CN1539799A

CN1539799A - Technique for producing organic matrix from hyacinth, stem and leaf of crop

Info

Publication number: CN1539799A
Application number: CNA03116577XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 史吉平; 董永华; 姚永康; 金光华
Original assignee: Shanghai Sunqiao Agriculture Science & Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Sunqiao Agriculture Science & Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2003-04-23
Filing date: 2003-04-23
Publication date: 2004-10-27

Abstract

A process for preparing organic matrix of fertilizer from the water hyacinth and the stem and leaf of agricultural crops includes breaking, squeezing, solid-liquid separation to obtain solid, natural fermenting or adding EM or CM bacteria for microbial fermenting to obtain organic matrix, and mixing with fermented mushroom dregs or peat to obtain composite organic matrix. Its advantages are high fertilizer and water preservation.

Description

Utilize Herba Eichhorniae, crop cauline leaf to produce organic substrate technology

One, technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of organic fertilizer, particularly disclose a kind of Herba Eichhorniae, crop cauline leaf of utilizing and produce organic substrate technology, the present invention is mainly used in the soilless culture of vegetables, melon and fruit, flowers, nursery stock, belongs to the modern agriculture field.

Two, background technology:

Soilless culture is as an important technology of vegetables good quality and high output, and especially European tempo is very fast in world developed country.Nineteen ninety-five, the soilless culture area of Holland was 5110 hectares, accounted for 51% of the greenhouse total area; Turkey's soilless culture area is 1030 hectares, accounts for 46% of the greenhouse total area; France's soilless culture area is 983 hectares, accounts for 36% of the greenhouse total area; Japan's soilless culture area is 760 hectares, accounts for the 1-2% of the greenhouse total area.The soilless culture area of present above-mentioned European countries has accounted for more than 90% of the greenhouse total area, and the soilless culture of Japan also accounts for more than 20%.European community country stipulates that till 2000, all greenhouse vegetable production must be adopted soilless culture.

China's soilless culture area 1998 was 43 hectares, developed into 150 hectares in 1999, also had only 200 hectares at present, accounted for the thousandth of the greenhouse total area.No matter, still account for the ratio of the greenhouse total area, all fall far short with developed country from cultivated area.As seen, cultivation technique without soil has vast potential for future development in China.

The mixed-matrix of rock wool, pearl salt or the peat composed of rotten mosses and pearl salt, vermiculite compositional is adopted in the soilless culture of countries in the world at present mostly.The character of these matrix is more stable, and cultivation effect is also relatively good, but salt is cotton and pearl salt is difficult to degraded at occurring in nature, causes environmental pollution easily.And the peat composed of rotten mosses belongs to the finite type natural resources, and a large amount of exploitations can cause physical environment to destroy (Jiang Weijie etc., vegetable soilless culture new technology, Golden Shield press, in January, 1998).

In view of present Herba Eichhorniae overflows all over the world, as untimely processing, too much Herba Eichhorniae can cover the water surface, stops up the river course, influences shipping.Also can hinder irrigation and drainage, hinder current in flood season.Dense Herba Eichhorniae has reduced the penetrativity of light to water body, influences the growth of benthos, and increases concentration of carbon dioxide in the water, reduces output of aquatic products.Herba Eichhorniae also can old and feeblely rot, and as untimely salvaging, objectionable impuritiess such as the phosphorus of its absorption can be decomposed again once more, pull the plug.

In addition, Herba Eichhorniae contains very rich in protein, amino acid, carotene and trace element, breeds fast growth, have the title of " classical feed ", if it is developed to organic substrate, will have important economic value and ecological, environmental protective benefit.

Factory farming was very fast in China's development in recent years, consequent offal treatment problem also is on the rise, with Sun Qiao modern agriculture development area, PVG is example, annual 6 hectares of crop cauline leafs that produce from temperature-controlling chamber reach more than 2000 ton, and nearly 2000 tons of the annual mushroom slag that produces of edible mushrooms factory, so Duo waste will have a strong impact on surrounding environment as recycling treatment not.

Three, summary of the invention:

The present invention is for overcoming shortcoming in the prior art, particularly removes some bad customs and habits, influences the custom of environment, discloses a kind of Herba Eichhorniae, crop cauline leaf of utilizing and produces organic substrate technology.The present invention is achieved in that a kind of Herba Eichhorniae that utilizes, the crop cauline leaf is produced organic substrate technology, comprise raw material is pulverized, squeeze then, carry out solid-liquid separation, the solid that obtains is carried out spontaneous fermentation or is added 1～2 ‰ microbial strains example EM bacterium, the CM bacterium is fermented, through 20～120 days, till temperature does not raise in slag muck, form organic substrate, it is characterized in that: described raw material is Herba Eichhorniae or crop cauline leaf, and the crop cauline leaf comprises cucumber, tomato, eggplant, capsicum, watermelon, muskmelon, pumpkin, wax gourd, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, radish, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae or Herba Eichhorniae and crop cauline leaf mixture; Form organic substrate and have following three kinds, the one, make organic substrate separately, the 2nd, mix and make organic composite substratd with mushroom slag after the fermentation, wherein mushroom slag ratio branch (volume ratio) is 40～60%, the 3rd, mix with the peat composed of rotten mosses and to make organic composite substratd, wherein peat composed of rotten mosses score (volume ratio) is 40～60%.

