises at least one flap capable of pivoting around a radial axis of the body and on which one or several tools are arranged so that the angle of inclination of these tools can be adjusted relative to the longitudinal direction of the body under the effect of the pivoting of the shutter about its axis.
  • the subject of the invention is a tunnel boring machine of the type explained above, but characterized in that the shield has at least one opening which opens facing the face of the waist and which can be closed at least partially by a flap capable of pivoting. about a radial axis of the body under the effect of one or more jacks or the like, so that the area of said opening in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the body, can be adjusted, even during rotation of the shield.
  • the shield is constituted by at least three flaps integral in rotation with a central shaft of the body and each capable of pivoting between an open state where substantially only the edge of this flap is facing the face of the waist, and a state of obturation in which the shield isolates the interior of the body preferably hermetically, from the face.
  • each flap is mounted on the body by means of three joints, two of which are aligned nearby of the working face constitute the aforementioned pivot axis, while the third which has the shape of a pivot sliding along a radius of the body, is secured to an element which can slide in the aforementioned longitudinal direction, under the effect of cylinders or the like, between a position corresponding to the open state and a position corresponding to the shield shutter state.
  • the central shaft has a central front part of tapered shape and provided with at least one tool, this front part which is oriented towards the front of the body projecting outwards, from the peripheral cutting edge.
  • the aforementioned front part it is advantageous for the aforementioned front part to be slidably mounted and displaceable using a jack or the like, along the longitudinal axis of the body.
  • the internal envelope of the body can comprise at least two independently pressurizable zones and connected by an airlock.
  • the body comprises, at its rear end, means for relocating the tunnel boring machine with respect to a predetermined trajectory provided for the gallery.
  • the reference sign T designates an apparatus or "tunnel boring machine", provided for digging in the ground S galleries such as that which is designated in G.
  • the boring machine T is what the a tunnel boring machine of the type with a full face or a full section felling shield is commonly called.
  • the tunnel boring machine T comprises a body 1 of substantially cylindrical shape and whose cross section, that is to say along a plane perpendicular to its longitudinal axis XX ′, is almost identical to the section of the gallery or tunnel G which is produced in the ground S.
  • the section of this gallery G can be modified and in particular enlarged, using any equipment or tools which follow the tunnel boring machine T as it advances in the sol S.
  • the progression or advance in the ground of the tunnel boring machine T is carried out from left to right, as indicated by the arrow A.
  • the orientation in the ground of the advance or advance A of the boring machine T corresponds to a trajectory planned for gallery G, and which is at least in the straight sections of this gallery G, substantially parallel or tangent to the axis XX ′.
  • the body 1 comprises on the one hand an end 11 called "front”, and on the other hand an end 12 called "rear" .
  • the front end 11 comes opposite and in contact with a face of size F of the gallery G, that is to say of a surface of the ground S substantially perpendicular X-X ', and from which material (earth, stones, rocks, ...) must be torn off to advance the tunnel boring machine T along A.
  • Such a lifting operation is, in the case of a tunnel boring machine with at least a full face, called slaughter.
  • slaughter a tunnel boring machine with at least a full face
  • the working face F progresses along A
  • the tunnel boring machine T follows this progression, moving to continue digging the gallery G.
  • shoring elements commonly called “segments” such as those which are designated at B in FIG. 1 and which often consist of precast concrete elements and installed by hydraulic thrust or concreted as and when measurement of the advance in the case of galleries with a large section, are placed behind the rear end 12 of the body 1 in the gallery G, to consolidate it.
  • slaughter carried out by the tunnel boring machine T generates a certain amount of cuttings, that is to say of materials torn from the front F, and that these cuttings must be removed using an appropriate system outside the gallery G, by the rear end 12 of the body 1.
  • the periphery of the body 1 defines, at its front end 11, a peripheral cutting edge 110 inside which a felling shield 130 is rotatably mounted.
  • the shield 130 of the tunnel boring machine T is mounted in the body 1 so as to be able to rotate around an axis substantially parallel to XX ′, and preferably coincident with the latter.
  • the felling shield 130 is made integral in rotation with a drive mechanism 3, while a displacement device is also provided for advancing the body 1 along the envisaged trajectory of the gallery G.
  • the tunnel boring machine T is equipped with a device for moving the body 1 according to the advance of the cut face F of the gallery.
  • This device which can be of any suitable conventional type, will not be described here.
  • the shield 130 comprises at least one flap (designated by the reference numerals 141 to 148 in the figures) able to pivot around a radial axis of the body 1 and on which one or more tools 14 are arranged to so that the angle of inclination of these tools can be adjusted relative to the longitudinal direction XX 'of the body 1 under the effect of the pivoting of the flap about its axis, and / or the shield has at least one opening (designated by references 161 to 168) opening opposite the size F front and closable by at least one flap (141 to 148, respectively) capable of pivoting around a radial axis of the body 1 under the effect of one or more cylinders or the like, so that the area of the opening (161-168) in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction XX 'of the body 1, can be adjusted, preferably even during the rotation of the shield.
  • the shield has at least one opening (designated by references 161 to 168) opening opposite the size F front and closable by at least
  • the shield 130 is constituted by at least three flaps, and more precisely by eight flaps 141 to 148 which are integral in rotation with a central shaft 15 forming part of the body 1.
  • the shaft 15 which has a roughly cylindrical shape and which extends concentrically to XX ', is mounted in the body 1 by means of rotation guide bearings 151, 152 and 153, themselves installed in transverse partitions 251, 252 and 253 of body 1, respectively.
  • the partitions 251, 252 and 253 which extend approximately perpendicularly to XX 'are arranged so that the end of the central shaft 15 which is integral with the shield 130 is cantilevered.
  • the partition 251 which is arranged near the rear end 12, as well as the partition 252, define inside the body 1 an area or airlock which makes it possible to isolate the gallery G from the interior part of the body 1 located between the size F front and the transverse partition 252. Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible to vary the pressure of compressed air inside the tunneling machine T, for example using compression devices.
  • a control cabin 26 is provided between the transverse partitions 251 and 252. This cabin has a door 261 for access through the gallery G, as well as a door 262 for access to the front end 11 of the body 1.
  • the doors 261 and 262 of the control cabin 26 can be hermetically sealed.
  • the drive in rotation of the shaft 15 around the axis XX ' is carried out using motors 32 arranged in appropriate compartments in the area defined by the transverse partitions 251 and 252.
  • the output shaft of a motor 32 which extends roughly parallel to XX ′, is provided with a toothed pinion 33, which drives through a toothed wheel, of a transmission chain 34 or the like, a central toothed wheel 35 fixed on the shaft 15.
  • at least one toothed pinion 331 is rotatably mounted on the transverse partition 252, in order to balance the forces within the drive mechanism 3.
  • the number of teeth of each of the pinions or wheels 33 to 35 is chosen to obtain a speed of rotation of the central shaft 15 adapted to correct operation of the TBM
  • any other suitable mechanism for example chain or the like, may be provided to drive the shaft 15 in rotation.
  • the general reference numeral 4 designates a system for removing the cuttings from the body 1.
  • the system 4 comprises chain conveyors in series 41, 42 and 43, which jointly form a discontinuous chain going to close to the front end 11 to the rear end 12 of the body 1.
  • the chain conveyor 41 which is diametrically opposite to the control cabin 26, is arranged so that the cuttings torn from the front of size F can be grouped together under the effect of gravity, towards the upper surface of this conveyor 41.
  • the conveyor 42 extends from the end of the conveyor 41 opposite the felling shield 130, up to the interior of the zone defined by the partitions 251 and 252, and therefore crosses the partitions 252 and 253.
  • a hermetically closable door 272 is provided at the level of the partition 252, to isolate the opening of passage of the conveyor 42 through this partition.
  • this door as well as another door 271, are illustrated both in their closed position (on the right) and in their raised opening position.
  • the body 1 comprises an internal envelope 2 and an external envelope 17.
  • the external envelope 17 which notably comprises the peripheral cutting edge 110 at level of the front end 11, is housed in the gallery G.
  • the internal envelope 2 which is mounted concentrically in the external envelope 17, constitutes the peripheral wall of the zone defined by the transverse partitions 251 and 252
  • These partitions as well as the partition 253 are fixed for example by welding in the internal envelope 2 of the body 1, the latter having a substantially cylindrical shape and extending from the inside of the cutting edge 110 to the transverse partition 251.
  • the external envelope 17 and the internal envelope 2 are equipped with means 217 for relative positioning and immobilization, by means of which the angular position of the internal envelope 2 relative to the external envelope 17, and consequently the angular position in the gallery G of the control cabin 26 and of the evacuation system 4 in the gallery G, can be adjusted and determined with precision, by rotating around X-X ', or by immobilizing in rotation, the inner casing 2 relative to the outer casing 17.
  • the parts of a tunnel boring machine integral with the felling shield tend to rotate inside the dug gallery, which is not desirable.
  • the functional elements of the tunnel boring machine T can be replaced in a position where their operation is optimal, and then maintained in this position.
  • These means 217 can for example be constituted by a peripheral toothing which cooperates with one or more motorized and lockable pinions.
  • the reference numeral 127 designates relocation means such as for example jacks, which allow the tunnel boring machine T to be positioned correctly with respect to the trajectory provided for the gallery G.
  • These relocation means 127 are here jacks or the like which can urge the rear end 12 of the body 1 at its periphery and more particularly of its outer casing 17 so that the longitudinal axis XX ′ of the tunnel boring machine T is permanently tangent to the trajectory provided for the gallery G.
  • the relocation means 27 act on the external envelope 17 of the body 1 because it is of very high rigidity, and comprises the cutting edge before 110.
  • the reference numeral 177 designates one of the spacers which allow the assembly of the outer envelope 17 of the body 1, and more particularly the assembly of the cutter 110 and the envelope 17 itself. It goes without saying that a plurality of spacers 177 are provided on the periphery of the outer casing 17, so that the latter is sufficiently rigid and has dimensions according to XX 'appropriate.
  • each of the flaps 141 to 148 of the shield 130 is mounted on the body 1 by means of three articulations, respectively designated at 154, 114 and 54. Thanks to these articulations 154, 114 and 54, each flap can pivot between an open state (FIGS. 1 and 2) or substantially only the edge of this flap (141-148) is facing the size F front, and a shutter state (FIGS. 8 and 9 ) in which the shield 130 isolates the interior of the body 1, preferably hermetically, with respect to the face of size F.
  • each flap is arranged in alignment in the direction of a radius of the central shaft 15, and therefore of the body 1, near the size F front, to jointly define the pivot axis of the corresponding flap (141 to 148).
  • the joints 114 and 154 which are regularly distributed around the periphery of the shield 130 and the central shaft 15 respectively, are aligned two by two along a radial axis or radius of the body 1.
  • the assembly formed by the flaps 141 to 143 and by the shaft 15 -that is to say the shield 130- has the shape of a propeller of which each blade is articulated, and of which all the pivot axes of the flaps extend along the same plane perpendicular to the axis XX '.
  • the joints 114 and 154 are simply pivots, the latter being fixed for example by welding, on a diameter of the shaft 15, roughly in line with the end cutter 110.
  • the joints 154 are eight in number, and that the same applies to the joints 114 and 54.
  • the so-called external joints 114 of the pivot axis of each shield flap 130 are each fixed to the internal face of a crown 134 of the shield 130 connected to the shaft 15 by spokes 135 of which only one is shown in FIG. 2.
  • internal face is meant the face of this crown which extends along a plane perpendicular to the axis XX 'and which is opposite to the face of size F.
  • complementary tools 14' are fixed on the external face of the crown 134.
  • this crown or internal disc which is integral in rotation with the flaps 141 to 148 and therefore the shaft 15 is mounted to rotate in a conventional manner in the internal envelope 2 of the body 1.
  • the disc 134 and the complementary tools 14 ′ rotate inside the peripheral cutting edge 110, when the motor 32 is operating.
  • the tools 14 which are mounted on the flaps 141 to 148 are arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the axis XX 'when the pivoting flaps are in their position corresponding to the open state of the shield 130.
  • the pivoting tools 14 will be fixed, for example by screwing, not on the edge but on a flank of a shutter coming in front of the size F front in the state of shuttering of the shield, so as to project from the section in question at least in the shutter positions where it is planned to carry out a slaughter, but not to hinder the shuttering of the openings 161-168 by the shutters 141 -148.
  • the reference numeral 18 designates a central front part, that is to say a part of tapered shape and oriented towards the front of the body 1, which constitutes the end of the central shaft 15 on the side of the front end 11.
  • the central front part 18, which is provided with complementary tools 184 is arranged so as to project outwards from the body 1, that is to say the peripheral cutting edge 110. Also, since this central front part 18 rotates around XX ′ when the shaft 15 is rotated, the latter can carry out a pre-felling, or felling blank, at the center of the cutting face F.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the central front part which can be mounted at the end of a central shaft 15, and which is designated at 18 '.
  • This front part 18 ' which is shown without additional tools but which can be provided with it, has the particularity of being not fixed on the shaft 15, but guided in sliding in the direction of XX' under the effect of a double-acting cylinder shown diagrammatically at 181 and disposed in the axial recess of the shaft 15, so that the latter can carry out a deeper felling blank by moving in a direction of advance approximately parallel to A
  • the front part 18 ′ can be returned in a direction opposite to that of the arrow A towards its rest position illustrated in FIG. 3. possible to use for the displacement of the front part 18 ', the same mechanisms as for the pivoting of the flaps 141 to 148.
  • each pivoting flap of the shield 130 is constituted by a sliding pivot, the pivot and sliding axis of which here consists of a bar is oriented along a radius of the central shaft 15, and therefore of the body 1. Consequently, the pivot axis of a flap is approximately parallel to the axis of its third articulation 54.
  • the mobile part which is here constituted by an eyelet crossed by the guide bar mentioned above, is fixed to the corresponding flap. More precisely, as is clear from FIG. 1, each flap has the shape of a portion of a circle, that is to say of a V, each free end of which is connected by an arc of a circle.
  • each flap 141 to 148 is connected to one of the articulations 54, 154 or 114 of this flap.
  • the reference numeral 52 designates a disc in the form of a spoke crown, which, like the partition 253, has manhole openings, and which is slidably mounted at the level of its central orifice, on the shaft 15. It is on this disc 52 that the fixed part of the articulation in the form of a sliding pivot 54 of each flap is fixed. Obviously, it is also possible to provide elements for guiding the external periphery of the disc 52, which would cooperate with the internal casing 2 of the body 1. Near the central shaft 15, the disc 52 cooperates with a ball stop or the like.
  • the movable end of the rod of at least one jack 5, or the like is fixed to a so-called “fixed” ring, although sliding on the shaft 15, of the stop 51.
  • This movable part of the jacks 5 constitutes an element able to slide in the longitudinal direction X-X ', under the effect of the fluid supply to the jacks 5. This sliding takes place between a position of the ball stop 51, and therefore of the disc 52 which corresponds to the open state of the shield 130, and a position corresponding to its closed state.
  • each of the jacks 5 are fixed to the transverse partition 252, for example by welding, and passes through orifices suitable made in the transverse wall 253.
  • These cylinders have their longitudinal axis of sliding disposed substantially parallel to the axis XX '. It goes without saying that other arrangements which do not necessarily include a sliding pivot and jacks can also be provided, as long as they allow both the flaps 141 to 148 to pivot about their axis, and this preferably by allowing the central shaft 15 to rotate simultaneously.
  • the flaps 141 to 148 of the shield 130 each extend along a plane roughly parallel to the axis XX ′, or with a small angle relative to to this one.
  • the area along a plane perpendicular to XX 'of the openings 161 to 168 of the shield 130 is maximum, and therefore substantially equal to the opening of the cutting edge 110.
  • the rods of the jacks 5 are returned to the bodies of these, so that the total length along XX 'of these cylinders is minimum. As can be seen in FIG. 1, this length corresponds to the distance between the transverse partition 252 and the disc 52.
  • the part secured to the flaps of the joints 54 is in its position closest to the central shaft 15.
  • the flaps 141 to 148 can be at least partially closed, to limit the penetration of cuttings towards the carpet 41.
  • the angle of the tools 14 can be adjusted with respect to the direction of XX ', and this continuously during the advance of the tunnel boring machine T.
  • This tunnel boring machine T is also particularly safe insofar as it makes it possible, in the event of the front F collapsing and / or if sludge or liquids have tended to enter the boring tunnel through the front end 11 the shield 130 until sufficient drying of the soil to start the felling is carried out.
  • the tunnel boring machine T which has been described allows a quick and free transformation from a mud front type to a full section shield type, for example in the case of the ground S where a gallery G must be dug changes its structure as the TBM advances along the next A.
  • Yet another advantage of the TBM specific to the invention is that it provides visibility to its operator, for example if the operator This is in cabin 26, so that the felling and / or advancement parameters of this TBM can be permanently adjusted, depending on the structure of the ground which constitutes the size F front.
  • the TBM according to the invention has considerable advantages. It allows you to vary the felling angle depending on the state of the ground. The harder the ground, the greater the felling angle and the more the shutters can be opened. When the ground is less hard or soft up to a state close to the liquid state, the angle of slaughter will be reduced by closing the flaps until complete obturation. The variation of the angular position of the flaps also makes it possible to regulate the amount of earth extracted. In addition, the flaps produce a guiding effect on the soil which has been removed, so that it is transmitted to the conveyor 41.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a directable-shield tunnelling machine, for whole front face tunnelling. This tunnelling machine comprises a substantially cylindrical body (1), a peripheral cutting edge (110) inside which an extracting shield (130) is rotationally mounted, as well as a system (4) for removing debris via the rear end (12) of the body, is characterised in that the shield (130) comprises at least one opening (161-168) emerging in front of a work-face (F) of a gallery (G) to be tunnelled, and capable of being closed by at least one flap (141-148) capable of pivoting about a radial axis of the body (1) under the effect of one or more jacks (5) or the like, each flap being capable of being fitted with extraction tools (14) so that the area of the said opening (161-168) and/or the extraction angle of the tools (14) can be adjusted under the effect of pivoting of the flaps (141-148). The present invention applies to the production of tunnelling machines of various sizes and for various types of galleries or tunnels. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un tunnelier à creusement frontal pleine section.The present invention relates to a full section frontal tunnel boring machine.

