EP0301935A1 - Highly sensitive electromagnetic tripping device and production thereof - Google Patents

Highly sensitive electromagnetic tripping device and production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0301935A1
EP0301935A1 EP88401806A EP88401806A EP0301935A1 EP 0301935 A1 EP0301935 A1 EP 0301935A1 EP 88401806 A EP88401806 A EP 88401806A EP 88401806 A EP88401806 A EP 88401806A EP 0301935 A1 EP0301935 A1 EP 0301935A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microns
nickel
pallet
less
protective
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EP88401806A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0301935B1 (en
Inventor
Marie-Sylvie Mermet
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/163—Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
    • H01H71/327—Manufacturing or calibrating methods, e.g. air gap treatments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a high sensitivity electromagnetic trip device, in particular for a differential protection switch, having a magnetic circuit, polarized by a permanent magnet and carrying a control coil, said magnetic circuit being in one iron nickel alloy and comprising a fixed frame and a movable pallet each having a polar surface coming into abutment in position of attraction of the pallet by the frame.
  • Triggers of the kind mentioned must be reliable and operate at thresholds independent of ambient conditions, in particular humid heat, which can cause corrosion between iron and nickel forming iron oxides and hydroxides which lead either to untimely triggering or to sticking of the pallet.
  • High sensitivity trip units are generally incorporated in personal protection switches or circuit breakers and any malfunction is intolerable.
  • Document FR-A-2412159 has disclosed a process for producing a high-sensitivity trigger, in which at least one of the pole surfaces is coated with a layer having a thickness of less than 1 micron producing a lubrication and avoiding any wear by friction. This layer coats the weak asperities which can no longer break, but it does not provide protection against corrosion. .
  • the present invention aims to allow the production of a high sensitivity trigger and correct operation in humid heat.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the pole surface of the armature and the pole surface of the pallet are subjected in the same way to a surface finishing in order to obtain a roughness coefficient Ra greater than or equal to 0.03 microns and less than 0.5 microns, Ra being the mean height of the profile above and below the mean line, to ensure punctual contact via the peaks between the two surfaces, and that said polar surfaces are coated with a protective layer against corrosion with a thickness of less than 1 micron.
  • the polar surface of the frame and that of the pallet receive the same finish, in this case a mechanical treatment, for example of polishing with suitable tools or abrasive materials, revealing a surface condition with a roughness 0.03 ⁇ Ra ⁇ 0.5 microns and thereafter a protective coating with a thickness close to or less than 1 micron, which retains the peaks and the profile at 0.03 ⁇ Ra ⁇ 0.5 microns.
  • the good behavior of the triggers according to the invention comes on the one hand from the point contacts between the two pole surfaces by means of the peaks of the surfaces (and not by means of zones) and, on the other hand by the protective coating which prevents any initiation or extension of local corrosion likely to occur at the points of contact of the two pole surfaces.
  • the weak air gap is preserved as well as high sensitivity.
  • the protective coating can be made of different materials and can be obtained in different ways. In all cases, it must be thin, homogeneous, non-porous, clean and adherent.
  • the polar surface is covered with a nickel oxide compound which can be obtained by electrolytic polishing, the latter leading to a nickel enrichment of the surface, which oxidizes in the presence of air, or by a physical or chemical deposition under vacuum of nickel, of a thickness less than or equal to 1 micron, which oxidizes in the same way.
  • a nickel oxide compound which can be obtained by electrolytic polishing, the latter leading to a nickel enrichment of the surface, which oxidizes in the presence of air, or by a physical or chemical deposition under vacuum of nickel, of a thickness less than or equal to 1 micron, which oxidizes in the same way.
  • the protective layer can be a nitride, in particular a titanium nitride, a carbide, a boride, amorphous carbon or a metal of groups IB, IVB, VIB and VIII of the periodic table of the elements, in particular chromium and titanium.
  • the deposition is carried out by standard physical or chemical processes under vacuum, which provide clean deposits of homogeneous and very thin thickness, advantageously between 0.2 and 0.9 microns. Chromium and titanium nitride are particularly suitable. According to the invention, the greatest of the elementary depths of roughness R max is less than 6 microns so as to avoid peaks that are too tapered and pointed, the sides of which are insufficiently protected and the coating of the tip of which is liable to crack.
