CN215213592U - Drainage system for tunnel passing through karst cave - Google Patents

Abstract

A drainage system for a tunnel passing through a karst cave belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction. The method comprises the following steps: the tunnel main body water-proof and drainage system (1), the karst cave water-leading and drainage system (2), the inverted arch water-drainage system (3) and the support system (4). The drainage problem of underground water around the tunnel is solved, the underground water reasonably passes through the karst cave, lining cracking caused by water pressure increase is effectively prevented, the tunnel construction quality is effectively improved, the whole structure is stable, and better economic benefit is obtained.

Description

Drainage system for tunnel passing through karst cave

The technical field is as follows:

the utility model belongs to the technical field of the tunnel engineering construction, in particular to tunnel passes through drainage system of solution cavity.

Background art:

the geological condition of the area where the tunnel is located is complex, an independent path-supplementing drainage system is formed in underground water in the tunnel body section, and an underground karst form with a certain scale is often formed under the geological background. In the process of tunnel excavation, the probability of encountering a large karst cave is very high, and the possibility of water burst and sand gushing during tunnel construction is very high, so that a drainage method for the tunnel to pass through the karst cave needs to be designed and established in advance, and construction accidents are avoided. Because the karst cave is usually a groundwater channel, the problem of groundwater drainage around the tunnel needs to be solved during operation, and how to reasonably pass through the karst cave is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the construction of the tunnel engineering at present. At present, drainage water of a tunnel passing through a karst cave permeates through primary support, is then drained into a central ditch of a tunnel structure body through a drainage pipe, and is finally drained out of the cave. But because the peripheral rich water, especially in rainy season, lead to the tunnel lining major structure to bear the scope of hydrostatic pressure or running water pressure all great, and current drainage pipe displacement is limited, and easy stifled unable in time of leading to the drainage and lead to water pressure to rise sharply, make the lining fracture destroy easily, make the tunnel have great potential safety hazard, increase the maintenance dynamics and the cost in tunnel simultaneously, thereby can't prevent the later stage cavern under the effect of groundwater to continue to develop and influence the later stage operation safety in tunnel and increase the inhomogeneous stress effect of tunnel structure. Therefore, the drainage of the tunnel through the karst cave is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the tunnel engineering at present.

The utility model has the following contents:

the utility model provides a tunnel passes through drainage method of solution cavity, aim at overcome the above-mentioned not enough that exists among the prior art, solve the drainage problem of the peripheral groundwater in tunnel, the reasonable solution cavity that passes through has effectually prevented because water pressure increases the lining cutting fracture that leads to, effectively improves tunnel construction quality and overall structure stability, gains better economic benefits.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a technical scheme does: a drainage system for tunnel-through karst caves comprising: the tunnel main body waterproof and drainage system 1, the karst cave drainage system 2, the inverted arch drainage system 3 and the support system 4.

The tunnel main body water-proof and drainage system 1 comprises a primary support 1.1, a waterproof plate 1.2, an annular drainage pipe 1.3, a secondary lining 1.4, a longitudinal drainage pipe 1.5, a longitudinal drainage ditch 1.6, a transverse drainage pipe 1.7 and a central drainage ditch 1.8; the tunnel comprises a tunnel upper main body, a primary support 1.1, a circumferential drainage pipe 1.3, a waterproof board 1.2 and a secondary lining 1.4 which are sequentially arranged from the lower surface of the tunnel upper main body downwards, wherein the primary support 1.1, the circumferential drainage pipe 1.3, the waterproof board 1.2 and the secondary lining 1.4 are all arch structures the same as the tunnel upper main body; two ends of the annular drain pipe 1.3 are respectively provided with a transverse drain pipe 1.7 connected with a longitudinal drain 1.6; the length direction of the longitudinal drainage ditch 1.6 is along the length direction of the tunnel; the longitudinal drainage ditch 1.6 is communicated with the central drainage ditch 1.8, the central drainage ditch 1.8 is positioned in the central position of the tunnel, the length direction of the central drainage ditch 1.8 is along the length direction of the tunnel, and the position of the central drainage ditch 1.8 is lower than that of the longitudinal drainage ditch 1.6;

