CN1612804A - 抗微生物医用器材、抗微生物聚合物涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
抗微生物医用器材、抗微生物聚合物涂层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了抗微生物的医用器材和制备这些医用器材的方法。在所述器材的至少一部分表面上涂覆一层底涂层。该底涂层包括保持在所述底涂层中的一种或多种类型的抗微生物颗粒。在至少一部分所述底涂层上涂覆聚合物顶涂层。所述顶涂层可为有机可溶性聚合物、水溶性聚合物、水凝胶或能够涂覆在医用器材上的任何其它聚合物。所述顶涂层的聚合物可溶解于在涂覆顶涂层过程中不溶解聚合物底涂层的溶剂中。通过在罩涂过程中不溶解所述底涂层,所述顶涂层保持不含抗微生物颗粒。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及人或动物内用或外用的带涂层的抗微生物医用器材,和这些医用器材的制备方法。
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明与2001年12月3日申请的US临时申请60/336755相关,并要求其中请日利益,通过引用将其结合在这里。
发明背景
病人治疗用的医用器材可成为在这些病人中的微生物(细菌或真菌)感染源。例如,在病人体内***或植入导管可引入微生物,和/或当长时间留在原处时,在长时间将导管出口部位暴露于环境的过程中可能引入微生物。另外,长时间使用导管经常在导管表面上产生生物膜,其促进感染的发生,而感染可引起病人不适和危及病人健康。
通过在医用器材上结合抗菌剂可防止微生物感染。例如,US专利5476509公开了一种具有聚合物涂层的导管,所述涂层具有与之共价或离子键合的抗菌素。类似的,US专利5798115公开了一种具有聚合物涂层的导管,所述涂层具有共价键合到所述聚合物主链上的抗菌素。长期与这些导管接触的细菌可被杀灭。然而,这些导管对于杀灭在***导管过程中引入到身体中的细菌是无效的。由于抗菌素附着在导管上,细菌可离开导管以逃避抗菌素的作用。
在US专利5019096中叙述了一种涂覆有形成基质的聚合物的抗微生物导管,在所述聚合物涂层中引入了一种抗菌剂。因为所述抗菌素不是与所述聚合物共价键合,它能够自所述导管扩散来攻击在周围区域中的生物体。
但是,通过不溶性颗粒(即不溶于用于涂覆医用器材的溶剂中的颗粒)将抗菌剂引入到医用器材涂层中产生了令人不满意的效果,特别是当使用浸涂或喷雾涂覆技术来涂覆医用器材时。例如,不溶性抗菌剂颗粒趋向于从涂覆过程中使用的溶液中沉降出来。当颗粒从溶液中沉降出来时,在所得涂层中的抗微生物颗粒的浓度在制备过程中随时间推移而降低,从而降低了生产者控制在所述器材上的抗菌剂浓度的能力。
另外,所述抗微生物颗粒可在涂覆溶液中聚集成较大的颗粒(从尺寸小于4微米至尺寸为10至100微米或更大)。这可产生大至足以在涂覆过的器材表面被感觉到的颗粒,而且如果其足够大,这些聚集的颗粒可导致病人不适。例如,在将福利导尿管***到尿道中时,大于约50微米的颗粒通常可被病人感觉到。
小于50微米的颗粒也可产生问题。虽然10至50微米范围的较小颗粒不易被病人感觉到,但显微检测表明,这些颗粒产生不平的或微观粗糙的涂层表面。微观粗糙的表面具有比光滑涂覆的表面更高的表面积,并且这往往增加细菌和其它微生物的附着性。附着微生物的增加的表面积和由于粗糙的导管表面所致的增加的组织刺激显著降低了所述抗微生物涂层抵御感染的能力。因而,需要消除不溶性抗微生物颗粒的聚集对带涂层的医用器材的性能可能产生的潜在不利影响。
与不溶性抗微生物颗粒相关的问题特别与涂覆在导管,尤其是福利导尿管上的抗菌素涂层相关。
发明简述
为解决与在医用器材涂层中引入一种或多种类型的抗微生物颗粒有关的问题,本发明提供了抗微生物的医用器材和制备这些医用器材的方法。
在第一方面中,本发明提供了一种抗微生物的医用器材。一层底涂层涂覆在所述器材的至少一部分表面上。所述底涂层可以是能够被涂覆在医用器材上的任何聚合物材料。
