EP0629356B1 - Process and apparatus for the production of fibre strands - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the production of fibre strands Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0629356B1
EP0629356B1 EP94105036A EP94105036A EP0629356B1 EP 0629356 B1 EP0629356 B1 EP 0629356B1 EP 94105036 A EP94105036 A EP 94105036A EP 94105036 A EP94105036 A EP 94105036A EP 0629356 B1 EP0629356 B1 EP 0629356B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
fibre
strip
strips
strands
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94105036A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0629356A1 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Dipl.-Chem. Teufel
Christoph Dipl.-Ing. Greiner
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Leutner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerdia Produktions GmbH
Original Assignee
Rhodia Acetow GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0629356A1 publication Critical patent/EP0629356A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0629356B1 publication Critical patent/EP0629356B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0295—Process control means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H16/00—Marine propulsion by muscle power
    • B63H16/04—Oars; Sculls; Paddles; Poles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for Producing a fiber strand or a plurality of coated fiber strands, especially for the production of filter strands for cigarettes and other smokable, rod-shaped articles, and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • the known device consists essentially from a processing device in which a supplied Filter tow stripes, among other things, a stretch and subjected to bagging, an accessory for applying an additional filter material component on the prepared filter tow strips, a format device for forming a Filter strands by summarizing and wrapping the processed Filter tow strip with a wrapping material and one Cutting device for sequential cutting of filter rods from the filter string.
  • a processing device in which a supplied Filter tow stripes, among other things, a stretch and subjected to bagging, an accessory for applying an additional filter material component on the prepared filter tow strips, a format device for forming a Filter strands by summarizing and wrapping the processed Filter tow strip with a wrapping material and one Cutting device for sequential cutting of filter rods from the filter string.
  • a pair of driven brake rollers which Pulls the filter towstrip off a filter towball.
  • Such a preparation part is for example a commercially available AF 2 the Körber AG, Hamburg. That described in DE 41 09 603 A1 Processing part with a driven Brake roller pair has the following disadvantages: The further the filter tow strip from the bale, the longer becomes the piece of the filter tow strip between the bales and the pulling roller pair, whereby the weight of the Piece of filter tow strip between the bale surface and the pulling roller increases and with it the filter tow strip is stretched.
  • the object of the present invention is a method or a device for producing a fiber strand Specify one or more fiber strands that are more productive with consistently good quality of the manufactured Enable fiber strands or filter strands. Especially should in the processing facility of the Device processed amount of fiber strips or Filter tow should be kept as constant as possible.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention at least one fiber strand, in particular for manufacturing at least one filter strand for generating Filters for cigarettes and other smokable rod-shaped ones Article, at least one fiber strip, especially one Filter tow strips, subtracted from a supply and one subjected to further processing in which the fiber strip (s) among other things, stretched and exaggerated.
  • the fiber strip (s) among other things, stretched and exaggerated.
  • a sliver of braking force can balance certain properties of the fiber strip which in turn influence the properties of the fiber strand.
  • Such characteristics of the Fibers are e.g. the crimp index and the total titer.
  • the braking force on the fiber strips can be regulated manually will. It is preferably automatically via a appropriate control and regulation system regulated.
  • To automatically control the braking force on the To enable fiber strips is e.g. a characteristic size of the filter strands produced recorded and measured.
  • the amount of feed to be processed The fiber strip is then measured depending on the Instantaneous value or actual value and from specified Values, such as a setpoint for each measured characteristic size, on the regulation of the braking force adjusted to the or the fiber strips.
  • a characteristic size of the filter strand produced or the filter strands generated or the produced Fiber strands are detected and measured, means this that this capture both on - endless - Filter strand or on the - endless - filter strands or on the - endless - fiber strands as well as on the - finite - Filter rods can be made.
  • the device according to the invention can simultaneously have several Fiber strands e.g. from one pulled from a bale Fibers or from several of several Bales of stripped fiber strips are made. Preferably becomes at least a characteristic quantity for each of the fiber strands generated simultaneously and measured and from the measurement results and predetermined target values an average value for the braking force is determined. This average braking force then affects all of the preparation fed fiber strips.
  • the supply amount for each of the Fiber strips individually assigned to each Braking force can be set. This can then be done for everyone stripped fiber strips before moving the peeling roller reached in the processing device, a pressure-controlled Brake roller pair are used by the respective Fiber strips runs through.
  • the inventive method or the inventive Device can also be a single filter string made from a single, stripped fiber strip with a characteristic size, e.g. the Density and thus the - length-related - mass of the manufactured Filter strands, is detected and measured and where the amount of the fiber strip to be processed depending from the measurement result and from other specified ones Values controlled via the braking force on the fiber strip or regulated.
  • a characteristic size e.g. the Density and thus the - length-related - mass of the manufactured Filter strands
  • a braking device for applying the braking force to the Fibrous stripes can or can generally be a pair of brake rollers several pairs of brake rollers are used, through which one fiber strip runs at a time.
  • the rollers of these brake roller pairs are, as already mentioned, not driven themselves.
  • It is a corresponding adjustable control device provided that e.g. pneumatic, hydraulic or works in another suitable way and one the brake rollers with a corresponding force in the direction the other roller of the brake roller pair presses to one apply the appropriate braking force to the fiber strips, that run through the brake roller pair.
  • the braking device can e.g. have two pairs of brake rollers when in the processing device two fiber strips simultaneously should be processed, from which then by the subsequent processing steps generated two fiber strands should be.
  • the two brake roller pairs can be "coupled” be, i.e. there are two separate ones Brake roller pairs available, these brake roller pairs but are simultaneously one and the same Actuating device actuated.
  • the brake roller pairs thus generate equal braking forces on those running through them Fiber strips.
  • At least one brake rod can also be used as the braking device are used, over which the fiber strips are passed, at least one of the brake rods being movable, so that the position of the brake rods relative to each other can be changed can adjust the braking force on the fiber strips to be able to.
  • the braking device can be at least one Have brake plate over which the fiber strips are guided are, the brake plate is movable to the braking force to adjust or change the fiber strips.
  • the supplied fiber strips can be one generate uniform quality of the filter strands generated, even if the fiber strips fed are relatively large Have deviations from the target specifications.
  • the braking force can be adjusted without it manual reset of the machine by the staff requirement.
  • fiber strands can also be achieved in this way are produced by simultaneously using several fiber strands be, the fiber strands produced simultaneously from at least one continuously fed fiber strip be produced and at least one characteristic Size of the fiber strands produced and measured and the feed amount of the fiber strip or the fiber strip automatically depending on the measurement result is controlled.
  • This method according to the invention can be used simultaneously several covered fiber strands from at least one Produce continuously fed fiber strips.
  • the quality of the fiber strands produced is monitored, by making a characteristic size of the manufactured Fiber strands are detected and evaluated to determine the Feed amount of the fiber strip or the fiber strips over to adjust the braking force control, e.g. a uniform density or mass of the fiber strands produced to ensure.
  • the device according to the invention has for simultaneous Making several covered fiber strands one Processing device, the at least one fiber strip, in particular a filter towstrip, a format device that simultaneously feeds several separate fiber strands from the fed fiber strips, which with Envelope material is wrapped forms.
  • this device e.g. produces two strands at the same time, can double the productivity of fiber strand manufacturing be without increased personnel costs or Space required to accommodate this double strand machine would be necessary.
  • the device according to the invention has a measuring device on, with the important properties and sizes of the manufactured Fiber strands or filter rods during production can be monitored.
  • Such characteristics and Quality parameters for fiber strands or filter rods are e.g. their density or mass, their tensile resistance and Diameter.
  • the processing facility in this case ensures that the supply quantity for each of the two fiber strands can be regulated individually.
  • this individually adjustable brake roller pairs are used, each through one of the fiber strips passes in the processing device in order to the feed quantity for further processing automatically adjust.
  • the braking force exerted on the fiber strips can Supply quantity vary within certain limits in order to achieve the ones to be achieved To be able to comply with filter tolerances.
  • the Brake roller pair consists of a rubber-coated roller and a steel roller. The braking of the fiber strip takes place through the flexing work of the rubber-coated roller on the steel roller, the fiber strip the rollers drives.
  • a double-wide fiber strip is preferably used, the on its central tear line in the processing device in two single-width fiber strips is separated.
  • the separated, single widths Fiber strips or the two halves of the strip of have a bale of wide fiber strips drawn off advantageously essentially the same Material properties, especially the same amount or Mass per length, so that there are strong differences in the important material properties safely avoided and so the tolerances of the fiber strands in the double fiber strand production can be safely observed.
  • the preferred double-wide, divisible fiber stripe draws is therefore characterized by the fact that all are for the fiber strand production quality-related parameters due to manufacturing in both fiber strip halves only can differ insignificantly, since both halves of the double-width fiber strips in the same operation to be produced.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention exists in that as the characteristic size of the generated Fiber strands whose mass is recorded and determined.
  • the feed quantity can depend on the measured mass measurement values on the braking force on the stripped fiber strips can be set.
  • the characteristic size of the fiber strands produced Draw resistance of the filter rods determined.
  • Dependent on from the determined tensile resistance measured value is the feed quantity of the fiber strip in the sense of keeping the Traction resistance with the braking device in the processing device regulated.
  • the relevant properties can be achieved by the invention of the fiber strands produced optimally adjusted and are permanently complied with during production.
  • the setting or control of the Amount about measuring the characteristic size, like e.g. the tensile resistance, ensures that the tensile behavior of cigarettes when smoking through the filter is affected.
  • Figure 1 is an inventive device as a double filter rod machine for simultaneous production two filter strands, especially for the production of Filters for cigarettes and comparable smokable items, shown in a schematic side view.
  • the device according to the invention essentially has an arrangement 8, 9, 10 over which a double-wide, divisible filter tow strip of a processing device 1 is supplied.
  • the processing device 1 follows a format device 3 for simultaneous production two coated filter strands from the withdrawn and prepared filter tow strips.
  • the processing device 1 has a braking device 4, a driven pair of drawing rollers 12, a second driven pair of stretching rollers 11, a spreader nozzle 13, a spray box 14 and a pair of deflection rollers 15 (FIG 3).
  • the braking device 4 comprises the processing device 1 two arranged side by side Brake roller pairs 4.1 and 4.2 and an adjusting device 60, which consists of two pneumatic cylinder piston units which is a cylinder 4.4 and an associated one Have pistons 4.9.
  • a U-shaped support part 4.7 is attached, in an associated brake roller 4.11 of the brake roller pair 4.1 is stored.
  • the pneumatic cylinder piston unit in the U-shaped support 4.7 mounted roller 4.11 up against a second Press roller 4.12 of roller pair 4.1 to apply the braking force on those running between the rollers of the pair of rollers To set filter tow strips.
  • the two single-width filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 are separated by means of a separating device 16, e.g. as Wedge or can be designed as a divider and which is arranged above the brake rollers, by cutting a double-wide, divisible filter tow strip 6 won.
  • the double-wide, divisible filter towstrip 6 is continuously by a bale 7 from the first pair of stretching rollers 12 of the processing device 1, the double-wide filter tow stripe after removal from the bale 7 on its way to the pair of drafting rollers 12 a guide roller 8 is guided and two air nozzles 9 and 10, the spread and loosening of double widths Serve filter towstrip happens.
  • Triacetin Triacetin and then fed to a pair of guide rollers 15.
  • the two pairs of stretching rollers 11 and 12 and the pair of deflecting rollers 15 are powered, whereas the two Brake roller pairs 4.1 and 4.2 of the braking device 4 in the Processing device 1 are not driven.
  • the stretching roller pairs 11 and 12 form together with the Devices 13, 14 and 15 a single drafting system, which in essential when processing the double width Filter tow strip or during simultaneous processing of the two single-width filter tow strips without major modifications can and cannot be maintained must be interpreted twice.
  • the two filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 arrive at the Duplicate inlet funnels 19 of the format device 3, in which the two single-width filter tow strips can be combined to form a filter string and in each case on one of bobbins 21 and by means of a gluing device 22 provided with glue wrapping strips 23 are provided.
  • the respective wrapping material strip 23 and the respective filter train each on a format tape 24 of the format device 3, which has two parallel format tapes.
  • Each of the two format tapes leads the ones lying on it Components through a format 26 designed as a double format and that is the respective wrapping material strip 23 wraps around the associated filter string, thereby enveloping Filter strands 27.1 and 27.2 are formed.
  • the so generated wrapped filter strands running side by side pass through a double seam plate 28, in which the adhesive seams the coated filter strands running side by side 27.1 and 27.2 are closed.
  • the filter strings running in parallel each by means of a Cutting device 29 continuously in side by side Filter rods 31 cut into a duplicate Storage drum 32 are transferred in which they are in a transverse axial conveying direction are diverted where they are about a duplicate test drum 33 on a deposit belt 34 are transferred from which they are further processed or temporarily stored.
  • the filter manufacturing machine has a known one Measuring device 46 with which a characteristic Size of the filter strands 27.1 and 27.2, in the present Case the density or the mass of the filter strands, determined becomes.
  • the measuring device 46 is with a control device 48 connected to which the measured mass values as a signal be issued.
  • a radioactive radiation source beta emitter
  • This measuring device is described in DE OS 22 08 944 described in detail on their content in this regard explicit reference is made here.
  • the measuring device can be a known device further measuring means for detecting a second characteristic Size of the filter strands, namely the train resistances the separated filter rods 31 and thus the filter strands Include 27.1 and 27.2.
  • a test drum 33 used with the tensile resistances of the filter rods of the individual filter strands 27.1 and 27.2 be measured.
  • the measurement of the tensile resistance of filter rods with a test drum is known per se. For this purpose, for example, DE-OS 41 09 603 A1 pointed out. A more detailed explanation of the test drum and the associated measurement process is therefore not carried out here.
  • the test drum 33 is connected to the control device 48 connected, depending on the tensile resistance measurements and generates control signals from the measured mass values, with which the two pairs of brake rollers 4.1 and 4.2 of the Brake device 4 controlled to adjust the braking force to the amount of single width to be processed Adjust fiber strips 6.1 or 6.2.
  • a measuring means 49 for detecting the tensile resistances of the individual filter strands can be provided. On such Measuring equipment is e.g. pointed out in DE OS 41 09 603 A1.
  • the tensile resistance measurements just mentioned can additionally for density measurement or as an alternative measurement are used and are therefore shown in FIG their output signals shown with dashed lines.
  • measuring means 46 for the density of the finished filter strands can be provided with a double measuring head Radiation works that penetrates the fiber strands.
  • Double measuring head can use beta radiation, for example.
  • the control device 48 e.g. a microprocessor or a microcomputer with ROM, RAM, CPU and corresponding input / output units can only have that assigned to the weight of the filter strands Density signal is evaluated to the braking device 4 to be controlled in the processing device 1.
  • Figure 4 shows the functional relationship between the Mass of the filter strands 27.1 or 27.2 and the output signal the measuring device 46. As can be seen from FIG is between the determined mass and the Density signal a linear relationship.
  • the control device 48 evaluates the incoming density signals for the from two filter strands 27.1 and 27.2, forms from the signals an average and compares this Actual value with a stored target value TARGET for the Density of the filter strands. The comparison shows that the current mass of filter strands 27.1 and 27.2 lower than the target value is TARGET, the control device 48 outputs an electrical control signal to the actuator in the braking device 4 from this electrical control signal in a corresponding stroke of the cylinder piston units of the actuating device 60, i.e.
  • the control device 48 determines the corresponding control signal e.g.
  • Figure 6 is to illustrate the previously described Control and regulation processes in a control loop Schematic block form of the essential Shows institutions that are involved in the regulation.
  • the double measuring head enters frequency-modulated measurement signal from a frequency / voltage converter converted into an electrical signal becomes.
  • the electrical signal is with the setpoint SHOULD be compared, which is output by a setpoint generator 48.1 becomes.
  • the comparator 48.3 gives the comparison result to a controller 48.2 which does the aforementioned electrical Control signal generated.
  • controller 48.2 e.g.
  • a conventional PID controller can be used or, as before mentions a microprocessor or a microcomputer that then in addition to the controller function, the comparison function of comparator 48.3 and the function of the setpoint generator 48.1 takes over.
  • the facilities are 48.1, 48.2 and 48.3 contained in the control device 48.
  • the electrical Control signal is via appropriate lines or cabling output to a voltage / pressure converter 60.1, the supplied electrical control signal in a corresponding pressure signal or in a corresponding one Pressure to control the pneumatic actuators or actuating unit in the actuating device 60 the braking force on the filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 before the filter tow strips of the subsequent processing device 1 and then the format device 3 are supplied.
  • the aim of the regulation is it, the supply amount of the filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 set a constant value by the setpoint SHOULD be from setpoint generator 48.1 of control device 48 is generated, is given.
  • the Braking device 4 as an alternative means of brake rods 4.22 and 4.21, which are shown schematically in FIG Side view are shown.
  • a holder 4.20 is arranged on the Ends of the brake rods 4.22 and 4.21 are attached.
  • the Holder 4.20 is designed to be rotatable about an axis that is parallel runs to the axes of the brake rods 4.22 and 4.21.
  • FIG. 7 shows a direction of rotation of the holder 4.20 of the curved double arrow. Hence moved the holder 4.20 turns parallel to one another a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and the axes the brake rods 4.21 and 4.22.
  • a drive for the rotatable holder 4.20 of the present bar brake according to the figure 7 can be an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic Serve drive mechanism.
  • By turning the holder the position of the brake rods 4.22 and 4.21 is changed, so that the wrap angle of the filter tow strips also on the brake rods that changes across the brake rods, as shown in Figure 7, and accordingly a changed braking force on the filter tow strips acts.
  • FIG. 4 Another alternative embodiment is shown in FIG the braking device 4 in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1.
  • two brake plates 4.24 and 4.25 used the have semicircular cross section.
  • the two brake plates 4.24 and 4.25 are offset from each other arranged and in the opposite direction over a corresponding drive mechanism, not shown here becomes displaceable, the directions of movement of the Brake plates 4.24 and 4.25 in Figure 8 by appropriate Arrows are indicated.
  • the filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 are around the brake plates 4.25 and 4.24 in this Sequence in the direction of the filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 led.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A description is given of a process for the simultaneous production of at least one fibre strand, at least one fibre strip being drawn off a supply (7), the at least one drawn-off fibre strip being fed for treatment, in the case of which the fibre strip is, inter alia, stretched and puffed up, the at least one treated fibre strip being brought together, in a formatting device (3), to form a fibre strand or filter strands (27.1, 27.2) which are provided with a sheathing material (23) in order to form one or more continuous, sheathed fibre strands, in particular filter strands (27.1, 27.2), the fibre strip or the fibre strips being subjected, at the beginning of the treatment, to a braking force in order to adjust the quantity to be processed and/or other properties of the fibre strip or of the fibre strips, the braking force being automatically adjusted. A description is given of two apparatuses which are particularly suitable for carrying out this process. The invention permits a higher degree of productivity along with the same good quality of the fibre strands or filter strands produced. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Faserstrangs oder mehrerer umhüllter Faserstränge, insbesondere zum Herstellen von Filtersträngen für Zigaretten und andere rauchbare, stabförmige Artikel, und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The present invention relates to a method for Producing a fiber strand or a plurality of coated fiber strands, especially for the production of filter strands for cigarettes and other smokable, rod-shaped articles, and an apparatus for performing the method.

