EP0531336A1 - Double-tube core drill for inclined drilling. - Google Patents

Double-tube core drill for inclined drilling.

Info

Publication number
EP0531336A1
EP0531336A1 EP91909440A EP91909440A EP0531336A1 EP 0531336 A1 EP0531336 A1 EP 0531336A1 EP 91909440 A EP91909440 A EP 91909440A EP 91909440 A EP91909440 A EP 91909440A EP 0531336 A1 EP0531336 A1 EP 0531336A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inner tube
tube
ball
bearing
outer tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91909440A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0531336B1 (en
Inventor
Staffan Paues
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diamant Boart Stratabit SA
Original Assignee
Diamant Boart Stratabit SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diamant Boart Stratabit SA filed Critical Diamant Boart Stratabit SA
Publication of EP0531336A1 publication Critical patent/EP0531336A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0531336B1 publication Critical patent/EP0531336B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
    • E21B25/10Formed core retaining or severing means
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/10Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04Directional drilling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a double corer for deviated drilling.
  • deviated drilling drilling lies in the possibility of taking numerous samples at great depth from a single drilling point, at various locations along a substantially horizontal oil table. These holes allow the investigation of the composition of the aquifer and its extent.
  • a deviated drilling borehole can be carried out using a double borehole sampler as described in document BE-A-875.016.
  • a corer comprises a rotary external tube provided with a sounding ring and a non-rotary internal tube provided with a shoe and an extractor spring intended to take a drilling core.
  • the conventional embodiment of a double corer has the disadvantage of not meeting the specific requirements imposed on a deviated core or a horizontal core.
  • the inner tube of the double core barrel has, by construction, a relatively thin wall in order to extract a core of maximum section. It can therefore be seen that, during a borehole borehole drilling, the inner tube of a double core barrel, which has an inclined or horizontal position during deviated drilling, flexes inside the outer tube under the weight of the carrot during sampling.
  • the deflection mentioned above is also the cause of tensions in the ball or needle bearing connecting the rotary outer tube to the fixed inner tube. This deflection reveals friction forces between the core and the inner tube and between the inner tube and the outer tube. These frictions tend to degrade the free rotation of the outer tube relative to the inner tube and cause the inner tube to rotate. tion by causing early failure of the core barrel.
  • the deflection of the inner tube causes a partial destruction of the sample taken by the corer.
  • a second drawback of conventional double borehole corers lies in the obstruction of the inlet of the inner tube at the start of drilling when the core engages in the core barrel. It also happens that an obstruction forms along the inner tube during drilling. The obstruction during operation is sometimes due to the fact that, in certain types of brittle rocks formed by strata inclined with respect to the direction of advancement of the core barrel, the carrot fractures into strips which are strongly supported against the walls of the core barrel and obstruct it by wedging. The danger of obstruction is all the greater the greater the angle of inclination of the lamellae.
  • a fourth drawback resulting from the use of a conventional double borehole sampler in a deviated borehole is the unexpected opening of the closure device mounted at the top of any inner tube of a double borehole.
  • the sealing ball is kept on its seat, during the coring operation, only by its own weight and by the pressure exerted on it by the drilling fluid.
  • the inclination of the borehole is large, even a brief interruption in the supply of drilling fluid can move the shutter ball away from its seat and cause a jet of liquid inside the core barrel. resulting in the accidental destruction of the core and the removal of the core.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and proposes a core barrel specially adapted for deviated drilling by the use of means and accessories which reinforce the rigidity of the inner tube of the core barrel, prevent any defect in obturation, and ensure its concentricity and reliability.
  • a double corer for deviated drilling comprising, on the one hand, a rota ⁇ tive outer tube carrying a sounding ring, and on the other hand, a non-rotating inner tube, bearing at a first end, close to the crown of sounding, a carrot extraction device formed by an extractor spring and a conical shoe, while the other end is secured to the outer tube by means of a ball or needle bearing possibly adjustable in height along of said outer tube.
  • this corer is characterized in that the bearing connecting the inner tube of the corer to the outer tube consists of a bearing with multiple ball bearings and / or needles housed in a sealed housing previously filled with oil or fat; the extractor device and the inner wall of the core barrel are covered with an anti-friction coating; the outer wall of the inner tube comprises a set of stabilization elements distributed along the inner tube between it and the outer tube; the conical shoe forming the lower part of the inner tube is centered in the sounding ring by centering ribs separating the flow channels; the clog is provided with a bevelled lower lip intended to facilitate the introduction of the core into the inner tube, a ball shutter device capable of holding the ball on its seat whatever the inclination of the deviated drilling.
  • the ball or needle bearing is constituted by a bearing with multiple bearings, some of which offer four support points.
  • the bearing consists of a ring carried by several series of ball bearings and / or aiguil ⁇ distributed not only concentrically around the axis of rotation but also axially along the axis sheltered from a waterproof housing containing an oil or grease bath.
  • the extraction device allows the carrot to be retained in the inner tube. It consists of the extractor spring and the conical shoe.
  • the extractor spring is formed by a split ring, the inner face of which is covered with a gripping coating resting on the conical shoe which has a beveled edge widening downwards, so as to enlarge the entry section of the tube. inside up to a diameter close to the inside diameter of the crown.
  • Figures 1A, 1B and 1C are longitudinal sections of various consecutive sections arranged from bottom to top of the double core barrel according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view on a larger scale of a multiple roller bearing
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view on a larger scale, of a first embodiment of a ball shutter device
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 illustrate the various phases of movement of the ball
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are views in longitudinal section on a larger scale of a blocking indicator occupying a lower position and a higher position
  • Figures 9 and 10 are, on a larger scale, a longitudinal section of the bottom part of the core barrel having stabilizing elements and of the bottom end of the core barrel.
  • the Double corer for deviated drilling consists essentially of an external tube 1 and an internal tube 2.
  • the external tube 1 consists of a train of hollow rods causing in rotation a sounding ring 3.
  • the outer tube 1 comprises a body 4 on which is fixed a bearing 10 of a ball or needle 11 bearing.
  • the inner tube 2 mainly comprises tubular elements screwed one after the other and arranged coaxially with the outer tube 1.
  • the lower tubular element of the inner tube 2 carries a device 9 for extracting the core.
  • the upper tubular element of the inner tube 2 is screwed to the non-rotating part 12 of the bearing 11, which is integral with the core barrel.
  • the non-rotating part 12 of the bearing 11 comprises a closure device 19 intended to receive a ball 46 as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6.
  • this closure device is known (see document BE-A-8700395).
  • it is essential to pass the drilling liquid in the direction of the arrows X through the inner tube 2 in order to remove the scree that has accumulated in the inner tube 2 and at the bottom of the well.
  • This clearing is obtained by using the fully open core barrel, that is to say not yet provided with the sealing ball 46, so as to allow the drilling liquid to pass through the inner part of the inner tube 2.
  • FIG. 3 A first embodiment of the closure device specially adapted to the double corer for deviated drilling is illustrated in Figure 3.
  • This device is made up of a metal basket 49 without bottom flared upwards.
  • the side wall of the basket 49 is formed of elastically deformable curved fingers 50. These fingers are retained by the upper edge 51 of the basket 49. They have the function of keeping the ball on its seat whatever the inclination of the deflected borehole.
  • FIG 3 illustrates the approach of the ball driven by the drilling fluid. To accelerate the descent of the ball 46 it is known to increase the flow rate of the drilling liquid.
  • Figure 4 shows how the ball crosses the basket by spreading the fingers thanks to the inertia acquired by the ball 46.
  • the resistance of the fingers 50 to elastically deform brakes the ball 46 and reduces the impact of the ball 46 on the seat 48.
  • the ball 46 closes the inner tube 2 (FIG. 5).
  • the curved shape of the fingers 50 allows the ball
  • the non-rotating part 12 of the ball or needle bearing 11 is extended by inner tube elements 2 of constant diameter.
  • the bearing 11 is made up of a series of concentric ba ⁇ gues-bearings 7 housed in a sealed annular housing 21 filled with oil or grease 22 (FIG. 2).
  • the concentric bearing rings 68 re ⁇ hold captive between them balls 69 and / or needles 50.
  • the outer part of the housing 21 is therefore not driven in rotation.
  • the housing 21 is sealed by baffles 25 and by a seal 26.
  • a first embodiment of the core barrel according to the invention, for deviated or horizontal drilling, is, in its operating principle, derived from the double core barrel described in Belgian patent No. 875.016.
