CN205505271U - Vaporization of marine LNG and air conditioner integrated system - Google Patents
Vaporization of marine LNG and air conditioner integrated system Download PDFInfo
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- CN205505271U CN205505271U CN201620307968.3U CN201620307968U CN205505271U CN 205505271 U CN205505271 U CN 205505271U CN 201620307968 U CN201620307968 U CN 201620307968U CN 205505271 U CN205505271 U CN 205505271U
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- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 76
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical group CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种船用LNG汽化与空调集成***，包括LNG汽化回路、船舶主辅机缸套冷却水回路及船舶空调回路，其中LNG汽化回路包括通过管道依次连接的LNG储液罐、低温截止阀、LNG梯级汽化器、截止阀和船舶主辅机供气***进气口i以及通过管道首尾依次连接装有第一换热介质的储气罐、气体增压泵、第一换热介质调节阀和LNG梯级汽化器；船舶主辅机缸套冷却水回路包括通过管道首尾依次连接的缓冲罐、船舶主辅机缸套、储液罐、热水泵、LNG梯级汽化器；所述船舶空调回路包括制冷回路和制热回路。本实用新型利用LNG在汽化时产生的冷能及燃烧时释放的热量，解决了LNG汽化问题，满足了船舶空调制冷和制热需求，是一种低能耗、低排放和高能效的LNG动力船舶空调***。
The utility model discloses a marine LNG vaporization and air-conditioning integrated system, which comprises an LNG vaporization circuit, a ship main and auxiliary engine cylinder liner cooling water circuit and a ship air-conditioning circuit, wherein the LNG vaporization circuit includes an LNG liquid storage tank, a low-temperature The shut-off valve, LNG cascade vaporizer, shut-off valve and the air inlet i of the ship’s main and auxiliary engine gas supply system, and the gas storage tank equipped with the first heat exchange medium, the gas booster pump, and the first heat exchange medium are sequentially connected through the pipeline from the beginning to the end. valve and LNG cascade vaporizer; the cooling water circuit of the ship's main and auxiliary engine cylinder liners includes buffer tanks, ship's main and auxiliary engine liners, liquid storage tanks, hot water pumps, and LNG cascade vaporizers; circuit and heating circuit. The utility model utilizes the cold energy generated during vaporization of LNG and the heat released during combustion, which solves the problem of vaporization of LNG and meets the requirements of air-conditioning refrigeration and heating of ships, and is an LNG-powered ship with low energy consumption, low emission and high energy efficiency Air Conditioning System.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种船用LNG汽化与空调集成***，属于空调工程技术领域。The utility model relates to a marine LNG vaporization and air-conditioning integrated system, which belongs to the technical field of air-conditioning engineering.
背景技术Background technique
进入21世纪以来，我国燃油价格不断上涨，大大增加了船舶运营的成本；同时，随着各类污染的增多，环境问题已经成为了世界的一个时代性主题。使用柴油的船舶产生的大量大气污染物排放，严重影响内陆港口和海岸空气的质量。因此，寻找廉价、环保的燃料成为了船舶行业的一大迫切需求。Since the beginning of the 21st century, my country's fuel prices have continued to rise, greatly increasing the cost of ship operations; at the same time, with the increase of various types of pollution, environmental issues have become an epochal theme in the world. The large amount of air pollutants emitted by ships using diesel oil seriously affects the air quality of inland ports and coasts. Therefore, finding cheap and environmentally friendly fuels has become an urgent need for the shipping industry.
天然气储量丰富，价格便宜，以LNG作为燃料是未来船舶发展的大势所趋。目前，以LNG为主要燃料的动力船，主要采用海水作为热源，将-163℃的LNG汽化。LNG释放的大量高品位冷能直接被海水带走，造成了能源的极大浪费。同时，吸收了LNG汽化产生大量冷能的低温海水直接排入海中，使得附近海域受到严重的冷污染。Natural gas reserves are abundant and the price is cheap. Using LNG as fuel is the general trend of future ship development. At present, power ships using LNG as the main fuel mainly use seawater as a heat source to vaporize LNG at -163°C. A large amount of high-grade cold energy released by LNG is directly taken away by seawater, resulting in a great waste of energy. At the same time, the low-temperature seawater that absorbs a large amount of cold energy generated by the vaporization of LNG is directly discharged into the sea, causing serious cold pollution to nearby sea areas.
航行于海域上的船舶是一个独立的海上移动建筑，其经常航行在不同的海域，温差变化比较大，为了保证船员与乘客的热舒适性要求，空调***是船舶***必不可少的组成部分。A ship sailing in the sea is an independent offshore mobile building. It often sails in different sea areas, and the temperature difference varies greatly. In order to ensure the thermal comfort requirements of the crew and passengers, the air conditioning system is an essential part of the ship system.
目前，船用空调***基本上使用常规风冷或水冷***。申请号为201310454497.X的专利公开了一种LNG动力船的空调***，该***主要由膨胀水箱、进水管路、若干个舱室风机盘管、出水管路、负荷调节换热器、冷媒水泵、水浴式汽化器组成，它利用水浴式汽化器将LNG进行汽化，并将释放的冷量进行吸收和利用，该***虽利用LNG汽化所释放的冷量，但该***中直接使用淡水作为载冷剂，在水浴式汽化器中与LNG进行热交换，由于LNG汽化时热交换温差能达到170～200℃，可能使得进行热交换的冷媒水吸收过多冷量而结冰，使得整个***无法正常运行，同时该***中LNG的汽化量必须与空调制冷量严格匹配，尤其当船舶在制冷量较小而船舶动力需求较多NG时，该***将不能满足船舶的正常运行时所需的LNG汽化量。At present, marine air-conditioning systems basically use conventional air-cooled or water-cooled systems. The patent with the application number 201310454497.X discloses an air conditioning system for LNG-powered ships. It consists of a water-bath vaporizer. It uses a water-bath vaporizer to vaporize LNG and absorb and utilize the released cold. Although this system uses the cold released by LNG vaporization, fresh water is directly used as a refrigerant in this system. In the water-bath evaporator for heat exchange with LNG, since the heat exchange temperature difference can reach 170-200°C when LNG is vaporized, the refrigerant water for heat exchange may absorb too much cold energy and freeze, making the whole system unable to operate normally. The vaporization capacity of LNG in the system must be strictly matched with the refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner, especially when the ship has a small cooling capacity and a large power demand of NG, the system will not be able to meet the LNG vaporization capacity required for the normal operation of the ship.