Bei der Massenproduktion von Zigaretten und anderen derartigen Rauchartikeln werden Filter verwendet, die aus einem Band aus Celluloseacetatfasern oder anderen geeigneten Materialien hergestellt werden. Dieses Band, der sogenannte Filtertowstreifen, wird von einem Vorratsballen abgezogen, für die weitere Verarbeitung aufbereitet und dann in einer Formateinrichtung zu einem runden Faserstrang zusammengefaßt und mit einem Hüllmaterial, z.B. einem Papierstreifen, versehen. Dieser Filterstrang wird schließlich in einzelne Filterstäbe zerschnitten.In the mass production of cigarettes and other such Smoking articles are used that consist of a filter Tape made from cellulose acetate fibers or other suitable materials getting produced. This band, the so-called Filter tow strip, is pulled from a supply bale, prepared for further processing and then in one Format device combined into a round fiber strand and with a wrapping material, e.g. a strip of paper, Mistake. This filter string is finally in cut individual filter rods.

Ein bekanntes Verfahren zum Herstellen von Filterstäben für Zigaretten und eine zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung werden in der DE 41 09 603 A1 beschrieben. Die bekannte Vorrichtung besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Aufbereitungseinrichtung, in der ein zugeführter Filtertowstreifen unter anderem einer Streckung und einer Aufbauschung unterworfen wird, einer Zusatzeinrichtung zum Aufbringen einer zusätzlichen Filtermaterialkomponente auf den aufbereiteten Filtertowstreifen, einer Formateinrichtung zum Bilden eines Filterstrangs durch Zusammenfassen und Umhüllen des aufbereiteten Filtertowstreifens mit einem Hüllmaterial und einer Schneideinrichtung zum aufeinanderfolgenden Abtrennen von Filterstäben von dem Filterstrang. Mit der bekannten Vorrichtung wird ein Einzelfilterstrang hergestellt.A known method for producing filter rods for cigarettes and one for performing this procedure suitable devices are described in DE 41 09 603 A1. The known device consists essentially from a processing device in which a supplied Filter tow stripes, among other things, a stretch and subjected to bagging, an accessory for applying an additional filter material component on the prepared filter tow strips, a format device for forming a Filter strands by summarizing and wrapping the processed Filter tow strip with a wrapping material and one Cutting device for sequential cutting of filter rods from the filter string. With the known A single filter train is produced in the device.