  • the core barrel has an adjustable head whose position is adjusted by moving, by rotation, a sleeve 13 of the upper part of the bearing 11 in either direction, along a thread 5 of the body 4 of the outer tube 1. This succeeds in correcting the spacing between the conical shoe 32 of the extractor spring 8 and the sounding ring 3 (see FIG. 10).
  • the purpose of this adjustment is to compensate for the differences in length of the interior and exterior assemblies due to manufacturing tolerances and differential thermal expansion, in particular when using an interior tube 2 in aluminum or fiberglass.
  • a blocking cap 18 is put in place in order to prevent any subsequent relative displacement between the inner tube and the outer tube (FIG. 1C).
  • the locking cap 18 having at least one lug 20 allows angularly blocking the rotating part 12 of the ball bearing 11 or needle on the threaded body 4 of the outer tube 1 and thus prevent the relative rotation of the latter one relative to each other around their common vertical axis, thanks to a pair of diametrically opposite longitudinal grooves 17 of the sleeve 13 of the upper part of the bearing 11 and two diametrically opposite notches 6 of the threaded bore of the body 4 of the outer tube 1 (see BE-A-875.016)
  • the body 4 of the outer tube 1 is mounted on the outer tube 1 by a seal 29 called security, consisting of a single thread of square section.
  • security consisting of a single thread of square section.
  • this thread is undone in the case where the outer tube 1 is driven in reverse rotation with a view for example to unlock a part of the core barrel when the latter is jammed.
  • the end opposite to that of the cap 18 is suitable for serving to wedge the bearing rings 7 and the bearings with four abovementioned support points.
  • the extraction device 9 and the inner wall 38 of the inner tube 2 are covered with an anti-friction coating composed for example of a film of film. flon.
  • an anti-friction coating composed for example of a film of film. flon.
  • the present invention provides a means for detecting the blockage of the inner tube 2 using a pressure gauge provided by a device generally designated by the reference sign 55. It is a blocking indicator mounted in head of the inner tube 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the blocking indicator 55 comprises a sleeve 56 opening into a gap 58 provided between the flow distributor tube 27 and a deflecting envelope 59 which facilitates the passage of the li ⁇ quide of drilling feeding the lower zone of the corer in order to cool the tool during the coring and to evacuate the drilling debris.
  • the deflector casing 59 is fixed to the distributor tube 27 (see FIG. 4). It is limited by a biased edge 60 cooperating with a biased edge 61 of a protuberance of the sleeve 56 so as to delimit an annular slot 62 of variable width - constituting a restriction of an annular channel for passage of the drilling liquid, during an axial movement of the sleeve 56 relative to the deflecting envelope 59 which surrounds it.
  • This restriction makes it possible to cause an increase in pressure which can be read on a surface pressure gauge by an operator.
  • the inner tube 2 of the core barrel then drives up a suspension ring on which a spring 63 made up of Belleville washers 64 rests, allowing the inner tube a certain freedom of sliding limited downwards by the stops 65.
  • the spring hardly crushed pushes the sleeve up against the stops 66 and engages a biased edge 61 of the sleeve 56 in the annular gap 58 so as to restrict the section of the annular slot 62.
  • the inner tube comprises a set of stabilizing elements 67 distributed along the inner tube 2 between the latter and the outer tube 1.
  • This set of stabilizing elements 67 makes it possible to center the inner tube 2 correctly.
  • the outer tube 1 possibly also provided with stabilizing elements 35 and, when the corer is in a horizontal position, it reduces the deflection of the inner tube 2 under the effect of its own weight and that of the carrot (FIG. 9 ).
  • These stabilizing elements 67 constitute intermediate bearings with smooth friction bearing on the inner wall of the outer tube 1.
  • the stabilizing elements 67 in no way prevent the adjustment of the spacing between the lower ends of the conical shoe 32 and sounding ring 3, since they can slide longitudinally the along the inner wall of constant diameter of the outer tube 1.
  • each set of stabilization elements 67 carries a ring 28 of self-lubricating material bearing against the inner wall of the outer tube 1.
  • the self-lubricating ring 28 can slide along the outside tube 1.
  • the stabilizing elements 67 contribute to maintaining the straightness of the inner tube 2, one end of which can be considered to be embedded, in free rotation, in the outer tube 1 by means of the ball or needle bearing 11 formed by a bearing multiple bearings with four support points for example. These four support points help to make the inner tube 2 rigid, preventing it from bending.
  • the stabilizing elements 67 reduce the friction forces in the bearing 11 and eliminate the risks of entrainment in rotation of the inner tube 2, which rotation would destroy the carrot.
  • the self-lubricating ring has the same role. It prevents torsional forces on the inner tube 2.
  • the lower part of the inner tube 2, formed by the conical shoe 32, is centered in the crown of sounding 3 by centering ribs 34 separating the flow channels 33 (FIG. 10).
  • the shoe 32 is extended by a lower lip 14 guiding the drilling liquid longitudinally relative to the crown.
  • the lip 14 is bevelled and flared downwards so as to facilitate the introduction of the carrot into the inner tube 2.
  • the outer lateral wall 39 of the conical shoe 32 is covered with an anti-friction coating intended to prevent the rotation of the inner tube 2 by the crown 3.
  • the combined shapes of the outer side wall of the conical shoe 32 and the inner face of the crown 3 guide the drilling liquid parallel to the axis of the core.
  • the extractor spring 8 (FIG. 10) is formed of a split ring, the inner face of which is covered with a gripping coating 36. At the end of the coring, the ring closes on the carrot by cone effect, in bearing on the conical shoe 32 when the inner tube is removed 2.
  • the extraction device makes it possible to break the carrot and to rete ⁇ nate the sample in the inner tube while the inner tube 2 is brought up to the surface of the ground.
  • the corer according to the invention has the merit of making it possible to carry out a horizontal drilling which has the advantage of making it possible to correctly determine the extent of an oil deposit made up of large-scale oil slicks but of low height, where a vertical survey would only give summary survey results and clearly insufficient to give an estimate correct profitability of the eventual exploitation of a deposit.
  • a horizontal borehole also has the major advantage of speeding up the extraction of petroleum and increasing the flow of petroleum which can access the extraction tube in a horizontal petroleum deposit since it makes it possible to sample, by a large number distinct orifices distributed along the oil table, the crude oil which conceals the water table. This clearly improves the profitability of the exploitation of a horizontal deposit since it prevents the oil from having to migrate over significant distances through sufficiently permeable layers of land before reaching the immediate vicinity of the tube. extraction, as could be the case in a vertical survey.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Un carottier double dans lequel le tube intérieur (2) est relié au tube extérieur (1) par un roulement (11) à paliers multiples à billes et/ou à aiguilles, permet de rendre le tube intérieur (2) rigide et empêche qu'il ne soit entraîné en rotation en même temps que le tube extérieur (1). Le dispositif d'extraction (9) et la paroi intérieure (38) du tube sont avantageusement recouverts d'un revêtement anti-friction. Un jeu d'éléments de stabilisation (67) est réparti le long du tube extérieur pour stabiliser le tube intérieur (2). Un sabot conique (32) du tube intérieur est muni d'une lèvre inférieure (14) biseautée. Le carottier comporte également un indicateur de blocage de la carotte dans le tube intérieur (2) et un dispositif d'obturation (19) destiné à recevoir une bille (46) apte à assurer l'obturation du tube intérieur (2) du carottier.A double corer in which the inner tube (2) is connected to the outer tube (1) by a multi-bearing bearing (11) with balls and/or needles, makes it possible to make the inner tube (2) rigid and prevents it is rotated at the same time as the outer tube (1). The extraction device (9) and the inner wall (38) of the tube are advantageously covered with an anti-friction coating. A set of stabilizing elements (67) is distributed along the outer tube to stabilize the inner tube (2). A tapered shoe (32) of the inner tube has a bevelled lower lip (14). The corer also includes a core blocking indicator in the inner tube (2) and a sealing device (19) intended to receive a ball (46) capable of ensuring the sealing of the inner tube (2) of the corer.

Description

CAROTTIER DOUBLE POUR FORAGE DEVIE DOUBLE CORE FOR DEVIE DRILLING
La présente invention est relative à un carottier double pour forage dévié.The present invention relates to a double corer for deviated drilling.
