CN1470991A - Method and apparatus for using NOT-AND flash as system memory - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for using NOT-AND flash as system memory Download PDFInfo
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- CN1470991A CN1470991A CNA021253412A CN02125341A CN1470991A CN 1470991 A CN1470991 A CN 1470991A CN A021253412 A CNA021253412 A CN A021253412A CN 02125341 A CN02125341 A CN 02125341A CN 1470991 A CN1470991 A CN 1470991A
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Abstract
The method stores operate system and application programs in NAND Flash, and utilizes the mode of booting operate system to start up system. The storage space of the operate system is managed through dedicated Flash management function to ensure reliability of storage. The invention also discloses the device for realizing the method. The method and device reduce the cost of handheld information device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hand held information equipment field, be meant a kind of method and device of making system storage with non-flash memory (NANDFlash) that adopt especially.
Background technology
In traditional hand held information equipment, as PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), palm PC etc., all adopt mask ROM (Mask ROM) or non-flash memory nonvolatile memories such as (NOR Flash) storage medium as system software, and with user data (User Data) file storage in non-flash memory (NAND Flash) in.Its storage organization as shown in Figure 1, comprise: storage operating system (OS) and application program (AP) or non-flash memory (NOR Flash) 102, dynamic RAM (DRAM) 103 and storaging user data (User Data) file with non-flash memory (NAND Flash) 104, NOR Flash 102, DRAM 103 are connected with central processing unit (CPU) 101 respectively with NAND Flash 104.
Wherein, or non-flash memory (NOR Flash) the 102nd, the byte addressing, the arrangement of its unit walks abreast, and can read at random fast by byte at random, and the permission system directly reads code and carries out, and promptly carries out (XIP) mode on the spot.With non-flash memory (NAND Flash) the 104th, page addressing, the arrangement of its unit is serial, memory cell is divided into page or leaf, by the page or leaf blocking, the read-write of memory cell is that unit carries out with piece (block), needs earlier code to be downloaded among the DRAM to carry out again, can not realize XIP.NAND Flash chip size is little, and pin is few, is the minimum solid-state memory of a cost (bit cost).
Because NOR Flash supports to carry out on the spot, so, usually operating system program is left among the NORFlash, so that directly entering OS when starting shooting, the user starts.Generally, when system normally started, central processing unit 101 was with the operating system inlet of storage among address code (PC) the pointed NOR Flash 102, and central processing unit 101 is directly carried out from NOR Flash read operation system code.Vary in size according to size of code, between tens megabyte, and along with the increasing of function, size of code is also in rapid increase in several megabyte for employed NOR Flash capacity, and corresponding N OR Flash capacity also will strengthen.In hand held information equipment, the cost of NOR Flash will account for the sizable ratio of hand held information equipment total cost so.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of making system storage with non-flash memory that adopts, make NAND Flash can replace the storage medium of NOR Flash, and then reduce the cost of hand held information equipment as system software.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device of making system storage with non-flash memory that adopts, make it can reduce the cost of hand held information equipment greatly.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of method of making system storage with non-flash memory (NAND Flash) that adopts, be bootstrap routine is stored in or non-flash memory in, its key is: simultaneously operating system (OS) is stored in non-flash memory (NAND Flash) in, should with non-flash memory (NAND Flash) in also store application program (AP).
This method further comprises: when system start-up, judge earlier whether existed operating system to be ready to (OS Ready) sign in the dynamic RAM (DRAM), if do not have, then bootstrap routine with operating system code from copying to the DRAM with non-flash memory (NAND Flash), executive operating system program start system in DRAM, and set up OS Ready sign at the assigned address of DRAM; Otherwise, directly carry out the operating system program among the DRAM.
This method further comprises: the Flash management function that is exclusively used in the MOS storage space is set in bootstrap routine.And or non-flash memory (NOR Flash) in set in advance one section continuous storage space, the corresponding piece with non-flash memory (NAND Flash) of each bit of this section storage space.This Flash management function further comprises when the down operation system:
A. wipe whole storage spaces of origin operation system;
B. check each piece, if be bad piece, then putting this piece corresponding flag bit is 0, otherwise putting this piece corresponding flag bit is 1;
When c. operating system being write, check earlier whether the current block corresponding flag bit is 0 with non-flash memory (NAND Flash), if, then jump to next piece of current block, continue to check; Otherwise, current content in this block writes system.