On connaît divers types de tunneliers, c'est-à-dire d'appareils aptes à creuser des galeries dans le sol. Principalement, selon le type de sols où un tunnel doit être effectué, on utilise soit un tunnelier à front de taille plein dit "à bouclier d'abattage de pleine section", soit un tunnelier avec une zone pressurisée où est entretenu à l'aide de pompes, un front de boue.Various types of tunnel boring machines are known, that is to say devices capable of digging galleries in the ground. Mainly, depending on the type of soil where a tunnel is to be made, we use either a full-size front tunneling machine called "with full section felling shield", or a tunneling machine with a pressurized area where it is maintained using pumps, a mud front.

Aussi, on comprend qu'un type donné de tunnelier ne peut pas être efficacement utilisé dans un sol pour lequel il n'a pas été prévu, ou encore dans un sol dont la structure varie le long de la galerie à creuser. En outre, les tunneliers connus ne permettent ni d'observer facilement le front de taille de la galerie, ni d'évaluer avec précision la quantité de déblais produits, et donc de vérifier en permanence l'état du front de taille et l'avancée de la galerie. Par ailleurs, dans le cas des tunneliers à bouclier de pleine section, il n'est pas aisé d'ajuster l'angle de coupe des outils d'abattage, par exemple en fonction des changements de structure du sol le long de la galerie.Also, it is understood that a given type of tunnel boring machine cannot be effectively used in soil for which it was not intended, or even in soil whose structure varies along the gallery to be dug. In addition, known tunnel boring machines do not allow to easily observe the cutting face of the gallery, nor to accurately assess the quantity of cuttings produced, and therefore to permanently check the state of the cutting face and the progress from the gallery. Furthermore, in the case of full section shield TBMs, it is not easy to adjust the cutting angle of the felling tools, for example according to the changes in soil structure along the gallery.

En conséquence, la présente invention a pour but de pallier notamment les inconvénients de l'art antérieur énoncés plus hauts.Consequently, the aim of the present invention is to overcome in particular the drawbacks of the prior art set out above.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet d'une part un tunnelier pour le creusage de galeries dans le sol, et du type comportant un corps sensiblement cylindrique dont l'une des extrémités dite avant définit en regard d'un front de taille de la galerie, un taillant périphérique à l'intérieur duquel un bouclier d'abattage est monté à rotation, ce bouclier qui est pourvu d'une pluralité d'outils aptes à creuser dans ledit front, étant solidaire d'un mécanisme d'entraînement à rotation, un dispositif de déplacement du corps suivant l'avancée de la galerie, ainsi qu'un système d'évacuation des déblais par l'autre extrémité du corps dite arrière, caractérisé en ce que le bouclier comprend au moins un volet apte à pivoter autour d'un axe radial du corps et sur lequel un ou plusieurs outils sont agencés de sorte que l'angle d'inclinaison de ces outils peut être ajusté par rapport à la direction longitudinale du corps sous l'effet du pivotement du volet autour de son axe.To this end, the subject of the invention is, on the one hand, a tunnel boring machine for the digging of galleries in the ground, and of the type comprising a substantially cylindrical body, one of the ends of which, called the front, defines opposite a working face of the gallery, a peripheral cutter inside which a shield felling is rotatably mounted, this shield which is provided with a plurality of tools capable of digging in said front, being integral with a rotary drive mechanism, a device for moving the body according to the advance of the gallery, as well as a cuttings evacuation system by the other end of the so-called rear body, characterized in that the shield comprises at least one flap capable of pivoting around a radial axis of the body and on which one or several tools are arranged so that the angle of inclination of these tools can be adjusted relative to the longitudinal direction of the body under the effect of the pivoting of the shutter about its axis.