  • the invention also relates to the high sensitivity trigger produced by the method described above.
  • an electromagnetic trip device comprises a magnetic frame 1 in the form of U, made of an iron nickel alloy and a permanent magnet 2 in the form of a parallelepiped bar, placed between the branches 3, 4 of the frame 1, one of the poles 5,6 of which is attached to the base 7 of the U of the frame 1.
  • a movable pallet 8 also made of an iron-nickel alloy, is placed opposite the pole ends 9, 10 of the armature 1 and of the pole 6 of the magnet 2 and is pivotally mounted around the edge 11 of the arm 3 of frame 1.
  • a return spring 12 biases the pallet 8 in the pivoted position for separating the frame 1, in which the pole surface 14 of the pallet 8 opposite the pole surface 10 of the frame 1 is separated from the latter.
  • Pallet 8 can take two positions of stable equilibrium. In one, shown in Figure 1, it is bonded by the pole surface 14, on the pole surface 10 of the armature 1, by the magnetic flux 13 generated by the permanent magnet 2. In the other position shown in FIG. 2, the pole surface 14 is moved away from the pole surface 10, by the force of the spring 12.
  • a coil 16 is wound on the branch 4 of the armature 1 to generate a magnetic flux 15 opposite to the flux 13 of the permanent magnet in the branch 4 when it is traversed by an electric current.
  • the pallet 8 takes off from the end 10 of the branch 4 under the action of the spring 12.
  • the polar surface 14 of the pallet 8 and the polar surface 10 of the frame 1 undergo the same treatment to obtain a surface having peaks 18 and valleys 19, the contact between the two surfaces 10,14 effected by the peaks 18 in the manner shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3.
  • the pole surface 9 of the armature and the associated pole surface of the pallet 8 advantageously undergo the same treatment.
  • the roughness coefficient Ra which is the average height of the profile above and below the average line, according to standard NF E05-015, is greater than or equal to 0.03 microns and less than 0.5 microns. This roughness is obtained during the mechanical polishing of the polar surfaces 10, 14 and it is perfectly defined and reproducible.
  • the polished surfaces 10,14 then receive a thin protective coating such as a layer of nickel oxide, nitride, carbide, boride, amorphous carbon or a metal of the groups IB, IVB, VIB or VIII, of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
  • the nickel oxide layer can result from a surface enrichment of nickel in the polar surface, for example by a deposit of small thickness, less than 1 micron of nickel. This nickel oxidizes to form a chemically stable nickel oxide.
  • Nickel enrichment can be obtained by electrolytic polishing which preferentially dissolves iron and leaves a surface with increased nickel content over a few atomic layers, which oxidizes in air.
  • the deposition of nickel or other protective materials is carried out by physical or chemical processes under vacuum (Physical Vapor Deposition or Chemical Vapor Deposition) well known to specialists and which it is unnecessary to describe.
  • the protective layer less than 1 micron thick is homogeneous and forms a barrier against corrosion. Good results have been obtained with a layer of titanium nitride or chromium, but the other aforementioned materials are also suitable. It is important that the two pole surfaces 10,14 are treated in the same way.
  • the thickness of the layer is between 0.2 and 0.9 microns and the maximum amplitude of the peaks R max is less than 6 microns.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the surface condition on an enlarged scale.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The pole surface 10 of the armature 1 and the pole surface 14 of the vane 8 of an electromagnetic tripping device are treated in the same way. The surface roughness Ra is greater than or equal to 0.03 microns and less than 0.5 microns and a corrosion protection layer with a thickness less than 1 micron covers the surface. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention est relative à un procédé de fabrication d'un déclencheur électromagnétique à haute sensibilité, notamment pour un interrupteur de protection différentielle, ayant un circuit magnétique, polarisé par un aimant permanent et portant une bobine de commande, ledit circuit magnétique étant en un alliage fer nickel et comprenant une armature fixe et une palette mobile ayant chacune une surface polaire venant en accolement en position d'attraction de la palette par l'armature.The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a high sensitivity electromagnetic trip device, in particular for a differential protection switch, having a magnetic circuit, polarized by a permanent magnet and carrying a control coil, said magnetic circuit being in one iron nickel alloy and comprising a fixed frame and a movable pallet each having a polar surface coming into abutment in position of attraction of the pallet by the frame.