the karst cave drainage system 2 comprises a karst cave 2.1, a diversion tunnel 2.2, grouted rubble 2.3, concrete 2.4, a waterproof layer 2.5, a first drop chute 2.6 and a second drop chute 2.7; the supporting structure 4 comprises an anchor rod mechanism 4.1, a reinforcing mesh 4.2 and a concrete supporting layer 4.3; in the karst cave passed through by the tunnel, according to the direction of the water flow of the karst cave, an inlet of a diversion tunnel 2.2 is arranged at the upstream of the tunnel, an outlet of the diversion tunnel 2.2 is arranged at the downstream of the tunnel, and the water in the karst cave is introduced into the downstream of the tunnel from the upstream of the tunnel through the diversion tunnel 2.2; a first drop chute 2.6 is arranged on the bottom surface of the karst cave 2.1 arranged at the upstream of the inlet of the diversion tunnel 2.2, and a second drop chute 2.7 is arranged at the bottom of the diversion tunnel 2.2 where the water flow turns; the outer side surface of the diversion tunnel 2.2 is provided with a waterproof layer 2.5, and the diversion tunnel 2.2 bypasses the tunnel; at the junction of the tunnel and the karst cave, the external surface of the tunnel is filled with grouted rubble 2.3, so that the grouted rubble 2.3 fills the karst cave part of the junction section of the tunnel and the karst cave, and the grouted rubble 2.3 completely intercepts water flow in the karst cave 2.1 in the junction section of the tunnel and the karst cave; concrete 2.4 is respectively arranged at two ends of the grout rubble 2.3 in the karst cave 2.1; the inner surface of the karst cave 2.1 corresponding to the grouted rubble 2.3 is provided with a reinforcing mesh 4.2 and a concrete supporting layer 4.3 in sequence outwards, and a plurality of anchor rod mechanisms 4.1 are arranged to be anchored in surrounding rocks at the karst cave;

the inverted arch drainage structure 3 comprises an inverted arch filling layer 3.1, an inverted arch 3.2, a circumferential drainage pipe 3.3, a vertical water conduit 3.4 and a transverse drainage pipe 3.5; the inverted arch 3.2 is of a reinforced concrete structure and is divided into an inverted arch primary support and an inverted arch secondary lining, wherein the inverted arch primary support is arranged at the lower part, and the inverted arch secondary lining is arranged at the upper part; the inverted arch filling layer 3.1 is positioned on the inverted arch for secondary lining; an inverted arch secondary lining of an inverted arch 3.2 adopts a reinforced concrete structure and a secondary lining structure 1.4 to form a whole of the tunnel; a plurality of transverse drain pipes 3.5 are arranged below the inverted arch filling layer 3.1, one end of each transverse drain pipe 3.5 is connected with a central drainage ditch 1.8, the other end of each transverse drain pipe is blocked, and the transverse drain pipes 3.5 are arranged on two sides of the central drainage ditch 1.8; the transverse drain pipe 3.5 is provided with a plurality of downward vertical water diversion pipes 3.4 along the length direction, and the lower ends of the vertical water diversion pipes 3.4 are communicated with the annular drain pipe 3.3; the annular drainage pipe 3.3 is arranged at the outer side below the primary support of the inverted arch and is in an arch shape bent downwards.

The tunnel main body drainage structure 1 is used for discharging tunnel seepage water and drainage of a karst cave, protecting the main body structure of the tunnel and preventing water seepage diseases.

The primary support 1.1 is a structural layer used for controlling the stress of surrounding rocks to be properly released and deformed, increasing the structural safety and facilitating construction, the primary support 1.1 adopts a support form of sprayed concrete, and geotechnical cloth is smoothly fixed on the surface of the primary support 1.1 through a nail.

The flashing 1.2 is intended to prevent water from penetrating and eroding the tunnel structure.

The annular drainage pipe 1.3 is used for discharging seepage water of the primary support 1.1, the annular drainage pipe 1.3 is arranged between the primary support 1.1 and the waterproof board 1.2 and is close to the primary support layer, and a seepage port is arranged on the annular drainage pipe 1.3. The geotextile is used for effectively preventing soil particles from passing through while water seepage passes through, and the seepage water is concentrated and discharged along the plane of the material.

The secondary lining 1.4 is used for protecting the stability of the surrounding rock, preventing the surrounding rock from deforming and collapsing and ensuring the safety of tunnel operation.

The longitudinal drainage pipe 1.5 is used for draining and seeping water, is arranged on the surface of the primary support 1.1 layer of the tunnel and is connected with the annular drainage pipe 1.3.

The longitudinal drainage ditch 1.6 is used for draining seepage water passing through the longitudinal drainage pipe 1.5, the annular drainage pipe 1.3 and the transverse drainage pipe 1.7 out of the tunnel, and the longitudinal drainage ditch 1.6 is arranged at two sides of the tunnel and connected with the transverse drainage pipe 1.7 and the central drainage ditch 1.8.

The transverse drains 1.7 are used to drain the seepage water in the circumferential drains 1.3 and the longitudinal drains 1.5 into the central drain 1.8, the transverse drains 1.7 are arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, i.e. above the interface of the tunnel lining and the inverted arch, and the transverse drains 1.7 are in communication with the circumferential drains 1.3 and with the longitudinal drains 1.6.

