CN201672913U - Micro-motion structure of transit instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of optical instruments and devices, in particular to a micro-motion structure of a transit instrument, overcomes the defects of overlarge volume, inconvenient carrying, low precision and high cost of the present fine regulating devices for microscopes.and provides the micro-motion structure of the transit instrument having small volume, convenient carrying, high precision and low cost. The micro-motion structure of the transit instrument comprises a turbine, a positioning seat, a shaft sleeve, a worm, a worm locking sleeve, wherein the lower part of the locating seat is rectangular; the upper part of the locating seat is a geometric figure formed by bending semicircular plate-like bodies; the turbine is circular-pad shaped and arranged in the locating seat concentrically with the semicircle on the upper part of the locating seat; the edge of the turbine is gear-shaped; the worm is arranged below the locating seat and is a three-section cylindrical structure having thin ends and a thick middle part; and raised threads are formed on the middle part of the worm and clutched with a gear on the edge of the turbine.

Description

Transit fine motion structure

Technical field

The utility model relates to the optical instrumentation field, and what be specifically related to is transit fine motion structure.

Background technology

Equatorial armillary sphere is one of eight large-scale casting in bronze astronomical instruments of Qing Dynasty's manufacturing, also is the important ancient astronomical observation instrument of China.Made in 1673, and weighed 2720 kilograms, still be kept in good condition on the observation platform of Beijing Ancient Observatory so far.

Whole observation part is made up of three big rings and a bearing.Outmost big ring is called " meridian circle ", is positive North and South direction on end, and there is index dial on the two sides.Middle annulus is high in the south and low in the north, and is parallel with celestial equator, therefore, is called " equator ring ".Be carved with 24 big lattice on the anchor ring equably, represent 24 hours, each big lattice is divided into 4 little lattice again, represent 15 minutes, the central vertical of anchor ring ground bearing on end is called " pole axis " under the line, link to each other with meridian circle, some energized north celestial poles up, some energized south celestial poles down, and supporting by two quadrant arcs that stretch out in the South Pole.The annulus of the inside is called " right ascension ring ", can also rotate around pole axis.

Whole observation part is embedded in the semicircle cloud seat, and Black Dragon upright by north and south, that hold head high to repair tail holds up, and four sharp claws of dragon catch following cross to hand over an end of beam respectively, and every end all is equipped with the bolt of adjusting the instrument level.This instrument is mainly used in the position of celestial bodies such as measuring fixed star and the sun, the moon, planet.

Long 2.3 meters of equatorial armillary sphere, wide 1.78 meters, high 3.2 meters, heavily about 2720 kilograms.

This instrument is the instrument that often uses in the Ancient Times in China astronomical sight, and purposes has 14, is mainly used to right ascension, the declination of true solar time and celestial body.This instrument was once plunderred to French Embassy in China by French invader in 1900, and the back was given back China under the pressure of world opinion in 1902, was reinstalled on the origin-location.

Along with the progress in epoch, transit has also had very big progress, and present transit is different according to circular graduation and reading mode, is divided into vernier theodolite, optical theodolite and electronic theodolite.China mainly uses optical theodolite and electronic theodolite at present, and vernier theodolite is eliminated already.

The horizontal dial and the altitude circle of optics longitude and latitude are made with glass, are carved with equally spaced division line at all Ei edge on scale plane, two adjacent division line spacings right central angle be called the scale value of scale, claim the minimum scale division value of scale again.Generally determine precision, be divided into the size of scale value:

DJ6 scale scale value be 1 ° of DJ2 scale scale value be 20 ' DJ1 (T3) scale scale value be 4 '; By precision from high precision to low precision branch: DJ07, DJ1, DJ2, DJ6, DJ30 etc. (D, J are respectively the initial of the earth and transit) transit is to be used to the fine measuring instrument that takes measurement of an angle in the measuring task, can be used to take measurement of an angle, engineering setting out and rough distance measure.A whole set of instrument is made up of instrument, foot rest portion two parts.

Use and lift row (coordinate that known A, B is asked for the C point coordinate) at 2:

Be a bit to set up instrument (with instrument stand be located at A point be row) among A, the B at known coordinate at 2, finish and settle the fundamental operation of centering to aim at another known point (B point) later on, according to oneself needs configuration reading 1 and record, sight C point (unknown point) then and read reading 2 once more then.Reading 2 both had been the angle value of angle BAC with the difference of reading 1, accurately measured the distance of AC, BC again, just can calculate the accurate coordinates that C is ordered with mathematical method.