Les déclencheurs du genre mentionné doivent être fiables et fonctionner à des seuils indépendants des conditions ambiantes, notamment d'une chaleur humide, qui peut être à l'origine d'une corrosion entre le fer et le nickel formant des oxydes et des hydroxydes de fer qui conduisent, soit au déclenchement intempestif, soit au collage de la palette. Les déclencheurs à haute sensibilité sont généralement incorporés à des interrupteurs ou disjoncteurs différentiels de protection des personnes et tout mauvais fonctionnement est intolérable.Triggers of the kind mentioned must be reliable and operate at thresholds independent of ambient conditions, in particular humid heat, which can cause corrosion between iron and nickel forming iron oxides and hydroxides which lead either to untimely triggering or to sticking of the pallet. High sensitivity trip units are generally incorporated in personal protection switches or circuit breakers and any malfunction is intolerable.

Il a déjà été proposé de revêtir les surfaces polaires d'une couche protectrice, notamment en matière synthétique ou en des métaux nobles, mais ces couches sont, soit trop épaisses et réduisent la sensibilité du déclencheur, soit trop minces et en présence d'humidité, un couple est crée soit entre le substrat et le revêtement, soit entre le fer et le nickel du substrat. On utilise généralement des surfaces polaires polies pour réduire au maximum l'entrefer entre les surfaces parfaitement lisses mais la tenue à la chaleur humide n'est pas améliorée, bien au contraire. Lorsque l'entrefer est faible, les surfaces polaires sont en contact à certains endroits par l'intermédiaire de surfaces ou zones. Ces zones sont mal aérées, aussi lorsque la vapeur d'eau se condense dans ces zones l'eau stagne et favorise la formation de corrosion. Cette corrosion se généralise sur toute la zone, entraînant le collage du relais.It has already been proposed to coat the polar surfaces with a protective layer, in particular of synthetic material or of noble metals, but these layers are either too thick and reduce the sensitivity of the trigger, or too thin and in the presence of moisture. , a couple is created either between the substrate and the coating, or between the iron and the nickel of the substrate. Polished polar surfaces are generally used to minimize the air gap between perfectly smooth surfaces, but the resistance to moist heat is not improved, on the contrary. When the air gap is small, the polar surfaces are in contact in certain places via surfaces or zones. These areas are poorly ventilated, also when the water vapor condenses in these areas the water stagnates and promotes the formation of corrosion. This corrosion spreads over the entire area, causing the relay to stick.

Le document FR-A-2412159 a fait connaître un procédé de réalisation d'un déclencheur à haute sensibilité, dans lequel au moins l'une des surfaces polaires est revêtue d'une couche d'une épaisseur inférieure à 1 micron produisant un effet de graissage et évitant toute usure par frottement. Cette couche enrobe les faibles aspérités qui ne peuvent plus se rompre, mais elle n'assure pas une protection contre la corrosion. .Document FR-A-2412159 has disclosed a process for producing a high-sensitivity trigger, in which at least one of the pole surfaces is coated with a layer having a thickness of less than 1 micron producing a lubrication and avoiding any wear by friction. This layer coats the weak asperities which can no longer break, but it does not provide protection against corrosion. .

La présente invention a pour but de permettre la réalisation d'un déclencheur à haute sensibilité et à fonctionnement correct en chaleur humide.The present invention aims to allow the production of a high sensitivity trigger and correct operation in humid heat.

Le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la surface polaire de l'armature et la surface polaire de la palette sont soumises de la même manière à une finition de surface pour obtenir un coefficient de rugosité Ra supérieur ou égal à 0,03 microns et inférieur à 0,5 microns, Ra étant la hauteur moyenne du profil au-dessus et au-dessous de la ligne moyenne, pour assurer un contact ponctuel par l'intermédiaire des pics entre les deux surfaces, et que lesdites surfaces polaires sont revêtues d'une couche protectrice contre la corrosion d'une épaisseur inférieure à 1 micron.The method according to the invention is characterized in that the pole surface of the armature and the pole surface of the pallet are subjected in the same way to a surface finishing in order to obtain a roughness coefficient Ra greater than or equal to 0.03 microns and less than 0.5 microns, Ra being the mean height of the profile above and below the mean line, to ensure punctual contact via the peaks between the two surfaces, and that said polar surfaces are coated with a protective layer against corrosion with a thickness of less than 1 micron.

La surface polaire de l'armature et celle de la palette recoivent la même finition, en l'occurrence un traitement mécanique, par exemple de polissage avec des outils ou matériaux abrasifs appropriés, faisant apparaître un état de surface d'une rugosité 0,03 ≦ Ra ≦ 0,5 microns et par la suite un revêtement protecteur d'une épaisseur voisine ou inférieure de 1 micron, qui conserve les pics et le profil à 0,03≦Ra ≦ 0,5 microns. La bonne tenue des déclencheurs selon l'invention provient d'une part des contacts ponctuels entre les deux surfaces polaires par l'intermédiaire des pics des surfaces (et non par l'intermédiaire de zones) et, d'autre part par le revêtement protecteur qui empêche toute initiation ou extension de la corrosion locale susceptible de se produire aux points de contacts des deux surfaces polaires. Le faible entrefer est conservé ainsi que la haute sensibilité.The polar surface of the frame and that of the pallet receive the same finish, in this case a mechanical treatment, for example of polishing with suitable tools or abrasive materials, revealing a surface condition with a roughness 0.03 ≦ Ra ≦ 0.5 microns and thereafter a protective coating with a thickness close to or less than 1 micron, which retains the peaks and the profile at 0.03 ≦ Ra ≦ 0.5 microns. The good behavior of the triggers according to the invention comes on the one hand from the point contacts between the two pole surfaces by means of the peaks of the surfaces (and not by means of zones) and, on the other hand by the protective coating which prevents any initiation or extension of local corrosion likely to occur at the points of contact of the two pole surfaces. The weak air gap is preserved as well as high sensitivity.