Center escape canal 1.8 is used for permeating water the discharge tunnel with the tunnel, shares the pressure of vertical escape canal 1.6 drainage, in case vertical escape canal 1.6's end is blockked up the back by silt, can also make the infiltration discharge to center escape canal through the lateral drainage ditch, guarantees that the tunnel drainage is smooth, and center escape canal 1.8 is connected through lateral drainage pipe 1.7 with vertical escape canal 1.6, sets up in tunnel center bottom.

The system discharges the tunnel water seepage through the closed system, and ensures the water seepage and the discharge of the tunnel.

The karst cave drainage system 2 comprises seven parts, namely a 2.1 karst cave, a 2.2 diversion cave, 2.3 rubble, 2.4 concrete, a 2.5 waterproof layer, a 2.6 drop tank and a 2.7 drop tank.

The karst cave 2.1 is a result of long-term corrosion of underground water in limestone areas, and can affect the stability and mechanical distribution conditions of surrounding rocks and the engineering construction quality of tunnels.

The two openings of the diversion tunnel 2.2 are respectively connected with the karst cave 2.1, the diversion tunnel 2.2 is used for reducing the water flow in the karst cave 2.1 to the height below the tunnel bottom, then the water flow is drained from one end of the opening to the other end, the water in the karst cave is drained, the direction of the water flow in the karst cave can not be changed, and the whole structure of the tunnel can not be influenced.

The grout rubble 2.3 is used for carrying out the shutoff to the crossing part of solution cavity 2.1 and tunnel, guarantees that solution cavity rivers can not cause the influence and prevent that solution cavity upper portion from collapsing and causing the destruction to the tunnel.

Concrete 2.4 sets up at grout rubble 2.3 filling layer both ends, has the stability of guaranteeing to grout rubble and blocks the effect of rivers.

The waterproof layer 2.5 is arranged on two sides of the diversion tunnel 2.2, and the tunnel bottom structure can be effectively prevented from being corroded by water seepage.

The first drop chute 2.6 is used for buffering the water flow of the karst cave, prevents the tunnel main body structure and the diversion tunnel from causing huge impact and damage, and is arranged at a proper position away from the inlet of the diversion tunnel 2.2.

The second water drop groove 2.7 is used for filtering water flow in the karst cave 2.1, large broken stones carried by the water flow in the karst cave 2.1 are deposited on the second water drop groove 2.7, and small-particle sediment is discharged out of the water drop groove 2.2 along with the water flow, so that the underground water flow is guaranteed to be smooth.

The karst cave drainage system 2 can drain water flow in the karst cave, the water flow direction of the karst cave is not changed, when the tunnel passes through the karst cave, the situation that the water pressure is sharply increased to cause cracking and damage of the lining due to the fact that a tunnel drainage pipe is blocked and cannot be drained in time is avoided, the maintenance strength and cost of the tunnel are reduced, and the safety of the tunnel is guaranteed.

The inverted arch filling layer 3.1 is used for transmitting the upper load to the lower inverted arch 3.2, and further transmitting the formation pressure at the upper part of the tunnel to the underground through the inverted arch 3.2; and an inverted arch filling layer 3.1 is arranged above an inverted arch 3.2 secondary lining of the tunnel, and after the inverted arch secondary lining concrete is finally set, an end mould is erected on the inverted arch concrete for pouring inverted arch filling concrete.

The inverted arch 3.2 is used for improving the stress condition of an upper supporting structure, transmitting the upper load to the underground and ensuring the stability of the tunnel structure; the inverted arch 3.2 adopts a reinforced concrete structure and a secondary lining structure 1.5 to form the whole body of the tunnel.

The hoop drain pipe 3.3 is used for leading and draining the underground water at the bottom of the tunnel, and the hoop drain pipe 3.3 is arranged outside the tunnel invert primary support, adopts a double-wall perforated corrugated pipe and is wrapped with non-woven fabrics, blocks the silt carried in the underground water outside the pipe through the non-woven fabrics, achieves the effect of filtering the underground water, and reduces the maintenance workload of a drainage system.

The vertical water guide pipes 3.4 are used for guiding and discharging underground water in the annular water discharge pipes 3.3 to the transverse water discharge pipes 3.5 arranged in the inverted arch filling layer 3.1, the vertical water guide pipes 3.4 are transversely arranged at intervals along the tunnel, and the vertical direction is connected with the annular water discharge pipes 3.3.

The horizontal drainage pipe 3.5 is used for draining groundwater in the vertical water conduit to the central drainage ditch 1.8 discharge tunnel, and the horizontal drainage pipe 3.5 is arranged in the inverted arch filling layer, one end shutoff, and one end is connected with the central drainage ditch 1.8, still is connected with vertical drainage pipe 3.4 for inverted arch drainage system becomes a whole.