On the building site of some construction projects, we can often see that some technician's framves an instrument and carrying out surveying work, and their employed instrument is exactly a transit.Invention and navigation that transit is initial have confidential relation.In 15,16th century, some developed countries such as Britain, France are because the reason of navigation and war needs to draw various maps, sea chart.What map making used the earliest is triangulation, is exactly according to the observed result on two known points, obtains position thirdly, distant place, but owing to there is not suitable instrument, cause the measurement of angle means limited, precision is not high, and the topomap precision of drawing out thus is not high yet.And the invention of transit has improved the accuracy of observation of angle, has simplified the process of measurements and calculations simultaneously, also provides more accurate data for map making.Transit was widely used in the measurement of every engineering construction afterwards.Transit comprises pedestal, scale (horizontal dial and altitude circle) and three parts of alidade.Pedestal is used for supporting whole instrument.Horizontal dial is used for measuring horizontal angle.Telescope, level tube and reading device or the like are arranged on the alidade.

Transit is the main angle measuring instrument in the surveying work.Form by telescope, horizontal dial, altitude circle, level, pedestal etc.During measurement, transit is placed on the tripod, centre is aimed on the survey station point of ground, instrument is allocated, use the collimation telescope measurement target, measure horizontal angle and vertical angle with horizontal dial and altitude circle with level with plumb bob or optical plummet.Be divided into precision theodolite and plain transit by precision; Can be divided into optical theodolite and vernier theodolite by reading device; Be divided into repeating theodolite and direction theodolite by the axle series structure.In addition, the coded circle transit that can write down circle reading automatically by the coding perforation is arranged; Can continuously automatic aiming aerial target from the motion tracking transit; Utilize independent rapidly gyro-theodolite and the laser transit of measuring the ground point orientation of gyrocompassing principle; Universal theodolite with transit, astronomical transit and three kinds of effects of zenith instrument for astronomical sight; With video camera and the transit photogoniometer used for terrestrial photogrammetry etc. that combines.

The using method of transit is as follows:

1) the isometric and suitable operator's height of tripod furnishing is fixed on instrument on the tripod, makes the instrument base face parallel with end face on the tripod.

2) the instrument dance is placed on the survey station, visual estimation is roughly after the centering, step on a steady frame pin, mix up optical centering device eyepiece (seeing crosshair clearly) and object lens (seeing the survey station point clearly), with the hands respectively propose a frame pin all around swing, observe centralizer the crosshair intersection point is overlapped with survey station point, put surely and tread the frame pin.

3) the long leveling of extension tripod leg circular bubble.

4) level tube parallel two is allocated spiral, the leveling level tube.

5) alidade 90 degree of flatting turn flattens level tube with the 3rd spiral.

6) check optics centering, if small deviation is arranged, can open and connect the spiral translation base, make its accurate centering, screw the connection spiral, it is placed in the middle to reexamine leveling bubble.

In existing transit, when proceeding to the 3rd step of operation, all can run into a problem, that is exactly, during the long leveling of extension tripod leg circular bubble, the centering of instrument changes very little, causes flattening course and time lengthening, increased operation easier, traditional transit, volume are all rather huge, are not easy to carry, precision neither be very high, and cost is very expensive.

Transit in use, as long as its observation angle carries out small adjustment, will huge change in location take place on one's body in object being observed, so the precise and tiny degree of transit angular setting, directly determined accuracy of observation, a kind of fine tuning structure of the prior art all is by constituting than complex mechanical construction, and is bulky, cost an arm and a leg, be not easy to carry, how better improve the accuracy of observation of transit with simple instrument, be the target that the various countries scientist pursues always.

The utility model content

In order to overcome existing microscope micromatic setting, volume is too huge, is not easy to carry, precision neither be very high, the deficiency that cost is very expensive, and the purpose of this utility model is: provide a kind of volume small and exquisite, be easy to carry, precision is higher, the transit fine motion structure of low cost.