D'autre part, l'invention a pour objet un tunnelier du type expliqué ci-dessus, mais caractérisé en ce que le bouclier comporte au moins une ouverture débouchant en regard du front de taille et obturable au moins partiellement par un volet apte à pivoter autour d'un axe radial du corps sous l'effet d'un ou plusieurs vérins ou analogues, de sorte que l'aire de ladite ouverture dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale du corps, peut être ajustée, même durant la rotation du bouclier.On the other hand, the subject of the invention is a tunnel boring machine of the type explained above, but characterized in that the shield has at least one opening which opens facing the face of the waist and which can be closed at least partially by a flap capable of pivoting. about a radial axis of the body under the effect of one or more jacks or the like, so that the area of said opening in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the body, can be adjusted, even during rotation of the shield.

Avantageusement, le bouclier est constitué par au moins trois volets solidaires en rotation d'un arbre central du corps et pouvant chacun pivoter entre un état ouvert où sensiblement seule la tranche de ce volet est en regard du front de taille, et un état d'obturation dans lequel le bouclier isole l'intérieur du corps de préférence hermétiquement, du front de taille.Advantageously, the shield is constituted by at least three flaps integral in rotation with a central shaft of the body and each capable of pivoting between an open state where substantially only the edge of this flap is facing the face of the waist, and a state of obturation in which the shield isolates the interior of the body preferably hermetically, from the face.

Suivant un mode de réalisation illustré, chaque volet est monté sur le corps par l'intermédiaire de trois articulations, dont deux qui sont alignées à proximité du front de taille constituent l'axe précité de pivotement, tandis que la troisième qui a la forme d'un pivot glissant suivant un rayon du corps, est solidaire d'un élément pouvant coulisser suivant la direction longitudinale précitée, sous l'effet de vérins ou analogues, entre une position correspondant à l'état ouvert et une position correspondant à l'état d'obturation du bouclier.According to an illustrated embodiment, each flap is mounted on the body by means of three joints, two of which are aligned nearby of the working face constitute the aforementioned pivot axis, while the third which has the shape of a pivot sliding along a radius of the body, is secured to an element which can slide in the aforementioned longitudinal direction, under the effect of cylinders or the like, between a position corresponding to the open state and a position corresponding to the shield shutter state.

Alors, il est possible que l'une des deux articulations précitées qui constituent l'axe de pivotement de chaque volet, soit montée sur l'arbre central par rapport auquel coulisse l'élément dont est solidaire la troisième articulation, tandis que l'autre est solidaire d'un disque monté à rotation dans le taillant périphérique.Then, it is possible that one of the two aforementioned articulations which constitute the pivot axis of each flap, is mounted on the central shaft with respect to which slides the element of which the third articulation is integral, while the other is attached to a disc mounted for rotation in the peripheral cutter.

Eventuellement, l'arbre central comporte une partie avant centrale de forme effilée et muni d'au moins un outil, cette partie avant qui est orientée vers l'avant du corps faisant saillie vers l'extérieur, du taillant périphérique.Optionally, the central shaft has a central front part of tapered shape and provided with at least one tool, this front part which is oriented towards the front of the body projecting outwards, from the peripheral cutting edge.

Dans ce cas, il est intéressant que la partie avant précitée soit montée à coulissement et déplaçable à l'aide d'un vérin ou analogue, suivant l'axe longitudinal du corps.In this case, it is advantageous for the aforementioned front part to be slidably mounted and displaceable using a jack or the like, along the longitudinal axis of the body.

On peut prévoir que le corps comporte une enveloppe interne et une enveloppe externe, montées concentriquement et équipées de moyens de positionnement et d'immobilisation relatifs l'une dans l'autre.Provision may be made for the body to have an internal envelope and an external envelope, mounted concentrically and equipped with positioning and immobilization means relative to one another.

En outre, l'enveloppe interne du corps peut comprendre au moins deux zones pressurisables indépendamment et reliées par un sas.In addition, the internal envelope of the body can comprise at least two independently pressurizable zones and connected by an airlock.

Suivant encore une autre caractéristique, le corps comporte, au niveau de son extrémité arrière, des moyens de relocalisation du tunnelier par rapport à une trajectoire prédéterminée prévue pour la galerie.According to yet another characteristic, the body comprises, at its rear end, means for relocating the tunnel boring machine with respect to a predetermined trajectory provided for the gallery.

Mais d'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront mieux de la description détaillée de modes de réalisation donnés uniquement à titre d'exemples, qui suit et se réfère aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels.

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation et en coupe d'un tunnelier conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue partielle du bouclier d'abattage du tunnelier de la figure 1, suivant la flèche II de cette figure et en état ouvert.
  • La figure 3 est une vue schématique d'une partie avant coulissante, et adaptable sur un tunnelier conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 4 est une vue partielle similaire à la figure 1, avec le bouclier dans un premier état intermédiaire.
  • La figure 5 est une vue similaire à la figure 2, avec le bouclier d'abattage dans son état visible sur la figure 4 ;
  • La figure 6 est une vue similaire à la figure 4, avec le bouclier dans un second état intermédiaire.
  • La figure 7 est une vue similaire à la figure 5, avec le bouclier d'abattage dans son état illustré sur la figure 6 ;
  • La figure 8 est une vue schématique similaire à la figure 6, avec le bouclier d'abattage dans son état d'obturation.
  • La figure 9 est une vue similaire à la figure 7, avec le bouclier en état d'obturation.
However, other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description of embodiments given solely by way of examples, which follows and refers to the appended drawings, in which.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view in section of a tunnel boring machine according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial view of the shield of the tunnel boring machine of Figure 1, along arrow II of this figure and in the open state.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a sliding front part, and adaptable to a tunnel boring machine according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial view similar to Figure 1, with the shield in a first intermediate state.
  • Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 2, with the felling shield in its visible state in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4, with the shield in a second intermediate state.
  • Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 5, with the felling shield in its state illustrated in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view similar to Figure 6, with the slaughter shield in its closed state.
  • Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 7, with the shield in the closed state.

Sur les dessins, et notamment sur la figure 1, le signe de référence T désigne un appareil ou "tunnelier", prévu pour creuser dans le sol S des galeries telles que celle qui est désignée en G. Le tunnelier T est ce que l'on appelle couramment un tunnelier du type à front de taille plein ou à bouclier d'abattage de pleine section.In the drawings, and in particular in FIG. 1, the reference sign T designates an apparatus or "tunnel boring machine", provided for digging in the ground S galleries such as that which is designated in G. The boring machine T is what the a tunnel boring machine of the type with a full face or a full section felling shield is commonly called.

Le tunnelier T comporte un corps 1 de forme sensiblement cylindrique et dont la section transversale, c'est-à-dire suivant un plan perpendiculaire à son axe longitudinal X-X', est à peu près identique à la section de la galerie ou tunnel G qui est réalisé dans le sol S. Bien sûr, la section de cette galerie G peut être modifiée et notamment agrandie, à l'aide d'appareillages ou outillages quelconques qui suivent le tunnelier T au fur et à mesure de son avancée dans le sol S.The tunnel boring machine T comprises a body 1 of substantially cylindrical shape and whose cross section, that is to say along a plane perpendicular to its longitudinal axis XX ′, is almost identical to the section of the gallery or tunnel G which is produced in the ground S. Of course, the section of this gallery G can be modified and in particular enlarged, using any equipment or tools which follow the tunnel boring machine T as it advances in the sol S.

Sur les figures 1 et 3, la progression ou avancée dans le sol du tunnelier T s'effectue de gauche à droite, comme indiqué par la flèche A. L'orientation dans le sol de l'avancée ou avance A du tunnelier T correspond à une trajectoire prévue pour la galerie G, et qui est au moins dans les sections rectilignes de cette galerie G, sensiblement parallèle ou tangente à l'axe X-X'. Au vu du sens d'avance A et de la direction longitudinale X-X' du tunnelier T, on comprend que le corps 1 comporte d'une part une extrémité 11 dite "avant", et d'autre part une extrémité 12 dite "arrière". Durant l'avancée du tunnelier T dans le sol S, l'extrémité avant 11 vient en regard et au contact d'un front de taille F de la galerie G, c'est-à-dire d'une surface du sol S sensiblement perpendiculaire X-X', et de laquelle de la matière (terre, pierres, roches, ...) doit être arrachée pour faire progresser le tunnelier T suivant A.In FIGS. 1 and 3, the progression or advance in the ground of the tunnel boring machine T is carried out from left to right, as indicated by the arrow A. The orientation in the ground of the advance or advance A of the boring machine T corresponds to a trajectory planned for gallery G, and which is at least in the straight sections of this gallery G, substantially parallel or tangent to the axis XX ′. In view of the direction of advance A and the longitudinal direction XX 'of the tunnel boring machine T, it is understood that the body 1 comprises on the one hand an end 11 called "front", and on the other hand an end 12 called "rear" . During the advance of the tunnel boring machine T in the ground S, the front end 11 comes opposite and in contact with a face of size F of the gallery G, that is to say of a surface of the ground S substantially perpendicular X-X ', and from which material (earth, stones, rocks, ...) must be torn off to advance the tunnel boring machine T along A.

Une telle opération d'arrachement est, dans le cas d'un tunnelier à front de taille plein au moins, appelée abattage. On comprend déjà qu'au fur et à mesure de l'abattage, le front de taille F progresse suivant A, et le tunnelier T suit cette progression, en se déplaçant pour continuer à creuser la galerie G. Conventionnellement, après le passage d'un tunnelier tel que T, des éléments d'étayage couramment appelés "voussoirs" tels que ceux qui sont désignés en B sur la figure 1 et qui sont souvent constitués par des éléments de béton préfabriqués et installés par poussée hydraulique ou bétonnés au fur et à mesure de l'avancée dans le cas des galeries à section importante, sont placés en arrière de l'extrémité arrière 12 du corps 1 dans la galerie G, pour la consolider. On comprend que l'abattage effectué par le tunnelier T génère une certaine quantités de déblais, c'est-à-dire de matières arrachées au front F, et que ces déblais doivent être évacués à l'aide d'un système approprié hors de la galerie G, par l'extrémité arrière 12 du corps 1.Such a lifting operation is, in the case of a tunnel boring machine with at least a full face, called slaughter. We can already understand that as the slaughter takes place, the working face F progresses along A, and the tunnel boring machine T follows this progression, moving to continue digging the gallery G. Conventionally, after the passage of a tunnel boring machine such as T, shoring elements commonly called "segments" such as those which are designated at B in FIG. 1 and which often consist of precast concrete elements and installed by hydraulic thrust or concreted as and when measurement of the advance in the case of galleries with a large section, are placed behind the rear end 12 of the body 1 in the gallery G, to consolidate it. It is understood that the slaughter carried out by the tunnel boring machine T generates a certain amount of cuttings, that is to say of materials torn from the front F, and that these cuttings must be removed using an appropriate system outside the gallery G, by the rear end 12 of the body 1.