The system can discharge underground water permeating from the lower part of the tunnel, reduce the water pressure of the lower part structure of the tunnel and ensure the stability of the tunnel.

The anchor rod mechanism 4.1 is arranged in surrounding rocks at the karst cave, a stable rock zone is formed by surrounding the karst cave by changing the mechanical state of the karst cave wall, the stability of the karst cave is ensured, and the anchor rod mechanism 4.1 adopts mortar anchor rods and forms a whole with the karst cave wall according to quincuncial arrangement.

The mesh reinforcement 4.2 has the function of connecting the anchor rods 4.1, is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the anchor rod mechanism 4.1, and is provided with multiple layers along the axis of the anchor rod.

The concrete support layer 4.3 is used for fixing and protecting the four walls of the karst cave, and effectively avoids the collapse of the karst cave walls.

The system effectively prevents the damage of the falling rocks of the tunnel karst cave to the tunnel construction period and the operation period, and is favorable for the stability of the karst cave structure.

The circumferential direction refers to the circumferential direction.

The utility model provides a drainage method has following beneficial effect:

the utility model discloses drainage method is simple, and construction convenience, reasonable passing through the solution cavity guarantees the tunnel and passes through the drainage when solution cavity, effectively alleviates the solution cavity infiltration and to the influence in tunnel, has effectively prevented the lining cutting fracture, has reduced the jam in tunnel drainage pore, has increased tunnel structure's security.

The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the foregoing.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic overview of a drainage system as a tunnel traverses a cavern;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tunnel body drainage system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of drainage water from a karst cave;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an inverted arch drainage system;

the attached drawings are marked as follows:

1 tunnel main body water-proof and drainage system: the method comprises the following steps:

1.1 primary support, 1.2 waterproof boards, 1.3 annular drainage pipes, 1.4 secondary linings, 1.5 longitudinal drainage pipes, 1.6 longitudinal drainage ditches, 1.7 transverse drainage pipes and 1.8 central drainage ditches;

2, a karst cave drainage system: the method comprises the following steps:

2.1 karst cave, 2.2 diversion tunnel, 2.3 grouted rubble, 2.4 concrete, 2.5 waterproof layer, 2.6 first drop chute and 2.7 second drop chute;

3, inverted arch drainage system: the method comprises the following steps:

3.1 an inverted arch filling layer, 3.2 inverted arches, 3.3 annular drainage pipes, 3.4 vertical water diversion pipes and 3.5 transverse drainage pipes; 4, supporting structure: comprises that

4.1 anchor rod mechanism, 4.2 reinforcing mesh and 4.3 concrete support layer;

the specific implementation mode is as follows:

now combine the figure to specifically explain the utility model discloses a concrete implementation method, the figure only is the schematic diagram, only explains the basic structure of this patent, the utility model discloses an example does not have the basis of inventive research and development for this field of technical staff, all belongs to the utility model discloses a protection scope.

The principle and the steps of tunnel crossing karst cave drainage are as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a tunnel passes through drainage method of solution cavity, and is concrete, and the drainage of tunnel main part is tunnel preliminary bracing 1.1's infiltration circulation ring to drain pipe 1.3 and longitudinal drain pipe 1.5, gets into horizontal drain pipe 1.7 to in the drainage ditch 1.6 in the tunnel. The water can be drained into the central drainage ditch 1.8 through the transverse drainage pipe 1.7, so that the influence of the blockage of the longitudinal drainage ditch on the drainage of the tunnel is avoided. The drainage of tunnel bottom is executed in the tunnel invert preliminary bracing outside and is made hoop drain pipe 3.3 to set up the infiltration hole on hoop drain pipe 3.3 and be connected with the vertical leading water pipe 3.4 of top, vertical leading water pipe 3.4 is connected with horizontal drain pipe 3.5, and the infiltration of tunnel bottom will get into horizontal drain pipe 3.5 through hoop drain pipe 3.3 and vertical leading water pipe 3.4, then discharges into central escape canal 1.8 through horizontal drain pipe 3.5. At the diversion tunnel department, excavate diversion tunnel 2.2 for diversion tunnel 2.2 both ends are connected with diversion tunnel 2.1, lay waterproof layer 2.5 on diversion tunnel 2.2 lateral wall, prevent that the diversion tunnel water from corroding the tunnel bottom structure, set up first drop tank 2.6 apart from diversion tunnel entry suitable position, cushion the rivers in the diversion tunnel, set up second drop tank 2.7 below the diversion tunnel, deposit the bold rubble that rivers carried in second drop tank 2.7, avoid the diversion tunnel to block. The water flow in the karst cave 2.1 enters the diversion tunnel through the buffering of the first water drop groove 2.6, the carried large broken stones are blocked in the second water drop groove 2.7, the small-particle silt is discharged out of the diversion tunnel along with the water flow, the underground water flow is guaranteed to be smooth, the particles are not lost, and then the water flow in the karst cave is discharged. The method comprises the steps of cleaning the dangerous stones before the karst cave is processed, carrying out anchor-spraying net support on a top plate of the karst cave, adopting a mortar anchor rod and arranging a reinforcing net 4.2 on the anchor rod, then adopting grouted rubble 2.3 to backfill the karst cave, preventing drainage in the karst cave from influencing a tunnel, avoiding lining cracking, adopting concrete 2.4 support on two sides of the grouted rubble, and ensuring the stability of the grouted rubble 2.3.