In der Aufbereitungseinrichtung der bekannten Vorrichtung ist ein angetriebenes Bremswalzenpaar vorgesehen, das den Filtertowstreifen von einem Filtertowballen abzieht. Es sind nach dem Stand der Technik auch Aufbereitungsteile bekannt, die am Einlauf des Aufbereitungsteils ein nicht angetriebenes Bremswalzenpaar benutzen. Ein solches Aufbereitungsteil ist beispielsweise ein handelsübliches AF 2 der Körber AG, Hamburg. Das in der DE 41 09 603 A1 beschriebene Aufbereitungsteil mit einem angetriebenen Bremswalzenpaar hat folgende Nachteile: Je weiter der Filtertowstreifen von dem Ballen abgezogen wird, desto länger wird das Stück des Filtertowstreifens zwischen dem Ballen und dem abziehenden Walzenpaar, wodurch das Gewicht des Stücks des Filtertowstreifens zwischen der Ballenoberfläche und der abziehenden Walze zunimmt und damit der Filtertowstreifen gedehnt wird. Außerdem wird bei zunehmender Schlepplänge des Filtertowstreifens bei hohen Abzugsgeschwindigkeiten die auf den Filtertowstreifen wirkende Luftreibung immer größer, was ebenfalls zu einer Vordehnung des Filtertowstreifens führt. Diese Dehnung bedeutet jedoch, daß dem abziehenden Walzenpaar ein immer geringer werdendes Gewicht des Filtertowstreifens pro Zeiteinheit bzw. pro Längeneinheit zugeführt wird, d.h., daß sich die zugeführte Menge des Filtertowstreifens bei Konstanz der Geschwindigkeit der Bremswalze ändert. Dies wirkt sich nachteilig auf den erzeugten Filterstrang aus, da sich seine Dichte mit der Änderung der zugeführten Menge des Filtertowstreifens auch ändert. Wird die Zuführmenge des Filtertowstreifens zu gering, wird dementsprechend die Dichte bzw. die Masse des erzeugten Filterstabs bzw. Filterstrangs zu gering, so daß die erzeugten Filterstränge bzw. Filterstäbe unbrauchbar sind und Ausschuß bedeuten. Ein nicht angetriebenes Bremswalzenpaar bzw. eine "geschleppte" Bremswalze gleicht diesen Nachteil und weiter vom Filterstrang herrührende Schwankungen, z.B. Kräuselindexschwankungen, die Auswirkungen auf die Qualität der Filterstränge haben würden, teilweise aus. Im zitierten Aufbereitungsteil AF 2 wird je nach Spezifikation des Filtertowstreifens bei der Verarbeitung eine konstant einzustellende Bremskraft auf das geschleppte Walzenpaar aufgebracht. Dies ergibt sich aus der Broschüre "Technische Information 2-01" die "Kabelkennlinie" der Rhodia AG, Ausgabe Januar 1989. Die Regelung der Masse im Filterstrang erfolgt nach dem Stand der Technik durch Veränderung der Zuführgeschwindigkeit der angetriebenen Walzen.In the processing device of the known device a pair of driven brake rollers is provided, which Pulls the filter towstrip off a filter towball. It are also processing parts according to the state of the art known that not at the inlet of the treatment part Use a pair of driven brake rollers. Such a preparation part is for example a commercially available AF 2 the Körber AG, Hamburg. That described in DE 41 09 603 A1 Processing part with a driven Brake roller pair has the following disadvantages: The further the filter tow strip from the bale, the longer becomes the piece of the filter tow strip between the bales and the pulling roller pair, whereby the weight of the Piece of filter tow strip between the bale surface and the pulling roller increases and with it the filter tow strip is stretched. It also increases Drag length of the filter tow strip at high take-off speeds the one acting on the filter towstrip Air friction getting bigger, which also leads to a Preliminary stretching of the filter tow strip leads. This stretch means, however, that the pulling roller pair is always a decreasing weight of the filter tow strip per Unit of time or per unit length, i.e. that the amount of the filter tow strip supplied increases Constancy of the speed of the brake roller changes. This has a negative effect on the filter strand generated, since its density changes with the change in the supplied Amount of filter tow stripe also changes. Will the The supply amount of the filter tow strip is too small accordingly the density or the mass of the generated Filter rods or filter strands too small, so that the generated filter strands or filter rods are unusable and mean committee. A pair of non-driven brake rollers or a "dragged" brake roller is the same Disadvantage and further from the filter strand Fluctuations, e.g. Ripple index fluctuations, the impact would have on the quality of the filter strands partially out. In the cited preparation part AF 2 each according to the specification of the filter tow strip during processing a constant braking force on the trailed pair of rollers applied. This follows from the brochure "Technical Information 2-01" "Cable characteristic" of Rhodia AG, January 1989 edition The mass in the filter train is regulated according to the status technology by changing the feeding speed of the driven rollers.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren bzw. eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Faserstrangs oder mehrerer Faserstränge anzugeben, die eine höhere Produktivität bei gleichbleibend guter Qualität der hergestellten Faserstränge bzw. Filterstränge ermöglichen. Insbesondere soll die in der Aufbereitungseinrichtung der Vorrichtung verarbeitete Menge an Faserstreifen bzw. Filtertow möglichst konstant gehalten werden.The object of the present invention is a method or a device for producing a fiber strand Specify one or more fiber strands that are more productive with consistently good quality of the manufactured Enable fiber strands or filter strands. Especially should in the processing facility of the Device processed amount of fiber strips or Filter tow should be kept as constant as possible.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht in einem Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1. The solution to this problem is a procedure according to claim 1.

Des weiteren ist Bestandteil der Lösung obiger Aufgabe eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 12.Furthermore, part of the solution to the above task a device according to claim 12.

Demnach wird beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Herstellen mindestens eines Faserstrangs, insbesondere zum Herstellen mindestens eines Filterstrangs zur Erzeugung von Filtern für Zigaretten und andere rauchbare stabförmige Artikel, mindestens ein Faserstreifen, insbesondere ein Filtertowstreifen, von einem Vorrat abgezogen und einer weiteren Aufbereitung unterzogen, bei der der bzw. die Faserstreifen unter anderem gestreckt und aufgebauscht werden. Bei der Aufbereitung des zugeführten Filtertowstreifens bzw. der zugeführten Faserstreifen werden diese zuerst einer Bremskraft ausgesetzt. Diese ist automatisch regelbar und sorgt dafür, daß die längenbezogene Masse der gebildeten Faserstränge konstant bleibt.Accordingly, the manufacturing method according to the invention at least one fiber strand, in particular for manufacturing at least one filter strand for generating Filters for cigarettes and other smokable rod-shaped ones Article, at least one fiber strip, especially one Filter tow strips, subtracted from a supply and one subjected to further processing in which the fiber strip (s) among other things, stretched and exaggerated. When processing the supplied filter tow strip or the fed fiber strips, these become first exposed to a braking force. This is automatic controllable and ensures that the length-related mass of the formed fiber strands remains constant.

Über die auf z.B. einen Faserstreifen ausgeübte Bremskraft können bestimmte Eigenschaften des Faserstreifens ausgeglichen werden, die ihrerseits Einfluß auf die Eigenschaften des Faserstrangs haben. Solche Eigenschaften des Faserstreifens sind z.B. der Kräuselindex und der Gesamttiter.About the on e.g. a sliver of braking force can balance certain properties of the fiber strip which in turn influence the properties of the fiber strand. Such characteristics of the Fibers are e.g. the crimp index and the total titer.

Die Bremskraft auf den Faserstreifen kann manuell geregelt werden. Vorzugsweise wird sie automatisch über ein entsprechendes Steuerungs- und Regelungssystem geregelt.The braking force on the fiber strips can be regulated manually will. It is preferably automatically via a appropriate control and regulation system regulated.

Um eine automatische Regelung der Bremskraft auf die Faserstreifen zu ermöglichen, wird z.B. eine charakteristische Größe der hergestellten Filterstränge erfaßt und gemessen. Die zu verarbeitende Menge des zugeführten Faserstreifens wird dann in Abhängigkeit vom gemessenen Momentanwert bzw. Istwert und von vorgegebenen Werten, wie z.B. einem Sollwert für die jeweils gemessene charakteristische Größe, über die Regelung der Bremskraft auf den oder die Faserstreifen eingestellt.To automatically control the braking force on the To enable fiber strips is e.g. a characteristic size of the filter strands produced recorded and measured. The amount of feed to be processed The fiber strip is then measured depending on the Instantaneous value or actual value and from specified Values, such as a setpoint for each measured characteristic size, on the regulation of the braking force adjusted to the or the fiber strips.

Wenn gemäß vorliegender Erfindung die Rede davon ist, daß eine charakteristische Größe des hergestellten Filterstrangs bzw. der erzeugten Filterstränge oder der hergestellten Faserstränge erfaßt und gemessen wird, so bedeutet dieses, daß diese Erfassung sowohl am - endlosen - Filterstrang bzw. an den - endlosen - Filtersträngen oder an den - endlosen - Fasersträngen als auch an den - endlichen - Filterstäben vorgenommen werden kann. If according to the present invention it is said that a characteristic size of the filter strand produced or the filter strands generated or the produced Fiber strands are detected and measured, means this that this capture both on - endless - Filter strand or on the - endless - filter strands or on the - endless - fiber strands as well as on the - finite - Filter rods can be made.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können gleichzeitig mehrere Faserstränge z.B. aus einem von einem Ballen abgezogenen Faserstreifen oder aus mehreren von entsprechend mehreren Ballen abgezogenen Faserstreifen hergestellt werden. Vorzugsweise wird wenigstens eine charakteristische Größe für jeden der gleichzeitig erzeugten Faserstränge erfaßt und gemessen und aus den Meßergebnissen und vorgegebenen Sollwerten ein mittlerer Wert für die Bremskraft ermittelt. Diese mittlere Bremskraft wirkt dann auf alle der Aufbereitung zugeführten Faserstreifen ein.With the inventive method or The device according to the invention can simultaneously have several Fiber strands e.g. from one pulled from a bale Fibers or from several of several Bales of stripped fiber strips are made. Preferably becomes at least a characteristic quantity for each of the fiber strands generated simultaneously and measured and from the measurement results and predetermined target values an average value for the braking force is determined. This average braking force then affects all of the preparation fed fiber strips.

Alternativ hierzu kann die Zuführmenge für jeden der Faserstreifen individuell über eine jeweils zugeordnete Bremskraft eingestellt werden. Hierzu kann dann für jeden abgezogenen Faserstreifen, bevor er die abziehende Walze in der Aufbereitungseinrichtung erreicht, ein druckgeregeltes Bremswalzenpaar verwendet werden, durch das der jeweilige Faserstreifen hindurchläuft.Alternatively, the supply amount for each of the Fiber strips individually assigned to each Braking force can be set. This can then be done for everyone stripped fiber strips before moving the peeling roller reached in the processing device, a pressure-controlled Brake roller pair are used by the respective Fiber strips runs through.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann auch ein einziger Filterstrang aus einem einzigen, abgezogenen Faserstreifen hergestellt werden, wobei eine charakteristische Größe, wie z.B. die Dichte und damit die - längenbezogene - Masse des hergestellten Filterstrangs, erfaßt und gemessen wird und wobei die zu verarbeitende Menge des Faserstreifens in Abhängigkeit vom Meßergebnis und von weiteren vorgegebenen Werten über die Bremskraft auf dem Faserstreifen gesteuert bzw. geregelt wird.With the inventive method or the inventive Device can also be a single filter string made from a single, stripped fiber strip with a characteristic size, e.g. the Density and thus the - length-related - mass of the manufactured Filter strands, is detected and measured and where the amount of the fiber strip to be processed depending from the measurement result and from other specified ones Values controlled via the braking force on the fiber strip or regulated.

Als Bremseinrichtung zum Aufbringen der Bremskraft auf die Faserstreifen kann allgemein ein Bremswalzenpaar oder können mehrere Bremswalzenpaare verwendet werden, durch die jeweils ein Faserstreifen läuft. Die Walzen dieser Bremswalzenpaare sind, wie bereits erwähnt, selbst nicht angetrieben. Es ist eine entsprechende regelbare Stelleinrichtung vorgesehen, die z.B. pneumatisch, hydraulisch oder auf eine andere geeignete Art und Weise arbeitet und eine der Bremswalzen mit einer entsprechenden Kraft in Richtung der anderen Walze des Bremswalzenpaares drückt, um eine entsprechende Bremskraft auf die Faserstreifen auszuüben, die durch das Bremswalzenpaar hindurchlaufen. Die Bremseinrichtung kann z.B. zwei Bremswalzenpaare haben, wenn in der Aufbereitungseinrichtung zwei Faserstreifen gleichzeitig aufbereitet werden sollen, aus denen dann durch die nachfolgenden Verarbeitungsschritte zwei Faserstränge erzeugt werden sollen. Die zwei Bremswalzenpaare können "gekoppelt" sein, d.h., es sind zwar zwei voneinander getrennte Bremswalzenpaare vorhanden, diese Bremswalzenpaare werden aber gleichzeitig von ein und der gleichen Stelleinrichtung betätigt. Damit erzeugen die Bremswalzenpaare gleiche Bremskräfte auf die durch sie laufenden Faserstreifen.As a braking device for applying the braking force to the Fibrous stripes can or can generally be a pair of brake rollers several pairs of brake rollers are used, through which one fiber strip runs at a time. The rollers of these brake roller pairs are, as already mentioned, not driven themselves. It is a corresponding adjustable control device provided that e.g. pneumatic, hydraulic or works in another suitable way and one the brake rollers with a corresponding force in the direction the other roller of the brake roller pair presses to one apply the appropriate braking force to the fiber strips, that run through the brake roller pair. The braking device can e.g. have two pairs of brake rollers when in the processing device two fiber strips simultaneously should be processed, from which then by the subsequent processing steps generated two fiber strands should be. The two brake roller pairs can be "coupled" be, i.e. there are two separate ones Brake roller pairs available, these brake roller pairs but are simultaneously one and the same Actuating device actuated. The brake roller pairs thus generate equal braking forces on those running through them Fiber strips.