Le revêtement protecteur peut être en différents matériaux et être obtenu de différentes manières. Dans tous les cas, il doit être mince, homogène, non poreux, propre et adhérent.The protective coating can be made of different materials and can be obtained in different ways. In all cases, it must be thin, homogeneous, non-porous, clean and adherent.

Selon un premier mode de mise en oeuvre, la surface'polaire est recouverte d'un composé d'oxyde de nickel qui peut être obtenu par un polissage électrolytique, celui-ci conduisant à un enrichissement en nickel de la surface, laquelle s'oxyde en présence de l'air, ou par un dépôt physique ou chimique sous vide de nickel, d'une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 1 micron, qui s'oxyde de la même manière.According to a first embodiment, the polar surface is covered with a nickel oxide compound which can be obtained by electrolytic polishing, the latter leading to a nickel enrichment of the surface, which oxidizes in the presence of air, or by a physical or chemical deposition under vacuum of nickel, of a thickness less than or equal to 1 micron, which oxidizes in the same way.

La couche protectrice peut être un nitrure, notamment un nitrure de titane, un carbure, un borure, du carbone amorphe ou un métal des groupes IB, IVB, VIB et VIII de la classification périodique des éléments, notamment le chrome et le titane. Le dépôt est réalisé par les procédés standard physiques ou chimiques sous vide, qui fournissent des dépôts propres à épaisseur homogène et très mince, avantageusement comprise entre 0,2 et 0,9 microns. Le chrome et le nitrure de titane sont particulièrement appropriés. Selon l'invention la plus grande des profondeurs élémentaires de rugosité R max est inférieure à 6 microns de façon à éviter des pics trop effilés et pointus, dont les flancs seraient insuffisamment protégés et dont le revêtement de la pointe risque de se fissurer.The protective layer can be a nitride, in particular a titanium nitride, a carbide, a boride, amorphous carbon or a metal of groups IB, IVB, VIB and VIII of the periodic table of the elements, in particular chromium and titanium. The deposition is carried out by standard physical or chemical processes under vacuum, which provide clean deposits of homogeneous and very thin thickness, advantageously between 0.2 and 0.9 microns. Chromium and titanium nitride are particularly suitable. According to the invention, the greatest of the elementary depths of roughness R max is less than 6 microns so as to avoid peaks that are too tapered and pointed, the sides of which are insufficiently protected and the coating of the tip of which is liable to crack.

L'invention est également relative au déclencheur à haute sensibilité réalisé selon le procédé décrit ci-dessus.The invention also relates to the high sensitivity trigger produced by the method described above.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre, d'un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté au dessin annexé, dans lequels:

  • - les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues schématiques d'un déclencheur selon l'invention représenté respectivement en position d'attraction et en position de déclenchement,
  • - la figure 3 est une vue à échelle agrandie des surfaces polaires au contact.
  • - la figure 4 représente le profil d'une surface polaire,
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows, of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example and represented in the appended drawing, in which:
  • - Figures 1 and 2 are schematic views of a trigger according to the invention represented respectively in position of attraction and in position of release,
  • - Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the pole surfaces in contact.
  • FIG. 4 represents the profile of a polar surface,

L'invention est décrite par la suite comme étant appliquée à un déclencheur faisant l'objet du brevet français n° 2520164, mais il est clair qu'elle est applicable à des déclencheurs de structure différente, notamment du genre décrit dans le brevet français 2261614.The invention is described below as being applied to a trigger which is the subject of French patent n ° 2520164, but it is clear that it is applicable to triggers of different structure, in particular of the kind described in French patent 2261614 .

Sur les figures 1 et 2, un déclencheur électromagnétique comprend une armature magnétique 1 en forme d'U, faite d'un alliage fer nickel et un aimant permanent 2 en forme de barreau parallélépipèdique, placé entre les branches 3,4 de l'armature 1, dont l'un des pôles 5,6 est accolé à la base 7 du U de l'armature 1.In FIGS. 1 and 2, an electromagnetic trip device comprises a magnetic frame 1 in the form of U, made of an iron nickel alloy and a permanent magnet 2 in the form of a parallelepiped bar, placed between the branches 3, 4 of the frame 1, one of the poles 5,6 of which is attached to the base 7 of the U of the frame 1.