Tunnel main part drainage system 1 can reduce tunnel preliminary bracing's the infiltration discharge tunnel of 1.1, reduces tunnel preliminary bracing's outside water pressure, guarantees the safety of tunnel operation, has reduced disease punishment, has effectively avoided the waste of manpower and materials because disease renovation causes. The primary support 1.1 is treated to prevent water leakage, external leakage and uneven surface before the waterproof layer is laid. The waterproof board 1.2 is laid by a waterproof board operation trolley and is carried out by two sides of the arch part, the waterproof board in the ascending direction is pressed by the waterproof board in the descending direction during circumferential welding line construction, the waterproof board in the upper part is pressed by the waterproof board in the lower part during longitudinal welding line construction, and the waterproof board 1.2 is fixed on the surface of the geotextile by ultrasonic hot melting welding so that the waterproof board and the thermoplastic gasket are melted and bonded into a whole. The annular drain pipe 1.3 is arranged between the waterproof layer and the primary support, and a double-wall perforated corrugated pipe is adopted. The geotextile is smoothly fixed on the surface of the primary support 1.1 through the shooting nails, and the longitudinal drainage pipes 1.5 are annularly arranged along the surface of the primary support of the tunnel and are communicated with the annular drainage pipes 1.3. The longitudinal drainage ditch 1.6 is poured by concrete and is connected with the transverse drainage pipe 1.7. Horizontal drain pipe 1.8 adopts the PVC pipe setting in the inverted arch filling layer, with hoop drain pipe 1.3, vertical escape canal 1.7 intercommunication. The central drainage ditch 1.8 is longitudinally arranged at the central bottom of the tunnel and is communicated with the transverse drainage pipe 1.8. The system forms a whole body for draining water, ensures the drainage of the water seepage of the tunnel and solves the drainage problem of the underground water around the tunnel.

The karst cave drainage system 2 can drain water flow in the karst cave, does not change the original drainage system of the karst cave, and ensures that the tunnel safely and reasonably passes through the karst cave. Excavating a diversion tunnel 2.2 to connect two ends of the diversion tunnel 2.2 with a karst cave 2.1, arranging a water drop groove 2.6 at a certain position away from the inlet of the diversion tunnel, arranging a water drop groove 2.7 at the bottom of the diversion tunnel, and then paving a waterproof layer 2.5 on the side wall of the diversion tunnel 2.2 to prevent the karst cave water from corroding the tunnel bottom structure. The method comprises the steps of cleaning the dangerous stones before the karst cave is processed, carrying out anchor-spraying net support on a top plate of the karst cave, enabling the anchor rods to be mortar anchor rods and arranging reinforcing steel nets, then adopting grouted rubble 2.3 to backfill the karst cave, preventing drainage in the karst cave from influencing a tunnel, avoiding lining cracking, and adopting concrete 2.4 support on two sides of the grouted rubble to guarantee stability of the grouted rubble 2.3. The system can realize the drainage of the karst cave when the tunnel passes through the karst cave, does not change the original drainage system of the karst cave, ensures that the tunnel is not influenced by the drainage of the karst cave 2.1, avoids the blockage of the drainage pipe and ensures that the tunnel reasonably passes through the karst cave.

The inverted arch drainage system 3 is used for draining underground water at the lower part of the tunnel, wherein an inverted arch filling layer 3.1 is arranged above an inverted arch secondary lining and is filled with concrete, so that the load of the upper part is guaranteed to be transferred to the inverted arch 3.2 below. The inverted arch 3.2 is of a reinforced concrete structure, is positioned below the inverted arch filling layer 3.1 and is divided into primary support and inverted arch secondary lining, and upper load transmitted by the inverted arch filling layer 3.1 is transmitted to the underground rock mass through the inverted arch 3.2. The circumferential water drainage pipe 3.3 is arranged on the outer side of an inverted arch preliminary bracing, a double-wall perforated corrugated pipe is adopted, and a water seepage port is arranged on the circumferential water drainage pipe 3.3 and is connected with the vertical water diversion pipe 3.4. Vertical leading water pipe 3.4 sets up along tunnel horizontal interval, and the below is connected with hoop drain pipe 3.3 with passing tunnel invert secondary lining and preliminary bracing, and the top is connected with horizontal drain pipe 3.5. The transverse drainage pipe 3.5 is arranged in the tunnel inverted arch filling layer, one end close to the tunnel secondary lining is plugged, the other end is communicated with the central drainage ditch 1.8, the middle of the transverse drainage pipe is communicated with the vertical water conduit 3.4, and the transverse drainage pipe is transversely and symmetrically arranged in the tunnel. The system discharges the underground water at the bottom of the tunnel, and ensures the stability of the lower part of the tunnel.