Als Bremseinrichtung kann auch mindestens ein Bremsstab verwendet werden, über den die Faserstreifen geführt werden, wobei mindestens einer der Bremsstäbe bewegbar ist, damit die Lage der Bremsstäbe zueinander verändert werden kann, um die Bremskraft auf die Faserstreifen einstellen zu können.At least one brake rod can also be used as the braking device are used, over which the fiber strips are passed, at least one of the brake rods being movable, so that the position of the brake rods relative to each other can be changed can adjust the braking force on the fiber strips to be able to.

Alternativ hierzu kann die Bremseinrichtung wenigstens ein Bremsblech aufweisen, über das die Faserstreifen geführt sind, wobei das Bremsblech bewegbar ist, um die Bremskraft auf die Faserstreifen einstellen bzw. ändern zu können.Alternatively, the braking device can be at least one Have brake plate over which the fiber strips are guided are, the brake plate is movable to the braking force to adjust or change the fiber strips.

Durch Einstellung der Zuführmenge und/oder anderer Eigenschaften der zugeführten Faserstreifen läßt sich eine gleichmäßige Qualität der erzeugten Filterstränge erzeugen, auch wenn die zugeführten Faserstreifen relativ große Abweichungen von den Sollvorgaben haben. Insbesondere, wenn innerhalb des Faserstreifens eines Ballens u.a. Schwankungen des Kräuselindexes und/oder des Gesamttiters gegeben sind, können diese über die automatische Regelung der Bremskraft ausgeregelt werden, ohne daß es einer manuellen Neueinstellung der Maschine durch das Personal bedarf. Schließlich läßt sich durch die Einstellung der Zuführmenge der Faserstreifen zur weiteren Aufbereitung die Ausschußquote reduzieren und damit die Produktivität der Filterstrangherstellung erhöhen.By adjusting the supply quantity and / or other properties the supplied fiber strips can be one generate uniform quality of the filter strands generated, even if the fiber strips fed are relatively large Have deviations from the target specifications. Especially, if, among other things, within the fiber strip of a bale Fluctuations in the ripple index and / or the total titer are given, they can be controlled automatically the braking force can be adjusted without it manual reset of the machine by the staff requirement. Finally, by hiring the Feed quantity of the fiber strips for further processing reduce the reject rate and thus productivity increase the production of filter strands.

Eine Produktivitätssteigerung bei der Herstellung von Fasersträngen kann ganz allgemein auch dadurch erreicht werden, indem gleichzeitig mehrere Faserstränge hergestellt werden, wobei die gleichzeitig hergestellten Faserstränge aus mindestens einem fortlaufend zugeführten Faserstreifen hergestellt werden und wenigstens eine charakteristische Größe der hergestellten Faserstränge erfaßt und gemessen und die Zuführmenge des Faserstreifens oder der Faserstreifen in Abhängigkeit vom Meßergebnis automatisch gesteuert wird.An increase in productivity in the manufacture of In general, fiber strands can also be achieved in this way are produced by simultaneously using several fiber strands be, the fiber strands produced simultaneously from at least one continuously fed fiber strip be produced and at least one characteristic Size of the fiber strands produced and measured and the feed amount of the fiber strip or the fiber strip automatically depending on the measurement result is controlled.

Mit diesem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich gleichzeitig mehrere umhüllte Faserstränge aus mindestens einem fortlaufend zugeführten Faserstreifen herstellen. Dabei wird die Qualität der hergestellten Faserstränge überwacht, indem eine charakteristische Größe der hergestellten Faserstränge detektiert und ausgewertet wird, um die Zuführmenge des Faserstreifens oder der Faserstreifen über die Regelung der Bremskraft einzustellen, um z.B. eine gleichmäßige Dichte bzw. Masse der hergestellten Faserstränge zu gewährleisten.This method according to the invention can be used simultaneously several covered fiber strands from at least one Produce continuously fed fiber strips. Here the quality of the fiber strands produced is monitored, by making a characteristic size of the manufactured Fiber strands are detected and evaluated to determine the Feed amount of the fiber strip or the fiber strips over to adjust the braking force control, e.g. a uniform density or mass of the fiber strands produced to ensure.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung hat zum gleichzeitigen Herstellen mehrerer umhüllter Faserstränge eine Aufbereitungseinrichtung, die mindestens einen Faserstreifen, insbesondere einen Filtertowstreifen, einer Formateinrichtung zuführt, die gleichzeitig mehrere separate Faserstränge aus den zugeführten Faserstreifen, die mit Hüllmaterial umhüllt werden, bildet. Mit dieser Vorrichtung, die z.B. gleichzeitig zwei Faserstränge herstellt, kann die Produktivität der Faserstrangherstellung verdoppelt werden, ohne daß ein erhöhter Personalaufwand oder Platzaufwand zur Unterbringung dieser Doppelstrangmaschine nötig wäre.The device according to the invention has for simultaneous Making several covered fiber strands one Processing device, the at least one fiber strip, in particular a filter towstrip, a format device that simultaneously feeds several separate fiber strands from the fed fiber strips, which with Envelope material is wrapped forms. With this device, e.g. produces two strands at the same time, can double the productivity of fiber strand manufacturing be without increased personnel costs or Space required to accommodate this double strand machine would be necessary.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist eine Meßeinrichtung auf, mit der wichtige Eigenschaften und Größen der hergestellten Faserstränge bzw. Filterstäbe bei der Produktion überwacht werden können. Solche Eigenschaften und Qualitätsparameter für Faserstränge bzw. Filterstäbe sind z.B. deren Dichte bzw. Masse, deren Zugwiderstand und Durchmesser.The device according to the invention has a measuring device on, with the important properties and sizes of the manufactured Fiber strands or filter rods during production can be monitored. Such characteristics and Quality parameters for fiber strands or filter rods are e.g. their density or mass, their tensile resistance and Diameter.

Als Ausgangsmaterial der Mehrfachstrangherstellung können z.B. gleichzeitig zwei nebeneinander laufende Faserstreifen einer Doppelstrangmaschine bzw. Doppelstrangfilterstabmaschine zugeführt werden. Die Aufbereitungseinrichtung sorgt in diesem Fall dafür, daß die Zuführmenge für jeden der zwei Faserstränge einzeln regelbar ist. Vorzugsweise können hierzu individuell regelbare Bremswalzenpaare verwendet werden, durch die jeweils einer der Faserstreifen in der Aufbereitungseinrichtung hindurchläuft, um die Zuführmenge für die weitere Aufbereitung automatisch einzustellen. Mittels der durch das Bremswalzenpaar auf den Faserstreifen ausgeübten Bremskraft läßt sich die Zuführmenge in gewissen Grenzen variieren, um die zu erzielenden Filtertoleranzen einhalten zu können. Das Bremswalzenpaar besteht aus einer gummibeschichteten Walze und einer Stahlwalze. Die Bremsung des Faserstreifens erfolgt durch die Walkarbeit der gummibeschichteten Walze auf der Stahlwalze, wobei der Faserstreifen die Walzen antreibt.Can be used as the starting material for multiple strand production e.g. at the same time two fiber strips running side by side a double-strand machine or double-strand filter rod machine be fed. The processing facility in this case ensures that the supply quantity for each of the two fiber strands can be regulated individually. Preferably can do this individually adjustable brake roller pairs are used, each through one of the fiber strips passes in the processing device in order to the feed quantity for further processing automatically adjust. By means of the pair of brake rollers the braking force exerted on the fiber strips can Supply quantity vary within certain limits in order to achieve the ones to be achieved To be able to comply with filter tolerances. The Brake roller pair consists of a rubber-coated roller and a steel roller. The braking of the fiber strip takes place through the flexing work of the rubber-coated roller on the steel roller, the fiber strip the rollers drives.

Haben die beiden voneinander getrennt abgezogenen Faserstreifen jedoch individuell stark unterschiedliche Eigenschaften, wie z.B. einen stark unterschiedlichen Gesamttiter oder Kräuselindex, kann es schwierig werden, die Unterschiede zwischen den Faserstreifen mit den individuell regelbaren Bremswalzenpaaren auszugleichen. Die Folge wäre, daß sich die gleichzeitig erzeugten Faserstränge in ihren Eigenschaften unterscheiden und schlimmstenfalls die angestrebten Toleranzen überschritten werden würden. Vorzugsweise wird deshalb bei der Filterstabherstellung ein mehrfachbreiter Filtertowstreifen verwendet, der eine für die Teilbarkeit vorgesehene Sollreißlinie aufweist.Have the two strips of fiber peeled apart but individually very different properties, such as. a very different overall titer or crimp index, it can be difficult to tell the differences between the fiber strips with the individual to compensate for adjustable brake roller pairs. The consequence would be that the simultaneously produced fiber strands in distinguish their characteristics and at worst the desired tolerances would be exceeded. Preferably is therefore used in the manufacture of filter rods multi-wide filter tow strips used, one for has the intended tear line.

Vorzugsweise wird ein doppelbreiter Faserstreifen verwendet, der an seiner mittig verlaufenden Sollreißlinie in der Aufbereitungseinrichtung in zwei einfachbreite Faserstreifen aufgetrennt wird. Die aufgetrennten, einfachbreiten Faserstreifen bzw. die beiden Streifenhälften des von einem Ballen abgezogenen, breiten Faserstreifens haben vorteilhafterweise im wesentlichen die gleichen Materialeigenschaften, insbesondere die gleiche Menge oder Masse pro Länge, so daß zu starke Unterschiede in den wichtigen Materialeigenschaften sicher vermieden und so die Toleranzen der Faserstränge bei der Doppelfaserstrangherstellung sicher eingehalten werden können.A double-wide fiber strip is preferably used, the on its central tear line in the processing device in two single-width fiber strips is separated. The separated, single widths Fiber strips or the two halves of the strip of have a bale of wide fiber strips drawn off advantageously essentially the same Material properties, especially the same amount or Mass per length, so that there are strong differences in the important material properties safely avoided and so the tolerances of the fiber strands in the double fiber strand production can be safely observed.

Der bevorzugte doppelbreite, teilbare Faserstreifen zeichnet sich demnach dadurch aus, daß sich alle für die Faserstrangherstellung qualitätsrelevanten Parameter herstellungsbedingt in beiden Faserstreifenhälften nur unwesentlich unterscheiden können, da beide Hälften des doppelbreiten Faserstreifens in demselben Arbeitsgang produziert werden.The preferred double-wide, divisible fiber stripe draws is therefore characterized by the fact that all are for the fiber strand production quality-related parameters due to manufacturing in both fiber strip halves only can differ insignificantly, since both halves of the double-width fiber strips in the same operation to be produced.