所述底涂层包括保持在该底涂层中的一种或多种类型的抗微生物颗粒。所述颗粒可以是不溶性的抗微生物颗粒,当所述涂层与含水流体接触时,所述抗微生物颗粒能够释放出可诱导微生物停滞(stasis)或表现出杀微生物效果的试剂。“不溶性”是指这些抗微生物颗粒不能溶解于本发明所使用的溶剂体系中。
在至少一部分所述底涂层上涂覆聚合物顶涂层。所述顶涂层可以是可溶于有机物中的聚合物、水溶性聚合物、水凝胶或能够涂覆在医用器材上的任何其它聚合物。顶涂层的聚合物在顶涂层涂覆过程中可溶于不能溶解聚合物底涂层的溶剂中。因而,顶涂层保持基本不上含抗微生物颗粒。这通过避免与抗微生物颗粒聚集和不平或微观粗糙的涂层表面有关的以上讨论的问题,给病人提供了增加的舒适性。
在第二方面中,本发明提供了抗微生物的聚合物涂层。这种涂层具有包含一种或多种类型的抗微生物颗粒的聚合物底涂层。聚合物顶涂层被涂覆在至少一部分底涂层上,并且通过在顶涂层涂覆过程中不溶解所述底涂层而保持基本不上含抗微生物颗粒。
在第三方面中,本发明提供了一种制备抗微生物的医用器材的方法。按照这种方法,提供了一种医用器材。将第一聚合物溶解在第一聚合物溶液中。将一种或多种抗微生物颗粒分散在所述第一聚合物溶液中,以形成第一涂覆溶液。将所述第一涂覆溶液涂覆在至少一部分医用器材上以形成一种底涂层。这种涂覆可是喷涂或浸涂中的任一种。然后,将第二聚合物溶解在第二溶剂体系中,以形成第二涂覆溶液。在将顶涂层涂覆在所述医用器材上的过程中,这种第二溶剂体系在通常的作用时间内不溶解所述的底涂层。涂覆第二涂层以覆盖至少一部分所述底涂层,从而形成保持基本不上含抗微生物颗粒的顶涂层。这种涂覆也可以是喷涂或浸涂中的任一种。
在第四方面中,本发明提供了一种在抗微生物的医用器材上涂覆顶涂层的方法。按照这种方法,提供了一种抗微生物的医用器材(即,至少部分被聚合物底涂层包覆的器材,该聚合物底涂层具有在该底涂层中的一种或多种抗微生物颗粒)。然后,将顶涂层聚合物溶解在一种溶剂体系中,在将顶涂层涂覆在所述医用器材上的过程中,所述溶剂体系不溶解所述的底涂层。涂布所述顶涂层聚合物以覆盖至少一部分所述抗微生物的医用器材。所述顶涂层基本上不含抗微生物颗粒。在涂覆顶涂层过程中,所述底涂层不溶解。
如上所述形成的医用器材具有降低的微观粗糙度,因为在顶涂层覆盖处,不会裸露抗微生物颗粒。另外,所述顶涂层可提供滑润性和病人舒适性,并能控制抗菌剂的释放。
发明的详细说明
本发明的抗微生物的医用器材包括具有一种或多种类型的抗微生物颗粒的底涂层和提供在至少一部分所述底涂层上的顶涂层。
医用器材是接触病人或用于健康保健的任何制品,并可以是内用的或外用的。所述医用器材可由各种天然或合成材料来制备,所述材料例如是胶乳、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、ABS聚合物、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、合成橡胶、不锈钢、陶瓷如氧化铝和玻璃、和聚硅氧烷。
例举性的、非限定性的实例包括套管、导管、避孕套、隐形眼镜、气管内和胃肠饲管以及其它管、移植物、导线、植入装置、宫内节育器、医用手套、氧合器和肾膜(kidney membranes)、起搏器导联、蠕动泵室、分流器(shunts)、支架和缝合线。
所述抗微生物颗粒可以是当以有效量存在时释放出能够诱导微生物停滞或表现出杀微生物作用的试剂的任何物质。确定微生物停滞或杀微生物作用的方法是本领域中公知的,包括例如测量带涂层的导管提取物的最小抑制浓度、抑制试验区和细菌粘附试验,对所有试验使用公知的临床病原体。
所述抗微生物颗粒可是具有微动性能的金属和金属盐、氧化物和络合物,如铝、锑、铋、铈、铜、金、铱、镁、汞、钯、铂、银、锡和锌及它们的盐、氧化物、络合物和它们的混合物。所述抗微生物颗粒可是相同的物质(如银沸石)或可是不同的(如银沸石和碘化银的混合物)。所述颗粒可具有高达约100微米的平均颗粒大小。优选所述抗微生物颗粒具有的平均颗粒大小小于约10微米,最优选小于约4微米。