The technical scheme that its technical matters that solves the utility model adopts is as follows: a kind of transit fine motion structure, it comprises turbine, positioning seat, axle sleeve, worm screw, the worm screw lock sleeve, described positioning seat is that the bottom is a rectangular parallelepiped, the geometric figure that top combines for the tabular body that bends semicircular in shape, turbine is the circular discoid body, be concentric with positioning seat the first half semicircle and be installed in positioning seat inside, the turbine edge is a gear-like, worm screw is installed in the positioning seat bottom, for two ends thin, middle thick syllogic column structure, there is the screw thread of projection at the worm screw middle part, the gear interlock at screw thread and turbine edge, axle sleeve is the hollow and annular body, is fixedly mounted on the positioning seat, the thin part of worm screw front end is inserted in the axle sleeve hollow space, the worm screw lock sleeve is two sections stepped appearance hollow and annular bodies, inserts by positioning seat is outside, and in the thin part in worm screw rear portion is socketed in.

Also comprise the fine motion handwheel, the fine motion handwheel is two sections stepped right cylinders that formation is inwardly shunk at the top, is installed in worm screw afterbody top.

Rotation fine motion handwheel, make worm screw that the interlock rotation take place, the screw thread at worm screw middle part because of with the gear interlock of turbine edge, and make the turbine edge betide the change in location that the worm thread displacement equates, the change in location that this section turbine edge takes place feeds back to the turbine shaft core position, will become and trickle angle changes, thereby reach the fine motion purpose of expection, every transit is made up of two groups of fine motion structures.Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1. present technique adopts less parts to reach jiggle effect preferably, compares traditional transit volume and can reduce significantly, and transit is easy to carry more.

2. present technique makes lifter plate center on lifter plate holder generation micro-displacement by the rotation of fine motion nut in use, makes thimble drive lifting slider generation micro-displacement, and jiggle effect is more remarkable than traditional transit.

3. because present technique uses less components to realize, reduced production cost, allowed the price of transit fine motion structure be that more user accepts.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that the sectional structure synoptic diagram is decomposed in the side of the utility model transit fine motion structure

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further specified, but not as to qualification of the present utility model.

See also the embodiment of the utility model transit fine motion structure shown in Figure 1, a kind of transit fine motion structure, comprise turbine 1, positioning seat 2, axle sleeve 3, worm screw 4, worm screw lock sleeve 5, positioning seat 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped for the bottom, the geometric figure that top combines for the tabular body that bends semicircular in shape, turbine 1 is the circular discoid body, be concentric with positioning seat 2 the first half semicircles and be installed in positioning seat 2 inside, turbine 1 edge is a gear-like, worm screw 4 is installed in positioning seat 2 bottoms, for two ends thin, middle thick syllogic column structure, there are the screw thread of projection, the gear interlock at screw thread and turbine 1 edge in worm screw 4 middle parts, axle sleeve is the hollow and annular body, be fixedly mounted on the positioning seat, the thin part of worm screw 4 front ends is inserted in axle sleeve 3 hollow spaces, and worm screw lock sleeve 5 is two sections stepped appearance hollow and annular bodies, insert by positioning seat 2 is outside, and in the thin part in worm screw 4 rear portions is socketed in.

Also comprise fine motion handwheel 6, fine motion handwheel 6 is two sections stepped right cylinders that formation is inwardly shunk at the top, is installed in worm screw 4 afterbody tops.

Above-described embodiment, the utility model embodiment a kind of more preferably just, the common variation that those skilled in the art carries out in the technical solutions of the utility model scope and replacing all should be included in the protection domain of the present utility model.

Claims (2)

1. transit fine motion structure, it is characterized in that: it comprises turbine, positioning seat, axle sleeve, worm screw, the worm screw lock sleeve, described positioning seat is that the bottom is a rectangular parallelepiped, the geometric figure that top combines for the tabular body that bends semicircular in shape, turbine is the circular discoid body, be concentric with positioning seat the first half semicircle and be installed in positioning seat inside, the turbine edge is a gear-like, worm screw is installed in the positioning seat bottom, for two ends thin, middle thick syllogic column structure, there is the screw thread of projection at the worm screw middle part, the gear interlock at screw thread and turbine edge, axle sleeve is the hollow and annular body, is fixedly mounted on the positioning seat, the thin part of worm screw front end is inserted in the axle sleeve hollow space, the worm screw lock sleeve is two sections stepped appearance hollow and annular bodies, inserts by positioning seat is outside, and in the thin part in worm screw rear portion is socketed in.

2. transit fine motion structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise the fine motion handwheel, described fine motion handwheel is two sections stepped right cylinders that formation is inwardly shunk at the top, is installed in worm screw afterbody top.

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