Une palette mobile 8, également en un alliage fer-nickel, est placée en regard des extrémités polaires 9,10 de l'armature 1 et du pôle 6 de l'aimant 2 et est montée à pivotement autour de l'arête 11 de la branche 3 de l'armature 1.A movable pallet 8, also made of an iron-nickel alloy, is placed opposite the pole ends 9, 10 of the armature 1 and of the pole 6 of the magnet 2 and is pivotally mounted around the edge 11 of the arm 3 of frame 1.

Un ressort de rappel 12 sollicite la palette 8 en position pivotée de séparation de l'armature 1, dans laquelle la surface polaire 14 de la palette 8 en regard de la surface polaire 10 de l'armature 1 est séparée de celle-ci. La palette 8 peut prendre deux positions d'équilibre stable. Dans l'une, représentée à la figure 1, elle est collée par la surface polaire 14, sur la surface polaire 10 de l'armature 1, par le flux magnétique 13 engendrée par l'aimant permanent 2. Dans l'autre position représentée à la figure 2, la surface polaire 14 est écartée de la surface polaire 10, par la force du ressort 12.A return spring 12 biases the pallet 8 in the pivoted position for separating the frame 1, in which the pole surface 14 of the pallet 8 opposite the pole surface 10 of the frame 1 is separated from the latter. Pallet 8 can take two positions of stable equilibrium. In one, shown in Figure 1, it is bonded by the pole surface 14, on the pole surface 10 of the armature 1, by the magnetic flux 13 generated by the permanent magnet 2. In the other position shown in FIG. 2, the pole surface 14 is moved away from the pole surface 10, by the force of the spring 12.

Une bobine 16 est enroulée sur la branche 4 de l'armature 1 pour engendrer un flux magnétique 15 opposé au flux 13 de l'aimant permanent dans la branche 4 lorsqu'elle est parcourue par un courant électrique. Lorsque le flux 13 de l'aimant 2 est réduit ou annulé par le flux 15 de la bobine 16, la palette 8 décolle de l'extrémité 10 de la branche 4 sous l'action du ressort 12.A coil 16 is wound on the branch 4 of the armature 1 to generate a magnetic flux 15 opposite to the flux 13 of the permanent magnet in the branch 4 when it is traversed by an electric current. When the flux 13 of the magnet 2 is reduced or canceled by the flux 15 of the coil 16, the pallet 8 takes off from the end 10 of the branch 4 under the action of the spring 12.

Un tel déclencheur et son fonctionnement sont bien connus par l'homme de métier.Such a trigger and its operation are well known to those skilled in the art.

Selon la présente invention, la surface polaire 14 de la palette 8 et la surface polaire 10 de l'armature 1, subissent le même traitement pour obtenir une surface ayant des pics 18 et des vallées 19, le contact entre les deux surfaces 10,14 s'effectuant par les pics 18 de la manière schématiquement représentée à la figure 3. La surface polaire 9 de l'armature et la surface polaire associée de la palette 8 subissent avantageusement le même traitement. Le coefficient de rugosité Ra, qui est la hauteur moyenne du profil au-dessus et au-dessous de la ligne moyenne, selon la norme NF E05-015, est supérieur ou égal à 0,03 microns et inférieur à 0,5 microns. Cette rugosité est obtenue lors du polissage mécanique des surfaces polaires 10,14 et elle est parfaitement définie et reproductible. Les surfaces polies 10,14 reçoivent ensuite un revêtement protecteur de faible épaisseur tel qu'une couche d'oxyde de nickel, d'un nitrure, d'un carbure, d'un borure, de carbone amorphe ou d'un métal des groupes IB, IVB, VIB ou VIII , de la classification périodique des éléments. La couche d'oxyde de nickel peut résulter d'un enrichissement superficiel en nickel de la surface polaire, par exemple par un dépôt de faible épaisseur, inférieure à 1 micron de nickel. Ce nickel s'oxyde pour former un oxyde de nickel chimiquement stable. L'enrichissement en nickel peut être obtenu par un polissage électrolytique qui dissout préférentiellement le fer et laisse subsister une surface à teneur de nickel accrue sur quelques couches atomiques, qui s'oxyde à l'air.According to the present invention, the polar surface 14 of the pallet 8 and the polar surface 10 of the frame 1, undergo the same treatment to obtain a surface having peaks 18 and valleys 19, the contact between the two surfaces 10,14 effected by the peaks 18 in the manner shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3. The pole surface 9 of the armature and the associated pole surface of the pallet 8 advantageously undergo the same treatment. The roughness coefficient Ra, which is the average height of the profile above and below the average line, according to standard NF E05-015, is greater than or equal to 0.03 microns and less than 0.5 microns. This roughness is obtained during the mechanical polishing of the polar surfaces 10, 14 and it is perfectly defined and reproducible. The polished surfaces 10,14 then receive a thin protective coating such as a layer of nickel oxide, nitride, carbide, boride, amorphous carbon or a metal of the groups IB, IVB, VIB or VIII, of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The nickel oxide layer can result from a surface enrichment of nickel in the polar surface, for example by a deposit of small thickness, less than 1 micron of nickel. This nickel oxidizes to form a chemically stable nickel oxide. Nickel enrichment can be obtained by electrolytic polishing which preferentially dissolves iron and leaves a surface with increased nickel content over a few atomic layers, which oxidizes in air.