申请号为201510172634.X的专利公开了一种LNG动力船空调制冷/供热***，该***包含四个回路：LNG汽化回路、冰蓄冷循环回路、热回收回路、海水回路。LNG汽化回路由LNG储罐、第一换热器、船舶主机动力***燃气输入口利用管道依次连接；冰蓄冷循环回路又由第一冷媒循环和第二冷媒循环构成，第一换热器、第一冷媒罐、第一冷媒泵、第二换热器构成第一冷媒循环；第二换热器、第二冷媒罐、第二冷媒泵、设置在蓄冷蓄热装置中的冷媒盘管构成第二冷媒循环；设置在蓄冷蓄热装置中的冷水盘管中的水与冷媒盘管的第二冷媒通过介质换热后利用管道与船舶舱室连接构成冰蓄冷循环回路；热回收回路依次由船舶主机动力***、循环泵以及设置在蓄冷蓄热装置中的热水盘管通过管道连接构成；海水回路主要用于第三换热器。该***将LNG汽化时的冷能回收，采用冰蓄冷的方式用于夏季工况下的船舶舱室空调***；并将汽化后的LNG燃烧时产生的大量余热回收，用于冬季工况下的船舶舱室空调***。但该***结构复杂，采用了三个换热器和三种冷媒，控制极其繁琐，调节极为困难；且LNG汽化所需的热源主要为海水，大量高品位冷能直接排入海水中，既造成了能量浪费，也对海洋造成了严重的冷污染。The patent application number 201510172634.X discloses an air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system for LNG-powered ships, which includes four circuits: LNG vaporization circuit, ice storage circuit, heat recovery circuit, and seawater circuit. The LNG vaporization circuit is connected sequentially by pipes from the LNG storage tank, the first heat exchanger, and the gas input port of the main engine power system of the ship; the ice storage circulation circuit is composed of the first refrigerant cycle and the second refrigerant cycle. A refrigerant tank, the first refrigerant pump, and the second heat exchanger constitute the first refrigerant cycle; the second heat exchanger, the second refrigerant tank, the second refrigerant pump, and the refrigerant coil installed in the cold storage device constitute the second Refrigerant circulation; the water in the cold water coil installed in the cold storage and heat storage device and the second refrigerant of the refrigerant coil exchange heat through the medium and then use pipes to connect with the ship cabin to form an ice cold storage circulation circuit; the heat recovery circuit is sequentially powered by the main engine of the ship The system, the circulation pump and the hot water coil installed in the cold storage and heat storage device are connected by pipelines; the seawater circuit is mainly used for the third heat exchanger. The system recovers the cold energy from LNG vaporization, and adopts ice storage method for the cabin air-conditioning system of ships under summer conditions; and recovers a large amount of waste heat generated during the combustion of vaporized LNG, which is used for ships under winter conditions. Cabin air conditioning system. However, the structure of the system is complex, using three heat exchangers and three types of refrigerants, the control is extremely cumbersome, and the adjustment is extremely difficult; and the heat source required for LNG vaporization is mainly seawater, and a large amount of high-grade cold energy is directly discharged into the seawater, causing both It not only wastes energy, but also causes serious cold pollution to the ocean.
申请号为201420183474.X的专利公开了一种LNG动力船的LNG冷能利用装置，该***由三个回路组成：利用管道将LNG储罐、第一热交换器、第二热交换器、发动机的燃气输入口依次连接，形成LNG汽化回路；第一热交换器、第一热媒储存箱、冷能释放装置通过管道依次连接构成第一冷能利用回路；第二热交换器、发动机排气管冷却水套、第二热媒储存箱通过管道依次连接构成第二冷能释放回路；第一冷能利用回路和第二冷能释放回路中均设有用以使热媒流动的循环泵。虽然该***采用两级冷量回收的模式对LNG释放的冷量进行充分回收，但该***在冷量利用上存在很大缺陷，它将在一级换热器中所吸收的冷量用于冷藏室中，由于冷藏室初次运行和持续运行所需冷量具有较大差异，该***中的冷藏室需冷量与LNG汽化时的冷能释放量存在着较大差异，产生了释冷量与需冷量严重的不匹配，致使LNG汽化量不足，影响船舶动力***正常运行时对LNG汽化量的需求。The patent with the application number 201420183474.X discloses a LNG cold energy utilization device for LNG-powered ships. The system consists of three loops: the LNG storage tank, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the engine are connected by pipelines. The gas input ports of the gas are connected in sequence to form an LNG vaporization circuit; the first heat exchanger, the first heat medium storage tank, and the cold energy release device are connected in sequence through pipelines to form the first cold energy utilization circuit; the second heat exchanger, the engine exhaust The pipe cooling water jacket and the second heat medium storage tank are sequentially connected through pipes to form a second cold energy release circuit; both the first cold energy utilization circuit and the second cold energy release circuit are provided with circulating pumps for making the heat medium flow. Although the system adopts the two-stage cold energy recovery mode to fully recover the cold energy released by LNG, the system has a great defect in the use of cold energy. It uses the cold energy absorbed in the primary heat exchanger for In the refrigerating room, due to the large difference between the cooling capacity required for the initial operation and the continuous operation of the refrigerating room, there is a large difference between the cooling capacity required for the refrigerating room in this system and the amount of cold energy released when the LNG is vaporized, resulting in a release of cooling capacity. The serious mismatch with the required cooling capacity leads to insufficient LNG vaporization, which affects the demand for LNG vaporization during normal operation of the ship's power system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是针对上述现有技术的缺陷和问题，通过合理利用LNG动力船舶中LNG汽化时释放的冷能以及LNG燃烧时释放的热量，提供一种既能满足LNG汽化量又能满足船舶舱室的供冷、供热需求，减少冷污染的船舶空调***，以降低船舶空调***的能源消耗，提升船舶整体运营的经济性和环保性。The purpose of this utility model is to address the defects and problems of the above-mentioned prior art, by rationally utilizing the cold energy released during LNG vaporization in LNG-powered ships and the heat released during LNG combustion, to provide a method that can meet the needs of both LNG vaporization and LNG vaporization. The cooling and heating demand of ship cabins, the ship air-conditioning system that reduces cold pollution, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the ship air-conditioning system, and improve the economy and environmental protection of the overall operation of the ship.