Die Verwendung eines doppelbreiten Faserstreifens, der von einem einzigen Ballen abgezogen wird, hat insbesondere Vorteile, wenn der doppelbreite Faserstreifen vollständig abgezogen ist, d.h., der Ballen gewechselt werden muß. Es muß dann bei dem doppelbreiten Faserstreifen nur ein Ballen ausgewechselt werden und der doppelbreite Faserstreifen in die Doppelstrangmaschine eingefädelt werden, um den Betrieb fortsetzen zu können. Dies stellt auch eine Verbesserung gegenüber der alternativen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung dar, bei der zwei voneinander getrennte Faserstreifen von jeweils einem Ballen abgezogen werden. In diesem Fall laufen die Ballen grundsätzlich nicht gleichzeitig aus, wordurch prinzipiell zwei Maschinenstops notwendig sind, was einen erhöhten Personalaufwand und Mehranfall von Abfall zur Folge hat. Dieses wird bei der Verwendung des doppelbreiten Faserstreifens mit einem Ballen vermieden.The use of a double-width fiber strip, which by pulling a single bale has in particular Advantages if the double-width fiber strip is complete is removed, i.e. the bale has to be changed. It then only needs a bale with the double-width fiber strip be replaced and the double-width fiber strip be threaded into the double strand machine to the To be able to continue operation. This also represents one Improvement over the alternative embodiment of the present invention, in which two of each other separate fiber strips drawn from a bale will. In this case, the bales basically run not off at the same time, making two in principle Machine stops are necessary, which increases Personnel costs and additional waste. This is when using the double width fiber strip avoided with a bale.

Der genaue Aufbau des verwendeten doppelbreiten, teilbaren Faserstreifens und weiterer mehrfachbreiter und asymmetrischer Faserstreifen wird in der gleichzeitig eingereichten Anmeldung "Mehrfachbreiter Faserstreifen sowie ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung" beschrieben, die vom gleichen Anmelder wie die vorliegende Anmeldung stammt, und auf die hier ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird.The exact structure of the double-width, divisible used Fiber strips and other multi-wide and asymmetrical Sliver is filed in the simultaneously Registration "multi-wide fiber strips as well a method and a device for its production " described by the same applicant as the present Registration originates, and to which express reference is made here becomes.

Um eine schnelle Mengen-Regelung mit der Bremseinrichtung zu erreichen, ist eine möglichst kontinuierliche Überwachung z.B. der Dichte bzw. Masse oder des Zugwiderstands der hergestellten Faserstränge bzw. Filterstäbe von Vorteil. Hierzu eignet sich eine vergleichende Strangdichtemessung oder eine On-line-Zugwiderstandsmessung.For a quick flow control with the braking device continuous monitoring is to be achieved e.g. the density or mass or the tensile resistance The fiber strands or filter rods produced are advantageous. A comparative strand density measurement is suitable for this or an online tensile resistance measurement.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß als charakteristische Größe der erzeugten Faserstränge deren Masse erfaßt und ermittelt wird. In Abhängigkeit von den erfaßten Massemeßwerten kann die Zuführmenge über die Bremskraft auf die abgezogenen Faserstreifen eingestellt werden. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention exists in that as the characteristic size of the generated Fiber strands whose mass is recorded and determined. In The feed quantity can depend on the measured mass measurement values on the braking force on the stripped fiber strips can be set.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird als charakteristische Größe der erzeugten Faserstränge der Zugwiderstand der Filterstäbe ermittelt. In Abhängigkeit von dem ermittelten Zugwiderstandsmeßwert wird die Zuführmenge des Faserstreifens im Sinne der Konstanthaltung des Zugwiderstands mit der Bremseinrichtung in der Aufbereitungseinrichtung geregelt.In an advantageous development of the invention as the characteristic size of the fiber strands produced Draw resistance of the filter rods determined. Dependent on from the determined tensile resistance measured value is the feed quantity of the fiber strip in the sense of keeping the Traction resistance with the braking device in the processing device regulated.

Die charakteristischen Größen Masse und/oder Zugwiderstand der erzeugten Faserstränge bzw. Filterstränge werden vorzugsweise On-line auf der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erfaßt. Durch die Erfindung können die maßgeblichen Eigenschaften der hergestellten Faserstränge optimal eingestellt und bei der Herstellung dauerhaft eingehalten werden. Dabei ist durch die Einstellung bzw. Regelung der Menge über die Messung der charakteristischen Größe, wie z.B. des Zugwiderstands, gewährleistet, daß das Zugverhalten der Zigaretten beim Rauchen durch das Filter nicht beeinträchtigt wird.The characteristic quantities mass and / or tensile resistance of the fiber strands or filter strands produced preferably on-line on the device according to the invention detected. The relevant properties can be achieved by the invention of the fiber strands produced optimally adjusted and are permanently complied with during production. The setting or control of the Amount about measuring the characteristic size, like e.g. the tensile resistance, ensures that the tensile behavior of cigarettes when smoking through the filter is affected.

Weitere Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung können der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen entnommen werden. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 schematisch eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wobei die Vorrichtung als Doppelfilterstrangmaschine ausgelegt ist;
  • Figur 2 eine Detailansicht der in der Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 verwendeten Aufbereitungseinrichtung mit einem gekoppelten doppelten Bremswalzenpaar und einer Trenneinrichtung für einen zugeführten doppelbreiten, teilbaren Filtertowstreifen;
  • Figur 3 eine schematische Seitenansicht der Aufbereitungseinrichtung in der Vorrichtung nach Figur 1, jedoch ohne Trenneinrichtung;
  • Figur 4 ein Funktionsdiagramm, das ein erzeugtes Signal in Abhängigkeit von dem Gewicht eines Filterstranges zeigt; und
  • Figur 5 ein Funktionsdiagramm, das die Abhängigkeit des Gewichts des Filterstranges von der durch eine Bremseinrichtung in der Vorrichtung nach Figur 1 aufgebrachten Bremskraft (Bremswalzen-Druck) zeigt.
  • Figur 6 ein schematisches Blockdiagramm, das die wesentlichen Einrichtungen eines Regelkreises zum Regeln der Zuführmenge an Filtertowstreifen über die Bremskraft auf den Filtertowstreifen zeigt;
  • Figur 7 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Bremseinrichtung zur Verwendung in der Ausführungsform nach Figur 1, wobei die Bremseinrichtung Bremsstäbe anstatt Bremswalzen verwendet; und
  • Figur 8 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer weiteren alternativen Bremseinrichtung, die in der Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung nach Figur 1 verwendet werden kann, wobei die alternative Bremseinrichtung Bremsbleche anstatt Bremswalzen verwendet.
    • Further advantages and possible uses of the present invention can be found in the following description of an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. Show it:
  • Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention for performing the method according to the invention, the device being designed as a double filter rod machine;
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the processing device used in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 with a coupled double brake roller pair and a separating device for a supplied double-wide, separable filter tow strip;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of the processing device in the device according to FIG. 1, but without a separating device;
  • Figure 4 is a functional diagram showing a generated signal as a function of the weight of a filter string; and
  • Figure 5 is a functional diagram showing the dependence of the weight of the filter train on the braking force (brake roller pressure) applied by a braking device in the device according to Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram showing the essential features of a control circuit for regulating the amount of filter tow strips supplied via the braking force on the filter tow strips;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic side view of a brake device for use in the embodiment of Figure 1, the brake device using brake rods instead of brake rollers; and
  • Figure 8 is a schematic side view of another alternative braking device that can be used in the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 1, the alternative braking device using brake plates instead of brake rollers.

    • In Figur 1 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung als Doppelfilterstrangmaschine zum gleichzeitigen Herstellen zweier Filterstränge, insbesondere für die Herstellung von Filtern für Zigaretten und vergleichbaren rauchbaren Artikeln, in einer schematischen Seitenansicht dargestellt.In Figure 1 is an inventive device as a double filter rod machine for simultaneous production two filter strands, especially for the production of Filters for cigarettes and comparable smokable items, shown in a schematic side view.

    Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist im wesentlichen eine Anordnung 8, 9, 10 auf, über die ein doppelbreiter, teilbarer Filtertowstreifen einer Aufbereitungseinrichtung 1 zugeführt wird. Der Aufbereitungseinrichtung 1 folgt eine Formateinrichtung 3 zum gleichzeitigen Herstellen zweier umhüllter Filterstränge aus dem abgezogenen und aufbereiteten Filtertowstreifen.The device according to the invention essentially has an arrangement 8, 9, 10 over which a double-wide, divisible filter tow strip of a processing device 1 is supplied. The processing device 1 follows a format device 3 for simultaneous production two coated filter strands from the withdrawn and prepared filter tow strips.

    Die Aufbereitungseinrichtung 1 weist eine Bremseinrichtung 4, ein angetriebenes Streckwalzenpaar 12, ein zweites angetriebenes Streckwalzenpaar 11, eine Ausbreiterdüse 13, einen Sprühkasten 14 und ein Umlenkwalzenpaar 15 auf (Figur 3).The processing device 1 has a braking device 4, a driven pair of drawing rollers 12, a second driven pair of stretching rollers 11, a spreader nozzle 13, a spray box 14 and a pair of deflection rollers 15 (FIG 3).

    Gemäß Figur 2 umfaßt die Bremseinrichtung 4 der Aufbereitungseinrichtung 1 zwei nebeneinander angeordnete Bremswalzenpaare 4.1 und 4.2 und eine Stelleinrichtung 60, die aus zwei pneumatischen Zylinderkolbeneinheiten aufgebaut ist, welche jeweils einen Zylinder 4.4 und einen dazugehörigen Kolben 4.9 aufweisen. Am freien Ende des Kolbens 4.9 ist ein U-förmiges Trägerteil 4.7 befestigt, in dem eine zugeordnete Bremswalze 4.11 des Bremswalzenpaares 4.1 gelagert ist. Durch Ansteuern mit Druckluft kann die pneumatische Zylinderkolbeneinheit die im U-förmigen Träger 4.7 gelagerte Walze 4.11 nach oben gegen eine zweite Walze 4.12 des Walzenpaares 4.1 drücken, um die Bremskraft auf den zwischen den Walzen des Walzenpaares hindurchlaufenden Filtertowstreifen einzustellen. In der vorliegenden Ausführungsform sind die beiden Bremswalzenpaare 4.1 und 4.2 "gekoppelt", d.h., daß ihre zugeordneten Stelleinheiten mit der gleichen Druckluft beaufschlagt werden (die entsprechenden Druckluftleitungen und das dafür notwendige pneumatische System sind bekannt und brauchen hier nicht weiter dargestellt zu werden), damit an beiden Bremswalzenpaaren 4.1 und 4.2 die gleiche Bremskraft auf die Filtertowstreifen wirkt.According to FIG. 2, the braking device 4 comprises the processing device 1 two arranged side by side Brake roller pairs 4.1 and 4.2 and an adjusting device 60, which consists of two pneumatic cylinder piston units which is a cylinder 4.4 and an associated one Have pistons 4.9. At the free end of the piston 4.9, a U-shaped support part 4.7 is attached, in an associated brake roller 4.11 of the brake roller pair 4.1 is stored. By driving with compressed air, the pneumatic cylinder piston unit in the U-shaped support 4.7 mounted roller 4.11 up against a second Press roller 4.12 of roller pair 4.1 to apply the braking force on those running between the rollers of the pair of rollers To set filter tow strips. In the present Embodiment are the two pairs of brake rollers 4.1 and 4.2 "coupled", i.e. that their assigned actuators be pressurized with the same compressed air (the corresponding compressed air lines and the necessary pneumatic systems are known and do not need here to be shown further), so on both brake roller pairs 4.1 and 4.2 the same braking force on the filter tow strips works.