Il ressort bien de la figure 1 que la périphérie du corps 1 définit, au niveau de son extrémité avant 11, un taillant périphérique 110 à l'intérieur duquel un bouclier d'abattage 130 est monté à rotation. Le bouclier 130 du tunnelier T est monté dans le corps 1 de manière à pouvoir tourner autour d'un axe sensiblement parallèle à X-X', et de préférence confondu avec celui-ci. Pour ce faire, le bouclier d'abattage 130 est rendu solidaire en rotation d'un mécanisme d'entraînement 3, tandis qu'un dispositif de déplacement est par ailleurs prévu pour faire avancer le corps 1 suivant la trajectoire envisagée de la galerie G.It is clear from FIG. 1 that the periphery of the body 1 defines, at its front end 11, a peripheral cutting edge 110 inside which a felling shield 130 is rotatably mounted. The shield 130 of the tunnel boring machine T is mounted in the body 1 so as to be able to rotate around an axis substantially parallel to XX ′, and preferably coincident with the latter. To do this, the felling shield 130 is made integral in rotation with a drive mechanism 3, while a displacement device is also provided for advancing the body 1 along the envisaged trajectory of the gallery G.

Bien que ceci ne soit pas illustré, le tunnelier T est équipé d'un dispositif de déplacement du corps 1 suivant l'avancée du front de taillé F de la galerie. Ce dispositif, qui peut être de tout type conventionnel approprié, ne sera pas décrit ici.Although this is not illustrated, the tunnel boring machine T is equipped with a device for moving the body 1 according to the advance of the cut face F of the gallery. This device, which can be of any suitable conventional type, will not be described here.

Conformément à l'invention, le bouclier 130 comprend au moins un volet (désigné par les références numériques 141 à 148 sur les figures) apte à pivoter autour d'un axe radial du corps 1 et sur lequel un ou plusieurs outils 14 sont agencés de sorte que l'angle d'inclinaison de ces outils peut être ajusté par rapport à la direction longitudinale X-X' du corps 1 sous l'effet du pivotement du volet autour de son axe, et/ou le bouclier comporte au moins une ouverture (désignée par les références 161 à 168) débouchant en regard du front de taille F et obturable par au moins un volet (141 à 148, respectivement) apte à pivoter autour d'un axe radial du corps 1 sous l'effet d'un ou plusieurs vérins ou analogues, de sorte que l'aire de l'ouverture (161-168) dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale X-X' du corps 1, peut être ajustée, de préférence même durant la rotation du bouclier.According to the invention, the shield 130 comprises at least one flap (designated by the reference numerals 141 to 148 in the figures) able to pivot around a radial axis of the body 1 and on which one or more tools 14 are arranged to so that the angle of inclination of these tools can be adjusted relative to the longitudinal direction XX 'of the body 1 under the effect of the pivoting of the flap about its axis, and / or the shield has at least one opening (designated by references 161 to 168) opening opposite the size F front and closable by at least one flap (141 to 148, respectively) capable of pivoting around a radial axis of the body 1 under the effect of one or more cylinders or the like, so that the area of the opening (161-168) in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction XX 'of the body 1, can be adjusted, preferably even during the rotation of the shield.

Afin de simplifier la description, et puisque les deux caractéristiques principales énoncées plus haut de l'invention visent à résoudre le même problème technique, à savoir l'adaptation du bouclier 130 à la structure du front de taille F (soit par ajustement de l'angle d'usinage des outils 14 soit par modification de l'ouverture de passage des déblais vers l'intérieur du corps 1) au fur et à mesure de l'avancée du tunnelier T dans la galerie G qu'il creuse, un tunnelier T visible sur les figures 1, 2 et 4 à 9 qui regroupe à la fois ces deux caractéristiques, va maintenant être décrit. Néanmoins, il est clair qu'un tunnelier présentant indépendamment l'une ou l'autre de ces caractéristiques, est également conforme à l'invention.In order to simplify the description, and since the two main characteristics set out above of the invention aim to solve the same technical problem, namely the adaptation of the shield 130 to the structure of the face of size F (either by adjusting the tool machining angle 14 or by modifying the opening for the passage of cuttings towards the interior of the body 1) as the tunneling machine T advances in the gallery G that it digs, a tunneling machine T visible in Figures 1, 2 and 4 to 9 which combines both these characteristics, will now be described. Nevertheless, it is clear that a TBM independently having one or the other of these characteristics is also in accordance with the invention.

Suivant l'exemple illustré, le bouclier 130 est constitué par au moins trois volets, et plus précisément par huit volets 141 à 148 qui sont solidaires en rotation d'un arbre central 15 faisant partie du corps 1. En fait, l'arbre 15 qui a une forme à peu près cylindrique et qui s'étend concentriquement à X-X', est monté dans le corps 1 à l'aide de paliers de guidage en rotation 151, 152 et 153, eux-mêmes installés dans des cloisons transversales 251, 252 et 253 du corps 1, respectivement. Les cloisons 251, 252 et 253 qui s'étendent à peu près perpendiculairement à X-X', sont agencées de façon que l'extrémité de l'arbre central 15 qui est solidaire du bouclier 130 est en porte-à-faux. La cloison 251 qui est disposée à proximité de l'extrémité arrière 12, ainsi que la cloison 252, définissent à l'intérieur du corps 1 une zone ou sas qui permet d'isoler la galerie G de la partie intérieure du corps 1 située entre le front de taille F et la cloison transversale 252. Grâce à cet agencement, il est possible de faire varier la pression d'air comprimé à l'intérieur du tunnelier T, par exemple à l'aide de dispositifs de compression. Une cabine de commande 26 est prévue entre les cloisons transversales 251 et 252. Cette cabine comporte une porte 261 d'accès par la galerie G, ainsi qu'une porte 262 d'accès à l'extrémité avant 11 du corps 1. Bien sûr, les portes 261 et 262 de la cabine de commande 26 peuvent être obturées hermétiquement. En outre, il est avantageux de prévoir dans la cloison 252, et éventuellement dans la porte 262, un hublot de regard, à l'aide duquel un opérateur situé dans la cabine 26 peut par exemple observer le fonctionnement du bouclier 130 et/ou l'état du front de taille F.According to the example illustrated, the shield 130 is constituted by at least three flaps, and more precisely by eight flaps 141 to 148 which are integral in rotation with a central shaft 15 forming part of the body 1. In fact, the shaft 15 which has a roughly cylindrical shape and which extends concentrically to XX ', is mounted in the body 1 by means of rotation guide bearings 151, 152 and 153, themselves installed in transverse partitions 251, 252 and 253 of body 1, respectively. The partitions 251, 252 and 253 which extend approximately perpendicularly to XX 'are arranged so that the end of the central shaft 15 which is integral with the shield 130 is cantilevered. The partition 251 which is arranged near the rear end 12, as well as the partition 252, define inside the body 1 an area or airlock which makes it possible to isolate the gallery G from the interior part of the body 1 located between the size F front and the transverse partition 252. Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible to vary the pressure of compressed air inside the tunneling machine T, for example using compression devices. A control cabin 26 is provided between the transverse partitions 251 and 252. This cabin has a door 261 for access through the gallery G, as well as a door 262 for access to the front end 11 of the body 1. Of course , the doors 261 and 262 of the control cabin 26 can be hermetically sealed. In addition, it is advantageous to provide in the partition 252, and possibly in the door 262, a viewing window, using which an operator located in the cabin 26 can for example observe the operation of the shield 130 and / or the state of the size F.

Suivant l'exemple illustré, l'entraînement en rotation de l'arbre 15 autour de l'axe X-X' s'effectue à l'aide de moteurs 32 disposés dans des compartiments approprié de la zone définie par les cloisons transversales 251 et 252. Dans le mécanisme d'entraînement 3 illustré, l'arbre de sortie d'un moteur 32 qui s'étend à peu près parallèlement à X-X', est muni d'un pignon denté 33, qui entraîne par l'intermédiaire d'une roue dentée, d'une chaîne de transmission 34 ou analogue, une roue dentée centrale 35 fixée sur l'arbre 15. On notera ici qu'au moins un pignon denté 331 est monté à rotation sur la cloison transversale 252, afin d'équilibrer les efforts au sein du mécanisme d'entraînement 3. Bien sûr, le nombre de dents de chacun des pignons ou roues 33 à 35 est choisi pour obtenir une vitesse de rotation de l'arbre central 15 adaptée à un fonctionnement correct du tunnelier T. Evidemment, tout autre mécanisme approprié, par exemple à chaîne ou analogues, peut être prévu pour entraîner l'arbre 15 en rotation.According to the example illustrated, the drive in rotation of the shaft 15 around the axis XX 'is carried out using motors 32 arranged in appropriate compartments in the area defined by the transverse partitions 251 and 252. In the drive mechanism 3 illustrated, the output shaft of a motor 32 which extends roughly parallel to XX ′, is provided with a toothed pinion 33, which drives through a toothed wheel, of a transmission chain 34 or the like, a central toothed wheel 35 fixed on the shaft 15. It will be noted here that at least one toothed pinion 331 is rotatably mounted on the transverse partition 252, in order to balance the forces within the drive mechanism 3. Of course, the number of teeth of each of the pinions or wheels 33 to 35 is chosen to obtain a speed of rotation of the central shaft 15 adapted to correct operation of the TBM Obviously, any other suitable mechanism, for example chain or the like, may be provided to drive the shaft 15 in rotation.