L'intérêt des sondages en forage dévié réside dans la possibilité de prélever de nombreux échantillons à grande profondeur à partir d'un seul point de forage, à des endroits divers le long d'une nappe pétrolifère sensiblement horizontale. Ces sondages permettent l'investigation de la composition de la nappe et de son étendue.The advantage of deviated drilling drilling lies in the possibility of taking numerous samples at great depth from a single drilling point, at various locations along a substantially horizontal oil table. These holes allow the investigation of the composition of the aquifer and its extent.
Le document US-A-4467879 enseigne qu'un forage dévié s'obtient par la mise en oeuvre d'un ou de plusieurs manchons stabilisateurs montés le long d'un train de tiges. Le choix judicieux du type de manchon stabilisateur et des dimensions ainsi que leur répar¬ tition le long du train de tiges permet de régler et de contrôler l'angle d'inclinaison du forage comme décrit dans le document EP-A-0178709.Document US-A-4467879 teaches that a deviated drilling is obtained by the implementation of one or more stabilizing sleeves mounted along a drill string. The judicious choice of the type of stabilizing sleeve and the dimensions as well as their distribution along the drill string makes it possible to adjust and control the angle of inclination of the borehole as described in document EP-A-0178709.
On sait aussi qu'un sondage en forage dévié peut être effectué à l'aide d'un carottier de sondage double tel que décrit dans le document BE-A-875.016. Un tel carottier comprend un tube extérieur rotatif muni d'une couronne de sondage et un tube intérieur non rotatif muni d'un sabot et d'un ressort extrac¬ teur destiné à prélever une carotte de sondage. La réalisation classique d'un carottier double présente toutefois l'inconvénient de ne pas répondre aux exigences particulières imposées à un carσttage dévié ou à un carottage horizontal. En effet, le tube intérieur du carottier double a, par con¬ struction, une paroi relativement mince afin d'ex¬ traire une carotte de section maximale. On s'aperçoit dès lors, qu'au cours d'un sondage en forage dévié, le tube intérieur d'un carottier double, qui présente une position inclinée ou horizontale lors du forage dévié, fléchit à l'intérieur du tube extérieur sous le poids de la carotte au cours du prélèvement.It is also known that a deviated drilling borehole can be carried out using a double borehole sampler as described in document BE-A-875.016. Such a corer comprises a rotary external tube provided with a sounding ring and a non-rotary internal tube provided with a shoe and an extractor spring intended to take a drilling core. The conventional embodiment of a double corer, however, has the disadvantage of not meeting the specific requirements imposed on a deviated core or a horizontal core. In fact, the inner tube of the double core barrel has, by construction, a relatively thin wall in order to extract a core of maximum section. It can therefore be seen that, during a borehole borehole drilling, the inner tube of a double core barrel, which has an inclined or horizontal position during deviated drilling, flexes inside the outer tube under the weight of the carrot during sampling.
Ce fléchissement du tube intérieur rend plus dif- ficile la pénétration de la carotte dans le tube carottier et on observe fréquemment que la carotte se coince dans le tube carottier. Or, un tel coincement a pour effet immédiat que l'effort de poussée lors du forage, qui résulte du poids considérable de l'ensem- ble du train de tiges et qui normalement doit être transmis par les tubes extérieurs à la couronne de forage, est transmis intégralement au tube intérieur relativement mince du carottier, ce qui provoque naturellement la destruction immédiate du tube carottier intérieur et de la carotte.This deflection of the inner tube makes it more difficult for the carrot to penetrate the core tube and it is frequently observed that the carrot gets stuck in the core tube. However, such jamming has the immediate effect that the thrust force during drilling, which results from the considerable weight of the entire drill string and which normally must be transmitted by the tubes outside the drill bit, is fully transmitted to the relatively thin inner core tube, which naturally causes immediate destruction of the inner core tube and the core.
Le fléchissement mentionné plus haut est aussi la cause de tensions dans le roulement à billes ou à aiguilles reliant le tube extérieur rotatif au tube intérieur fixe. Ce fléchissement fait apparaître des efforts de frottement entre la carotte et le tube intérieur et entre le tube intérieur et le tube extérieur. Ces frottements ont tendance à dégrader la rotation libre du tube extérieur par rapport au tube intérieur et à entraîner le tube intérieur en rota- tion en provoquant la rupture précoce du carottier. Le fléchissement du tube intérieur provoque une destruction partielle de l'échantillon prélevé par le carottier.The deflection mentioned above is also the cause of tensions in the ball or needle bearing connecting the rotary outer tube to the fixed inner tube. This deflection reveals friction forces between the core and the inner tube and between the inner tube and the outer tube. These frictions tend to degrade the free rotation of the outer tube relative to the inner tube and cause the inner tube to rotate. tion by causing early failure of the core barrel. The deflection of the inner tube causes a partial destruction of the sample taken by the corer.
Un deuxième inconvénient des carottiers de sondage double classiques réside dans l'obstruction de l'en¬ trée du tube intérieur au début du forage lorsque la carotte s'engage dans le carottier. Il arrive aussi qu'une obstruction se forme le long du tube intérieur pendant le forage. L'obstruction en cours d'opé¬ ration est parfois due au fait que, dans certains types de roches friables formées de strates inclinées par rapport à la direction d'avancement du carottier, la carotte se fracture en lamelles qui s'appuient avec force contre les parois du carottier et ob¬ struent celui-ci par coinçage. Le danger d'obstruc¬ tion est d'autant plus grand que l'angle d'inclinai¬ son des lamelles est important.A second drawback of conventional double borehole corers lies in the obstruction of the inlet of the inner tube at the start of drilling when the core engages in the core barrel. It also happens that an obstruction forms along the inner tube during drilling. The obstruction during operation is sometimes due to the fact that, in certain types of brittle rocks formed by strata inclined with respect to the direction of advancement of the core barrel, the carrot fractures into strips which are strongly supported against the walls of the core barrel and obstruct it by wedging. The danger of obstruction is all the greater the greater the angle of inclination of the lamellae.
En forage vertical ou légèrement incliné, on se rend compte du blocage par la diminution très sensi¬ ble de la vitesse d'avancement. On augmente alors le poids appliqué sur le train de tiges en veillant à ne pas provoquer le flambage intérieur du carottier ni la surchauffe du roulement, puisque tout le poids du train de tiges se répercute sur le tube intérieur.In vertical or slightly inclined drilling, one realizes the blockage by the very significant decrease in the forward speed. The weight applied to the drill string is then increased, taking care not to cause internal buckling of the core barrel or overheating of the bearing, since the entire weight of the drill string affects the internal tube.
En forage fortement incliné et a priori en forage horizontal, l'influence des efforts verticaux appliqués sur le train de forage est moins percepti¬ ble puisque ces efforts sont transmis par de nombreux points de contact le long de la paroi du puits et que seule une composante de force intervient. Un troisième inconvénient réside dans la difficul¬ té d'assurer la concentricité parfaite du tube inté¬ rieur du carottier et du tube extérieur. Une solu¬ tion assez évidente pour assurer la concentricité parfaite du tube intérieur et du tube extérieur serait de répartir, le long du tube intérieur, des paliers intermédiaires entre le tube intérieur et le tube extérieur. Des paliers intermédiaires classiques à roulement à billes n'ont jamais pu être mis en oeuvre dans un carottier double à tête ajustable parce qu'ils interdisent tout déplacement longitudi¬ nal du tube intérieur du carottier par rapport au tube extérieur. Or, un déplacement longitudinal est nécessaire pour le réglage de l'écartement entre le dispositif extracteur et la couronne de sondage.In strongly inclined drilling and a priori in horizontal drilling, the influence of the vertical forces applied to the drill string is less perceptible because these forces are transmitted by numerous contact points along the wall of the well and that only one force component intervenes. A third drawback lies in the difficulty of ensuring perfect concentricity of the inner tube of the core barrel and the outer tube. A solution fairly obvious to ensure perfect concentricity of the inner tube and the outer tube would be to distribute, along the inner tube, intermediate bearings between the inner tube and the outer tube. Conventional intermediate bearings with ball bearings have never been used in a double corer with adjustable head because they prohibit any longitudi¬ nal movement of the inner tube of the corer relative to the outer tube. However, a longitudinal displacement is necessary for adjusting the spacing between the extractor device and the sounding ring.
Un quatrième inconvénient résultant de l'utilisation d'un carottier de sondage double classique dans un forage dévié est l'ouverture inopinée du dispositif d'obturation monté à la partie supérieure de tout tube intérieur d'un carottier double.A fourth drawback resulting from the use of a conventional double borehole sampler in a deviated borehole is the unexpected opening of the closure device mounted at the top of any inner tube of a double borehole.