So, this Flash management function further comprises when the read operation system: check whether the current block corresponding flag bit is 0, if, then jump to next piece of current block, continue to check; Otherwise, read the content of operating system in the current block.
This method further comprises: bootstrap routine is connected the down operation system by Ethernet card or USB (universal serial bus) (USB) or RS232 serial ports or standard flash memory (CF) card with stand-alone computer or computer network.The down operation system further comprises: earlier operating system code is passed to bootstrap routine, again by bootstrap routine call the Flash management function with operating system code write with non-flash memory (NAND Flash) in.
The present invention also provides a kind of device of realizing said method, at least comprise only store bootstrap routine or non-flash memory (NOR Flash), storage operating system and application program with non-flash memory (NAND Flash), dynamic RAM (DRAM), central processing unit (CPU), this NOR Flash, NAND Flash, DRAM link to each other with CPU respectively.Described storage operating system and application program also store user data with non-flash memory (NANDFlash).
Or non-flash memory (NOR Flash) in be provided with and the bad piece of non-flash memory (NAND Flash) mark zone.Each a bit correspondence in this bad piece mark zone and a piece in the non-flash memory (NAND Flash).
The present invention is by substituting the storage medium of NOR Flash as system program with NAND Flash, and when device start, operating system is copied among the DRAM and carry out by bootstrap routine, when obviously reducing the hand held information equipment cost, operating system can normally be moved when guaranteeing the hand held information equipment startup.In addition, the present invention carries out independent management to the NAND Flash of storage operating system, to improve the reliability of operating system storage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the storage node composition of hand held information equipment in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the storage node composition of hand held information equipment among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is and the pin connection layout of non-flash memory (NAND Flash) with central processing unit (CPU);
Fig. 4 is the implementation process process flow diagram during os starting among the present invention;
Fig. 5 selects the synoptic diagram at interface for bootstrap routine among the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 2 is a storage node composition of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 2, the hardware configuration that the present invention is used to store and prior art are identical substantially, and just the memory location of operating system (OS) and application program (AP) is unlike the prior art among the present invention.The present invention adopts a slice capacity less, the NOR Flash 202 of about 100 K bytes stores bootstrap routine (Boot Loader), and operating system (OS), application program (AP) are stored among the bigger NAND Flash 204 of capacity together with subscriber data file.NOR Flash 202 is connected to and comprises the reset address space of trap of CPU 201, NAND Flash204 is connected on the system address space of CPU 201, hardware logic parts by CPU inside are mapped as I/O (I/O) port, and CPU 201 carries out read-write operation by the access means mode to NAND Flash 204.In fact, operating system (OS), application program (AP) also can be stored in different NAND Flash respectively with user data.
Because NAND Flash can not realize carrying out on the spot, the present invention copies operating system among the DRAM to by bootstrap routine to carry out.When system started for the first time, the address code pointed of CPU 201 trap that resets began to carry out the bootstrap routine among the NOR Flash 202; Bootstrap routine will be stored in operating system (OS) code copy among the NAND Flash 204 in dynamic RAM (DRAM) 203; With the inlet of operating system (OS) among the address code pointed DRAM 203 of CPU 201, CPU 201 began executive operating system (OS) codes, the startup of complete operation system (OS) after copy finished.In the time will moving certain application program (AP), application program required among the NAND Flash204 (AP) code copy is carried out in DRAM 203 by operating system (OS).
Read-write to NAND Flash is controlled by CPU, the pin annexation of NAND Flash and CPU as shown in Figure 3, the sheet among the NAND Flash 302 selects pin CE to select pin CS1 to link to each other with sheet among the CPU 301; Read-write pin RE among the NAND Flash 302 links to each other with WE with the read-write pin RD of CPU 301 respectively with WE, is used for the control read-write; I/O pin IO0～IO7 among the NAND Flash 302 links to each other with data pins D0～D7 of CPU 301 respectively, is used for transmitting data information; Busy-idle condition pin R/BY among the NAND Flash 302 links to each other with the GPIO1 pin among the CPU 301, is used for judging that the current state of NAND Flash chip is Ready or Busy; Command latch enable pin CLE among the NANDFlash 302 links to each other with the GPIO2 pin among the CPU 301, is used for the control command storage; Address latch enable pin ALE among the NAND Flash 302 links to each other with the GPIO3 pin among the CPU 301, is used for the storage of control address or data; Write-protect pin WP among the NAND Flash 302 links to each other with the GPIO4 pin among the CPU 301, is used to judge currently whether can write data to NAND Flash.By above-mentioned annexation, can with NAND Flash 302 on selected block address write among the CPU 301, read the content on this piece then.