Toujours sur la figure 1, la référence numérique générale 4 désigne un système d'évacuation des déblais hors du corps 1. Ici, le système 4 comprend des convoyeurs à chaînes en série 41, 42 et 43, qui forment conjointement une chaîne discontinue allant à peu près de l'extrémité avant 11 à l'extrémité arrière 12 du corps 1. Le convoyeur à chaîne 41 qui est diamétralement opposé à la cabine de commande 26, est agencé de façon que les déblais arrachés au front de taille F puissent être regroupés sous l'effet de la gravité, vers la surface supérieure de ce convoyeur 41. Le convoyeur 42 s'étend depuis l'extrémité du convoyeur 41 opposée au bouclier d'abattage 130, jusqu'à l'intérieur de la zone définie par les cloisons 251 et 252, et traverse donc les cloisons 252 et 253. On remarquera ici qu'une porte obturable hermétiquement 272 est prévue au niveau de la cloison 252, pour isoler l'ouverture de passage du convoyeur 42 à travers cette cloison. Sur la figure 1, cette porte ainsi qu'une autre porte 271, sont illustrées à la fois dans leur position d'obturation (à droite) et dans leur position relevée d'ouverture. Quand les déblais acheminés par le convoyeur 42 jusqu'à l'extrémité de ce dernier opposée au convoyeur 41 arrivent au niveau de la porte 272, ceux-ci chutent sur le convoyeur 43, qui à son tour les évacue à travers la cloison 251, jusqu'à l'extrémité arrière 12 du corps 1. Alors, les déblais ainsi acheminés suivant un sens à peu près opposé à celui de la flèche A, peuvent être recueillis et évacués hors de la galerie G.Still in FIG. 1, the general reference numeral 4 designates a system for removing the cuttings from the body 1. Here, the system 4 comprises chain conveyors in series 41, 42 and 43, which jointly form a discontinuous chain going to close to the front end 11 to the rear end 12 of the body 1. The chain conveyor 41 which is diametrically opposite to the control cabin 26, is arranged so that the cuttings torn from the front of size F can be grouped together under the effect of gravity, towards the upper surface of this conveyor 41. The conveyor 42 extends from the end of the conveyor 41 opposite the felling shield 130, up to the interior of the zone defined by the partitions 251 and 252, and therefore crosses the partitions 252 and 253. It will be noted here that a hermetically closable door 272 is provided at the level of the partition 252, to isolate the opening of passage of the conveyor 42 through this partition. In FIG. 1, this door as well as another door 271, are illustrated both in their closed position (on the right) and in their raised opening position. When the cuttings conveyed by the conveyor 42 to the end of the latter opposite the conveyor 41 arrive at the door 272, these fall on the conveyor 43, which in turn evacuates them through the partition 251, up to the rear end 12 of the body 1. Then, the cuttings thus conveyed in a direction roughly opposite to that of arrow A, can be collected and removed from the gallery G.

Avant de passer à la description des détails du bouclier 130, on notera ici que suivant l'exemple illustré, le corps 1 comporte une enveloppe interne 2 et une enveloppe externe 17. L'enveloppe externe 17 qui comprend notamment le taillant périphérique 110 au niveau de l'extrémité avant 11, est logée dans la galerie G. Pour sa part, l'enveloppe interne 2 qui est montée concentriquement dans l'enveloppe externe 17, constitue la paroi périphérique de la zone définie par les cloisons transversales 251 et 252. Ces cloisons ainsi que la cloison 253 sont fixées par exemple par soudage dans l'enveloppe interne 2 du corps 1, cette dernière présentant une forme sensiblement cylindrique et s'étendant de l'intérieur du taillant 110 jusqu'à la cloison transversale 251. On remarque que l'enveloppe externe 17 et l'enveloppe interne 2 sont équipées de moyens 217 de positionnement et d'immobilisation relatifs, grâce auxquels la position angulaire de l'enveloppe interne 2 par rapport à l'enveloppe externe 17, et par conséquent la position angulaire dans la galerie G de la cabine de commande 26 et du système d'évacuation 4 dans la galerie G, peuvent être ajustées et déterminées avec précision, en faisant pivoter autour de X-X', ou en immobilisant en rotation, l'enveloppe interne 2 par rapport à l'enveloppe externe 17. En effet, on sait que notamment sous l'effet des efforts exercés par les outils 14 au niveau du front de taille F, les parties d'un tunnelier solidaires du bouclier d'abattage ont tendance à tourner à l'intérieur de la galerie creusée, ce qui n'est pas souhaitable. Aussi, grâce aux moyens de positionnement et d'immobilisation 217, les éléments fonctionnels du tunnelier T peuvent être replacés dans une position où leur fonctionnement est optimal, et ensuite maintenus dans cette position. Ces moyens 217 peuvent par exemple être constitués par une denture périphérique qui coopère avec un ou plusieurs pignons motorisés et blocables.Before proceeding to the description of the details of the shield 130, it will be noted here that according to the example illustrated, the body 1 comprises an internal envelope 2 and an external envelope 17. The external envelope 17 which notably comprises the peripheral cutting edge 110 at level of the front end 11, is housed in the gallery G. For its part, the internal envelope 2 which is mounted concentrically in the external envelope 17, constitutes the peripheral wall of the zone defined by the transverse partitions 251 and 252 These partitions as well as the partition 253 are fixed for example by welding in the internal envelope 2 of the body 1, the latter having a substantially cylindrical shape and extending from the inside of the cutting edge 110 to the transverse partition 251. It will be noted that the external envelope 17 and the internal envelope 2 are equipped with means 217 for relative positioning and immobilization, by means of which the angular position of the internal envelope 2 relative to the external envelope 17, and consequently the angular position in the gallery G of the control cabin 26 and of the evacuation system 4 in the gallery G, can be adjusted and determined with precision, by rotating around X-X ', or by immobilizing in rotation, the inner casing 2 relative to the outer casing 17. In fact, it is known that in particular under the effect of the forces exerted by the tools 14 at the face of size F, the parts of a tunnel boring machine integral with the felling shield tend to rotate inside the dug gallery, which is not desirable. Also, thanks to the positioning and immobilizing means 217, the functional elements of the tunnel boring machine T can be replaced in a position where their operation is optimal, and then maintained in this position. These means 217 can for example be constituted by a peripheral toothing which cooperates with one or more motorized and lockable pinions.

On comprend également que grâce à cette double enveloppe, il est encore plus aisé de réaliser dans le corps 1 deux zones pressurisables indépendamment, et reliées par le sas comprenant la cabine de commande 26.We also understand that thanks to this double envelope, it is even easier to carry out in the body 1 two independently pressurizable zones, and connected by the airlock comprising the control cabin 26.

Sur la figure 1, la référence numérique 127 désigne des moyens de relocalisation tels que par exemple des vérins, qui permettent au tunnelier T d'être positionné correctement par rapport à la trajectoire prévue pour la galerie G. Ces moyens de relocalisation 127 sont ici des vérins ou analogues qui peuvent solliciter l'extrémité arrière 12 du corps 1 au niveau de sa périphérie et plus particulièrement de son enveloppe externe 17 pour qu'en permanence l'axe longitudinal X-X' du tunnelier T soit sensiblement tangent à la trajectoire prévue pour la galerie G. On comprend que les moyens de relocalisation 27 agissent sur l'enveloppe externe 17 du corps 1 car celle-ci est d'une rigidité très importante, et comporte le taillant avant 110. La référence numérique 177 désigne l'une des entretoises qui permettent l'assemblage de l'enveloppe externe 17 du corps 1, et plus particulièrement l'assemblage du taillant 110 et de l'enveloppe 17 proprement dite. Il va de soi qu'une pluralité d'entretoises 177 sont prévues sur la périphérie de l'enveloppe externe 17, pour que celle-ci soit suffisamment rigide et ait des dimensions suivant X-X' appropriées.In FIG. 1, the reference numeral 127 designates relocation means such as for example jacks, which allow the tunnel boring machine T to be positioned correctly with respect to the trajectory provided for the gallery G. These relocation means 127 are here jacks or the like which can urge the rear end 12 of the body 1 at its periphery and more particularly of its outer casing 17 so that the longitudinal axis XX ′ of the tunnel boring machine T is permanently tangent to the trajectory provided for the gallery G. It is understood that the relocation means 27 act on the external envelope 17 of the body 1 because it is of very high rigidity, and comprises the cutting edge before 110. The reference numeral 177 designates one of the spacers which allow the assembly of the outer envelope 17 of the body 1, and more particularly the assembly of the cutter 110 and the envelope 17 itself. It goes without saying that a plurality of spacers 177 are provided on the periphery of the outer casing 17, so that the latter is sufficiently rigid and has dimensions according to XX 'appropriate.

Comme on le voit bien sur la figure 1 notamment, chacun des volets 141 à 148 du bouclier 130 est monté sur le corps 1 par l'intermédiaire de trois articulations, respectivement désignées en 154, 114 et 54. Grâce à ces articulations 154, 114 et 54, chaque volet peut pivoter entre un état ouvert (figures 1 et 2) ou sensiblement seule la tranche de ce volet (141-148) est en regard du front de taille F, et un état d'obturation (figures 8 et 9) dans lequel le bouclier 130 isole l'intérieur du corps 1, de préférence hermétiquement, par rapport au front de taille F. On voit bien sur les figures que les deux articulations 114 et 154 de chaque volet sont disposées en alignement suivant la direction d'un rayon de l'arbre central 15, et donc du corps 1, à proximité du front de taille F, pour définir conjointement l'axe de pivotement du volet (141 à 148) correspondant. Autrement dit, les articulations 114 et 154, qui sont réparties régulièrement autour de la périphérie du bouclier 130 et de l'arbre central 15 respectivement, sont alignées deux par deux suivant un axe radial ou rayon du corps 1. Ainsi, l'ensemble formé par les volets 141 à 143 et par l'arbre 15-c'est-à-dire le bouclier 130- a la forme d'une hélice dont chaque pale est articulée, et dont tous les axes de pivotement des volets s'étendent suivant un même plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X-X'.As can be clearly seen in FIG. 1 in particular, each of the flaps 141 to 148 of the shield 130 is mounted on the body 1 by means of three articulations, respectively designated at 154, 114 and 54. Thanks to these articulations 154, 114 and 54, each flap can pivot between an open state (FIGS. 1 and 2) or substantially only the edge of this flap (141-148) is facing the size F front, and a shutter state (FIGS. 8 and 9 ) in which the shield 130 isolates the interior of the body 1, preferably hermetically, with respect to the face of size F. It can be seen in the figures that the two articulations 114 and 154 of each flap are arranged in alignment in the direction of a radius of the central shaft 15, and therefore of the body 1, near the size F front, to jointly define the pivot axis of the corresponding flap (141 to 148). In other words, the joints 114 and 154, which are regularly distributed around the periphery of the shield 130 and the central shaft 15 respectively, are aligned two by two along a radial axis or radius of the body 1. Thus, the assembly formed by the flaps 141 to 143 and by the shaft 15 -that is to say the shield 130- has the shape of a propeller of which each blade is articulated, and of which all the pivot axes of the flaps extend along the same plane perpendicular to the axis XX '.