Il s'agit généralement d'un dispositif d'obtura- tion à bille lancée généralement à partir de la surface du sol en vue d'obturer un siège du disposi¬ tif d'obturation. Dans un carottier double classi¬ que, la bille d'obturation est maintenue sur son siège, pendant l'opération de carottage, uniquement par son poids propre et par la pression exercée sur elle par le fluide de forage. Lorsque l'inclinaison du forage est forte, une interruption même brève de l'alimentation en fluide de forage peut éloigner la bille d'obturation de son siège et provoquer un jet de liquide à l'intérieur du carottier ledit jet entraînant la destruction accidentelle de la carotte et le déblaiement du carottier.It is generally a ball shutter device launched generally from the ground surface in order to close a seat of the shutter device. In a double class corer, the sealing ball is kept on its seat, during the coring operation, only by its own weight and by the pressure exerted on it by the drilling fluid. When the inclination of the borehole is large, even a brief interruption in the supply of drilling fluid can move the shutter ball away from its seat and cause a jet of liquid inside the core barrel. resulting in the accidental destruction of the core and the removal of the core.
La présente invention vise à remédier aux inconvé- nients susdits et propose un carottier spécialement adapté au forage dévié par la mise en oeuvre de moyens et d'accessoires qui renforcent la rigidi¬ té du tube intérieur du carottier, empêchent tout défaut d'obturation, et assurent sa concentricité et sa fiabilité.The present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and proposes a core barrel specially adapted for deviated drilling by the use of means and accessories which reinforce the rigidity of the inner tube of the core barrel, prevent any defect in obturation, and ensure its concentricity and reliability.
Elle concerne un carottier double pour forage dévié comprenant, d'une part, un tube extérieur rota¬ tif portant une couronne de sondage, et d'autre part, un tube intérieur non rotatif, portant à une première extrémité, voisine de la couronne de sondage, un dispositif d'extraction de carotte formé d'un ressort extracteur et d'un sabot conique, tandis que l'autre extrémité est solidarisée au tube extérieur au moyen d'un roulement à billes ou à aiguilles éventuellement réglable en hauteur le long dudit tube extérieur. Suivant l'invention, ce carottier est caractérisé en ce que le roulement reliant le tube intérieur du carottier au tube extérieur est constitué d'un palier à roulements multiples à billes et/ou à aiguilles logées dans un boîtier étanche préalablement rempli d'huile ou de graisse; le dispositif extracteur et la paroi intérieure du tube carottier sont recouverts d'un revêtement antifriction; la paroi extérieure du tube intérieur comporte un jeu d'éléments de stabili¬ sation répartis le long du tube intérieur entre ce¬ lui-ci et le tube extérieur; le sabot conique formant la partie inférieure du tube intérieur est centré dans la couronne de sondage par des nervures de centrage séparant les canaux d'écoulement; le sabot est muni d'une lèvre inférieure biseautée destinée à faciliter l'introduction de la carotte dans le tube intérieur,un dispositif d'obturation à bille apte à maintenir la bille sur son siège quelle que soit l'inclinaison du forage dévié.It relates to a double corer for deviated drilling comprising, on the one hand, a rota¬ tive outer tube carrying a sounding ring, and on the other hand, a non-rotating inner tube, bearing at a first end, close to the crown of sounding, a carrot extraction device formed by an extractor spring and a conical shoe, while the other end is secured to the outer tube by means of a ball or needle bearing possibly adjustable in height along of said outer tube. According to the invention, this corer is characterized in that the bearing connecting the inner tube of the corer to the outer tube consists of a bearing with multiple ball bearings and / or needles housed in a sealed housing previously filled with oil or fat; the extractor device and the inner wall of the core barrel are covered with an anti-friction coating; the outer wall of the inner tube comprises a set of stabilization elements distributed along the inner tube between it and the outer tube; the conical shoe forming the lower part of the inner tube is centered in the sounding ring by centering ribs separating the flow channels; the clog is provided with a bevelled lower lip intended to facilitate the introduction of the core into the inner tube, a ball shutter device capable of holding the ball on its seat whatever the inclination of the deviated drilling.
Suivant un développement particulier de l'inven¬ tion, le roulement à billes ou à aiguilles est con¬ stitué d'un palier à roulements multiples dont certains d'entre eux offrent quatre points d'appui. Le palier est constitué d'une bague portée par plusieurs séries de roulements à billes et/ou aiguil¬ les réparties non seulement concentriquement autour de l'axe de rotation mais également axialement le long de l'axe à l'abri d'un un boîtier étanche conte¬ nant un bain d'huile ou de graisse.According to a particular development of the invention, the ball or needle bearing is constituted by a bearing with multiple bearings, some of which offer four support points. The bearing consists of a ring carried by several series of ball bearings and / or aiguil¬ distributed not only concentrically around the axis of rotation but also axially along the axis sheltered from a waterproof housing containing an oil or grease bath.
Le dispositif d'extraction permet de retenir la carotte dans le tube intérieur. Il est constitué du ressort extracteur et du sabot conique. Le ressort extracteur est formé d'une bague fendue dont la face intérieure est recouverte d'un revêtement agrippant prenant appui sur le sabot conique qui présente un bord biseauté s'élargissant vers le bas, de manière à agrandir la section d'entrée du tube intérieur jusqu'à un diamètre voisin du diamètre intérieur de la couronne.The extraction device allows the carrot to be retained in the inner tube. It consists of the extractor spring and the conical shoe. The extractor spring is formed by a split ring, the inner face of which is covered with a gripping coating resting on the conical shoe which has a beveled edge widening downwards, so as to enlarge the entry section of the tube. inside up to a diameter close to the inside diameter of the crown.
La concentricité du sabot conique supportant le dispositif d'extraction par rapport à la couronne est assurée par le sabot conique biseauté qui prend appui sur des nervures longitudinales de centrage, séparées l'une de l'autre par des canaux d'écoulement de fluide de forage. D'autres détails et particularités de l'invention ressortiront de la description détaillée qui suit, en référence aux dessins ci-annexés, dans lesquels :The concentricity of the conical shoe supporting the extraction device relative to the crown is ensured by the beveled conical shoe which is supported on longitudinal centering ribs, separated from each other by fluid flow channels of drilling. Other details and particularities of the invention will emerge from the detailed description which follows, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
- les figures 1A, 1B et 1C sont des coupes longitudinales de divers tronçons consécutifs disposés de bas en haut du carottier double selon l'invention;- Figures 1A, 1B and 1C are longitudinal sections of various consecutive sections arranged from bottom to top of the double core barrel according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale à plus grande échelle d'un palier à roulements multiples;- Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view on a larger scale of a multiple roller bearing;
la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale à plus grande échelle, d'une première forme de réalisation d'un dispositif d'obturation à bille;Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view on a larger scale, of a first embodiment of a ball shutter device;
les figures 4 à 6 illustrent les diverses phases de déplacement de la bille;Figures 4 to 6 illustrate the various phases of movement of the ball;
les figures 7 et 8 sont des vues en coupe longitu¬ dinale à plus grande échelle d'un indicateur de blocage occupant une position inférieure et une position supérieure, etFIGS. 7 and 8 are views in longitudinal section on a larger scale of a blocking indicator occupying a lower position and a higher position, and
les figures 9 et 10 sont, à plus grande échelle, une coupe longitudinale de la partie inférieure du carottier présentant des éléments de stabilisation et de l'extrémité inférieure du carottier.Figures 9 and 10 are, on a larger scale, a longitudinal section of the bottom part of the core barrel having stabilizing elements and of the bottom end of the core barrel.
Dans ces diverses figures, des mêmes signes de référence désignent des éléments identiques ou analogues.In these various figures, the same reference signs designate identical or analogous elements.
Comme illustré aux figures 1A, 1B et 1C, le carottier double pour forage dévié, selon l'inven¬ tion, est constitué essentiellement d'un tube exté¬ rieur 1 et d'un tube intérieur 2. Le tube extérieur 1 est constitué d'un train de tiges creuses entraînant en rotation, une couronne de sondage 3. A une cer¬ taine distance de la couronne 3, le tube extérieur 1 comporte un corps 4 sur lequel est fixé un coussinet 10 d'un roulement 11 à billes ou à aiguilles .As illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C, the Double corer for deviated drilling, according to the invention, consists essentially of an external tube 1 and an internal tube 2. The external tube 1 consists of a train of hollow rods causing in rotation a sounding ring 3. At a certain distance from the ring 3, the outer tube 1 comprises a body 4 on which is fixed a bearing 10 of a ball or needle 11 bearing.