例如,所述抗微生物颗粒包括但不限于:铜及其盐,如乙酸铜、氯化铜、溴化铜、氯酸铜、高氯酸铜、亚硝酸铜和硝酸铜、硫酸铜,及其它铜盐和络合物,和银及其盐,如乙酸银、苯甲酸银、氯化银、碳酸银、碘酸银、碘化银、乳酸银、月桂酸银、氧化银、棕榈酸银、蛋白银、磺胺嘧啶银、氯化银/二氧化钛络合物、银沸石,及其它银盐和络合物。还可使用其它非含铜和非含银的抗微生物颗粒。
在某些实施方案中,所述抗微生物颗粒可具有大于50微米的平均颗粒大小。虽然通常优选抗微生物颗粒的平均颗粒大小小于约4微米,但在某些情况下,在底涂层中引入这种较大的抗微生物颗粒可能是有利的。通过使用顶涂层,在仍然充许使用这种较大的抗微生物颗粒的条件下,提供了提高的病人舒适性。
所述底涂层可以是能够涂覆在医用器材表面上并能够引入抗微生物颗粒的任何聚合物。底涂层聚合物包括有机可溶性聚合物、水溶性聚合物和水凝胶。用于底涂层的聚合物的例举性实例是聚氨酯、聚脲、聚氨酯-脲、丙烯酸类共聚物、它们的组合物和/或由它们衍生的嵌段共聚物。聚氨酯底涂层的实例公开在US专利3822238;3975350;4156066;4156067;4255550;4359558;4729914;4789720和4810543中,所述专利结合在这里。
可通过浸涂将所述底涂层涂覆在所述医用器材上。难以涂覆的聚合物(即聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚四氟乙烯)也可用于本发明。所述聚合物底涂层可呈预先形成的聚合物来涂覆,或者可通过在医用器材表面上对单体进行聚合来得到。
所述顶涂层也是一种聚合物,并涂覆在含抗微生物颗粒的至少一部分底涂层上。所述顶涂层可以是任何有机可溶性聚合物、水溶性聚合物、水凝胶或能够涂覆在医用器材上的任何其它聚合物。可接受的聚合物包括如下聚合物材料:聚氨酯、聚氨酯-脲、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚环氧乙烷、聚丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、葡聚糖和其它多糖、淀粉、瓜耳胶、黄原胶和其它胶和增稠剂、胶原、明胶和其它生物聚合物。几乎任何可溶解于溶剂中的亲水性聚合物都可用于所述顶涂层。
水凝胶优选具有约25wt%至约500wt%、更优选具有约50wt%至约200wt%、最优选具有约75wt%至约150wt%的水保留量。所述水凝胶可衍生自水溶性聚合物,所述水溶性聚合物包括但非仅限于聚(环氧乙烷)、聚(乙二醇)、聚(乙烯醇)、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚(乙基噁唑啉)、聚氨基酸、假聚氨基酸,以及这些物质互相或与其它水溶性聚合物的混合物。
这些水溶性水凝胶聚合物可与第二种聚合物络合、共价连接或共聚合,所述第二种聚合物是例如聚氨酯、聚脲或聚氨酯-脲,以及这些物质互相或与其它聚合物的混合物。所述第二种聚合物可以以预先形成的聚合物的形式添加,或者其可在水溶性聚合物存在下由单体聚合来得到。所述聚合反应可在对基材涂覆之前或之后进行。
另外,与底涂层聚合物相似,所述顶涂层聚合物对由抗微生物颗粒释放的试剂而言是可渗透或半渗透的。为了提供抗微生物性,所述抗微生物颗粒向周围流体或组织中释放抗菌剂。
再有,选择顶涂层聚合物,使得在涂覆过程中顶涂层能够溶解在一种溶剂体系中,而该溶剂体系在正常涂覆过程中不能溶解所述底涂层。例如,所述底涂层可以是不溶于醇中的聚氨酯树脂,而顶涂层可是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,一种醇溶性聚合物。
虽然在浸涂过程中底涂层不溶于顶涂层溶剂体系中,但它应充分溶胀以在所述底涂层和顶涂层之间形成互穿网络。这提供了涂层粘合力。但是,所述底涂层不应溶解或向顶涂层释出任何显著数量的抗微生物颗粒。如在所述顶涂层中存在,所述抗微生物颗粒不应通过造成不平或微观粗糙的器材表面而损害病人的舒适性。如下所述,消除或至少减少抗微生物颗粒浸出到顶涂层溶液中还使制备更容易。