Le dépôt du nickel ou des autres matériaux protecteurs est effectué par des procédés physiques ou chimiques sous vide (Physical Vapor Déposition ou Chemical Vapor Déposition) bien connus des spécialistes et qu'il est inutile de décrire. La couche protectrice d'une épaisseur inférieure à 1 micron est homogène et elle forme une barrière contre la corrosion. De bons résultats ont été obtenus avec une couche de nitrure de titane ou de chrome mais les autres matériaux précités conviennent également. Il est important que les deux surfaces polaires 10,14 soient traîtées de la même manière. Dans le cas d'un dépôt sous vide, l'épaisseur de la couche est comprise entre 0,2 et 0,9 microns et l'amplitude maximale des pics R max est inférieure à 6 microns. La figure 4 illustre l'état de surface à échelle agrandie.The deposition of nickel or other protective materials is carried out by physical or chemical processes under vacuum (Physical Vapor Deposition or Chemical Vapor Deposition) well known to specialists and which it is unnecessary to describe. The protective layer less than 1 micron thick is homogeneous and forms a barrier against corrosion. Good results have been obtained with a layer of titanium nitride or chromium, but the other aforementioned materials are also suitable. It is important that the two pole surfaces 10,14 are treated in the same way. In the case of a vacuum deposition, the thickness of the layer is between 0.2 and 0.9 microns and the maximum amplitude of the peaks R max is less than 6 microns. Figure 4 illustrates the surface condition on an enlarged scale.

Claims (10)