    Die beiden einfachbreiten Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 werden mittels einer Trenneinrichtung 16, die z.B. als Trennkeil oder als Trennblech ausgebildet sein kann und die oberhalb der Bremswalzen angeordnet ist, durch Auftrennen eines doppelbreiten, teilbaren Filtertowstreifens 6 gewonnen. Der doppelbreite, teilbare Filtertowstreifen 6 wird von einem Ballen 7 fortlaufend von dem ersten Streckwalzenpaar 12 der Aufbereitungseinrichtung 1 abgezogen, wobei der doppelbreite Filtertowstreifen nach der Entnahme vom Ballen 7 auf seinem Weg zum Streckwalzenpaar 12 über eine Umlenkrolle 8 geführt ist und zwei Luftdüsen 9 und 10, die zur Ausbreitung und Auflockerung des doppelbreiten Filtertowstreifens dienen, passiert. Schließlich durchlaufen die einfachbreiten Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 nach der Trenneinrichtung 16 die Bremswalzenpaare 4.1 und 4.2, um das Streckwalzenpaar 12 zu erreichen. Nach Passieren des Streckwalzenpaares 12 gelangen die beiden einfachbreiten Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 zum zweiten Streckwalzenpaar 11 der Aufbereitungseinrichtung 1, wobei die beiden Filtertowstreifen zwischen den beiden Streckwalzenpaaren 12 und 11 verstreckt werden, was durch die Einstellung einer Differenzgeschwindigkeit zwischen den angetriebenen Streckwalzenpaaren bewirkt wird. Nach dem zweiten Streckwalzenpaar 11 werden die einfachbreiten Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 einer doppelausgelegten Ausbreiterdüse 13 zugeführt, wo sie gleichmäßig ausgebreitet werden für die nachfolgende Bearbeitung in dem Sprühkasten 14. Im Sprühkasten 14 werden die beiden Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 mit einem Weichmacher, z.B. Triacetin, versehen und danach einem Umlenkwalzenpaar 15 zugeführt. Die beiden Streckwalzenpaare 11 und 12 und das Umlenkwalzenpaar 15 sind angetrieben, wohingegen die beiden Bremswalzenpaare 4.1 und 4.2 der Bremseinrichtung 4 in der Aufbereitungseinrichtung 1 nicht angetrieben sind.The two single-width filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 are separated by means of a separating device 16, e.g. as Wedge or can be designed as a divider and which is arranged above the brake rollers, by cutting a double-wide, divisible filter tow strip 6 won. The double-wide, divisible filter towstrip 6 is continuously by a bale 7 from the first pair of stretching rollers 12 of the processing device 1, the double-wide filter tow stripe after removal from the bale 7 on its way to the pair of drafting rollers 12 a guide roller 8 is guided and two air nozzles 9 and 10, the spread and loosening of double widths Serve filter towstrip happens. Finally go through the single-width filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 after the separating device 16, the brake roller pairs 4.1 and 4.2 to reach the pair of drafting rollers 12. After passing of the pair of stretching rollers 12 reach the two single widths Filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 for the second pair of stretching rollers 11 of the processing device 1, the two filter tow strips between the two pairs of stretching rollers 12 and 11 are stretched, what by setting a differential speed between the driven Drawing roller pairs is effected. After the second The drawing roller pair 11 become the single-width filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 of a double spreading nozzle 13 fed where they are spread evenly for subsequent processing in the spray box 14. In the spray box 14, the two filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 with a plasticizer, e.g. Triacetin and then fed to a pair of guide rollers 15. The two pairs of stretching rollers 11 and 12 and the pair of deflecting rollers 15 are powered, whereas the two Brake roller pairs 4.1 and 4.2 of the braking device 4 in the Processing device 1 are not driven.

    Die Streckwalzenpaare 11 und 12 bilden zusammen mit den Einrichtungen 13, 14 und 15 ein Einfachstreckwerk, das im wesentlichen bei der Verarbeitung des doppelbreiten Filtertowstreifens bzw. bei der gleichzeitigen Aufbereitung der beiden einfachbreiten Filtertowstreifen ohne größere Modifikationen beibehalten werden kann und nicht doppelt ausgelegt werden muß.The stretching roller pairs 11 and 12 form together with the Devices 13, 14 and 15 a single drafting system, which in essential when processing the double width Filter tow strip or during simultaneous processing of the two single-width filter tow strips without major modifications can and cannot be maintained must be interpreted twice.

    Die beiden Filtertowstreifen 6.1 bzw. 6.2 gelangen zu den doppelt vorgesehenen Einlauftrichtern 19 der Formateinrichtung 3, in denen die beiden einfachbreiten Filtertowstreifen jeweils zu einem Filterstrang zusammengefaßt werden und jeweils auf einen von Bobinen 21 abgezogenen und mittels einer Beleimvorrichtung 22 mit Leim versehenen Umhüllungsstreifen 23 versehen werden. Der jeweilige Hüllmaterialstreifen 23 und der jeweilige Filterstrang gelangen jeweils auf ein Formatband 24 der Formateinrichtung 3, die zwei parallel laufende Formatbänder aufweist. Jedes der beiden Formatbänder führt die auf ihr liegenden Komponenten durch ein Format 26 das als Doppelformat ausgelegt ist und das den jeweiligen Hüllmaterialstreifen 23 um den zugeordneten Filterstrang herumlegt, wodurch umhüllte Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2 gebildet werden. Die so erzeugten nebeneinander laufenden umhüllten Filterstränge durchlaufen eine Doppelnahtplätte 28, in welcher die Klebnähte der nebeneinander laufenden umhüllten Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2 verschlossen werden. Anschließend werden die parallel laufenden Filterstränge jeweils mittels eines Schneidapparats 29 fortlaufend in nebeneinander laufende Filterstäbe 31 geschnitten, die in eine doppelt vorhandene Ablegetrommel 32 überführt werden, in der sie in einer queraxialen Förderrichtung umgelenkt werden, wo sie über eine doppelt vorhandene Prüftrommel 33 auf ein Ablegeband 34 überführt werden, von dem aus sie einer Weiterverarbeitung oder einer Zwischenlagerung zugeführt werden.The two filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 arrive at the Duplicate inlet funnels 19 of the format device 3, in which the two single-width filter tow strips can be combined to form a filter string and in each case on one of bobbins 21 and by means of a gluing device 22 provided with glue wrapping strips 23 are provided. The respective wrapping material strip 23 and the respective filter train each on a format tape 24 of the format device 3, which has two parallel format tapes. Each of the two format tapes leads the ones lying on it Components through a format 26 designed as a double format and that is the respective wrapping material strip 23 wraps around the associated filter string, thereby enveloping Filter strands 27.1 and 27.2 are formed. The so generated wrapped filter strands running side by side pass through a double seam plate 28, in which the adhesive seams the coated filter strands running side by side 27.1 and 27.2 are closed. Then the filter strings running in parallel each by means of a Cutting device 29 continuously in side by side Filter rods 31 cut into a duplicate Storage drum 32 are transferred in which they are in a transverse axial conveying direction are diverted where they are about a duplicate test drum 33 on a deposit belt 34 are transferred from which they are further processed or temporarily stored.

    Die Filterherstellungsmaschine weist eine an sich bekannte Meßeinrichtung 46 auf, mit welcher eine charakteristische Größe der Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2, im vorliegenden Fall die Dichte bzw. die Masse der Filterstränge, bestimmt wird. Die Meßeinrichtung 46 ist mit einer Steuereinrichtung 48 verbunden, an die die Massemeßwerte als Signal ausgegeben werden. Als Meßeinrichtung 46 kann z.B. eine radioaktive Strahlungsquelle (Betastrahler) verwendet werden. Diese Meßeinrichtung wird in der DE OS 22 08 944 ausführlich beschrieben, auf deren Inhalt diesbezüglich hier ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird.The filter manufacturing machine has a known one Measuring device 46 with which a characteristic Size of the filter strands 27.1 and 27.2, in the present Case the density or the mass of the filter strands, determined becomes. The measuring device 46 is with a control device 48 connected to which the measured mass values as a signal be issued. As the measuring device 46, e.g. a radioactive radiation source (beta emitter) used will. This measuring device is described in DE OS 22 08 944 described in detail on their content in this regard explicit reference is made here.

    Optional kann die Meßeinrichtung ein an sich bekanntes weiteres Meßmittel zum Erfassen einer zweiten charakteristischen Größe der Filterstränge, nämlich der Zugwiderstände der abgetrennten Filterstäbe 31 und damit der Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2 umfassen. Hierzu wird eine Prüftrommel 33 verwendet, mit der die Zugwiderstände der Filterstäbe von den einzelnen Filtersträngen 27.1 bzw. 27.2 gemessen werden. Die Messung des Zugwiderstands von Filterstäben mit einer Prüftrommel ist an sich bekannt. Hierzu wird beispielsweise auf die DE-OS 41 09 603 A1 hingewiesen. Eine nähere Erläuterung der Prüftrommel und des zugehörigen Meßvorgangs wird daher hier nicht durchgeführt. Die Prüftrommel 33 ist mit der Steuereinrichtung 48 verbunden, die in Abhängigkeit von den Zugwiderstandsmeßwerten und den Massemeßwerten Steuersignale erzeugt, mit denen die beiden Bremswalzenpaare 4.1 bzw. 4.2 der Bremseinrichtung 4 zur Einstellung der Bremskraft angesteuert werden, um die zu verarbeitende Menge der einfachbreiten Faserstreifen 6.1 bzw. 6.2 einzustellen. Für die Zugwiderstandsmessung kann anstelle der Doppelprüftrommel 33 ein Meßmittel 49 zum Erfassen der Zugwiderstände der einzelnen Filterstränge vorgesehen sein. Auf ein solches Meßmittel wird z.B. in der DE OS 41 09 603 A1 hingewiesen. Die soeben erwähnte Zugwiderstandsmessungen können zusätzlich zur Dichtemessung oder als alternative Messung verwendet werden und werden deshalb in der Figur 1 bezüglich ihrer Ausgangssignale mit gestrichelten Linien gezeigt. Optionally, the measuring device can be a known device further measuring means for detecting a second characteristic Size of the filter strands, namely the train resistances the separated filter rods 31 and thus the filter strands Include 27.1 and 27.2. For this, a test drum 33 used with the tensile resistances of the filter rods of the individual filter strands 27.1 and 27.2 be measured. The measurement of the tensile resistance of filter rods with a test drum is known per se. For this purpose, for example, DE-OS 41 09 603 A1 pointed out. A more detailed explanation of the test drum and the associated measurement process is therefore not carried out here. The test drum 33 is connected to the control device 48 connected, depending on the tensile resistance measurements and generates control signals from the measured mass values, with which the two pairs of brake rollers 4.1 and 4.2 of the Brake device 4 controlled to adjust the braking force to the amount of single width to be processed Adjust fiber strips 6.1 or 6.2. For the Tensile resistance measurement can be used instead of the double test drum 33 a measuring means 49 for detecting the tensile resistances of the individual filter strands can be provided. On such Measuring equipment is e.g. pointed out in DE OS 41 09 603 A1. The tensile resistance measurements just mentioned can additionally for density measurement or as an alternative measurement are used and are therefore shown in FIG their output signals shown with dashed lines.

    Als Meßmittel 46 für die Dichte der fertigen Filterstränge kann ein Doppelmeßkopf vorgesehen sein, der mit einer Strahlung arbeitet, die die Faserstränge durchdringt. Der Doppelmeßkopf kann beispielsweise Beta-Strahlung verwenden.As measuring means 46 for the density of the finished filter strands can be provided with a double measuring head Radiation works that penetrates the fiber strands. Of the Double measuring head can use beta radiation, for example.