Le tube intérieur 2 comprend principalement des éléments tubulaires vissés à la suite les uns des autres et disposés coaxialement au tube extérieur 1. L'élément tubulaire inférieur du tube intérieur 2 porte un dispositif 9 d'extraction de carotte. L'élément tubulaire supérieur du tube intérieur 2 est vissé à la partie non rotative 12 du roulement 11, laquelle est solidaire du tube carottier.The inner tube 2 mainly comprises tubular elements screwed one after the other and arranged coaxially with the outer tube 1. The lower tubular element of the inner tube 2 carries a device 9 for extracting the core. The upper tubular element of the inner tube 2 is screwed to the non-rotating part 12 of the bearing 11, which is integral with the core barrel.
De manière connue en soi, la partie non rotative 12 du roulement 11 comporte un dispositif d'obtura¬ tion 19 destiné à recevoir une bille 46 comme illus¬ tré dans les figures 3 à 6.In a manner known per se, the non-rotating part 12 of the bearing 11 comprises a closure device 19 intended to receive a ball 46 as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6.
Le but de ce dispositif d'obturation est connu (voir le document BE-A-8700395) . Au début du forage il est indispensable de faire passer le liquide de forage dans la direction des flèches X au travers du tube intérieur 2 en vue d'enlever les éboulis qui se sont accumulés dans le tube intérieur 2 et au fond du puits. Ce deblayage s'obtient en mettant en oeuvre le carottier entièrement ouvert, c'est-à-dire non encore muni de la bille d'obturation 46, de manière à per¬ mettre au liquide de forage de traverser la partie intérieure du tube intérieur 2.The purpose of this closure device is known (see document BE-A-8700395). At the start of drilling it is essential to pass the drilling liquid in the direction of the arrows X through the inner tube 2 in order to remove the scree that has accumulated in the inner tube 2 and at the bottom of the well. This clearing is obtained by using the fully open core barrel, that is to say not yet provided with the sealing ball 46, so as to allow the drilling liquid to pass through the inner part of the inner tube 2.
Lorsque l'opération de deblayage du fond de puits est terminée, on dévie le flux de liquide de forage dans le sens des flèches Z vers l'extérieur du tube intérieur 2 à travers les ouvertures 52 dans un espace annulaire 47 entourant ce dernier, comme il- lustré dans la figure 5, en lançant librement à partir de la surface du sol, la bille 46 destinée à venir obturer un siège 48 prévu dans la partie non rotative 12 du roulement 11. Une première forme de réalisation du dispositif d'obturation spécialement adapté au carottier double pour forage dévié est illustrée dans la figure 3. Ce dispositif est consti¬ tué d'une corbeille métallique 49 sans fond évasée vers le haut. La paroi latérale de la corbeille 49 est formée de doigts recourbés 50 élastiquement dé- formables. Ces doigts sont retenus par le bord supé¬ rieur 51 de la corbeille 49. Ils ont pour fonction de maintenir la bille sur son siège quelle que soit l'inclinaison du forage dévié.When the downhole clearing operation is completed, the flow of drilling liquid is deflected in the direction of the arrows Z towards the outside of the inner tube 2 through the openings 52 in an annular space 47 surrounding the latter, as illustrated in FIG. 5, by launching freely from the surface of the ground, the ball 46 intended to close off a seat 48 provided in the non-rotating part 12 of the bearing 11. A first embodiment of the closure device specially adapted to the double corer for deviated drilling is illustrated in Figure 3. This device is made up of a metal basket 49 without bottom flared upwards. The side wall of the basket 49 is formed of elastically deformable curved fingers 50. These fingers are retained by the upper edge 51 of the basket 49. They have the function of keeping the ball on its seat whatever the inclination of the deflected borehole.
La figure 3 illustre l'approche de la bille entraînée par le liquide de forage. Pour accélérer la descente de la bille 46 il est connu d'augmenter le débit du liquide de forage.Figure 3 illustrates the approach of the ball driven by the drilling fluid. To accelerate the descent of the ball 46 it is known to increase the flow rate of the drilling liquid.
La figure 4 montre comment la bille franchit la corbeille par ecartement des doigts grâce à l'inertie acquise par la bille 46. La résistance des doigts 50 à se déformer élastiquement freine la bille 46 et diminue l'impact de la bille 46 sur le siège 48. Lorsqu'elle est appliquée sur le siège 48, la bille 46 obture le tube intérieur 2 (figure 5).Figure 4 shows how the ball crosses the basket by spreading the fingers thanks to the inertia acquired by the ball 46. The resistance of the fingers 50 to elastically deform brakes the ball 46 and reduces the impact of the ball 46 on the seat 48. When it is applied to the seat 48, the ball 46 closes the inner tube 2 (FIG. 5).
La forme recourbée des doigts 50 permet à la billeThe curved shape of the fingers 50 allows the ball
46 de s'écarter dans une mesure limitée de son siège 48 de manière à permettre l'élimination de toute surpression dans le tube carottier par libération, dans le sens des flèches Y, du liquide de forage ou tout autre fluide emprisonné dans le tube intérieur 2 (figure 6 ) .46 to deviate to a limited extent from its seat 48 so as to allow the elimination of any overpressure in the core barrel by releasing, in the direction of the arrows Y, the drilling liquid or any other fluid trapped in the inner tube 2 (Figure 6).
La partie non rotative 12 du roulement à billes ou à aiguilles 11 est prolongée par des éléments de tube intérieur 2 de diamètre constant.The non-rotating part 12 of the ball or needle bearing 11 is extended by inner tube elements 2 of constant diameter.
Le roulement 11 est constitué d'une série de ba¬ gues-paliers concentriques 7 logées dans un boîtier annulaire 21 étanche rempli d'huile ou de graisse 22 (figure 2). Les bagues-paliers concentriques 68 re¬ tiennent prisonnières entre elles des billes 69 et/ou aiguilles 50. La partie extérieure du boîtier 21 n'est donc pas entraînée en rotation. L'étanchéité du boîtier 21 est assurée par des chicanes 25 et par un joint d'étanchéité 26.The bearing 11 is made up of a series of concentric ba¬ gues-bearings 7 housed in a sealed annular housing 21 filled with oil or grease 22 (FIG. 2). The concentric bearing rings 68 re¬ hold captive between them balls 69 and / or needles 50. The outer part of the housing 21 is therefore not driven in rotation. The housing 21 is sealed by baffles 25 and by a seal 26.
Une première forme de réalisation du carottier selon l'invention, pour forage dévié ou horizontal, est, dans son principe de fonctionnement, dérivé du carottier double décrit dans le brevet belge N°875.016. Le carottier comporte une tête ajustable dont on règle la position en déplaçant, par rotation, un manchon 13 de la partie supérieure du roulement 11 dans l'un ou l'autre sens, le long d'un taraudage 5 du corps 4 du tube extérieur 1. On parvient ainsi à corriger l'ecartement entre le sabot conique 32 du ressort extracteur 8 et la couronne de sondage 3 (voir figure 10). Ce réglage a pour but de compenser les différences de longueur des assemblages intérieur et extérieur dues aux tolérances de fabrication et à la dilatation thermique différentielle, en particu- lier lors de l'utilisation d'un tube intérieur 2 en aluminium ou en fibre de verre.A first embodiment of the core barrel according to the invention, for deviated or horizontal drilling, is, in its operating principle, derived from the double core barrel described in Belgian patent No. 875.016. The core barrel has an adjustable head whose position is adjusted by moving, by rotation, a sleeve 13 of the upper part of the bearing 11 in either direction, along a thread 5 of the body 4 of the outer tube 1. This succeeds in correcting the spacing between the conical shoe 32 of the extractor spring 8 and the sounding ring 3 (see FIG. 10). The purpose of this adjustment is to compensate for the differences in length of the interior and exterior assemblies due to manufacturing tolerances and differential thermal expansion, in particular when using an interior tube 2 in aluminum or fiberglass.