本实用新型是将LNG动力船舶中LNG汽化及燃烧产生的大量能量和船舶空调***制冷与供热进行有机整合，利用LNG汽化时释放的大量冷能，作为夏季工况下船舶空调***的冷源，满足船舶供冷需求；利用LNG燃烧产生大量的余热作为LNG汽化和冬季工况下空调***的热源，以满足LNG汽化量和船舶空调***供热需求，达到能源利用效率的最优化。The utility model organically integrates a large amount of energy produced by LNG vaporization and combustion in LNG-powered ships with the cooling and heating of the ship's air-conditioning system, and utilizes the large amount of cold energy released during LNG vaporization as a cold source for the ship's air-conditioning system in summer , to meet the cooling demand of ships; use the large amount of waste heat generated by LNG combustion as the heat source of LNG vaporization and air-conditioning system under winter working conditions, to meet the LNG vaporization amount and the heating demand of ship air-conditioning system, and achieve the optimization of energy utilization efficiency.
为实现上述目的，本实用新型采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
一种船用LNG汽化与空调集成***，包括LNG汽化回路、船舶主辅机缸套冷却水回路及船舶空调回路，所述LNG汽化回路包括通过管道依次连接的LNG储液罐、低温截止阀、LNG梯级汽化器、截止阀和船舶主辅机供气***进气口i以及通过管道首尾依次连接装有第一换热介质的储气罐、气体增压泵、第一换热介质调节阀和LNG梯级汽化器；所述船舶主辅机缸套冷却水回路包括通过管道首尾依次连接的缓冲罐、船舶主辅机缸套、储液罐、热水泵、LNG梯级汽化器，所述LNG梯级汽化器上LNG入口为a，LNG出口为b，第一换热介质入口为c，第一换热介质出口为d，冷却水入口为e，冷却水出口为f，所述船舶主辅机缸套冷却水入口为g，所述船舶主辅机缸套冷却水出口为h；所述船舶空调回路包括制冷回路和制热回路，所述制冷回路包括通过管路依次连接的冷却水三通调节阀、冷却水调节阀、空调末端和所述缓冲罐入口，所述冷却水三通调节阀设置在所述冷却水出口f与所述缓冲罐之间，所述制热回路包括通过管路依次连接的第一热水三通接头、第一热水调节阀、所述空调末端和所述缓冲罐入口，所述第一热水三通接头设置在所述热水泵与所述冷却水入口e之间；所述第一热水三通接头与所述第一热水调节阀之间还设有第二热水三通接头，所述第二热水三通接头通过设置有第二热水调节阀的管路与所述缓冲罐入口连通。A marine LNG vaporization and air-conditioning integrated system, including an LNG vaporization circuit, a ship's main and auxiliary engine cylinder liner cooling water circuit, and a ship's air-conditioning circuit. The LNG vaporization circuit includes an LNG liquid storage tank, a low-temperature stop valve, and an LNG Cascade carburetor, shut-off valve and the air inlet i of the ship's main and auxiliary engine gas supply system, and the gas storage tank filled with the first heat exchange medium, the gas booster pump, the first heat exchange medium regulating valve and the LNG cascade are connected in sequence from the beginning to the end of the pipeline Carburetor; the cooling water circuit of the main and auxiliary engine cylinder liners of the ship includes a buffer tank, a cylinder liner of the main and auxiliary engine of the ship, a liquid storage tank, a hot water pump, and an LNG cascade vaporizer connected sequentially through pipelines. The LNG inlet on the LNG cascade vaporizer is a, the LNG outlet is b, the first heat exchange medium inlet is c, the first heat exchange medium outlet is d, the cooling water inlet is e, the cooling water outlet is f, and the main and auxiliary engine cylinder liner cooling water inlet of the ship is g , the cooling water outlet of the ship's main and auxiliary engine cylinder liner is h; the ship's air-conditioning circuit includes a refrigeration circuit and a heating circuit, and the refrigeration circuit includes a cooling water three-way regulating valve and a cooling water regulating valve connected in sequence through pipelines , the air conditioner terminal and the inlet of the buffer tank, the cooling water three-way regulating valve is arranged between the cooling water outlet f and the buffer tank, and the heating circuit includes the first hot water connected in sequence through pipelines A three-way joint, a first hot water regulating valve, the air-conditioning terminal and the inlet of the buffer tank, the first hot water three-way joint is arranged between the hot water pump and the cooling water inlet e; the second A second hot water three-way joint is also provided between a hot water three-way joint and the first hot water regulating valve, and the second hot water three-way joint passes through the pipeline provided with the second hot water regulating valve and the The inlet of the buffer tank is connected.