1. Procédé de fabrication d'un déclencheur électromagnétique à haute sensibilité, notamment pour un interrupteur de protection différentielle, ayant un circuit magnétique, polarisé par un aimant permanent (2) et portant une bobine de commande (16), ledit circuit magnétique étant en un alliage fer-nickel et comprenant une armature fixe (1) et une palette mobile (8), ayant chacune une surface polaire (10,14) venant en accolement en position d'attraction de la palette par l'armature, caractérisé en ce que la surface polaire (10) de l'armature (1) et la surface polaire (14) de la palette (8) sont soumises de la même manière à une finition de surface pour obtenir un coefficient de rugosité Ra supérieur ou égal à 0,03 microns, et inférieur à 0,5 microns, Ra étant la hauteur moyenne du profil au-dessus et au-dessous de la ligne moyenne, pour assurer un contact ponctuel par l'intermédiaire des pics (18) entre les deux surfaces, et que lesdites surfaces polaires (10,14) sont revêtues d'une couche protectrice contre la corrosion d'une épaisseur inférieure à 1 micron.1. Method for manufacturing a high sensitivity electromagnetic trip device, in particular for a differential protection switch, having a magnetic circuit, polarized by a permanent magnet (2) and carrying a control coil (16), said magnetic circuit being an iron-nickel alloy and comprising a fixed armature (1) and a movable pallet (8), each having a pole surface (10,14) coming into abutment in the position of attraction of the pallet by the armature, characterized in that that the pole surface (10) of the frame (1) and the pole surface (14) of the pallet (8) are subjected in the same way to a surface finish to obtain a roughness coefficient Ra greater than or equal to 0 , 03 microns, and less than 0.5 microns, Ra being the average height of the profile above and below the average line, to ensure punctual contact via the peaks (18) between the two surfaces, and that said polar surfaces (10,14) are coated with a layer protective against corrosion with a thickness of less than 1 micron. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite finition de surface est un polissage mécanique des surfaces polaires (10,14).2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said surface finish is a mechanical polishing of the polar surfaces (10,14). 3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement par couche protectrice est obtenu par polissage électrolytique des surfaces polaires conduisant à un enrichissement en nickel des surfaces, ledit nickel s'oxydant pour former une couche protectrice d'oxyde de nickel, et que le coefficient de rugosité est supérieur ou égal à 0,15 microns et inférieur à 0,5 microns.3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the protective layer coating is obtained by electrolytic polishing of the polar surfaces leading to a nickel enrichment of the surfaces, said nickel oxidizing to form a protective oxide layer. nickel, and that the roughness coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.15 microns and less than 0.5 microns. 4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche protectrice d'oxyde de nickel est obtenue par un dépôt sous vide de nickel.4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the protective layer of nickel oxide is obtained by vacuum deposition of nickel. 5. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche protectrice d'une épaisseur comprise entre 0,2 et 0,9 microns est constituée par un nitrure, un carbure, un borure, du carbone amorphe ou un métal des groupes IB, IVB, VIB et VIII de la classification périodique des éléments, et est déposée par voie physique ou chimique sous vide, la plus grande des profondeurs élémentaires de rugosité étant inférieure à 6 microns.5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the protective layer with a thickness of between 0.2 and 0.9 microns consists of a nitride, a carbide, a boride, amorphous carbon or a metal of the groups IB, IVB, VIB and VIII of the periodic table, and is deposited by physical or chemical means under vacuum, the greatest of the elementary roughness depths being less than 6 microns. 6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la couche protectrice est du nitrure de titane ou du chrome.6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the protective layer is titanium nitride or chromium. 7. Déclencheur électromagnétique à haute sensibilité, notamment pour un interrupteur de protection différentielle, ayant un circuit magnétique, polarisé par un aimant permanent (2) et portant une bobine de commande (16), ledit circuit magnétique étant en un alliage fer-nickel et comprenant une armature fixe (1) et une palette mobile (8), ayant chacune une surface polaire (10,14) venant en accolement en position d'attraction de la palette par l'armature, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces polaires (10,14) de l'armature (1) et de la palette (8), traitées de la même manière, présentent un coefficient de rugosité Ra supérieur ou égal à 0,03 microns et inférieur à 0,5 microns et comportent un revêtement protecteur contre la corrosion d'une épaisseur inférieure à 1 micron.7. High sensitivity electromagnetic trip device, in particular for a differential protection switch, having a magnetic circuit, polarized by a permanent magnet (2) and carrying a control coil (16), said magnetic circuit being made of an iron-nickel alloy and comprising a fixed frame (1) and a movable pallet (8), each having a pole surface (10,14) coming into abutment in the position of attraction of the pallet by the frame, characterized in that the pole surfaces (10 , 14) of the frame (1) and the pallet (8), treated in the same way, have a roughness coefficient Ra greater than or equal to 0.03 microns and less than 0.5 microns and have a protective coating against corrosion with a thickness of less than 1 micron. 8. Déclencheur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement protecteur est une couche d'oxyde de nickel obtenue par polissage électrolytique.8. Trigger according to claim 7, characterized in that the protective coating is a layer of nickel oxide obtained by electrolytic polishing. 9. Déclencheur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement protecteur est un nitrure, carbure, borure, carbone amorphe ou métal des groupes IB, IVB, VIB et VIII de la classification périodique des éléments, déposé sous vide.9. Trigger according to claim 7, characterized in that the protective coating is a nitride, carbide, boride, amorphous carbon or metal of groups IB, IVB, VIB and VIII of the periodic table of the elements, deposited under vacuum. 10. Déclencheur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement protecteur est du nitrure de titane ou du chrome d'une épaisseur comprise entre 0,2 et 0,9 microns.10. Trigger according to claim 9, characterized in that the protective coating is titanium nitride or chromium with a thickness between 0.2 and 0.9 microns.
EP19880401806 1987-07-28 1988-07-11 Highly sensitive electromagnetic tripping device and production thereof Expired - Lifetime EP0301935B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710720A FR2618941B1 (en) 1987-07-28 1987-07-28 HIGH SENSITIVITY ELECTROMAGNETIC TRIGGER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
FR8710720 1987-07-28

Publications (2)

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EP0301935A1 true EP0301935A1 (en) 1989-02-01
EP0301935B1 EP0301935B1 (en) 1993-06-30

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EP19880401806 Expired - Lifetime EP0301935B1 (en) 1987-07-28 1988-07-11 Highly sensitive electromagnetic tripping device and production thereof