The supporting system 4 is used for supporting the karst cave wall and keeping the stability of the karst cave structure. Firstly, cleaning dangerous stones in the karst cave, carrying out anchor spraying net support on a karst cave top plate at the intersection part of the tunnel and the karst cave, wherein an anchor rod mechanism adopts mortar anchor rods, is inserted into surrounding rocks in a quincunx arrangement mode to form a whole with the karst cave wall, and is constructed from bottom to top, so that the stability of the karst cave 2.1 is ensured. The reinforcing mesh is arranged on the axis of the anchor rod perpendicular to the anchor rod mechanism 4.1, the multi-layer reinforcing mesh 4.2 is arranged along the axis direction of the anchor rod, and the reinforcing mesh is fixed on the anchor rod mechanism. And concrete is sprayed on the wall of the tunnel cave to form a concrete supporting layer 4.3 to increase the stability of the top surface of the cave. The system ensures the stability of the karst cave.

Claims (2)

1. A drainage system for a tunnel traversing a cavern, comprising: the tunnel main body water-proof and drainage system (1), the karst cave water-leading and drainage system (2), the inverted arch water-drainage system (3) and the support system (4);

the tunnel main body water-proof and drainage system (1) comprises a primary support (1.1), a waterproof board (1.2), a circumferential drainage pipe (1.3), a secondary lining (1.4), a longitudinal drainage pipe (1.5), a longitudinal drainage ditch (1.6), a transverse drainage pipe (1.7) and a central drainage ditch (1.8); the tunnel water-saving device is characterized in that a primary support (1.1), a circumferential drainage pipe (1.3), a waterproof board (1.2) and a secondary lining (1.4) are arranged from the lower surface of the tunnel upper main body downwards in sequence, and the primary support (1.1), the circumferential drainage pipe (1.3), the waterproof board (1.2) and the secondary lining (1.4) are all arch structures the same as the tunnel upper main body;

two ends of the annular drainage pipe (1.3) are respectively provided with a transverse drainage pipe (1.7) connected with a longitudinal drainage ditch (1.6); the length direction of the longitudinal drainage ditch (1.6) is along the length direction of the tunnel; the longitudinal drainage ditch (1.6) is communicated with the central drainage ditch (1.8), the central drainage ditch (1.8) is positioned at the center of the tunnel, the length direction of the central drainage ditch (1.8) is along the length direction of the tunnel, and the position of the central drainage ditch (1.8) is lower than that of the longitudinal drainage ditch (1.6);

geotextile is smoothly fixed on the surface of the primary support (1.1) through a nail;

the karst cave water diversion and drainage system (2) comprises a karst cave (2.1), a water diversion cave (2.2), mortar rubbles (2.3), concrete (2.4), a waterproof layer (2.5), a first drop chute (2.6) and a second drop chute (2.7); the supporting system (4) comprises an anchor rod mechanism (4.1), a reinforcing mesh (4.2) and a concrete supporting layer (4.3); in the karst cave passed through by the tunnel, according to the direction of karst cave water flow, an inlet of a diversion tunnel (2.2) is arranged at the upstream of the tunnel, an outlet of the diversion tunnel (2.2) is arranged at the downstream of the tunnel, and water in the karst cave is introduced into the downstream of the tunnel from the upstream of the tunnel through the diversion tunnel (2.2); a first drop chute (2.6) is arranged on the bottom surface of the karst cave (2.1) arranged at the upstream of the inlet of the diversion tunnel (2.2), and a second drop chute (2.7) is arranged at the bottom of the diversion tunnel (2.2) where the water flow turns; the outer side surface of the diversion tunnel (2.2) is provided with a waterproof layer (2.5), and the diversion tunnel (2.2) bypasses the tunnel; at the junction of the tunnel and the karst cave, the external surface of the tunnel is filled with grouted rubble stones (2.3), so that the grouted rubble stones (2.3) fill the karst cave part of the junction section of the tunnel and the karst cave, and the grouted rubble stones (2.3) completely cut off water flow in the karst cave (2.1) in the junction section of the tunnel and the karst cave; concrete (2.4) is respectively arranged at the two ends of the grout rubble (2.3) in the karst cave (2.1);