进一步，所述的LNG梯级汽化器采用的第一换热介质为凝固点温度低于－163℃的流体。可以避免在换热过程中，换热介质凝固而阻塞管道。Further, the first heat exchange medium adopted by the LNG cascade vaporizer is a fluid whose freezing point temperature is lower than -163°C. During the heat exchange process, the heat exchange medium is solidified and the pipeline is blocked.
优选的，所述的LNG梯级汽化器采用的第一换热介质为丙烷或R22。这样能较多的回收LNG的冷能，根据实际运行情况，也可选择其他冷媒。Preferably, the first heat exchange medium used by the LNG cascade vaporizer is propane or R22. In this way, more cold energy of LNG can be recovered, and other refrigerants can also be selected according to actual operating conditions.
进一步，第一热水三通接头与所述的LNG梯级汽化器冷却水入口e之间设有第三热水调节阀。Further, a third hot water regulating valve is provided between the first hot water tee joint and the cooling water inlet e of the LNG cascade evaporator.
进一步，所述空调末端的入口设置有三通接头，所述制冷回路和所述制热回路通过所述三通接头与所述空调末端的入口连接。Further, the inlet of the air-conditioning terminal is provided with a three-way joint, and the refrigeration circuit and the heating circuit are connected to the inlet of the air-conditioning terminal through the three-way joint.
本实用新型的一种船用LNG汽化与空调集成***的控制方法，包含以下三种模式：汽化模式，制冷模式和供热模式：A control method of a marine LNG vaporization and air-conditioning integrated system of the utility model includes the following three modes: vaporization mode, refrigeration mode and heating mode:
所述汽化模式：当不需要所述空调末端制冷和制热时，将所述冷却水三通调节阀调节至全部接通所述缓冲罐，并关闭所述第一热水调节阀和冷却水调节阀，所述缓冲罐内的低温冷却水经船舶主辅机缸套吸收天然气燃烧后的余热成为高温冷却水进入所述储液罐，由所述热水泵加压后经所述第三热水调节阀，通过所述冷却水入口为e进入所述LNG梯级汽化器进行换热后降温为低温冷却水，由所述冷却水出口f流出，经所述冷却水三通调节阀回到所述缓冲罐，完成循环；同时，所述储气罐中的第一换热介质由气体增压泵提供动力，经所述第一换热介质调节阀，通过所述第一换热介质入口c进入所述LNG梯级汽化器，以相变形式进行换热，实现对LNG吸热汽化和对所述冷却水降温冷却后经所述第一换热介质出口d回到所述储气罐，完成循环；通过调节所述第一换热介质调节阀可调节所述第一换热介质的循环速度，进而控制所述LNG汽化的速度，通过调节所述第二热水调节阀可以调节进入所述缓冲罐的高温冷却水的量，进而控制所述缓冲罐内冷却水的温度；The vaporization mode: when the cooling and heating of the air conditioner terminal is not needed, adjust the cooling water three-way regulating valve to fully connect the buffer tank, and close the first hot water regulating valve and the cooling water Regulating valve, the low-temperature cooling water in the buffer tank absorbs the waste heat after natural gas combustion through the main and auxiliary engine cylinder liners of the ship and becomes high-temperature cooling water, enters the liquid storage tank, is pressurized by the hot water pump, and passes through the third heat The water regulating valve enters the LNG cascade vaporizer through the cooling water inlet e for heat exchange and then cools down to low-temperature cooling water, flows out from the cooling water outlet f, and returns to the LNG through the cooling water three-way regulating valve The buffer tank completes the cycle; at the same time, the first heat exchange medium in the gas storage tank is powered by a gas booster pump, passes through the first heat exchange medium regulating valve, and enters through the first heat exchange medium inlet c The LNG cascade evaporator performs heat exchange in the form of phase change, realizes endothermic vaporization of LNG and cooling of the cooling water, and then returns to the gas storage tank through the first heat exchange medium outlet d to complete the cycle; The circulation speed of the first heat exchange medium can be adjusted by adjusting the first heat exchange medium regulating valve, thereby controlling the vaporization speed of the LNG, and the gas entering the buffer tank can be adjusted by adjusting the second hot water regulating valve The amount of high-temperature cooling water, and then control the temperature of the cooling water in the buffer tank;
所述制冷模式：当需要所述空调末端制冷时，将所述冷却水三通调节阀调节至部分或全部接通所述空调末端，关小或关闭所述第一热水调节阀，开大所述冷却水调节阀，此时所述低温冷却水由所述冷却水出口f流出后会通过所述冷却水三通调节阀部分或全部经所述冷却水调节阀流入所述空调末端释放冷量，起到制冷的效果，最后流回所述缓冲罐，完成循环；通过调节冷却水三通调节阀和所述冷却水调节阀，可改变进入所述空调末端的低温冷却水量，进而调整制冷效果，通过调节所述第一热水调节阀可调节进入所述空调末端的低温冷却水的温度，也可以调整制冷效果，同样通过调节所述第二热水调节阀可以调节进入所述缓冲罐的高温冷却水的量，进而控制所述缓冲罐内冷却水的温度；The cooling mode: when the cooling of the air-conditioning terminal is required, the cooling water three-way regulating valve is adjusted to partially or fully connect the air-conditioning terminal, turn down or close the first hot water regulating valve, and open it up The cooling water regulating valve, at this time, the low-temperature cooling water flows out from the cooling water outlet f, and part or all of the cooling water flows into the air conditioner terminal through the cooling water three-way regulating valve to release the cooling water. amount, to play a cooling effect, and finally flow back to the buffer tank to complete the cycle; by adjusting the cooling water three-way regulating valve and the cooling water regulating valve, the amount of low-temperature cooling water entering the end of the air conditioner can be changed, and then the refrigeration can be adjusted Effect, by adjusting the first hot water regulating valve, the temperature of the low-temperature cooling water entering the air-conditioning terminal can be adjusted, and the cooling effect can also be adjusted. Similarly, by adjusting the second hot water regulating valve, the temperature of the cooling water entering the buffer tank can be adjusted. The amount of high-temperature cooling water, and then control the temperature of the cooling water in the buffer tank;