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EP (1) EP0301935B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2888838B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1022002C (en)
DE (1) DE3882099T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2043867T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2618941B1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0517049A1 (en) * 1991-06-03 1992-12-09 ABBPATENT GmbH Leakage current release with permanent magnet
FR2697670A1 (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-05-06 Merlin Gerin Non-polarised differential relay constituting mechanical actuator for triggering circuit breaker or differential relay - has magnetic circuit formed by ferromagnetic cylinder and movable contact bridge piece disposed parallel to transverse base piece
FR2754933A1 (en) * 1996-10-23 1998-04-24 Schneider Electric Sa ELECTROMAGNETIC TRIGGER RELAY WITH AMORPHOUS CARBON COATING, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
EP1345246A2 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-09-17 ABB PATENT GmbH Trip device for a ground fault circuit breaker and method of production
WO2007095715A2 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 TINOCO SOARES Jr. José Carlos Electric switch
WO2010103219A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Hager-Electro Sas Electromagnetic actuator with flux bypass
FR2988216A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2013-09-20 Hager Electro Sas ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH CONTROLLED IMPEDANCE

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE10222552A1 (en) * 2000-11-23 2003-11-27 Abb Patent Gmbh Electrical trip switch mechanism comprises permanent magnets set into a coil former that respond to overload or short circuit current
DE102012102431B4 (en) * 2012-03-21 2019-11-07 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Circuit breaker
DE102012009665B4 (en) * 2012-05-12 2022-04-07 Doepke Schaltgeräte GmbH Electrical release relay for a switch, in particular for a circuit breaker for monitoring electrical networks
FR3020895B1 (en) * 2014-05-09 2016-06-24 Aperam METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MAGNETIC PIECES OF A DIFFERENTIAL RELAY COMPRISING SURFACE TREATMENT BY MICROBILING
CN113793785A (en) * 2021-09-17 2021-12-14 乐清拓优电气有限公司 Tripping device of residual current circuit breaker

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FR1400286A (en) * 1964-07-07 1965-05-21 Siemens Ag Retaining solenoid acting as a release in electrical devices
FR2261614A1 (en) * 1974-02-14 1975-09-12 Gardy Ste Francaise High sensitivity mechanical relay or contact breaker - for use in differential switching circuits
DE2541392A1 (en) * 1975-09-17 1977-03-24 Philips Patentverwaltung Electromagnet with armature between two separate pole shoes - using electroless plated armature and shoe surfaces magnetically separated by spacer ring
FR2412159A1 (en) * 1977-12-14 1979-07-13 Schutzapparate Paris & Co PROCESS FOR REALIZING A HIGH SENSITIVITY TRIGGER AND STABILIZING IT, AND PREFERRED TRIGGER WITH A MAINTAINING MAGNET

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0517049A1 (en) * 1991-06-03 1992-12-09 ABBPATENT GmbH Leakage current release with permanent magnet
FR2697670A1 (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-05-06 Merlin Gerin Non-polarised differential relay constituting mechanical actuator for triggering circuit breaker or differential relay - has magnetic circuit formed by ferromagnetic cylinder and movable contact bridge piece disposed parallel to transverse base piece
FR2754933A1 (en) * 1996-10-23 1998-04-24 Schneider Electric Sa ELECTROMAGNETIC TRIGGER RELAY WITH AMORPHOUS CARBON COATING, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
EP0838830A1 (en) * 1996-10-23 1998-04-29 Schneider Electric Sa Electromagnetic trip with amorphous carbon film and his method of manufacturing
EP1345246A2 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-09-17 ABB PATENT GmbH Trip device for a ground fault circuit breaker and method of production
EP1345246A3 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-10-15 ABB PATENT GmbH Trip device for a ground fault circuit breaker and method of production
WO2007095715A2 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 TINOCO SOARES Jr. José Carlos Electric switch
WO2007095715A3 (en) * 2006-02-24 2009-06-11 Tinoco Soares Jr Jose Carlos Electric switch
WO2010103219A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Hager-Electro Sas Electromagnetic actuator with flux bypass
FR2943171A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-17 Hager Electro Sas ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH FLOW DERIVATION
FR2988216A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2013-09-20 Hager Electro Sas ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH CONTROLLED IMPEDANCE
WO2013136019A3 (en) * 2012-03-16 2013-12-19 Hager-Electro Sas Electromagnetic actuator having controlled impedance
AU2013234192B2 (en) * 2012-03-16 2015-10-08 Hager-Electro Sas Electromagnetic actuator having controlled impedance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2618941A1 (en) 1989-02-03
CN1022002C (en) 1993-09-01
EP0301935B1 (en) 1993-06-30
JP2888838B2 (en) 1999-05-10
FR2618941B1 (en) 1995-01-06
JPH01117225A (en) 1989-05-10
ES2043867T3 (en) 1994-01-01
DE3882099D1 (en) 1993-08-05
DE3882099T2 (en) 1994-01-05
CN1031000A (en) 1989-02-08

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