the inner surface of the karst cave (2.1) corresponding to the grouted rubble (2.3) is outwards provided with a reinforcing mesh (4.2) and a concrete support layer (4.3) in sequence, and a plurality of anchor rod mechanisms (4.1) are arranged to be anchored in surrounding rocks at the karst cave;

the inverted arch drainage system (3) comprises an inverted arch filling layer (3.1), an inverted arch (3.2), a circumferential drainage pipe (3.3), a vertical water conduit (3.4) and a transverse drainage pipe (3.5); the inverted arch (3.2) is divided into an inverted arch primary support and an inverted arch secondary lining, wherein the inverted arch primary support is arranged below the inverted arch secondary lining; the inverted arch filling layer (3.1) is positioned on the inverted arch for secondary lining; the secondary lining of the inverted arch (3.2) adopts a reinforced concrete structure and a secondary lining structure (1.4) to form the whole body of the tunnel; a plurality of transverse drain pipes (3.5) are arranged below the inverted arch filling layer (3.1), one end of each transverse drain pipe (3.5) is connected with a central drain ditch (1.8), the other end of each transverse drain pipe is blocked, and the transverse drain pipes (3.5) are arranged on two sides of each central drain ditch (1.8); the transverse drain pipe (3.5) is provided with a plurality of downward vertical water diversion pipes (3.4) along the length direction, and the lower ends of the vertical water diversion pipes (3.4) are communicated with the annular drain pipe (3.3); the annular drainage pipe (3.3) is arranged at the outer side below the primary support of the inverted arch and is in an arch shape which is bent downwards.

2. A drainage system for a tunnel-through karst cave according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage of the tunnel body is the seepage water of the tunnel preliminary bracing (1.1) through the flow ring to the drainage pipe (1.3) and the longitudinal drainage pipe (1.5), into the transverse drainage pipe (1.7) and thus into the tunnel longitudinal drainage ditch (1.6); the water is drained into a central drainage ditch (1.8) through a transverse drainage pipe (1.7), so that the phenomenon that the drainage of the tunnel is influenced by the blockage of a longitudinal drainage ditch is avoided; draining water at the bottom of the tunnel is implemented by arranging an annular drainage pipe (3.3) at the outer side of an inverted arch preliminary support of the tunnel, arranging a water seepage hole on the annular drainage pipe (3.3) to be connected with a vertical water diversion pipe (3.4) above the annular drainage pipe, connecting the vertical water diversion pipe (3.4) with a transverse drainage pipe (3.5), and draining the water at the bottom of the tunnel into a central drainage ditch (1.8) through the annular drainage pipe (3.3) and the vertical water diversion pipe (3.4) and then discharging the water into the central drainage ditch (3.5); excavating a diversion tunnel (2.2) at the position of the karst cave to enable two ends of the diversion tunnel (2.2) to be connected with the karst cave (2.1), paving a waterproof layer (2.5) on the side wall of the diversion tunnel (2.2) to prevent water in the karst cave from corroding a tunnel bottom structure, arranging a water drop groove (2.6) at a proper position away from an inlet of the diversion tunnel, buffering water flow in the karst cave, arranging a water drop groove (2.7) below the diversion tunnel, and depositing large gravels carried by the water flow in the water drop groove (2.7) to avoid the blockage of the diversion tunnel; the water flow in the karst cave (2.1) is buffered by the water drop groove (2.6) and enters the diversion tunnel, the carried large crushed stones are blocked in the water drop groove (2.7), the small-particle silt is discharged out of the diversion tunnel along with the water flow, the underground water flow is ensured to be smooth, the particles are not lost, and the water flow in the karst cave is discharged;

the tunnel main body water-proof and drainage system (1) can drain the seepage water of the tunnel primary support (1.1) out of the tunnel, reduce the outside water pressure of the tunnel primary support, ensure the safety of tunnel operation, reduce the treatment of diseases and effectively avoid the waste of manpower and material resources caused by the treatment of the diseases; wherein the primary support (1.1) is used for treating water leakage, external leakage protrusions and surface unevenness on the surface of the primary support before the waterproof layer is laid; the waterproof board (1.2) is paved by a waterproof board operation trolley and is arranged on two sides of the arch part, the waterproof board in the ascending direction is pressed by the waterproof board in the descending direction during circumferential welding line construction, the waterproof board in the upper part is pressed by the waterproof board in the lower part during longitudinal welding line construction, and the waterproof board (1.2) is fixed on the surface of the geotextile by ultrasonic hot melting welding so that the waterproof board and the thermoplastic gasket are melted and bonded into a whole; the annular drainage pipe (1.3) is arranged between the waterproof layer and the primary support, and a double-wall perforated corrugated pipe is adopted; the geotextile is smoothly fixed on the surface of the primary support (1.1) through the shooting nails, and the longitudinal drainage pipes (1.5) are annularly arranged along the surface of the primary support of the tunnel and are communicated with the annular drainage pipes (1.3); the longitudinal drainage ditch (1.6) is poured by concrete and is connected with a transverse drainage pipe (1.7); the transverse drainage pipe (1.8) is arranged in the inverted arch filling layer by adopting a PVC pipe and is communicated with the annular drainage pipe (1.3) and the longitudinal drainage ditch (1.7); the central drainage ditch (1.8) is longitudinally arranged at the central bottom of the tunnel and is communicated with the transverse drainage pipe (1.8);