所述供热模式：当需要所述空调末端制热时，将所述冷却水三通调节阀调节至部分或全部接通所述缓冲罐，关小或关闭所述冷却水调节阀，开大所述第一热水调节阀，此时所述热水泵出口的所述高温冷却水由所述第一热水三通接头经所述第一热水调节阀流入所述空调末端释放热量，起到制热的效果，最后流回所述缓冲罐，完成循环；通过调节所述第一热水调节阀，可改变进入所述空调末端的高温冷却水量，进而调整制热效果，通过调节所述冷却水调节阀可调节进入所述空调末端的高温冷却水的温度，也可以调整制热效果，同样通过调节所述第二热水调节阀可以调节进入所述缓冲罐的高温冷却水的量，进而控制所述缓冲罐内冷却水的温度。The heating mode: when the air-conditioning terminal needs to be heated, adjust the cooling water three-way regulating valve to partially or fully connect the buffer tank, turn it down or close the cooling water regulating valve, and open it up The first hot water regulating valve, at this time, the high-temperature cooling water at the outlet of the hot water pump flows into the air conditioner terminal through the first hot water three-way joint through the first hot water regulating valve to release heat. to the effect of heating, and finally flow back to the buffer tank to complete the cycle; by adjusting the first hot water regulating valve, the amount of high-temperature cooling water entering the end of the air conditioner can be changed, thereby adjusting the heating effect; by adjusting the The cooling water regulating valve can adjust the temperature of the high-temperature cooling water entering the end of the air conditioner, and can also adjust the heating effect. Similarly, by adjusting the second hot water regulating valve, the amount of high-temperature cooling water entering the buffer tank can be adjusted. Then control the temperature of the cooling water in the buffer tank.
本实用新型中所述制冷模式多用于夏季工况，所述空调末端和所述船舶主辅机缸套冷却水冷却的冷源为LNG汽化时产生的冷能；所述供热模式多用于冬季工况，LNG汽化及冬季工况下所述空调末端的热源为LNG汽化燃烧后的余热；所述船舶主辅机缸套冷却水在***中作为能量载体，将LNG汽化燃烧后的余热运输到所述LNG梯级汽化器，为LNG汽化提供热量，同时将LNG汽化时产生的冷能运输到空调***，以实现LNG汽化时的冷能与燃烧时热能的综合利用。The cooling mode described in the utility model is mostly used in summer working conditions, and the cold source for cooling the air-conditioning terminal and the cooling water of the ship’s main and auxiliary engine cylinder jackets is the cold energy generated when LNG is vaporized; the heating mode is mostly used in winter Working conditions, LNG vaporization and winter working conditions, the heat source at the end of the air conditioner is the waste heat after LNG vaporization and combustion; the ship’s main and auxiliary engine cylinder liner cooling water is used as an energy carrier in the system to transport the waste heat after LNG vaporization and combustion to The LNG cascade vaporizer provides heat for LNG vaporization, and at the same time transports the cold energy generated during LNG vaporization to the air conditioning system, so as to realize the comprehensive utilization of cold energy during LNG vaporization and heat energy during combustion.
本实用新型的主要功能是将LNG汽化过程与船舶空调***供冷供热需求进行有机整合，利用LNG汽化时释放的大量冷能，作为船舶主辅机缸套冷却水冷却和夏季工况下船舶空调***的冷源；利用汽化后的LNG进入船舶主机动力***燃烧后产生的大量余热，作为LNG汽化和冬季工况下船舶空调***的热源，以达到能源利用效率的最优化。本实用新型只采用一个换热器即所述LNG梯级汽化器就可实现LNG的汽化，***简单，控制方便，且充分利用LNG的汽化冷能和燃烧热能，不以海水为热源，不但解决了常规LNG动力船舶运行时，LNG汽化直接与海水换热造成大量冷能浪费和船舶主辅机冷却***向大气或海洋排放的大量热能浪费及造成的海洋环境污染问题，同时通过有效余热及冷能回收，解决了LNG汽化问题，满足了船舶空调制冷和制热需求，突破LNG汽化量与空调需冷量不匹配和LNG汽化时间与用冷时间不同步的技术瓶颈，提出了一种低能耗、低排放和高能效的LNG动力船舶空调***。The main function of the utility model is to organically integrate the LNG vaporization process with the cooling and heating demand of the ship's air-conditioning system, and use the large amount of cold energy released during the LNG vaporization as the cooling water for the main and auxiliary engine cylinder jackets of the ship and to cool the ship under summer working conditions. The cold source of the air-conditioning system; use the large amount of waste heat generated after the vaporized LNG enters the main engine power system of the ship to be used as the heat source for the vaporization of LNG and the ship's air-conditioning system in winter conditions, so as to achieve the optimization of energy utilization efficiency. The utility model only uses one heat exchanger, that is, the LNG cascade vaporizer to realize the vaporization of LNG. The system is simple, the control is convenient, and the vaporization cold energy and combustion heat energy of LNG are fully utilized without using seawater as a heat source. When LNG-powered ships are running, LNG vaporization directly exchanges heat with seawater, resulting in a large amount of waste of cold energy and a large amount of waste of heat energy discharged to the atmosphere or ocean by the cooling system of the ship's main and auxiliary equipment, and the pollution of the marine environment. At the same time, through effective waste heat and cold energy recovery , solved the problem of LNG vaporization, met the refrigeration and heating needs of ship air conditioners, broke through the technical bottleneck of the mismatch between the amount of LNG vaporization and the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, and the asynchronous LNG vaporization time and cooling time, and proposed a low-energy, low-efficiency Emissions and energy efficient air conditioning systems for LNG powered ships.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型实施例***构成原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system composition principle of the embodiment of the utility model.