如本领域技术人员可理解的,用于所述底涂层或顶涂层的溶剂体系包括在适当的工艺条件下能够溶解这些聚合物的任何有机或无机溶剂、水基溶剂或这些物质的组合。溶剂的非限定性实例包括丙酮、乙腈、苯胺、苯、丁醇、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、氯仿、环己烷、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、二噁烷、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙二醇、己烷、异丙醇、甲醇、二溴甲烷、二氯甲烷、甲乙酮、硝基乙烷、吡啶、四氢呋喃、1,2,3,4-四氢化萘、甲苯、三氯乙烯和水。
本发明的医用器材通过在所述器材上涂覆包括抗微生物颗粒的聚合物底涂层、然后用聚合物在所述器材上涂覆顶涂层来制备,所述顶涂层聚合物的选择使得它可溶解在在溶液涂覆过程中不溶解所述底涂层的溶剂中。
通过本领域已知的方法来涂覆所述底涂层,包括浸涂和喷涂。通常,这些方法包括将一种聚合物溶解于一种溶剂体系中,将抗微生物颗粒分散于所得到的聚合物溶液中,和然后将该聚合物溶液浸涂或喷涂在医用器材上。然后,使带有底涂层的医用器材干燥,所述干燥在室温或控制的温度下或这两种条件下进行。
以前,将顶涂层涂覆在这种带有底涂层的医用器材上一直是有问题的。尤其是,当浸涂一系列医用器材时,如果底涂层在被涂以顶涂层时甚至是微量的溶解,则抗微生物颗粒可能会在顶涂层涂料中积累。如发生这种情况,则所述抗微生物颗粒将开始聚集在顶涂层溶液中,随着被浸涂的器材数量的增加,导致在顶涂层中抗微生物颗粒浓度增加。另外,被萃取到顶涂层溶液中的抗微生物颗粒可以在顶涂层中聚集成较大的颗粒,引起微观粗糙。结果,当底涂层溶解于顶涂层溶液中时,必须更经常地更换顶涂层溶液。因此,本发明减少了制造成本并通过避免这些问题使制造更容易。
再者,如果在浸涂过程中聚合物底涂层溶解(即进入顶涂层溶液),顶涂层的性能会受到不良影响。例如,如果底涂层在湿态时不是润滑的,则它可能减少湿态润滑的顶涂层的润滑度,因为其在顶涂层中的浓度随着浸到顶涂层溶液中的带有底涂层的医用器材数量的增加而增加。
为解决这些问题,通过溶液涂覆来将顶涂层涂覆在所述底涂层上,且选择顶涂层的聚合物使得它能够溶解于在溶液涂覆过程中不溶解所述底涂层的溶剂中。如同底涂层那样,一旦医用器材涂覆了顶涂层后,就使其干燥。如上所述,所述顶涂层可通过浸涂或喷涂来进行涂覆。在所述涂覆过程中,所述底涂层不会由于暴露于顶涂层溶剂而溶解。
例如,底涂层使用在含有50%以上变性乙醇的溶剂体系中不溶解的聚氨酯。通过能够溶解在含有85%变性乙醇的溶剂体系中的很亲水的聚氨酯来形成顶涂层。在这种实施方案中,所述顶涂层溶解于含有足够的对底涂层为非溶剂的乙醇的溶剂体系中,当进行顶涂层涂覆时所述非溶剂不溶解所述底涂层。
当亲水性聚合物用于顶涂层时,带有顶涂层的抗微生物医用器材提供了医用器材的增加的表面润滑度和降低的表面积(与底涂层相比)。因而,实现了增加的病人舒适性、降低的组织刺激性和增加的抗微生物有效性。另外,与先前在需要润滑的器材表面的情况下所允许的相比,顶涂层使得可使用更坚固、亲水性更小的底涂层材料。再有,通过选择用于底涂层和顶涂层的聚合物,可改变或控制抗微生物剂的释放速率。
使用顶涂层以及含有抗微生物颗粒的底涂层减少了对底涂层表面粗糙度的关切。因而,在某些实施方案中,在底涂层中存在高浓度的抗微生物颗粒。在所述底涂层中可使用任何浓度的抗微生物颗粒,只要在所述底涂层中有足够的聚合物来将所述颗粒保持在原位。例如,所述底涂层可具有浓度高达约75wt%,更优选高达约50wt%,最优选约30至约50wt%的抗微生物颗粒。
在某些实施方案中,可在医用器材上提供多于一层的顶涂层和一层底涂层。例如,可在医用器材上提供两层顶涂层。在一种这样的实施方案中,可给导管提供设计用来控制抗菌剂自所述底涂层释出速率的第一聚合物顶涂层,和然后提供设计用来使病人舒适性最大化的第二层聚合物顶涂层。另外,所述第一聚合物顶涂层可设计用来使所述底涂层与第二聚合物顶涂层相容。当在无中间的第一聚合物顶涂层情况下所述底涂层与所述第二聚合物顶涂层不能充分互相粘附时,这可能是有利的。