the karst cave drainage system (2) can drain water flow in the karst cave without changing the original drainage system of the karst cave, so that the tunnel can safely and reasonably pass through the karst cave; excavating a diversion tunnel (2.2) to enable two ends of the diversion tunnel (2.2) to be connected with the karst cave (2.1), arranging a water drop groove (2.6) at a certain position away from an inlet of the diversion tunnel, arranging a water drop groove (2.7) at the bottom of the diversion tunnel, and then paving a waterproof layer (2.5) on the side wall of the diversion tunnel (2.2) to prevent water in the karst cave from corroding a tunnel bottom structure; before the karst cave is processed, the dangerous stones are cleaned, anchor spraying net support is carried out on a top plate of the karst cave, mortar anchor rods are adopted for the anchor rods, reinforcing steel nets are arranged on the anchor rods, then mortar rubbles (2.3) are adopted for backfilling the karst cave, influence on a tunnel caused by drainage in the karst cave is prevented, cracking of a lining is avoided, and concrete (2.4) support is adopted on two sides of the mortar rubbles to guarantee stability of the mortar rubbles (2.3); the drainage of the karst cave is realized when the tunnel passes through the karst cave, the original drainage system of the karst cave is not changed, the tunnel is ensured not to be influenced by the drainage of the karst cave (2.1), meanwhile, the blockage of a drainage pipe is avoided, and the tunnel is ensured to reasonably pass through the karst cave;

the inverted arch drainage system (3) is used for draining underground water at the lower part of the tunnel, wherein an inverted arch filling layer (3.1) is arranged above an inverted arch secondary lining and is filled with concrete, so that the load of the upper part is guaranteed to be transferred to the inverted arch (3.2) below; the inverted arch (3.2) is of a reinforced concrete structure, is positioned below the inverted arch filling layer (3.1) and is divided into primary support and inverted arch secondary lining, and upper load transmitted by the inverted arch filling layer (3.1) is transmitted to an underground rock mass through the inverted arch (3.2); the annular drainage pipe (3.3) is arranged outside the primary support of the inverted arch, a double-wall perforated corrugated pipe is adopted, and a water seepage port is arranged on the annular drainage pipe (3.3) and is connected with the vertical water conduit (3.4);

the vertical water pipes (3.4) are arranged at intervals along the transverse direction of the tunnel, the lower part of the vertical water pipes is connected with the annular water drainage pipe (3.3) through an inverted arch secondary lining and a primary support of the tunnel, and the upper part of the vertical water pipes is connected with the transverse water drainage pipe (3.5); the transverse drainage pipes (3.5) are arranged in the tunnel inverted arch filling layer, one end close to the tunnel secondary lining is plugged, the other end is communicated with the central drainage ditch (1.8), the middle of the transverse drainage pipes is communicated with the vertical water conduit (3.4), and the transverse drainage pipes are transversely and symmetrically arranged in the tunnel; the system discharges the underground water at the bottom of the tunnel, so that the stability of the lower part of the tunnel is ensured;

the supporting system (4) is used for supporting the karst cave wall and keeping the stability of the karst cave structure; firstly, cleaning dangerous stones in the karst cave, and carrying out anchor spraying net support on a karst cave top plate at the intersection part of the tunnel and the karst cave, wherein an anchor rod mechanism adopts mortar anchor rods, is inserted into surrounding rocks in a quincunx arrangement mode to form a whole with the karst cave wall, and is constructed from bottom to top to ensure the stability of the karst cave (2.1); arranging a reinforcing mesh on the axis of an anchor rod perpendicular to an anchor rod mechanism (4.1), arranging a plurality of layers of reinforcing meshes (4.2) along the axis direction of the anchor rod, and fixing the reinforcing meshes on the anchor rod mechanism; and concrete is sprayed on the wall of the tunnel cave to form a concrete supporting layer (4.3) to increase the stability of the top surface of the cave.

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