D'après les figures, les articulations 114 et 154 sont simplement des pivots, ces derniers étant fixés par exemple par soudage, sur un diamètre de l'arbre 15, à peu près au droit du taillant d'extrémité 110. On voit bien sur les figures 2, 5, 7 et 9 que les articulations 154 sont au nombre de huit, et qu'il en va de même pour les articulations 114 et 54. Par contre, les articulations dites externes 114 de l'axe de pivotement de chaque volet du bouclier 130 sont chacune fixées sur la face interne d'une couronne 134 du bouclier 130 reliée à l'arbre 15 par des rayons 135 dont seulement un est représenté sur la figure 2. Par face interne, on entend la face de cette couronne qui s'étend suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X-X' et qui est opposée au front de taille F. Ici, des outils complémentaires 14' sont fixés sur la face externe de la couronne 134. Il va de soi que cette couronne ou disque interne, qui est solidaire en rotation des volets 141 à 148 et donc de l'arbre 15, est monté à rotation de manière conventionnelle dans l'enveloppe interne 2 du corps 1. Autrement dit, le disque 134 et les outils complémentaires 14' tournent à l'intérieur du taillant périphérique 110, lorsque le moteur 32 fonctionne. On remarquera également ici que sur l'exemple des figures, les outils 14 qui sont montés sur les volets 141 à 148 (cf. figure 1), sont disposés de manière à être sensiblement parallèles à l'axe X-X' lorsque les volets pivotants sont dans leur position correspondant à l'état ouvert du bouclier 130. Ainsi, quand le bouclier 130 est dans son état ouvert comme on le voit sur les figures 1 et 2, l'angle d'usinage ou abattage des outils 14 est minimum. En conséquence, il est clair qu'au fur et à mesure que les volets 141 à 148 pivotent vers leur état d'obturation, l'angle d'abattage des outils 14 augmente par rapport à la direction X-X'. Avantageusement, quand les volets pivotants 141 à 148 sont dans la position correspondant à l'état d'obturation du bouclier 130, les outils 14 s'étendent suivant un plan à peu près perpendiculaire à l'axe X-X', ce qui les rend quasiment inutilisables. Bien sûr, pour permettre une bonne obturation du bouclier 130 et un abattage efficace, les outils pivotants 14 seront fixés, par exemple par vissage, non pas sur la tranche mais sur un flanc de volet venant au regard du front de taille F dans l'état d'obturation du bouclier, de façon à faire saillie de la tranche en question au moins dans les positions de volet où on prévoit d'effectuer un abattage, mais de ne pas entraver l'obturation des ouvertures 161-168 par les volets 141-148.According to the figures, the joints 114 and 154 are simply pivots, the latter being fixed for example by welding, on a diameter of the shaft 15, roughly in line with the end cutter 110. We can clearly see on Figures 2, 5, 7 and 9 that the joints 154 are eight in number, and that the same applies to the joints 114 and 54. On the other hand, the so-called external joints 114 of the pivot axis of each shield flap 130 are each fixed to the internal face of a crown 134 of the shield 130 connected to the shaft 15 by spokes 135 of which only one is shown in FIG. 2. By internal face is meant the face of this crown which extends along a plane perpendicular to the axis XX 'and which is opposite to the face of size F. Here, complementary tools 14' are fixed on the external face of the crown 134. It goes without saying that this crown or internal disc, which is integral in rotation with the flaps 141 to 148 and therefore the shaft 15 is mounted to rotate in a conventional manner in the internal envelope 2 of the body 1. In other words, the disc 134 and the complementary tools 14 ′ rotate inside the peripheral cutting edge 110, when the motor 32 is operating. It will also be noted here that in the example of the figures, the tools 14 which are mounted on the flaps 141 to 148 (cf. FIG. 1), are arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the axis XX 'when the pivoting flaps are in their position corresponding to the open state of the shield 130. Thus, when the shield 130 is in its open state as seen in Figures 1 and 2, the machining angle or felling of the tools 14 is minimum. Consequently, it is clear that as the flaps 141 to 148 pivot towards their closed state, the felling angle of the tools 14 increases relative to the direction XX '. Advantageously, when the pivoting flaps 141 to 148 are in the position corresponding to the state of closure of the shield 130, the tools 14 extend in a plane approximately perpendicular to the axis XX ′, which makes it almost unusable. Of course, to allow a good closure of the shield 130 and an effective felling, the pivoting tools 14 will be fixed, for example by screwing, not on the edge but on a flank of a shutter coming in front of the size F front in the state of shuttering of the shield, so as to project from the section in question at least in the shutter positions where it is planned to carry out a slaughter, but not to hinder the shuttering of the openings 161-168 by the shutters 141 -148.

Sur la figure 1, la référence numérique 18 désigne une partie avant centrale, c'est-à-dire une pièce de forme effilée et orientée vers l'avant du corps 1, qui constitue l'extrémité de l'arbre central 15 du côté de l'extrémité avant 11. La partie avant centrale 18, qui est munie d'outils complémentaires 184 est agencée de manière à faire saillie vers l'extérieur du corps 1, c'est-à-dire du taillant périphérique 110. Aussi, puisque cette partie avant centrale 18 tourne autour de X-X' quand l'arbre 15 est entraîné en rotation, celui-ci peut effectuer au centre du front de taille F un pré-abattage, ou ébauche d'abattage. On a représenté sur la figure 3, un autre mode de réalisation de partie avant centrale qui peut être montée à l'extrémité d'un arbre central 15, et qui est désignée en 18'. Cette partie avant 18' qui est représentée sans outils complémentaires mais qui peut en être munie, a pour particularité d'être non pas fixée sur l'arbre 15, mais guidée à coulissement suivant la direction de X-X' sous l'effet d'un vérin à double effet représenté schématiquement en 181 et disposé dans le creux axial de l'arbre 15, de sorte que celui-ci peut effectuer une ébauche d'abattage plus profonde en se déplaçant suivant une direction d'avance à peu près parallèle à A. Bien sûr, quand cette ébauche d'abattage est effectuée, la partie avant 18' peut être renvoyée suivant un sens inverse à celui de la flèche A vers sa position de repos illustrée sur la figure 3. Comme on le comprendra ultérieurement, il est possible d'utiliser pour le déplacement de la partie avant 18', les mêmes mécanismes que pour le pivotement des volets 141 à 148. Ces mécanismes vont maintenant être décrits.In FIG. 1, the reference numeral 18 designates a central front part, that is to say a part of tapered shape and oriented towards the front of the body 1, which constitutes the end of the central shaft 15 on the side of the front end 11. The central front part 18, which is provided with complementary tools 184 is arranged so as to project outwards from the body 1, that is to say the peripheral cutting edge 110. Also, since this central front part 18 rotates around XX ′ when the shaft 15 is rotated, the latter can carry out a pre-felling, or felling blank, at the center of the cutting face F. FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the central front part which can be mounted at the end of a central shaft 15, and which is designated at 18 '. This front part 18 'which is shown without additional tools but which can be provided with it, has the particularity of being not fixed on the shaft 15, but guided in sliding in the direction of XX' under the effect of a double-acting cylinder shown diagrammatically at 181 and disposed in the axial recess of the shaft 15, so that the latter can carry out a deeper felling blank by moving in a direction of advance approximately parallel to A Of course, when this felling blank is made, the front part 18 ′ can be returned in a direction opposite to that of the arrow A towards its rest position illustrated in FIG. 3. possible to use for the displacement of the front part 18 ', the same mechanisms as for the pivoting of the flaps 141 to 148. These mechanisms will now be described.

On comprend bien au vu des figures 1, 4, 6 et 8 que la troisième articulation de chaque volet pivotant du bouclier 130 est constituée par un pivot glissant, dont l'axe de pivotement et de coulissement-ici constitué par une barre- est orientée suivant un rayon de l'arbre central 15, et donc du corps 1. Par conséquent, l'axe de pivotement d'un volet est à peu près parallèle à l'axe de sa troisième articulation 54. La partie mobile qui est ici constituée par un oeillet traversé par la barre de guidage évoquée précédemment, est fixé au volet correspondant. Plus précisément, comme ceci ressort bien de la figure 1, chaque volet a la forme d'une portion de cercle, c'est-à-dire d'un V dont chaque extrémité libre est reliée par un arc de cercle. Chacun des trois coins de chaque volet 141 à 148, est relié à l'une des articulations 54, 154 ou 114 de ce volet. Sur les vues en coupe des dessins, on voit que la référence numérique 52 désigne un disque en forme d'une couronne à rayons, qui a l'instar de la cloison 253, comporte des ouvertures de regard, et qui est monté à coulissement au niveau de son orifice central, sur l'arbre 15. C'est sur ce disque 52 que la partie fixe de l'articulation en forme de pivot coulissant 54 de chaque volet est fixée. Evidemment, on peut également prévoir des éléments de guidage de la périphérie externe du disque 52, qui coopèreraient avec l'enveloppe interne 2 du corps 1. A proximité de l'arbre central 15, le disque 52 coopère avec une butée à billes ou analogue 51, et apte à permettre leur rotation relative suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X-X'. L'extrémité mobile de la tige d'au moins un vérin 5, ou analogues est fixée à une bague dite "fixe", bien que coulissant sur l'arbre 15, de la butée 51. Cette partie mobile des vérins 5 constitue un élément pouvant coulisser suivant la direction longitudinale X-X', sous l'effet de l'alimentation en fluide des vérins 5. Ce coulissement s'effectue entre une position de la butée à bille 51, et donc du disque 52 qui correspond à l'état ouvert du bouclier 130, et une position correspondant à son état d'obturation. Suivant l'exemple illustré, les corps de chacun des vérins 5 sont fixés à la cloison transversale 252, par exemple par soudage, et traverse des orifices appropriés réalisés dans la cloison transversale 253. Ces vérins ont leur axe longitudinal de coulissement disposé sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe X-X'. Il va de soi que d'autres agencements qui ne comportent pas forcément un pivot coulissant et des vérins peuvent également être prévus, tant qu'ils permettent à la fois le pivotement des volets 141 à 148 autour de leur axe, et ceci de préférence en permettant la rotation simultanée de l'arbre central 15.It is clearly understood in view of FIGS. 1, 4, 6 and 8 that the third articulation of each pivoting flap of the shield 130 is constituted by a sliding pivot, the pivot and sliding axis of which here consists of a bar is oriented along a radius of the central shaft 15, and therefore of the body 1. Consequently, the pivot axis of a flap is approximately parallel to the axis of its third articulation 54. The mobile part which is here constituted by an eyelet crossed by the guide bar mentioned above, is fixed to the corresponding flap. More precisely, as is clear from FIG. 1, each flap has the shape of a portion of a circle, that is to say of a V, each free end of which is connected by an arc of a circle. Each of the three corners of each flap 141 to 148 is connected to one of the articulations 54, 154 or 114 of this flap. In the sectional views of the drawings, it can be seen that the reference numeral 52 designates a disc in the form of a spoke crown, which, like the partition 253, has manhole openings, and which is slidably mounted at the level of its central orifice, on the shaft 15. It is on this disc 52 that the fixed part of the articulation in the form of a sliding pivot 54 of each flap is fixed. Obviously, it is also possible to provide elements for guiding the external periphery of the disc 52, which would cooperate with the internal casing 2 of the body 1. Near the central shaft 15, the disc 52 cooperates with a ball stop or the like. 51, and able to allow their relative rotation along a plane perpendicular to the axis XX '. The movable end of the rod of at least one jack 5, or the like is fixed to a so-called "fixed" ring, although sliding on the shaft 15, of the stop 51. This movable part of the jacks 5 constitutes an element able to slide in the longitudinal direction X-X ', under the effect of the fluid supply to the jacks 5. This sliding takes place between a position of the ball stop 51, and therefore of the disc 52 which corresponds to the open state of the shield 130, and a position corresponding to its closed state. According to the example illustrated, the bodies of each of the jacks 5 are fixed to the transverse partition 252, for example by welding, and passes through orifices suitable made in the transverse wall 253. These cylinders have their longitudinal axis of sliding disposed substantially parallel to the axis XX '. It goes without saying that other arrangements which do not necessarily include a sliding pivot and jacks can also be provided, as long as they allow both the flaps 141 to 148 to pivot about their axis, and this preferably by allowing the central shaft 15 to rotate simultaneously.