Lorsque l'ecartement susdit atteint la valeur souhaitée on met en place une coiffe de blocage 18 afin d'empêcher tout déplacement relatif ultérieur entre le tube intérieur et le tube extérieur (figure 1C) . La coiffe de blocage 18 présentant au moins un ergot 20 permet de bloquer angulairement la partie rotative 12 du roulement 11 à billes ou à aiguilles sur le corps 4 taraudé du tube extérieur 1 et empê¬ cher ainsi la rotation relative de ces dernières l'une par rapport à l'autre autour de leur axe verti¬ cal commun, grâce à une paire de rainures longitudi¬ nales 17 diamétralement opposées du manchon 13 de la partie supérieure du roulement 11 et deux encoches 6 diamétralement opposées de l'alésage taraudé du corps 4 du tube extérieur 1 (voir BE-A-875.016 )When the above-mentioned spacing reaches the desired value, a blocking cap 18 is put in place in order to prevent any subsequent relative displacement between the inner tube and the outer tube (FIG. 1C). The locking cap 18 having at least one lug 20 allows angularly blocking the rotating part 12 of the ball bearing 11 or needle on the threaded body 4 of the outer tube 1 and thus prevent the relative rotation of the latter one relative to each other around their common vertical axis, thanks to a pair of diametrically opposite longitudinal grooves 17 of the sleeve 13 of the upper part of the bearing 11 and two diametrically opposite notches 6 of the threaded bore of the body 4 of the outer tube 1 (see BE-A-875.016)
Le corps 4 du tube extérieur 1 est monté sur le tube extérieur 1 par un joint 29 dit de sécurité, constitué d'un filet simple de section carrée. De préférence, ce filet se défait dans le cas où le tube extérieur 1 est entraîné en rotation inverse en vue par exemple de débloquer une partie du carottier lorsque ce dernier est coincé.The body 4 of the outer tube 1 is mounted on the outer tube 1 by a seal 29 called security, consisting of a single thread of square section. Preferably, this thread is undone in the case where the outer tube 1 is driven in reverse rotation with a view for example to unlock a part of the core barrel when the latter is jammed.
L'extrémité opposée à celle de la coiffe 18 est appropriée pour servir au calage des bagues-paliers 7 et des roulements à quatre points d'appui susmention- nés.The end opposite to that of the cap 18 is suitable for serving to wedge the bearing rings 7 and the bearings with four abovementioned support points.
En vue de prévenir le second inconvénient, le dispositif d'extraction 9 et la paroi intérieure 38 du tube intérieur 2 sont recouverts d'un revêtement anti-friction composé par exemple d'un film de té- flon. Toutefois, il arrive que malgré cette mesure de précaution, certains types de roche se clivent et se coincent à l'intérieur du tube intérieur 2 ou à l'entrée de celui-ci, entre le sabot conique 32 et la couronne de forage 3 du dispositif d'extraction 9.In order to prevent the second drawback, the extraction device 9 and the inner wall 38 of the inner tube 2 are covered with an anti-friction coating composed for example of a film of film. flon. However, it happens that despite this precautionary measure, certain types of rock cleave and get stuck inside the inner tube 2 or at the entrance thereof, between the conical shoe 32 and the drill bit 3 of the extraction device 9.
Lorsque l'outil de forage ne progresse plus, tout le poids appliqué sur le tube extérieur 1 et sur la couronne 3 se répercute sur le tube intérieur 2. Selon que le tube intérieur 2 est en fibre de verre ou en acier, le transfert vers le tube intérieur 2 des efforts appliqués sur le tube extérieur 1 lors du blocage du carottier, provoque soit le flambage du tube intérieur 2, soit la rupture de ce tube. En cas de blocage du carottier, le poids transféré sur le tube intérieur 2 est tellement considérable qu'on assiste parfois à l'écrasement du roulement 11, même si celui-ci est un roulement multiple. Or, la résis¬ tance à l'écrasement d'un roulement multiple 11 est de loin supérieur à celui d'un roulement simple puisqu'il permet de répartir sur plusieurs étages de billes ou d'aiguilles les efforts axiaux repris par le roulement. La détérioration du roulement 11 en¬ traîne inévitablement la destruction de la carotte puisque le tube intérieur 2 est alors inévitablement entraîné en rotation par le tube extérieur 1.When the drilling tool no longer progresses, all the weight applied to the outer tube 1 and to the crown 3 is reflected on the inner tube 2. Depending on whether the inner tube 2 is made of fiberglass or steel, the transfer to the inner tube 2 of the forces applied to the outer tube 1 during the blocking of the core barrel, causes either the buckling of the inner tube 2, or the rupture of this tube. In case of blocking of the core barrel, the weight transferred to the inner tube 2 is so considerable that we sometimes witness the crushing of the bearing 11, even if it is a multiple bearing. However, the resistance to crushing of a multiple bearing 11 is far greater than that of a single bearing since it allows the axial forces taken up by the bearing to be distributed over several stages of balls or needles. The deterioration of the bearing 11 en¬ inevitably leads to the destruction of the core since the inner tube 2 is then inevitably rotated by the outer tube 1.
En forage horizontal, l'influence de l'effort appliqué sur le tube extérieur 1 et la couronne 3 est difficile à percevoir en raison du fait que seule une composante de l'effort vertical intervient. Des variations simultanées des nombreux paramètres et le nombre élevé de points de contact du tube extérieur 1 avec la paroi du puits en forage horizontal rendent la conduite du forage extrêmement difficile. L'opérateur s'aperçoit généralement trop tard que la vitesse d'avancement du forage a diminué. Lorsqu'il s'en aperçoit, l'équipement de sondage risque d'être déjà irrémédiablement abîmé.In horizontal drilling, the influence of the force applied to the outer tube 1 and the crown 3 is difficult to perceive due to the fact that only one component of the vertical force is involved. Simultaneous variations of the numerous parameters and the high number of points of contact of the external tube 1 with the wall of the well in horizontal drilling make the conduct of drilling extremely difficult. The operator generally realizes too late that the drilling speed has decreased. When he notices this, the survey equipment may already be irreparably damaged.
La présente invention propose un moyen pour détecter le blocage du tube intérieur 2 à l'aide d'une indication manométrique fournie par un dispositif désigné dans son ensemble par le signe de référence 55. Il s'agit d'un indicateur de blocage monté en tête du tube intérieur 2. Comme illustré à la figure 1B, l'indicateur de blocage 55 comporte un manchon 56 débouchant dans un interstice 58 prévu entre le tube distributeur de débit 27 et une enve- loppe déflectrice 59 qui facilite le passage du li¬ quide de forage alimentant la zone inférieure du carottier afin de refroidir l'outil lors du carottage et d'évacuer les débris de forage.The present invention provides a means for detecting the blockage of the inner tube 2 using a pressure gauge provided by a device generally designated by the reference sign 55. It is a blocking indicator mounted in head of the inner tube 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the blocking indicator 55 comprises a sleeve 56 opening into a gap 58 provided between the flow distributor tube 27 and a deflecting envelope 59 which facilitates the passage of the li¬ quide of drilling feeding the lower zone of the corer in order to cool the tool during the coring and to evacuate the drilling debris.
L'enveloppe déflectrice 59 est fixée sur le tube distributeur 27 (voir figure 4). Elle est limitée par un bord biaisé 60 coopérant avec une arête biaisée 61 d'une protubérance du manchon 56 de manière à délimi¬ ter une fente annulaire 62 de largeur variable- constituant une restriction d'un canal annulaire de passage du liquide de forage, lors d'un déplacement axial du manchon 56 par rapport à l'enveloppe déflec¬ trice 59 qui l'entoure. Cette restriction permet de provoquer une augmentation de pression pouvant être lue sur un manomètre en surface par un opérateur.The deflector casing 59 is fixed to the distributor tube 27 (see FIG. 4). It is limited by a biased edge 60 cooperating with a biased edge 61 of a protuberance of the sleeve 56 so as to delimit an annular slot 62 of variable width - constituting a restriction of an annular channel for passage of the drilling liquid, during an axial movement of the sleeve 56 relative to the deflecting envelope 59 which surrounds it. This restriction makes it possible to cause an increase in pressure which can be read on a surface pressure gauge by an operator.
En cas de blocage, le tube intérieur carottier 2 a tendance à remonter à l'intérieur du tube extérieur 1 en même temps que la carotte, alors que le tube extérieur 1 ne peut plus progresser dans sa descente (figures 7 et 8).In the event of a blockage, the inner core barrel 2 tends to rise inside the outer barrel 1 at the same time as the core, while the outer barrel 1 can no longer progress in its descent (Figures 7 and 8).