在其它实施方案中,医用器材可具有两层底涂层。这可允许例如在所述两层底涂层中使用两种不同的抗微生物颗粒,当这些抗微生物颗粒不能被用在一个底涂层中时。第一层底涂层可具有一种类型的金属抗微生物颗粒,而第二层底涂层可具有不同类型的金属抗微生物颗粒。当这两种类型的金属抗微生物颗粒置于导电流体(如在各种体流体中)中时,产生原电池。一种金属抗微生物颗粒起阳极作用,第二种金属抗微生物颗粒起阴极作用,以驱动所述电化学池。例如,如果在一个底涂层中使用铜基颗粒并在另一个底涂层中使用银基颗粒,则铜基颗粒起阳极作用,向电解质中释出Cu+离子。更贵的金属银起阴极作用,其不离子化。有利地,与仅使用一种类型的金属抗微生物颗粒相比,这种布置迫使Cu+离子以更大的速率进入周围环境。因此,这是改变或控制抗微生物剂自所述医用器材释出的速率的另一种途径。
可在上述的医用器材中结合各种治疗剂。可给导管提供一种或多种附加的治疗剂。例如,可将液体或固体的可溶性抗微生物剂、抗生素或抗凝血剂单独或呈组合形式结合到顶涂层或底涂层中。另外,还可使用填料、补充剂、熔体流动添加剂、干燥流动添加剂、颜料和其它添加剂,来提高医用器材的具体的物理性能、美感、耐久性或其它属性。
提供如下实施例来举例说明本发明,但无论如何其不应认为是对本发明范围的限制。本领域技术人员会认识到,在不偏离本发明实质的前提下可做出许多改变和替代。因此,应当指出,本发明不局限于这里公开的实施方案,而是应从如下权利要求来理解,所述权利要求应以法律充许的最宽范围来解释。
实施例1
按下述来制备底涂层。通过混合56.25%四氢呋喃(THF)、25%二溴甲烷和18.75%变性乙醇来形成一种溶剂体系。将聚氨酯树脂(由CardioTech International of Woburn,Massachusetts以商标名HMBU出售)以溶液总重量的3.6%的浓度溶解于该溶剂体系中。
将银沸石颗粒(由Applied Surface Technology,Inc.ofLouisville,Kentucky以商标名AGION出售)以干燥涂层重量(HMBU与AGION的总重量)的40%的浓度在所述底涂层溶液中分散总共44分钟。
所述底涂层溶液保持在约23℃温度下,并通过以每分钟40英寸(ipm)的控制速度浸入所述涂覆溶液、允许在所述溶液中溶胀10秒钟并以17ipm的速度从所述溶液中取出,将所述底涂层溶液涂覆在16Fr福利导尿管(由C.R.Bard,Inc.以商标名BARDBX出售)上。
将第二种聚氨酯(由CardioTech以商标名HydroMed D6/40TM出售)在约40℃温度下溶解于15%THF和85%变性乙醇的溶剂体系中,冷却,并保持在约25℃的温度下,以使HydroMed D6/40TM保持在溶液中。然后,通过以40ipm的速度浸入所述溶液、不在溶液中溶胀、并以17ipm的速度取出,对带有底涂层的导管进行顶涂层涂覆。
所述顶涂层溶液产生对涂层粘合力来说足够的底涂层溶胀,但不溶解或侵蚀所述底涂层。与未涂覆顶涂层的导管相比,带有顶涂层的导管具有降低的微观粗糙度,并在所述导管的内表面和外表面上具有光滑和湿态润滑的涂层。
在与含水流体接触时,如上所述涂覆的导管吸收水分,并且摸起来变得润滑或平滑。涂层的润滑度可通过摩擦系数(COF)试验来测量。
测试如实施例1所述制备的导管的COF。将一对导管间隔2英寸彼此平行设置在水槽中,将包有纤维素膜的400g不锈钢滑板沿平行于所述导管长度的导管轴由漏斗端拉向尖端。在所述导管长度上对拉动所述滑板所需的力进行平均,将这一力除以滑板的重量得到无单位的COF值。
为评价涂层的润滑度和耐久性,在试验过程中将导管在约37℃下在去离子水中培养。在一小时后和在1、7、14和21天后测量COF。
在培养一小时后,实施例1的导管具有的COF为0.06。优选所述一小时的COF为约0.02至约0.15,最优选为约0.02至约0.08。
测量在21天中COF的改变来评价实施例1的导管的耐久性。一般地,如果在21天的试验过程中COF增加很小,则证明了耐久性。实施例1的导管在21天时具有的COF为0.08,而在一小时的读数为0.06。这被认为是耐久的。
Claims (21)
1.一种抗微生物医用器材,包含:
基材;
涂覆在至少一部分所述基材上的聚合物底涂层;
分散在所述底涂层中的至少一种类型的抗微生物颗粒;和