The present invention succeeds in developing and utilizes Herba Eichhorniae, crop cauline leaf to produce organic substrate technology and technology, and the raw material sources of producing organic substrate are wide, and are environment and agricultural wastes basically, protected environment when producing high quality agricultural products.These organic substrates not only can be used in the conventional soilless culture, can also be used in the organic soilless cultivation, and its cultivation effect has surpassed matrix such as pearl salt.

Organic substrate production technique provided by the present invention and technology are compared with existing organic substrate production technique and technology, have the following advantages:

1. raw materials used environment and the agricultural wastes of being essentially, the source is wide, and is cheap;

2. organic substrate water conservation, the fertilizer-preserving ability of Sheng Chaning is strong, and cultivation effect is better than conventional cultivation matrix such as perlite;

3. organic substrate production technique provided by the invention is easy, production efficiency height, required equipment domestic production, low price;

4. produce organic substrate by the inventive method, can turn waste into wealth, also do not have the three wastes in the production process and produce;

5. by the organic substrate of the present invention's production, all raw materials all belong to the material that can consume naturally, and environment is not polluted;

6. the organic substrate of producing by the present invention both can be used in the conventional soilless culture, also can be used in the organic soilless cultivation;

7. the organic substrate of producing by the present invention can use repeatedly, generally can use more than 3 years, and annual needs to replenish a small amount of fresh matrix and get final product;

8. the organic substrate of producing with the present invention is when producing vegetables such as cucumber, and its production efficiency has surpassed conventional substrate such as pearl salt.

Four, description of drawings:

Accompanying drawing technological process of production figure of the present invention

Five, embodiment:

1. embodiment 1:

Utilize Herba Eichhorniae to produce organic substrate.

According to aforesaid method: the Herba Eichhorniae that will just salvage promptly gets organic substrate through pulverizer pulverizings, juice extractor squeezing, strainer solid-liquid separation, solid slag after fermenting.

The organic substrate of producing is used for the eggplant soilless culture, and contrast matrix is 100% perlite.Output is as follows: the cucumber yield of organic substrate plantation is 3149 kilograms, and the cucumber yield of perlite plantation is 2950 kilograms, and output increases by 6.7%.

2. embodiment 2:

Utilize tomato leaf to produce organic substrate.

According to aforesaid method: will just lay the tomato leaf that comes and promptly get organic substrate after fermenting through pulverizer pulverizings, juice extractor squeezing, strainer solid-liquid separation, solid slag, this matrix is mixed by 1: 1 volume ratio with the mushroom slag that ferments again, gets organic composite substratd.

The organic composite substratd of producing is used for the eggplant soilless culture, and contrast matrix is 100% perlite.Output is as follows: the cucumber yield of organic substrate plantation is 3415 kilograms, and the cucumber yield of perlite plantation is 2950 kilograms, and output increases by 15.8%.

Claims

1. one kind is utilized Herba Eichhorniae, crop cauline leaf to produce organic substrate technology, comprise raw material is pulverized, squeeze then, carry out solid-liquid separation, solid slag implementation spontaneous fermentation that obtains or adding microbial strains example EM bacterium, CM bacterium are fermented, form organic substrate, it is characterized in that: described raw material or Herba Eichhorniae, perhaps crop cauline leaf, the crop cauline leaf comprises cucumber, tomato, eggplant, capsicum, watermelon, muskmelon, pumpkin, wax gourd, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, radish, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae or Herba Eichhorniae and crop cauline leaf mixture; Form organic substrate and have following three kinds, the one, make organic substrate separately, the 2nd, mix and make organic composite substratd with mushroom slag after the fermentation, wherein mushroom slag ratio branch (volume ratio) is 40～60%, the 3rd, mix with the peat composed of rotten mosses and to make organic composite substratd, wherein peat composed of rotten mosses score (volume ratio) is 40～60%.

2. production organic substrate technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described raw material is a Herba Eichhorniae, after the fermentation of the solid slag after the production technique, promptly gets organic substrate.

3. production organic substrate technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described raw material is the crop cauline leaf, the mushroom slag after solid slag after the fermentation and the fermentation carried out mixed preparing in 1: 1 by volume.

4. production organic substrate technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described raw material is the crop cauline leaf, and the solid slag after the production technique secondary fermentation and the peat composed of rotten mosses carried out mixed preparing in 1: 1 by volume.

5. production organic substrate technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described solid slag adopts the microbial strains fermentation, and the bacterial classification consumption is 1～2 ‰, through 20～120 days, till temperature no longer raises in slag muck.