Le tube intérieur 2 du carottier entraîne alors vers le haut une bague de suspension sur laquelle prend appui un ressort 63 composé de rondelles de Belleville 64 permettant au tube intérieur une certaine liberté de coulissement limitée vers le bas par les butées 65. Le ressort à peine écrasé pousse le manchon vers le haut contre les butées 66 et engage une arête biaisée 61 du manchon 56 dans l'interstice annulaire 58 de manière à restreindre la section de la fente annulaire 62.The inner tube 2 of the core barrel then drives up a suspension ring on which a spring 63 made up of Belleville washers 64 rests, allowing the inner tube a certain freedom of sliding limited downwards by the stops 65. The spring hardly crushed pushes the sleeve up against the stops 66 and engages a biased edge 61 of the sleeve 56 in the annular gap 58 so as to restrict the section of the annular slot 62.
L'augmentation de pression, qui résulte de cette restriction et qui est lue sur le manomètre informe l'opérateur d'un blocage éventuel de la carotte dans le tube intérieur 2.The increase in pressure, which results from this restriction and which is read on the pressure gauge, informs the operator of a possible blockage of the core in the inner tube 2.
Le tube intérieur comporte un jeu d'éléments de stabilisation 67 répartis le long du tube intérieur 2 entre celui-ci et le tube extérieur 1. Ce jeu d'élé¬ ments de stabilisation 67 permet de centrer correcte¬ ment le tube intérieur 2 dans le tube extérieur 1 éventuellement muni lui aussi d'éléments stabilisa- teurs 35 et , lorsque le carottier est en position horizontale, il réduit le fléchissement du tube intérieur 2 sous l'effet de son propre poids et de celui de la carotte (figure 9). Ces éléments de stabilisation 67 constituent des paliers intermé- diaires à friction lisse prenant appui sur la paroi intérieure du tube extérieur 1. Les éléments de sta¬ bilisation 67 n'empêchent nullement le réglage de l'ecartement entre les extrémités inférieures du sabot conique 32 et de la couronne de sondage 3, puisqu'ils peuvent coulisser longitudmalement le long de la paroi intérieure de diamètre constant du tube extérieur 1.The inner tube comprises a set of stabilizing elements 67 distributed along the inner tube 2 between the latter and the outer tube 1. This set of stabilizing elements 67 makes it possible to center the inner tube 2 correctly. the outer tube 1 possibly also provided with stabilizing elements 35 and, when the corer is in a horizontal position, it reduces the deflection of the inner tube 2 under the effect of its own weight and that of the carrot (FIG. 9 ). These stabilizing elements 67 constitute intermediate bearings with smooth friction bearing on the inner wall of the outer tube 1. The stabilizing elements 67 in no way prevent the adjustment of the spacing between the lower ends of the conical shoe 32 and sounding ring 3, since they can slide longitudinally the along the inner wall of constant diameter of the outer tube 1.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, illustrée dans la figure 9, chaque jeu d'éléments de stabilisa¬ tion 67 porte une bague 28 en matériau autolubrifiant prenant appui contre la paroi intérieure du tube extérieur 1. Lors du réglage de l'ecartement du sabot conique 32 et de la couronne 3, la bague auto- lubrifiante 28 peut coulisser le long du tube exté¬ rieur 1.In a preferred embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 9, each set of stabilization elements 67 carries a ring 28 of self-lubricating material bearing against the inner wall of the outer tube 1. When adjusting the spacing of the shoe conical 32 and crown 3, the self-lubricating ring 28 can slide along the outside tube 1.
Les éléments de stabilisation 67 contribuent à maintenir la rectitude du tube intérieur 2, dont une extrémité peut être considérée comme étant encastrée, en rotation libre, dans le tube extérieur 1 au moyen du roulement à billes ou à aiguilles 11 formée d'un palier à roulements multiples à quatre points d'appui par exemple. Ces quatre points d'appuis contribuent à rendre rigide le tube intérieur 2 en empêchant son fléchissement.The stabilizing elements 67 contribute to maintaining the straightness of the inner tube 2, one end of which can be considered to be embedded, in free rotation, in the outer tube 1 by means of the ball or needle bearing 11 formed by a bearing multiple bearings with four support points for example. These four support points help to make the inner tube 2 rigid, preventing it from bending.
En prévenant tout excès de tension dans le roule¬ ment à billes ou à aiguilles, les éléments de stabi- lisation 67 réduisent les efforts de frottement dans le roulement 11 et éliminent les risques d'entraîne¬ ment en rotation du tube intérieur 2, laquelle rota¬ tion entraînerait la destruction de la carotte.By preventing any excess tension in the ball or needle roll, the stabilizing elements 67 reduce the friction forces in the bearing 11 and eliminate the risks of entrainment in rotation of the inner tube 2, which rotation would destroy the carrot.
La bague autolubrifiante a le même rôle. Elle prévient les efforts de torsion sur le tube intérieur 2.The self-lubricating ring has the same role. It prevents torsional forces on the inner tube 2.
La partie inférieure du tube intérieur 2, formée du sabot conique 32, est centrée dans la couronne de sondage 3 par des nervures de centrage 34 séparant les canaux d'écoulement 33 (figure 10).The lower part of the inner tube 2, formed by the conical shoe 32, is centered in the crown of sounding 3 by centering ribs 34 separating the flow channels 33 (FIG. 10).
Le sabot 32 est prolongé par une lèvre inférieure 14 guidant le liquide de forage longitudmalement par rapport à la couronne. La lèvre 14 est biseautée et évasée vers le bas de manière à faciliter l'intro¬ duction de la carotte dans le tube intérieur 2. La paroi latérale extérieure 39 du sabot conique 32 est recouverte d'un revêtement anti-friction destiné à empêcher la mise en rotation du tube intérieur 2 par la couronne 3. Les formes conjuguées de la paroi latérale extérieure du sabot conique 32 et de la face intérieure de la couronne 3 guident le liquide de forage parallèlement à l'axe de la carotte.The shoe 32 is extended by a lower lip 14 guiding the drilling liquid longitudinally relative to the crown. The lip 14 is bevelled and flared downwards so as to facilitate the introduction of the carrot into the inner tube 2. The outer lateral wall 39 of the conical shoe 32 is covered with an anti-friction coating intended to prevent the rotation of the inner tube 2 by the crown 3. The combined shapes of the outer side wall of the conical shoe 32 and the inner face of the crown 3 guide the drilling liquid parallel to the axis of the core.
Le ressort extracteur 8 (figure 10) est formé d'une bague fendue dont la face intérieure est recou¬ verte d'un revêtement agrippant 36. En fin de carot- tage, la bague se referme sur la carotte par effet de cône, en prenant appui sur le sabot conique 32 lorsqu' on retire le tube intérieur 2. Le dispositif d'extraction permet de casser la carotte et de rete¬ nir l'échantillon dans le tube intérieur pendant qu'on remonte le tube intérieur 2 à la surface du sol.The extractor spring 8 (FIG. 10) is formed of a split ring, the inner face of which is covered with a gripping coating 36. At the end of the coring, the ring closes on the carrot by cone effect, in bearing on the conical shoe 32 when the inner tube is removed 2. The extraction device makes it possible to break the carrot and to rete¬ nate the sample in the inner tube while the inner tube 2 is brought up to the surface of the ground.
Le carottier selon l'invention a le mérite de rendre possible la réalisation d'un sondage horizon- tal qui a l'avantage de permettre de déterminer cor¬ rectement l'étendue d'un gisement pétrolier constitué de nappes petrolifères de grande étendue mais de faible hauteur, là où un sondage vertical ne procure¬ rait que des résultats de prospection sommaires et nettement insuffisants pour donner une estimation correcte de la rentabilité de l'exploitation éven¬ tuelle d'un gisement.The corer according to the invention has the merit of making it possible to carry out a horizontal drilling which has the advantage of making it possible to correctly determine the extent of an oil deposit made up of large-scale oil slicks but of low height, where a vertical survey would only give summary survey results and clearly insufficient to give an estimate correct profitability of the eventual exploitation of a deposit.