图2为本实用新型实施例控制方法流程框图。Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the control method of the embodiment of the utility model.
图中：1.缓冲罐，2.船舶主辅机，3.储液罐，4.热水泵，5.第一热水三通接头，6.第三热水调节阀，7.LNG梯级汽化器，8.冷却水三通调节阀，9.冷却水调节阀，10.三通接头，11.空调末端，12.四通接头，13.第二热水三通接头，14.第二热水调节阀，15.第一热水调节阀，16.储气罐，17.气体增压泵，18.第一换热介质调节阀，19.LNG储液罐，20.低温截止阀，21.截止阀。In the figure: 1. Buffer tank, 2. Main and auxiliary engines of the ship, 3. Liquid storage tank, 4. Hot water pump, 5. First hot water tee joint, 6. Third hot water regulating valve, 7. LNG cascade vaporizer , 8. Cooling water three-way regulating valve, 9. Cooling water regulating valve, 10. Three-way joint, 11. Air conditioning end, 12. Four-way joint, 13. Second hot water three-way joint, 14. Second hot water Regulating valve, 15. First hot water regulating valve, 16. Gas storage tank, 17. Gas booster pump, 18. First heat exchange medium regulating valve, 19. LNG liquid storage tank, 20. Low temperature cut-off valve, 21. Shut-off valve.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本实用新型作进一步的详细说明。The utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments of the description.
如图1所示：为了本实用新型的一种船用LNG汽化与空调集成***，包括LNG汽化回路、船舶主辅机缸套冷却水回路及船舶空调回路，其特征在于：所述LNG汽化回路包括通过管道依次连接的LNG储液罐19、低温截止阀20、LNG梯级汽化器7、截止阀21和船舶主辅机2供气***进气口i以及通过管道首尾依次连接装有第一换热介质的储气罐16、气体增压泵17、第一换热介质调节阀18和LNG梯级汽化器7；所述船舶主辅机缸套冷却水回路包括通过管道首尾依次连接的缓冲罐1、船舶主辅机2缸套、储液罐3、热水泵4、LNG梯级汽化器7，所述LNG梯级汽化器7上LNG入口为a，LNG出口为b，第一换热介质入口为c，第一换热介质出口为d，冷却水入口为e，冷却水出口为f，所述船舶主辅机2缸套冷却水入口为g，所述船舶主辅机2缸套冷却水出口为h；所述船舶空调回路包括制冷回路和制热回路，所述制冷回路包括通过管路依次连接的冷却水三通调节阀8、冷却水调节阀9、空调末端11和所述缓冲罐1入口，所述冷却水三通调节阀8设置在所述冷却水出口f与所述缓冲罐1之间，所述制热回路包括通过管路依次连接的第一热水三通接头5、第一热水调节阀15、所述空调末端11和所述缓冲罐1入口，所述第一热水三通接头5设置在所述热水泵4与所述冷却水入口e之间；所述第一热水三通接头5与所述第一热水调节阀15之间还设有第二热水三通接头13，所述第二热水三通接头13通过设置有第二热水调节阀14的管路与所述缓冲罐1入口连通。As shown in Figure 1: for a kind of marine LNG vaporization and air-conditioning integrated system of the present utility model, comprise LNG vaporization circuit, ship's main and auxiliary machine liner cooling water circuit and ship air conditioning circuit, it is characterized in that: described LNG vaporization circuit comprises The LNG liquid storage tank 19, the low temperature cut-off valve 20, the LNG cascade vaporizer 7, the cut-off valve 21 and the air inlet i of the gas supply system of the ship's main and auxiliary machinery 2 are sequentially connected through pipelines, and the first heat exchange medium is connected sequentially through the pipelines. The gas storage tank 16, the gas booster pump 17, the first heat exchange medium regulating valve 18 and the LNG cascade carburetor 7; the main and auxiliary engine cylinder liner cooling water circuit of the ship includes a buffer tank 1, a ship main Auxiliary machine 2 cylinder liners, liquid storage tank 3, hot water pump 4, LNG cascade vaporizer 7, the LNG inlet on the LNG cascade vaporizer 7 is a, the LNG outlet is b, the first heat exchange medium inlet is c, and the first heat exchange medium The outlet of the medium is d, the inlet of cooling water is e, the outlet of cooling water is f, the inlet of the cooling water of the 2-cylinder liner of the main and auxiliary engines of the ship is g, and the outlet of the cooling water of the 2-cylinder liners of the main and auxiliary engines of the ship is h; The air-conditioning circuit includes a refrigeration circuit and a heating circuit. The refrigeration circuit includes a cooling water three-way regulating valve 8, a cooling water regulating valve 9, an air-conditioning terminal 11 and the inlet of the buffer tank 1 connected in sequence through pipelines. The cooling water The three-way regulating valve 8 is arranged between the cooling water outlet f and the buffer tank 1, and the heating circuit includes a first hot water three-way joint 5 and a first hot water regulating valve 15 which are sequentially connected by pipelines. , the air conditioner terminal 11 and the buffer tank 1 inlet, the first hot water tee joint 5 is arranged between the hot water pump 4 and the cooling water inlet e; the first hot water tee joint 5 and the first hot water regulating valve 15 are also provided with a second hot water three-way joint 13, and the second hot water three-way joint 13 is connected to the pipeline provided with the second hot water regulating valve 14 The buffer tank 1 inlet is connected.