Maintenant, en se reportant aux figures (à l'exception de la figure 3), le passage de son état ouvert à son état d'obturation du bouclier 130, va être décrit, étant bien sûr entendu que le fonctionnement en sens inverse est similaire.Now, referring to the figures (with the exception of FIG. 3), the transition from its open state to its state of closing the shield 130 will be described, it being understood of course that the operation in reverse is similar .

Dans l'état ouvert du bouclier 130 (figures 1 et 2), les volets 141 à 148 du bouclier 130 s'étendent chacun suivant un plan à peu près parallèle à l'axe X-X', ou avec un angle faible par rapport à celui-ci. De fait, l'aire suivant un plan perpendiculaire à X-X' des ouvertures 161 à 168 du bouclier 130 est maximale, et donc sensiblement égale à l'ouverture du taillant 110. Dans cet état, les tiges des vérins 5 sont rentrées dans les corps de ceux-ci, de sorte que la longueur totale suivant X-X' de ces vérins est minimale. Comme on le voit sur la figure 1, cette longueur correspond à la distance entre la cloison transversale 252 et le disque 52. Dans cet état aussi, la partie solidaire des volets des articulations 54 est dans sa position la plus proche de l'arbre central 15.In the open state of the shield 130 (FIGS. 1 and 2), the flaps 141 to 148 of the shield 130 each extend along a plane roughly parallel to the axis XX ′, or with a small angle relative to to this one. In fact, the area along a plane perpendicular to XX 'of the openings 161 to 168 of the shield 130 is maximum, and therefore substantially equal to the opening of the cutting edge 110. In this state, the rods of the jacks 5 are returned to the bodies of these, so that the total length along XX 'of these cylinders is minimum. As can be seen in FIG. 1, this length corresponds to the distance between the transverse partition 252 and the disc 52. In this state also, the part secured to the flaps of the joints 54 is in its position closest to the central shaft 15.

Sous l'effet d'une commande appropriée, un fluide hydraulique est fourni au vérin 5 de sorte que la butée mobile 51 s'éloigne de la cloison transversale 252, sous l'effet de la sortie des tiges de ces vérins. Le déplacement de la butée 51 provoque le coulissement du disque 52 suivant A. De fait, puisque le disque 52 se rapproche de l'extrémité avant 11, les articulations 54 se déplacent suivant un mouvement à peu près hélicoïdal, simultanément vers le flanc F, à rotation dans un sens donné autour de X-X' et vers la périphérie du tunnelier T. Ceci ressort bien des figures 4 et 6 où l'on voit que la partie mobile des articulations 54 se déplace vers l'extérieur du disque 52. On voit sur les vues correspondantes que ce déplacement des parties mobiles engendre le pivotement des volets 141 à 148, et donc l'obturation des ouvertures 161 à 168.Under the effect of an appropriate command, a hydraulic fluid is supplied to the jack 5 so that the movable stop 51 moves away from the transverse partition 252, under the effect of the output of the rods of these jacks. The displacement of the stop 51 causes the disc 52 to slide along A. In fact, since the disc 52 approaches the front end 11, the joints 54 move in a roughly helical movement, simultaneously towards the flank F, with rotation in a given direction around XX 'and towards the periphery of the tunnel boring machine T. This is clear from FIGS. 4 and 6 where it can be seen that the mobile part of the joints 54 moves towards the outside of the disc 52. We see on the corresponding views that this displacement of the mobile parts generates the pivoting of the flaps 141 to 148, and therefore the closing of the openings 161 to 168.

En se reportant aux figures 8 et 9, qui représentent l'état d'obturation du bouclier 130, on voit qu'après que les articulations 54 aient atteint leur position d'éloignement maximal de l'axe X-X', les volets 141 à 148 forment conjointement un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X-X' et obturant l'ouverture centrale du taillant périphérique 110. Bien sûr, des éléments d'étanchéité peuvent être prévus à la périphérie de chaque volet 141 à 148 et/ou au niveau du disque rotatif 134, pour que dans leur position correspondant à l'état obturé du bouclier 130, l'extrémité avant 11 du corps 11 soit hermétiquement obturée.Referring to Figures 8 and 9, which show the shutter state of the shield 130, we see that after the joints 54 have reached their position of maximum distance from the axis XX ', the flaps 141 to 148 jointly form a plane perpendicular to the axis XX 'and closing the central opening of the peripheral cutter 110. Of course, sealing elements can be provided at the periphery of each flap 141 to 148 and / or at the level of the rotary disc 134, so that in their position corresponding to the closed state of the shield 130, the front end 11 of the body 11 is hermetically sealed.

Il va de soi que pour ouvrir à nouveau le bouclier 130, il suffit de commander les vérins 5 pour rétracter leur tige, ce qui provoque un mouvement inverse à celui qui vient d'être décrit.It goes without saying that to open the shield 130 again, it suffices to order the jacks 5 to retract their rod, which causes a reverse movement to that which has just been described.

Grâce à l'agencement particulier qui vient d'être décrit, on comprend que si le sol S dans lequel le tunnelier T doit creuser une galerie devient plus meuble, les volets 141 à 148 peuvent être au moins partiellement obturés, pour limiter la pénétration de déblais vers le tapis 41. Similairement, en fonction de la matière qui constitue ce sol S, l'angle des outils 14 peut être ajusté par rapport à la direction de X-X', et ce de manière continue durant l'avancée du tunnelier T. Ce tunnelier T est également particulièrement sûr dans la mesure où il permet, en cas d'effondrement du front F et/ou si des boues ou des liquides avaient tendance à pénétrer dans le tunnelier par l'extrémité avant 11, d'obturer le bouclier 130 jusqu'à ce qu'un assèchement du sol suffisant pour recommencer l'abattage soit effectué. Par ailleurs, on comprend aussi que le tunnelier T qui a été décrit permet une transformation rapide et sans frais d'un type à front de boue en un type à bouclier de pleine section, par exemple dans le cas où le sol S où une galerie G doit être creusée change de structure au fur et à mesure de l'avancée du tunnelier suivant A. Encore un autre avantage du tunnelier propre à l'invention, est que celui-ci offre une visibilité à son opérateur, par exemple si celui-ci se trouve dans la cabine 26, de sorte que les paramètres d'abattage et/ou d'avancée de ce tunnelier peuvent être ajustés de manière permanente, en fonction de la structure du sol qui constitue le front de taille F.Thanks to the particular arrangement which has just been described, it is understood that if the ground S in which the tunnel boring machine T has to dig a gallery becomes more loose, the flaps 141 to 148 can be at least partially closed, to limit the penetration of cuttings towards the carpet 41. Similarly, depending on the material which constitutes this soil S, the angle of the tools 14 can be adjusted with respect to the direction of XX ', and this continuously during the advance of the tunnel boring machine T. This tunnel boring machine T is also particularly safe insofar as it makes it possible, in the event of the front F collapsing and / or if sludge or liquids have tended to enter the boring tunnel through the front end 11 the shield 130 until sufficient drying of the soil to start the felling is carried out. Furthermore, it is also understood that the tunnel boring machine T which has been described allows a quick and free transformation from a mud front type to a full section shield type, for example in the case of the ground S where a gallery G must be dug changes its structure as the TBM advances along the next A. Yet another advantage of the TBM specific to the invention is that it provides visibility to its operator, for example if the operator This is in cabin 26, so that the felling and / or advancement parameters of this TBM can be permanently adjusted, depending on the structure of the ground which constitutes the size F front.

Bien sûr, l'invention n'est nullement limitée aux modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits, mais comprend également tous les équivalents ainsi que les combinaisons des moyens techniques expliqués si ceux-ci sont effectués suivant son esprit.Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiments which have just been described, but also includes all the equivalents as well as the combinations of the technical means explained if these are carried out according to the spirit.

Le tunnelier selon l'invention présente des avantages considérables. Il permet de varier l'angle d'abattage en fonction de l'état du terrain. Plus le terrain est dur, plus l'angle d'abattage est maximal et plus on peut ouvrir les volets. Lorsque le terrain est moins dur ou mou jusqu'à un état proche de l'état liquide, on diminuera l'angle d'abattage par fermeture des volets jusqu'à l'obturation totale. La variation de la position angulaire des volets permet aussi de réguler la quantité de la terre extraite. De plus, les volets produisent un effet de guidage de la terre qui a été enlevée, de façon qu'elle soit transmise au convoyeur 41.The TBM according to the invention has considerable advantages. It allows you to vary the felling angle depending on the state of the ground. The harder the ground, the greater the felling angle and the more the shutters can be opened. When the ground is less hard or soft up to a state close to the liquid state, the angle of slaughter will be reduced by closing the flaps until complete obturation. The variation of the angular position of the flaps also makes it possible to regulate the amount of earth extracted. In addition, the flaps produce a guiding effect on the soil which has been removed, so that it is transmitted to the conveyor 41.