Un sondage horizontal présente aussi l'avantage majeur d'accélérer l'extraction du pétrole et d'aug¬ menter le débit de pétrole pouvant accéder au tube d'extraction dans un gisement pétrolier horizontal puisqu'il permet de prélever, par un grand nombre d'orifices distincts répartis le long de la nappe pétrolifère, le pétrole brut que recèle la nappe. On améliore ainsi nettement la rentabilité de l'exploi¬ tation d'un gisement horizontal puisqu'on évite que le pétrole ne doive migrer sur des distances impor¬ tantes au travers de couches de terrain suffisamment perméables avant de parvenir au voisinage immédiat du tube d'extraction, comme cela pourrait être le cas dans un sondage vertical. A horizontal borehole also has the major advantage of speeding up the extraction of petroleum and increasing the flow of petroleum which can access the extraction tube in a horizontal petroleum deposit since it makes it possible to sample, by a large number distinct orifices distributed along the oil table, the crude oil which conceals the water table. This clearly improves the profitability of the exploitation of a horizontal deposit since it prevents the oil from having to migrate over significant distances through sufficiently permeable layers of land before reaching the immediate vicinity of the tube. extraction, as could be the case in a vertical survey.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Carottier double pour forage dévié comprenant, d'une part, un tube extérieur (1) rotatif portant une couronne de sondage (3), et d'autre part, un tube intérieur (2) non rotatif portant à une première extrémité, voisine de la couronne de sondage (3), un dispositif d'extraction (9) de carotte formé d'un ressort extracteur (8) et d'un sabot conique (32) tandis que l'autre extrémité est vissée sur une par¬ tie non rotative (12) d'un roulement à billes ou à aiguilles (11), fixée au tube extérieur (1), éven¬ tuellement de manière réglable le long de celui-ci, caractérisé en ce que :1. Double corer for deviated drilling comprising, on the one hand, a rotary external tube (1) carrying a sounding ring (3), and, on the other hand, an internal non-rotary tube (2) bearing at a first end, next to the sounding ring (3), a carrot extraction device (9) formed by an extractor spring (8) and a conical shoe (32) while the other end is screwed on a par¬ non-rotating tie (12) of a ball or needle bearing (11), fixed to the outer tube (1), evenly adjustable along the latter, characterized in that:
le roulement (11) reliant le tube intérieur (2) au tube extérieur (1) est constitué d'une série de bagues-paliers concentriques (7)alignées sur un même axe et retenant prisonnières des billes (68) et/ou des aiguilles (69) logées dans un boîtier étanche (21) rempli d'huile (22) ou de graisse;the bearing (11) connecting the inner tube (2) to the outer tube (1) consists of a series of concentric bearing rings (7) aligned on the same axis and holding captive balls (68) and / or needles (69) housed in a sealed housing (21) filled with oil (22) or grease;
le dispositif d'extraction (9) et la paroi inté¬ rieure (38) du tube intérieur (2) sont recouverts d'un revêtement anti-friction;the extraction device (9) and the inner wall (38) of the inner tube (2) are covered with an anti-friction coating;
- la paroi extérieure du tube intérieur (2) comporte un jeu d'éléments de stabilisation (67) répartis le long du tube extérieur (1) entre le tube exté¬ rieur (1) et le tube intérieur (2) ; le sabot conique (32) formant la partie infé¬ rieure du tube intérieur (2) est centré dans la couronne de sondage (3) par des nervures de cen¬ trage (34) séparant les canaux d'écoulement (33), le sabot étant muni d'une lèvre inférieure (14) biseautée et évasée vers l'extérieur de manière à faciliter l'introduction de la carotte dans le tube intérieur (2), et- The outer wall of the inner tube (2) comprises a set of stabilizing elements (67) distributed along the outer tube (1) between the outer tube (1) and the inner tube (2); the conical shoe (32) forming the lower part of the inner tube (2) is centered in the sounding ring (3) by centering ribs (34) separating the flow channels (33), the shoe being provided with a lower lip (14) bevelled and flared towards the outside so as to facilitate the introduction of the core into the inner tube (2), and
- un dispositif d'obturation (19) à bille apte à maintenir la bille (46) sur son siège (48) quelle que soit l'inclinaison du forage dévié.- a ball shutter (19) capable of holding the ball (46) on its seat (48) regardless of the inclination of the deflected borehole.
2. Carottier selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le jeu d'éléments de stabilisation (67) porte une bague (28) en matériau autolubrifiant appuyée contre le tube extérieur (1).2. Corer according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of stabilizing elements (67) carries a ring (28) of self-lubricating material pressed against the outer tube (1).
3. Carottier selon la revendication 1 ou 2 , caracté- risé en ce que le roulement (11) est un roulement multiple constitué de deux bagues-paliers (7) au moins alignées le long d'un même axe afin d'offrir plusieurs points d'encastrement qui rendent le tube intérieur (2) plus rigide.3. Corer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bearing (11) is a multiple bearing consisting of two bearing rings (7) at least aligned along the same axis in order to offer several points which make the inner tube (2) more rigid.
4. Carottier selon l'une quelconque des revendica¬ tions précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le disposi¬ tif d'extraction (9) est centré par rapport à la couronne de sondage (3) par un sabot conique (32) qui prend appui sur des nervures longitudinales (34) séparées l'une de l'autre par des canaux (33) d'écou¬ lement de liquide de forage. 4. Corer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extraction device (9) is centered relative to the sounding ring (3) by a conical shoe (32) which is supported on longitudinal ribs (34) separated from each other by channels (33) for flow of drilling liquid.
5. Carottier selon l'une quelconque des revendica¬ tions précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'obturation (19) à bille (46) est une corbeille (49) formée de doigts métalliques (50) retenus par le bord supérieur (51) de la corbeille (49) et recourbés vers l'intérieur, élastiquement déformables et capables de s'écarter sous la poussée de la bille (46) pour déterminer un orifice (52) plus large que la bille (46) et former une barrière pour la bille (46) lorsque les doigts (50) reviennent en position initiale.5. Core sampler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closure device (19) with ball (46) is a basket (49) formed of metal fingers (50) retained by the upper edge ( 51) of the basket (49) and bent inwards, elastically deformable and capable of deviating under the thrust of the ball (46) to determine an orifice (52) wider than the ball (46) and form a barrier for the ball (46) when the fingers (50) return to the initial position.
6. Carottier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un indicateur de blocage constitué d'un manchon (56) débouchant dans un interstice annulaire (58) prévu entre un tube distributeur (27) et une enveloppe déflectrice (59) montée sur le tube distri¬ buteur (27) et limitée par un rebord biaisé (60) coopérant avec une arête biaisée (61) d'une protubé¬ rance annulaire du manchon (56) pour délimiter une fente annulaire (62) de largeur variable, lors d'un coulissement du manchon (56) par rapport à l'envelop¬ pe déflectrice(59) . 6. Corer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a blocking indicator consisting of a sleeve (56) opening into an annular gap (58) provided between a distributor tube (27) and an envelope deflector (59) mounted on the distributor tube (27) and limited by a biased rim (60) cooperating with a biased edge (61) of an annular protuberance of the sleeve (56) to delimit an annular slot (62 ) of variable width, during sliding of the sleeve (56) relative to the deflecting envelope (59).
EP91909440A 1990-05-31 1991-05-30 Double-tube core drill for inclined drilling Expired - Lifetime EP0531336B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9000560A BE1004330A3 (en) 1990-05-31 1990-05-31 Dual core drilling devie.
BE9000560 1990-05-31
PCT/BE1991/000032 WO1991019075A2 (en) 1990-05-31 1991-05-30 Double-tube core drill for inclined drilling

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93116845.4 Division-Into 1993-10-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0531336A1 true EP0531336A1 (en) 1993-03-17
EP0531336B1 EP0531336B1 (en) 1994-07-20

Family

ID=3884811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91909440A Expired - Lifetime EP0531336B1 (en) 1990-05-31 1991-05-30 Double-tube core drill for inclined drilling

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0531336B1 (en)
BE (1) BE1004330A3 (en)
CA (1) CA2083827A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69103007T2 (en)
RU (1) RU2086749C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991019075A2 (en)

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CA2697912C (en) 2007-08-30 2015-06-30 Schlumberger Canada Limited Dual bha drilling system
GB2478455B (en) * 2008-10-31 2013-04-10 Schlumberger Holdings An integrated coring system
RU2515647C1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт горного дела им. Н.А. Чинакала Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук Method of well configuring
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69103007D1 (en) 1994-08-25
CA2083827A1 (en) 1991-12-01
WO1991019075A3 (en) 1992-01-09
WO1991019075A2 (en) 1991-12-12
EP0531336B1 (en) 1994-07-20
BE1004330A3 (en) 1992-11-03
RU2086749C1 (en) 1997-08-10
DE69103007T2 (en) 1995-03-09

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