    Im folgenden soll nun von dem Fall ausgegangen werden, daß alleine die Dichte bzw. die Masse der erzeugten Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2 mittels der Meßeinrichtung 46 erfaßt und ermittelt wird und von der Steuereinrichtung 48, die z.B. einen Mikroprozessor bzw. einen Mikrocomputer mit ROM, RAM, CPU und entsprechenden Ein-/Ausgabe-Einheiten aufweisen kann, nur das dem Gewicht der Filterstränge zugeordnete Dichte-Signal ausgewertet wird, um die Bremseinrichtung 4 in der Aufbereitungseinrichtung 1 anzusteuern.In the following we shall now start from the case that only the density or the mass of the filter strands produced 27.1 and 27.2 detected by the measuring device 46 and is determined and by the control device 48, the e.g. a microprocessor or a microcomputer with ROM, RAM, CPU and corresponding input / output units can only have that assigned to the weight of the filter strands Density signal is evaluated to the braking device 4 to be controlled in the processing device 1.

    Figur 4 zeigt den funktionellen Zusammenhang zwischen der Masse der Filterstränge 27.1 bzw. 27.2 und dem Ausgangssignal der Meßeinrichtung 46. Wie aus der Figur 4 zu ersehen ist, besteht zwischen der ermittelten Masse und dem Dichte-Signal ein linearer Zusammenhang. Die Steuereinrichtung 48 wertet die ankommenden Dichte-Signale für die beiden Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2 aus, bildet aus den Signalen einen Mittelwert und vergleicht diesen ermittelten Ist-Wert mit einem abgespeicherten Soll-Wert SOLL für die Dichte der Filterstränge. Ergibt der Vergleich, daß die aktuelle Masse der Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2 niedriger als der Soll-Wert SOLL ist, gibt die Steuereinrichtung 48 ein elektrisches Steuersignal an die Stelleinrichtung in der Bremseinrichtung 4 ab, die dieses elektrische Steuersignal in einen entsprechenden Hub der Zylinderkolbeneinheiten der Stelleinrichtung 60 umsetzt, d.h., in diesem Fall werden die Kolben der pneumatischen Stelleinheiten etwas zurückgenommen, um die Bremskraft zu erniedrigen, damit die zu verarbeitende Menge der Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 erhöht wird. Ergibt der Vergleich in der mikroprozessor-gesteuerten Steuereinrichtung 48, daß die ermittelte Masse der beiden Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2 größer als der Soll-Wert SOLL ist, erzeugt die Steuereinrichtung 48 ein entsprechendes Steuersignal, das die pneumatischen Stelleinheiten in der Bremseinrichtung 4 dazu veranlaßt, die Bremskraft auf die beiden Faserstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 zwischen den beiden Bremswalzenpaaren 4.1 und 4.2 zu erhöhen, damit die zugeführten Mengen der beiden Faserstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 abgesenkt wird. Die Steuereinrichtung 48 ermittelt das entsprechende Steuersignal z.B. auf der Basis einer abgespeicherten Kennlinie, die den Zusammenhang zwischen der Masse der erzeugten Filterstränge 27.1 bzw. 27.2 bzw. des ermittelten Mittelwertes für diese Filterstränge und dem Bremswalzendruck bzw. der Bremskraft wiedergibt. Eine typische Kennlinie für diesen Zusammenhang kann dem Funktionsdiagramm der Figur 5 entnommen werden.Figure 4 shows the functional relationship between the Mass of the filter strands 27.1 or 27.2 and the output signal the measuring device 46. As can be seen from FIG is between the determined mass and the Density signal a linear relationship. The control device 48 evaluates the incoming density signals for the from two filter strands 27.1 and 27.2, forms from the signals an average and compares this Actual value with a stored target value TARGET for the Density of the filter strands. The comparison shows that the current mass of filter strands 27.1 and 27.2 lower than the target value is TARGET, the control device 48 outputs an electrical control signal to the actuator in the braking device 4 from this electrical control signal in a corresponding stroke of the cylinder piston units of the actuating device 60, i.e. in this Fall the pistons of the pneumatic actuators somewhat withdrawn to lower the braking force, so that the amount of filter tow strips to be processed 6.1 and 6.2 is increased. The comparison results in the microprocessor-controlled Control device 48 that the determined Mass of the two filter strands 27.1 and 27.2 larger than the target value is TARGET, the control device generates 48 a corresponding control signal that the pneumatic Actuating units in the braking device 4 causes the braking force on the two fiber strips 6.1 and 6.2 between the two brake roller pairs 4.1 and 4.2, thus the supplied quantities of the two fiber strips 6.1 and 6.2 is lowered. The control device 48 determines the corresponding control signal e.g. on the base a stored characteristic curve that shows the relationship between the mass of filter strands 27.1 or 27.2 or the determined mean value for these filter strands and the brake roller pressure or the braking force reproduces. A typical characteristic for this relationship can be seen from the functional diagram of FIG will.

    In der Figur 6 ist zur Verdeutlichung der zuvor geschilderten Steuerungs- und Regelungsabläufe ein Regelkreis in schematischer Blockform dargestellt, der die wesentlichen Einrichtungen zeigt, die an der Regelung beteiligt sind.In Figure 6 is to illustrate the previously described Control and regulation processes in a control loop Schematic block form of the essential Shows institutions that are involved in the regulation.

    Die von der Formateinrichtung 3 gleichzeitig erzeugten, nebeneinander laufenden Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2 werden mittels eines Doppelmeßkopfs 46.1 der Meßeinrichtung 46 abgetastet, um die Dichte bzw. Masse der Filterstränge 27.1 und 27.2 zu erfassen. Der Doppelmeßkopf gibt ein frequenzmoduliertes Meßsignal ab, das von einem Frequenz/Spannungs-Umsetzer in ein elektrisches Signal umgesetzt wird. Das elektrische Signal wird mit dem Sollwert SOLL verglichen, der von einem Sollwertgeber 48.1 ausgegeben wird. Der Vergleicher 48.3 gibt das Vergleichsergebnis an einen Regler 48.2 aus, der das zuvor erwähnte elektrische Steuersignal erzeugt. Als Regler 48.2 kann z.B. ein herkömmlicher PID-Regler verwendet werden oder, wie zuvor erwähnt, ein Mikroprozessor bzw. ein Mikrocomputer, der dann neben der Reglerfunktion auch die Vergleichsfunktion des Vergleichers 48.3 und die Funktion des Sollwertgebers 48.1 übernimmt. Die Einrichtungen 48.1, 48.2 und 48.3 sind in der Steuereinrichtung 48 enthalten. Das elektrische Steuersignal wird über entsprechende Leitungen bzw. Verkabelungen an einen Spannungs/Druck-Umsetzer 60.1 ausgegeben, der das zugeführte elektrische Steuersignal in ein entsprechendes Drucksignal bzw. in einen entsprechenden Druck zum Ansteuern der pneumatischen Stelleinheiten bzw. Stelleinheit in der Stelleinrichtung 60 umsetzt, um die Bremskraft auf die zugeführten Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 einzustellen, bevor die Filtertowstreifen der nachfolgenden Aufbereitungseinrichtung 1 und dann der Formateinrichtung 3 zugeführt werden. Ziel der Regelung ist es, die Zuführmenge der Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 auf einen konstanten Wert einzustellen, der durch den Sollwert SOLL, der vom Sollwertgeber 48.1 der Steuereinrichtung 48 erzeugt wird, gegeben ist.The formats generated by the format device 3 at the same time side by side filter strands 27.1 and 27.2 by means of a double measuring head 46.1 of the measuring device 46 sampled to determine the density or mass of the filter strands 27.1 and 27.2. The double measuring head enters frequency-modulated measurement signal from a frequency / voltage converter converted into an electrical signal becomes. The electrical signal is with the setpoint SHOULD be compared, which is output by a setpoint generator 48.1 becomes. The comparator 48.3 gives the comparison result to a controller 48.2 which does the aforementioned electrical Control signal generated. As controller 48.2 e.g. a conventional PID controller can be used or, as before mentions a microprocessor or a microcomputer that then in addition to the controller function, the comparison function of comparator 48.3 and the function of the setpoint generator 48.1 takes over. The facilities are 48.1, 48.2 and 48.3 contained in the control device 48. The electrical Control signal is via appropriate lines or cabling output to a voltage / pressure converter 60.1, the supplied electrical control signal in a corresponding pressure signal or in a corresponding one Pressure to control the pneumatic actuators or actuating unit in the actuating device 60 the braking force on the filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 before the filter tow strips of the subsequent processing device 1 and then the format device 3 are supplied. The aim of the regulation is it, the supply amount of the filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 set a constant value by the setpoint SHOULD be from setpoint generator 48.1 of control device 48 is generated, is given.

    In Alternative zur Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 kann die Bremseinrichtung 4 als alternative Mittel Bremsstäbe 4.22 und 4.21 aufweisen, die in Figur 7 schematisch in einer Seitenansicht gezeigt werden. Zwischen den Bremsstäben 4.21 und 4.22 ist ein Halter 4.20 angeordnet, an dessen Enden die Bremsstäbe 4.22 und 4.21 befestigt sind. Der Halter 4.20 ist um eine Achse drehbar ausgelegt, die parallel zu den Achsen der Bremsstäbe 4.22 und 4.21 verläuft. In der Figur 7 ist eine Drehrichtung des Halters 4.20 mittels des gekrümmten Doppelpfeils angegeben. Folglich bewegt sich der Halter 4.20 bei einer Drehung parallel zu einer Ebene, die senkrecht zur Drehachse und den Achsen der Bremsstäbe 4.21 und 4.22 steht. Als Antrieb für den drehbaren Halter 4.20 der vorliegenden Stabbremse nach Figur 7 kann ein elektrischer, pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Antriebsmechanismus dienen. Durch Drehen des Halters wird die Position der Bremsstäbe 4.22 und 4.21 geändert, so daß sich auch der Umschlingungswinkel der Filtertowstreifen auf den Bremsstäben ändert, die über die Bremsstäbe, wie in der Figur 7 dargestellt, geführt sind und dementsprechend eine geänderte Bremskraft auf die Filtertowstreifen einwirkt. Damit kann über eine entsprechend ausgelegte Stelleinrichtung 60 mittels der Bremseinrichtung nach Figur 7 die Bremskraft variiert werden.In an alternative to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the Braking device 4 as an alternative means of brake rods 4.22 and 4.21, which are shown schematically in FIG Side view are shown. Between the brake rods 4.21 and 4.22 a holder 4.20 is arranged on the Ends of the brake rods 4.22 and 4.21 are attached. Of the Holder 4.20 is designed to be rotatable about an axis that is parallel runs to the axes of the brake rods 4.22 and 4.21. FIG. 7 shows a direction of rotation of the holder 4.20 of the curved double arrow. Hence moved the holder 4.20 turns parallel to one another a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and the axes the brake rods 4.21 and 4.22. As a drive for the rotatable holder 4.20 of the present bar brake according to the figure 7 can be an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic Serve drive mechanism. By turning the holder the position of the brake rods 4.22 and 4.21 is changed, so that the wrap angle of the filter tow strips also on the brake rods that changes across the brake rods, as shown in Figure 7, and accordingly a changed braking force on the filter tow strips acts. It can be used accordingly designed actuating device 60 by means of the braking device the braking force can be varied according to FIG.