位于至少一部分所述底涂层上的聚合物顶涂层;
其中所述聚合物顶涂层可溶解于在顶涂层涂覆过程中不溶解聚合物底涂层的溶剂中,且其中所述聚合物顶涂层基本上不含抗微生物颗粒。
2.权利要求1的抗微生物医用器材,其中所述基材为选自由以下物质组成的组的材料:胶乳、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、ABS聚合物、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、合成橡胶、不锈钢、陶瓷、氧化铝、玻璃和聚硅氧烷。
3.权利要求1的抗微生物医用器材,其中所述聚合物底涂层选自由如下物质组成的组:聚氨酯、聚脲、聚氨酯-脲、丙烯酸类共聚物、它们的组合,和由它们衍生的嵌段共聚物。
4.权利要求1的抗微生物医用器材,其中所述抗微生物颗粒是选自由如下物质组成的组的银基化合物:乙酸银、苯甲酸银、氯化银、碳酸银、碘酸银、碘化银、乳酸银、月桂酸银、氧化银、棕榈酸银、蛋白银、磺胺嘧啶银、氯化银/二氧化钛络合物、银沸石和其它银盐和络合物。
5.权利要求1的抗微生物医用器材,其中所述抗微生物颗粒具有最高达约100微米的平均颗粒大小。
6.权利要求1的抗微生物医用器材,其中所述聚合物顶涂层选自由如下物质组成的组:聚氨酯、聚氨酯-脲、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚环氧乙烷、聚丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、葡聚糖、多糖、淀粉、瓜耳胶、黄原胶和其它胶和增稠剂、胶原和明胶。
7.权利要求1的抗微生物医用器材,其中所述聚合物底涂层是不溶解于醇的聚氨酯树脂,所述聚合物顶涂层是醇溶性的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
8.用于医用器材的抗微生物聚合物涂层,该涂层包含:
具有分散的抗微生物颗粒的聚合物底涂层;和
基本上不含抗微生物颗粒并置于至少一部分所述底涂层上的聚合物顶涂层。
9.权利要求8的抗微生物聚合物涂层,其中所述聚合物底涂层是不溶解于含50%以上变性乙醇的溶剂体系的聚氨酯树脂。
10.权利要求9的抗微生物聚合物涂层,其中所述抗微生物颗粒是银沸石。
11.权利要求10的抗微生物聚合物涂层,其中所述银沸石以聚合物底涂层与抗微生物颗粒总干重的约40%的浓度存在于所述底涂层中。
12.权利要求11的抗微生物聚合物涂层,其中所述顶涂层是能够溶解在含85%变性乙醇的溶剂体系中的聚氨酯。
13.一种制备抗微生物的医用器材的方法,包括:
提供具有表面的医用器材;
将第一聚合物溶解在第一溶剂体系中来制备第一聚合物溶液;
将至少一种类型的抗微生物颗粒分散在第一聚合物溶液中来形成底涂层溶液;
将所述底涂层溶液涂覆在至少一部分所述表面上来形成底涂层;
将第二聚合物溶解于第二溶剂体系中来形成第二聚合物溶液;和
将所述第二聚合物溶液涂覆在至少一部分所述底涂层上,使在涂覆第二聚合物溶液过程中所述底涂层不溶解,并形成基本上不含抗微生物颗粒的顶涂层。
14.权利要求13的制备抗微生物的医用器材的方法,其中所述医用器材选自:套管、导管、避孕套、隐形眼镜、气管内和胃肠饲管以及其它管、移植物、导线、植入装置、宫内节育器、医用手套、氧合器和肾膜、起搏器导联、蠕动泵室、分流器、支架和缝合线。
15.权利要求14的制备抗微生物的医用器材的方法,其中所述医用器材是导尿管。
16.权利要求13的制备抗微生物的医用器材的方法,其中通过浸涂来涂覆所述底涂层。
17.权利要求13的制备抗微生物的医用器材的方法,其中通过喷涂来涂覆所述底涂层。
18.一种罩涂抗微生物的医用器材的方法,所述方法包括:
提供至少部分被聚合物底涂层包覆的抗微生物的医用器材,所述底涂层具有至少一种类型的分散的抗微生物颗粒;
将顶涂层聚合物溶解于在涂覆顶涂层过程中不溶解所述底涂层的溶剂体系中;和
将溶解的顶涂层聚合物涂覆在至少一部分所述抗微生物的医用器材上以形成底涂层,使所述底涂层不溶解且所述顶涂层基本上不含抗微生物颗粒。