LNG经过所述LNG梯级汽化器7汽化成天然气后，经所述船舶主辅机2供气***进气口i进入动力***燃烧，为船舶提供动力。After the LNG is vaporized into natural gas through the LNG cascade carburetor 7, it enters the power system for combustion through the air inlet i of the gas supply system of the ship's main and auxiliary engine 2 to provide power for the ship.
所述缓冲罐1入口还设置有四通接头12，便于其入口的各个管路连接。The inlet of the buffer tank 1 is also provided with a four-way joint 12 to facilitate the connection of various pipelines at the inlet.
所述的LNG梯级汽化器7采用的第一换热介质为凝固点温度低于－163℃的流体。The first heat exchange medium used by the LNG cascade vaporizer 7 is a fluid whose freezing point temperature is lower than -163°C.
所述的LNG梯级汽化器7采用的第一换热介质为相变冷媒，优选为丙烷或R22。The first heat exchange medium used by the LNG cascade evaporator 7 is a phase-change refrigerant, preferably propane or R22.
第一热水三通接头5与所述的LNG梯级汽化器7冷却水入口e之间设有第三热水调节阀6。A third hot water regulating valve 6 is provided between the first hot water tee joint 5 and the cooling water inlet e of the LNG cascade vaporizer 7 .
所述空调末端11的入口设置有三通接头10，所述制冷回路和所述制热回路通过所述三通接头10与所述空调末端11的入口连接。The inlet of the air-conditioning terminal 11 is provided with a three-way joint 10 , and the refrigeration circuit and the heating circuit are connected to the inlet of the air-conditioning terminal 11 through the three-way joint 10 .
控制方法：Control Method:
如图2所示：本实用新型的一种船用LNG汽化与空调集成***的控制方法，包含以下三种模式：汽化模式，制冷模式和制热模式：As shown in Figure 2: a control method of a marine LNG vaporization and air-conditioning integrated system of the present invention includes the following three modes: vaporization mode, refrigeration mode and heating mode:
所述汽化模式：当不需要所述空调末端11制冷和制热时，将所述冷却水三通调节阀8调节至全部接通所述缓冲罐1，并关闭所述第一热水调节阀15和冷却水调节阀9，所述缓冲罐1内的低温冷却水经船舶主辅机2缸套吸收天然气燃烧后的余热成为高温冷却水进入所述储液罐3，由所述热水泵4加压后经所述第三热水调节阀6，通过所述冷却水入口为e进入所述LNG梯级汽化器7进行换热后降温为低温冷却水，由所述冷却水出口f流出，经所述冷却水三通调节阀8回到所述缓冲罐1，完成循环；同时，所述储气罐16中的第一换热介质由气体增压泵17提供动力，经所述第一换热介质调节阀18，通过所述第一换热介质入口c进入所述LNG梯级汽化器7，以相变形式进行换热，实现对LNG吸热汽化和对所述冷却水降温冷却后经所述第一换热介质出口d回到所述储气罐16，完成循环；通过调节所述第一换热介质调节阀18可调节所述第一换热介质的循环速度，进而控制所述LNG汽化的速度，通过调节所述第二热水调节阀14可以调节进入所述缓冲罐1的高温冷却水的量，进而控制所述缓冲罐1内冷却水的温度；从而保证所述缓冲罐1内进入所述船舶主辅机2缸套冷却水的温度始终处于合理范围内，防止进入所述船舶主辅机2的缸套的冷却水温度过低，造成船舶主机动力***的效率降低或损坏。The vaporization mode: when the cooling and heating of the air-conditioning terminal 11 is not required, the cooling water three-way regulating valve 8 is adjusted to fully connect the buffer tank 1, and the first hot water regulating valve is closed 15 and the cooling water regulating valve 9, the low-temperature cooling water in the buffer tank 1 absorbs the waste heat after natural gas combustion through the main and auxiliary engine 2 cylinder liners of the ship and becomes high-temperature cooling water, enters the liquid storage tank 3, and is fed by the hot water pump 4 After pressurization, pass through the third hot water regulating valve 6, enter the LNG cascade vaporizer 7 through the cooling water inlet e for heat exchange, then cool down to low-temperature cooling water, flow out from the cooling water outlet f, and pass through the The cooling water three-way regulating valve 8 returns to the buffer tank 1 to complete the cycle; at the same time, the first heat exchange medium in the gas storage tank 16 is powered by the gas booster pump 17 and passes through the first heat exchange medium. The medium regulating valve 18 enters the LNG cascade vaporizer 7 through the first heat exchange medium inlet c, and performs heat exchange in the form of phase change, so as to realize the endothermic vaporization of LNG and the cooling of the cooling water. A heat exchange medium outlet d returns to the gas storage tank 16 to complete the cycle; the circulation speed of the first heat exchange medium can be adjusted by adjusting the first heat exchange medium regulating valve 18, thereby controlling the vaporization of the LNG speed, the amount of high-temperature cooling water entering the buffer tank 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the second hot water regulating valve 14, and then control the temperature of the cooling water in the buffer tank 1; thus ensuring that the buffer tank 1 enters The temperature of the cooling water of the cylinder liner of the ship's main auxiliary engine 2 is always within a reasonable range, preventing the temperature of the cooling water entering the cylinder liner of the ship's main auxiliary engine 2 from being too low, resulting in reduced efficiency or damage to the power system of the ship's main engine.