    In der Figur 8 wird eine weitere alternative Ausführung der Bremseinrichtung 4 in der Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach Figur 1 gezeigt. Hier werden als Bremseinrichtung 4 zwei Bremsbleche 4.24 und 4.25 verwendet, die halbkreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Die beiden Bremsbleche 4.24 und 4.25 sind mit Abstand zueinander versetzt angeordnet und in entgegengesetzte Richtung über einen entsprechenden Antriebsmechanismus, der hier nicht gezeigt wird, verschiebbar, wobei die Bewegungsrichtungen der Bremsbleche 4.24 und 4.25 in der Figur 8 durch entsprechende Pfeile angedeutet sind. Die Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 sind um die Bremsbleche 4.25 und 4.24 in dieser Reihenfolge in Laufrichtung der Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 geführt. Je geringer der Abstand zwischen den beiden Bremsblechen 4.24 und 4.25 in Richtung der in Figur 8 eingezeichneten Bewegungspfeile der Bremsbleche ist, desto geringer ist der Umschlingungswinkel der Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 um die Bremsbleche 4.24 und 4.25 herum, und desto geringer ist die Bremskraft, die auf die Filtertowstreifen 6.1 und 6.2 einwirkt. Damit kann auch über die Ausführungsform der Bremseinrichtung 4 nach Figur 8 die Bremskraft auf die Faserstreifen über eine entsprechende Stelleinrichtung 60 variiert werden.Another alternative embodiment is shown in FIG the braking device 4 in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1. Here are used as a braking device 4 two brake plates 4.24 and 4.25 used the have semicircular cross section. The two brake plates 4.24 and 4.25 are offset from each other arranged and in the opposite direction over a corresponding drive mechanism, not shown here becomes displaceable, the directions of movement of the Brake plates 4.24 and 4.25 in Figure 8 by appropriate Arrows are indicated. The filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 are around the brake plates 4.25 and 4.24 in this Sequence in the direction of the filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 led. The smaller the distance between the two Brake plates 4.24 and 4.25 in the direction shown in Figure 8 Arrows of movement of the brake plates is the more the wrap angle of the filter tow strips is smaller 6.1 and 6.2 around the brake plates 4.24 and 4.25, and the less braking force is applied to the filter tow strips 6.1 and 6.2 acts. It can also use the Embodiment of the braking device 4 according to Figure 8 Braking force on the fiber strips via a corresponding Actuating device 60 can be varied.

    Claims (25)

    1. Process for the production of a fibre strand or a plurality of fibre strands simultaneously, in particular for the simultaneous production of two filter strands (27.1, 27.2) for cigarettes and other rod-like articles that can be smoked, from one or more fibre strands, in particular a filter tow strip (6), the process having the following steps:
      (a) the fibre strip or strips, in particular the filter tow strip (6), is or are drawn off from a supply (7),
      (b) the fibre strip or strips drawn off are fed to a subsequent processing means, in which
      (b1) at the beginning of the processing, the fibre strip or strips is or are subjected to a braking force, in order to set the quantity to be processed and/or other properties of the fibre strip or strips, the braking force being set automatically, and
      (b2) the fibre strip or strips is or are subsequently, stretched and bulked, inter alia,
      (c) after the processing, the processed fibre strip or strips is or are combined in a formatting device (3) to form a round fibre strand or to form round fibre strands, which are finally provided with a covering material (23) in order to form one or more continuous, covered fibre strands, in particular filter strands (27.1, 27.2),
      (d) a characteristic variable of the fibre strand or strands produced, in particular of the filter strands (27.1, 27.2), is registered and measured, in order to ascertain a current value of the characteristic variable, and
      (e) the braking force that acts on the fibre strip or strips, in particular on the filter tow strip or strips, at the beginning of the processing, before the stretching, is regulated as a function of the current value ascertained and of a predefined set point for the characteristic variable.
    2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a multiple-width, dividable filter tow strip (6) is drawn off from the supply (7) as a single fibre strip.
    3. Process according to Claim 2, characterized in that a double-width, dividable filter tow strip (6), from which two filter strands (27.1, 27.2) are produced, is drawn off.
    4. Process according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the filter tow strip (6) is subdivided into a plurality of individual strips (6.1, 6.2), and in that an identical braking force then acts on each of the individual strips (6.1, 6.2).
    5. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a multiple-width or double-width filter tow strip (6) is drawn off from the supply (7), and is provided with an intended tearing line or lines (17), which predivide the filter tow strip (6), and in that the filter tow strip (6) is divided up at the intended tearing line (17), as a result of which single-width individual strips of filter tow that are separate from each other are produced, the braking force then being exerted thereon.
    6. Process according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least one characteristic variable is registered and measured for each of the simultaneously produced filter strands (27.1, 27.2), in that a mean value for the braking force is ascertained from the measurement results and predefined set points, and in that the mean, identical braking force acts on all the individual strips (6.1, 6.2) fed to the processing means.
    7. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that two filter strands are produced simultaneously from two filter tow strips, which are drawn off simultaneously from separate supply bales.
    8. Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that a characteristic variable is registered and measured for each of the filter strands produced, and in that the measurement results are used to set individually that quantity of each individual filter tow strip which is to be processed via the braking force that acts in each case on the individual filter tow strip.
    9. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a single filter strand is produced from a single filter tow strip that is drawn off, in that a characteristic variable of the filter strand produced is registered and measured, and in that that quantity of the filter tow strip which is to be processed is regulated, via the braking force on the filter tow strip, as a function of the measurement result and of further, predefined values.
    10. Process according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the density or the mass of the filter strand produced or of the filter strands produced is ascertained as characteristic variable.
    11. Process according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the drag resistance of the filter strand produced or of the filter strands produced is ascertained as characteristic variable.
    12. Apparatus for the production of a fibre strand or a plurality of covered fibre strands simultaneously, in particular for the simultaneous production of two filter strands (27.1, 27.2) for cigarettes and other rod-like articles that can be smoked, from a fibre strip or a plurality of fibre strips, in particular a filter tow strip (6), the apparatus having:
      (a) a feed device (8, 9, 10) for the continuous feed of a fibre strip or a plurality of fibre strips simultaneously from a supply (7),
      (b) a processing device (1), to which the fibre strip or fibre strips is or are fed and which has:
      (b1) a braking device (4), which is arranged on the input side in the processing device (1) and which exerts a braking force, or different braking forces, on the fibre strip or strips fed, in order to set that quantity of each fibre strip which is to be processed to an envisaged value,
      (b2) a stretching device (11, 12), which is arranged downstream of the braking device (4) and stretches the fibre strip or strips, and
      (b3) a bulking device (13, 14, 15), which is arranged downstream of the stretching device (11, 12) and bulks the stretched fibre strip(s),
      (c) a formatting device (3) for forming a covered fibre strand or a plurality of covered, separate fibre strands simultaneously, in particular two filter strands (27.1, 27.2), from the processed fibre strip or strips,
      (d) a measuring device (33, 46, 49), which registers and measures at least one characteristic variable of the fibre strand or fibre strands produced, in particular of the filter strand produced or the filter strands (27.1, 27.2) produced, in order to generate corresponding measurement signals, which are assigned to a current value of the characteristic variable,
      (e) a device (48) which ascertains a current value for the characteristic variable from the measurement signals supplied, compares the ascertained current value with a predefined set point and generates an electric control signal corresponding to the difference between current value and set point, and
      (f) an actuating device (60), which activates the braking device (4) as a function of the electric control signal supplied by the device (48), in order to regulate automatically, via the braking force exerted, the quantity of the filter tow strip(s) (6.1, 6.2) to be processed.
    13. Apparatus according to Claim 12, characterized in that the filter tow strip is a multiple-width, predivided, dividable filter tow strip.
    14. Apparatus according to Claim 13, characterized in that a separating device (16) which divides up the multiple-width filter tow strip into individual strips is provided.
    15. Apparatus according to Claim 14, characterized in that the separating device (16) divides up the multiple-width filter tow strip into single-width individual strips at an intended tearing line (17) of the filter tow strip, this line pre-dividing the filter tow strip.
    16. Apparatus according to one of Claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the measuring device ascertains the characteristic variable for each of the filter strands (27.1, 27.2) individually and outputs corresponding measurement signals to the control device, which activates the braking device (4) in such a way that that quantity of the single-width filter tow strips (6.1, 6.2) which is to be processed is set automatically.
    17. Apparatus according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the braking device (4) has a plurality of pairs of braking rolls that are separate from one another, are not themselves driven and through which one filter tow strip runs in each case, and the individual pairs of braking rolls exert a braking force on the filter tow strip running through them, it being possible to set the braking force.
    18. Apparatus according to Claim 17, characterized in that the braking device (4) has two pairs of braking rolls (4.1, 4.2).
    19. Apparatus according to Claim 18, characterized in that the two pairs of braking rolls (4.1, 4.2) are coupled and exert an identical braking force.
    20. Apparatus according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the braking device (4) has a pair of braking rolls that are of multiple width, double width or single width and are not themselves driven.
    21. Apparatus according to Claim 12, characterized in that the braking device has a pair of braking rolls that are not themselves driven and through which the filter tow strip runs.
    22. Apparatus according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the braking device has at least one braking rod, over which the filter tow strip or strips is or are guided, and in that at least one of the braking rods is movable, in order that the position of the braking rods in relation to each other can be altered in order for it to be possible to set the braking force on the filter tow strip or strips.
    23. Apparatus according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the braking device has at least one braking plate, over which the filter tow strip or strips is or are guided, and in that the braking plate is movable in order for it to be possible to set or alter the braking force on the filter tow strip or strips.
    24. Apparatus according to at least one of Claims 12 to 23, characterized in that the measuring device (33) ascertains, as characteristic variable, the drag resistance of the filter strands produced.
    25. Apparatus according to at least one of Claims 12 to 23, characterized in that the measuring device (46) ascertains, as characteristic variable, the density or mass of the filter strands produced by the formatting device (3).
    EP94105036A 1993-06-18 1994-03-30 Process and apparatus for the production of fibre strands Expired - Lifetime EP0629356B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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    DE4320317A DE4320317C2 (en) 1993-06-18 1993-06-18 Method and device for producing fiber strands
    DE4320317 1993-06-18

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    EP0629356A1 EP0629356A1 (en) 1994-12-21
    EP0629356B1 true EP0629356B1 (en) 1998-08-12

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    ZA943458B (en) 1995-01-19
    KR960014867B1 (en) 1996-10-21
    CN1102965A (en) 1995-05-31
    EG20492A (en) 1999-06-30
    RU2088128C1 (en) 1997-08-27
    BG61210B1 (en) 1997-03-31
    ES2122066T3 (en) 1998-12-16
    JPH0723762A (en) 1995-01-27
    EP0629356A1 (en) 1994-12-21
    BR9402439A (en) 1995-01-24
    MD859B2 (en) 1997-10-31
    CZ288375B6 (en) 2001-06-13
    CA2126159C (en) 1998-02-10
    SK62194A3 (en) 1995-01-12
    SK282520B6 (en) 2002-10-08
    BG98832A (en) 1995-05-31
    US5460590A (en) 1995-10-24
    LT3579B (en) 1995-12-27
    LTIP1973A (en) 1995-05-25
    CZ129394A3 (en) 1995-01-18
    PL303818A1 (en) 1995-01-09
    MD859C2 (en) 1998-07-31
    UA27815C2 (en) 2000-10-16
    HUT68604A (en) 1995-06-28
    HU9401421D0 (en) 1994-08-29
    DE4320317A1 (en) 1994-12-22
    DK0629356T3 (en) 1999-05-10
    KR950000079A (en) 1995-01-03
    DE4320317C2 (en) 1998-04-23
    CN1043456C (en) 1999-05-26
    ATE169459T1 (en) 1998-08-15
    JP2652135B2 (en) 1997-09-10
    HU220507B1 (en) 2002-02-28
    EE03257B1 (en) 2000-04-17
    DE59406646D1 (en) 1998-09-17
    PL174769B1 (en) 1998-09-30
    TR27912A (en) 1995-10-12
    CA2126159A1 (en) 1994-12-19

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