19.权利要求18的罩涂抗微生物的医用器材的方法,其中所述不溶解所述底涂层的溶剂体系选自:丙酮、乙腈、苯胺、苯、丁醇、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、氯仿、环己烷、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、二噁烷、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙二醇、己烷、异丙醇、甲醇、二溴甲烷、二氯甲烷、甲乙酮、硝基乙烷、吡啶、四氢呋喃、1,2,3,4-四氢化萘、甲苯、三氯乙烯和水。
20.权利要求18的罩涂抗微生物的医用器材的方法,其中通过浸涂在所述底涂层上来涂覆所述顶涂层。
21.权利要求18的罩涂抗微生物的医用器材的方法,其中通过喷涂在所述底涂层上来涂覆所述顶涂层。
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- 2002-12-03 EP EP02804480A patent/EP1450866A4/en not_active Ceased
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- 2002-12-03 CA CA002468780A patent/CA2468780A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-03 JP JP2003548891A patent/JP2005511144A/ja active Pending
- 2002-12-03 WO PCT/US2002/038404 patent/WO2003047636A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-12-03 US US10/497,043 patent/US7820284B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-03 MX MXPA04005332A patent/MXPA04005332A/es active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003047636A3 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
JP2005511144A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
WO2003047636A2 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
US20050064176A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
AU2002357050A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
EP1450866A2 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
US7820284B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 |
AU2002357050A8 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
EP1450866A4 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
MXPA04005332A (es) | 2005-05-16 |
CA2468780A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
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