所述制冷模式：当需要所述空调末端11制冷时，将所述冷却水三通调节阀8调节至部分或全部接通所述空调末端11，关小或关闭所述第一热水调节阀15，开大所述冷却水调节阀9，此时所述低温冷却水由所述冷却水出口f流出后会通过所述冷却水三通调节阀8部分或全部经所述冷却水调节阀9流入所述空调末端11释放冷量，起到制冷的效果，最后流回所述缓冲罐1，完成循环；通过调节冷却水三通调节阀8和所述冷却水调节阀9，可改变进入所述空调末端11的低温冷却水量，进而调整制冷效果，通过调节所述第一热水调节阀15可调节进入所述空调末端11的低温冷却水的温度，也可以调整制冷效果，同样通过调节所述第二热水调节阀14可以调节进入所述缓冲罐1的高温冷却水的量，进而控制所述缓冲罐1内冷却水的温度；The cooling mode: when the cooling of the air-conditioning terminal 11 is required, adjust the cooling water three-way regulating valve 8 to partially or fully connect the air-conditioning terminal 11, and turn down or close the first hot water regulating valve 15. Open the cooling water regulating valve 9, and at this time, the low-temperature cooling water flows out from the cooling water outlet f and will pass through the cooling water three-way regulating valve 8 partly or completely through the cooling water regulating valve 9 It flows into the air-conditioning terminal 11 to release cold energy, which has the effect of cooling, and finally flows back to the buffer tank 1 to complete the cycle; by adjusting the cooling water three-way regulating valve 8 and the cooling water regulating valve 9, the cooling water entering the cooling water can be changed. The amount of low-temperature cooling water at the air-conditioning terminal 11, and then adjust the cooling effect. By adjusting the first hot water regulating valve 15, the temperature of the low-temperature cooling water entering the air-conditioning terminal 11 can be adjusted, and the cooling effect can also be adjusted. Similarly, by adjusting the The second hot water regulating valve 14 can adjust the amount of high-temperature cooling water entering the buffer tank 1, and then control the temperature of the cooling water in the buffer tank 1;
所述制热模式：当需要所述空调末端11制热时，将所述冷却水三通调节阀8调节至部分或全部接通所述缓冲罐1，关小或关闭所述冷却水调节阀9，开大所述第一热水调节阀15，此时所述热水泵4出口的所述高温冷却水由所述第一热水三通接头5经所述第一热水调节阀15流入所述空调末端11释放热量，起到制热的效果，最后流回所述缓冲罐1，完成循环；通过调节所述第一热水调节阀15，可改变进入所述空调末端11的高温冷却水量，进而调整制热效果，通过调节所述冷却水调节阀9可调节进入所述空调末端11的高温冷却水的温度，也可以调整制热效果，同样通过调节所述第二热水调节阀14可以调节进入所述缓冲罐1的高温冷却水的量，进而控制所述缓冲罐1内冷却水的温度。The heating mode: when the air conditioner terminal 11 needs to be heated, adjust the cooling water three-way regulating valve 8 to partially or completely connect the buffer tank 1, and turn down or close the cooling water regulating valve 9. Open the first hot water regulating valve 15, at this time, the high-temperature cooling water at the outlet of the hot water pump 4 flows into the first hot water tee joint 5 through the first hot water regulating valve 15 The air-conditioning terminal 11 releases heat, which has the effect of heating, and finally flows back to the buffer tank 1 to complete the cycle; by adjusting the first hot water regulating valve 15, the high-temperature cooling water entering the air-conditioning terminal 11 can be changed. The amount of water, and then adjust the heating effect. By adjusting the cooling water regulating valve 9, the temperature of the high-temperature cooling water entering the air conditioner terminal 11 can be adjusted, and the heating effect can also be adjusted. Similarly, by adjusting the second hot water regulating valve 14 can adjust the amount of high-temperature cooling water entering the buffer tank 1, and then control the temperature of the cooling water in the buffer tank 1.
除上述实施例外，本实用新型还可以有其他实施方法，凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本实用新型要求的保护范围内。In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the utility model can also have other implementation methods, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation all fall within the scope of protection required by the utility model.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106394850A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-15 | 中山市蓝水能源科技发展有限公司 | Energy utilizing device of LNG (liquefied natural gas) ship |
| CN106440501A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-02-22 | 天津城建大学 | Running method of heat pump unit of energy-self-supplied gas engine |
| CN105716183B (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2018-07-06 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of LNG vaporization peculiar to vessel and air conditioner integration system and control method |
| CN110285636A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-27 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A Simultaneous Cooling System of LNG Cold Energy and Waste Heat Refrigeration of Waste Heat Boiler |
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2016
- 2016-04-13 CN CN201620307968.3U patent/CN205505271U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105716183B (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2018-07-06 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of LNG vaporization peculiar to vessel and air conditioner integration system and control method |
| CN106394850A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-15 | 中山市蓝水能源科技发展有限公司 | Energy utilizing device of LNG (liquefied natural gas) ship |
| CN106440501A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-02-22 | 天津城建大学 | Running method of heat pump unit of energy-self-supplied gas engine |
| CN106440501B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-10-23 | 天津城建大学 | A kind of energy automatically supplies gas-burning machine heat pump formula unit operation method |
| CN110285636A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-27 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A Simultaneous Cooling System of LNG Cold Energy and Waste Heat Refrigeration of Waste Heat Boiler |
| CN110285636B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2024-05-14 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | LNG cold energy and exhaust-heat boiler waste heat refrigeration's simultaneous cooling system |
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