Claims (13)

Tunnelier (T) pour le creusage de galeries (G) dans le sol (S), et du type comportant un corps (1) sensiblement cylindrique dont l'une des extrémités dite avant (11) définit en regard d'un front de taille (F) de la galerie, un taillant périphérique (110) à l'intérieur duquel un bouclier d'abattage (130) est monté à rotation, ce bouclier (130) qui est pourvu d'une pluralité d'outils (14, 134) aptes à creuser dans ledit front (F), étant solidaire d'un mécanisme (3) d'entraînement à rotation, un dispositif de déplacement du corps suivant l'avancée (A) de la galerie, ainsi qu'un système (4) d'évacuation des déblais par l'autre extrémité du corps dite arrière (12), caractérisé en ce que le bouclier (130) comprend au moins un volet (141-148) apte à pivoter autour d'un axe radial du corps (1) et sur lequel un ou plusieurs outils (14) sont agencés de sorte que l'angle d'inclinaison de ces outils peut être ajusté par rapport à la direction longitudinale (X-X') du corps sous l'effet du pivotement du volet autour de son axe.Tunneling machine (T) for the digging of galleries (G) in the ground (S), and of the type comprising a body (1) substantially cylindrical of which one of the ends called front (11) defines opposite a face of size (F) of the gallery, a peripheral cutter (110) inside which a felling shield (130) is rotatably mounted, this shield (130) which is provided with a plurality of tools (14, 134 ) suitable for digging in said front (F), being integral with a rotary drive mechanism (3), a device for moving the body along the advance (A) of the gallery, as well as a system (4 ) for removing the cuttings from the other end of the so-called rear body (12), characterized in that the shield (130) comprises at least one flap (141-148) able to pivot around a radial axis of the body ( 1) and on which one or more tools (14) are arranged so that the angle of inclination of these tools can be adjusted relative to the longitudinal direction (X-X ') of the c orps due to the pivoting of the shutter around its axis. Tunnelier (T) pour le creusage de galeries (G) dans le sol (S), et du type comportant un corps (1) sensiblement cylindrique dont l'une des extrémités dite avant (11) définit en regard d'un front de taille (F) de la galerie, un taillant périphérique (110) à l'intérieur duquel un bouclier d'abattage (130) est monté à rotation, ce bouclier (130) qui est pourvu d'une pluralité d'outils (14, 134) aptes à creuser dans ledit front (F), étant solidaire d'un mécanisme d'entraînement à rotation (3), un dispositif de déplacement du corps (1) suivant l'avancée de la galerie, ainsi qu'un système (4) d'évacuation des déblais par l'autre extrémité du corps dite arrière (12), caractérisé en ce que le bouclier (130) comporte au moins une ouverture (161-168) débouchant en regard du front de taille (F) et obturable au moins partiellement par un volet (141-148) apte à pivoter autour d'un axe radial du corps sous l'effet d'un ou plusieurs vérins ou analogue (5), de sorte que l'aire de ladite ouverture (161-168) dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale (X-X') du corps (1), peut être ajustée de préférence même durant la rotation du bouclier (130).Tunneling machine (T) for the digging of galleries (G) in the ground (S), and of the type comprising a body (1) substantially cylindrical of which one of the ends called front (11) defines opposite a face of size (F) of the gallery, a peripheral cutter (110) inside which a felling shield (130) is rotatably mounted, this shield (130) which is provided with a plurality of tools (14, 134 ) suitable for digging in said front (F), being integral with a rotary drive mechanism (3), a device for moving the body (1) according to the advance of the gallery, as well as a system (4 ) removal of the cuttings from the other end of the rear body (12), characterized in that the shield (130) has at least one opening (161-168) which opens facing the cutting face (F) and which can be closed at least partially by a flap (141-148) capable of pivoting around of a radial axis of the body under the effect of one or more jacks or the like (5), so that the area of said opening (161-168) in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (X-X ' ) of the body (1), can be preferably adjusted even during the rotation of the shield (130). Tunnelier selon la revendication 1 et/ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le bouclier (130) est constitué par au moins trois volets (141-148) solidaires en rotation d'un arbre central (15) du corps (1) et pouvant chacun pivoter entre un état ouvert où sensiblement seule la tranche de ce volet est en regard du front de taille (F), et un état d'obturation dans lequel le bouclier (130) isole l'intérieur du corps (1) de préférence hermétiquement, du front de taille (F).Tunneling machine according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the shield (130) consists of at least three flaps (141-148) integral in rotation with a central shaft (15) of the body (1) and each capable of pivot between an open state where substantially only the edge of this flap is facing the cutting face (F), and a closed state in which the shield (130) isolates the interior of the body (1) preferably hermetically, of the working face (F). Tunnelier suivant l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque volet (141-148) est monté sur le corps (1) par l'intermédiaire de trois articulations (54, 114, 154) , dont deux (114, 154) qui sont alignées à proximité du front de taille (F) constituent l'axe précité de pivotement, tandis que la troisième (54) qui a la forme d'un pivot glissant suivant un rayon du corps (1), est solidaire d'un élément (52) pouvant coulisser suivant la direction longitudinale (X-X') précitée, sous l'effet de vérins (5) ou analogues, entre une position correspondant à l'état ouvert et une position correspondant à l'état d'obturation du bouclier (130).Tunneling machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each flap (141-148) is mounted on the body (1) by means of three joints (54, 114, 154), two of which (114, 154) which are aligned near the cutting face (F) constitute the aforementioned pivot axis, while the third (54) which has the shape of a pivot pivoting along a radius of the body (1), is integral d 'an element (52) which can slide in the aforementioned longitudinal direction (X-X'), under the effect of jacks (5) or the like, between a position corresponding to the open state and a position corresponding to the state d shutter shield (130). Tunnelier selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que l'une (154) des deux articulations précitées qui constituent l'axe de pivotement de chaque volet (141-148), est montée sur l'arbre central (15) par rapport auquel coulisse l'élément (52) dont est solidaire la troisième articulation (54), tandis que l'autre est solidaire d'un disque (134) monté à rotation dans le taillant périphérique (110).Tunneling machine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that one (154) of the two aforementioned articulations which constitute the pivot axis of each flap (141-148), is mounted on the central shaft (15) relative to which slides the element (52) of which the third articulation (54) is integral, while the other is integral with a disc (134) rotatably mounted in the peripheral cutter (110). Tunnelier selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre central (15) comporte une partie avant centrale (18 ; 18') de forme effilée et munie d'au moins un outil (184), cette partie avant qui est orientée vers l'avant du corps (1) faisant saillie vers l'extérieur, du taillant périphérique (110).Tunneling machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central shaft (15) has a central front part (18; 18 ') of tapered shape and provided with at least one tool (184), this front part which is oriented towards the front of the body (1) projecting outwards, from the peripheral cutting edge (110). Tunnelier selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la partie avant centrale (18') précitée est montée à coulissement et déplaçable à l'aide d'un vérin ou analogue, suivant l'axe longitudinal (X-X') du corps (1).Tunneling machine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the aforementioned central front part (18 ') is slidably mounted and movable by means of a jack or the like, along the longitudinal axis (X-X') of the body ( 1). Tunnelier selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) comporte une enveloppe interne (2) et une enveloppe externe (17), montées concentriquement et équipées de moyens de positionnement et d'immobilisation (217) relatifs l'une dans l'autre.Tunneling machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (1) comprises an internal envelope (2) and an external envelope (17), mounted concentrically and equipped with positioning and immobilization means (217) relative to each other. Tunnelier selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe interne (2) du corps (1) comprend au moins deux zones pressurisables indépendamment et reliées par un sas.Tunneling machine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the internal envelope (2) of the body (1) comprises at least two independently pressurizable zones and connected by an airlock. Tunnelier selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) précité comporte, au niveau de son extrémité arrière (12), des moyens de relocalisation (127) du tunnelier (T) par rapport à une trajectoire prédéterminée prévue pour la galerie (G).Tunneling machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned body (1) comprises, at its rear end (12), means for relocating (127) the tunneling machine (T) relative to a predetermined trajectory provided for the gallery (G). Tunnelier selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un volet (141-148) précité présente la forme d'une portion de cercle et en ce que l'axe d'articulation du volet s'étend le long d'un bord radial de ce volet entre l'axe central du corps (1) et la périphérie du bouclier (130).Tunneling machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a said flap (141-148) has the shape of a portion of a circle and in that the axis of articulation of the flap extends along a radial edge of this flap between the central axis of the body (1) and the periphery of the shield (130). Tunnelier selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de la face frontale en regard d'un front de taille (F) de la galerie est formé par des volets en forme d'une portion d'un arc de cercle, de façon que ladite face frontale présente la forme d'une hélice dont les pales sont formées par les volets.Tunneling machine according to claim 11, characterized in that the whole of the front face opposite a cutting face (F) of the gallery is formed by flaps in the form of a portion of an arc of a circle, of so that said front face has the shape of a helix whose blades are formed by the flaps. Tunnelier selon l'une des revendications 4 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (52) portant les troisièmes articulations (54) des volets est réalisé sous forme d'une couronne montée coaxialement et axialement coulissante sur l'arbre central (15) du corps (1) du tunnelier.Tunneling machine according to one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the element (52) carrying the third articulations (54) of the flaps is produced in the form of a crown mounted coaxially and axially sliding on the central shaft (15 ) from the body (1) of the TBM.
EP94401323A 1993-06-14 1994-06-13 Whole front face tunneling machine Expired - Lifetime EP0631032B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9307145 1993-06-14
FR9307145A FR2706527B1 (en) 1993-06-14 1993-06-14 Full section frontal tunneling machine.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0631032A1 true EP0631032A1 (en) 1994-12-28
EP0631032B1 EP0631032B1 (en) 1999-03-24

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EP94401323A Expired - Lifetime EP0631032B1 (en) 1993-06-14 1994-06-13 Whole front face tunneling machine

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EP (1) EP0631032B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE178120T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69417294D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2706527B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109184721A (en) * 2018-10-18 2019-01-11 上海隧道工程有限公司 The tunneling construction method of the fixed rotation direction of shield cutter

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2846727B1 (en) 2002-10-30 2005-02-18 Claude Bresso SEAL JOINT ARRANGEMENT FOR TWO ARTICULATED PIECES
FR2846703B1 (en) 2002-10-30 2006-04-28 Claude Bresso ARRANGEMENT FOR SLAUGHING MATERIAL INTO SOIL, SUCH AS A GALLERIES CREAM TUNNELIER
CN109184717B (en) * 2018-11-12 2020-06-05 浙江中铁工程装备有限公司 Cutter head of shield machine

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FR1506054A (en) * 1966-12-23 1967-12-15 Mekh Zd N Deg 5 Mechanized tunnel digging shield
DE1966242A1 (en) * 1969-03-24 1971-12-16 Bade & Co Gmbh Drill head for a shield machine for driving into tunnels?
EP0025475A1 (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-03-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki A shield-type tunneling machine
US4607889A (en) * 1984-11-29 1986-08-26 Daiho Construction Co., Ltd. Shield tunnel boring machine
EP0192847A1 (en) * 1985-01-29 1986-09-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki Shield tunneling machine
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CN109184721A (en) * 2018-10-18 2019-01-11 上海隧道工程有限公司 The tunneling construction method of the fixed rotation direction of shield cutter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2706527A1 (en) 1994-12-23
FR2706527B1 (en) 1996-01-05
DE69417294D1 (en) 1999-04-29
ATE178120T1 (en) 1999-04-15
EP0631032B1 (en) 1999-03-24

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