Based on above-mentioned storage organization and read-write structure, hand held information equipment normally starts and moves at least and comprises the steps, as shown in Figure 4:
Step 401: when hand held information equipment starts, at first will dispose DRAM, mainly be the required basic parameters of some DRAM of configuration work, such as the number of the number of row among the DRAM, row, refresh cycle or the like.
Step 402: on DRAM, watch then existing and represent the copied OS Ready sign of operating system (OS)? if there is not OS Ready sign, then execution in step 403; Otherwise, execution in step 411.
The reset address space of trap of the address code pointed of step 403～step 406:CPU, bringing into operation is stored in bootstrap routine among the NOR Flash, and this bootstrap routine will leave operating system (OS) code copy among the NAND Flash in DRAM by the access means mode.After operating system among the DRAM (OS) code copy finishes, the inlet of operating system (OS) among the address code pointed DRAM of CPU, starting the operating system (OS) and setting up the copied OS Ready of expression operating system (OS) indicates.In the present embodiment, the CPU of use is an ARM company, and its design feature is from 0 address start; When CPU when dormant state is waken up, therefore inlet also is 0 address, sets up the copy that repeats that OS Ready sign has been avoided operating system (OS).
Step 407: after the system start-up, need to judge whether operation certain application program (AP), if desired, then execution in step 408; Otherwise execution in step 410 is waited for.
In fact, the present invention is except the operation of normal system, mainly comprise three actions: cold start-up, warm start and startup are selected, wherein, when being meant and starting first or reset in system, cold start-up (Cold Boot) do not find OS Ready sign, need again in DRAM the copy function system code and OS Ready sign is set, shown in module among Fig. 4 415; Warm start (Warm Boot) system that is meant finds OS Ready sign when resetting, and does not currently need to start selection, shown in module among Fig. 4 416; Start and select to be meant under the situation that after resetting, finds OS Ready sign, start selection if desired, then enter and select interface and flow process, shown in module among Fig. 4 417 by the function key of setting.
Bootstrap routine among the present invention also has the function of management Flash and down operation system (OS) code except pilot operationp system (OS) is copied to the DRAM.What is called pilot operationp system, recited above exactly when not having operating system (OS) among the system start-up DRAM, need be in DRAM with operating system (OS) code copy.Down operation system (OS) code is meant when not having operating system code or operating system code to upgrade in the hand held information equipment, hand held information equipment can pass through connected modes such as USB (universal serial bus) (USB), RS232 serial ports, Ethernet card, standard flash memory (CF) card with independently computing machine or computer network link to each other, operating system (OS) code is passed to bootstrap routine, call the Flash management function by bootstrap routine again, operating system (OS) code is write among the NANDFlash.The management function of Flash is meant that mainly the Flash storage space to the storage operating system code manages, though there has been management in the prior art to NAND Flash, a but NAND Flash storaging user data in the prior art, the characteristics of user data are frequently to change (write operation), and operating system then can frequently not changed (write operation).
At NAND Flash is to be the characteristics of storage unit with piece (block), and the present invention is provided with the Flash management function that is exclusively used in management and operating operation components of system as directed Flash storage space in bootstrap routine.The major function of this function is exactly: refreshing bad piece of OS code tense marker at every turn, and indicate bad piece when the read-write operation system code.Because each piece comprises 512 bytes, as long as have a bit (bit) to be damaged in this piece, this piece (block) will all can not use, and NAND Flash is damaged in erasable process easily.Therefore, for fear of operating system code is write bad piece, must go out bad piece at erasable tense marker; And after marking bad piece, just need skip bad piece during the operating system code storage, the discontinuous phenomenon of read/write address can appear in nature, so, in the process of down operation system (OS) code, just need call the special-purpose Flash management function that is provided with in the bootstrap routine, the storage block of respective operations system code among the NAND Flash is managed.
The concrete operations of this Flash management function in a down operation system (OS) code process are such:
A. when needs down operation system code, the Flash management function is at first all wiped original operating system (OS) code among the NAND Flash.
B. then this section of NAND Flash storage space is carried out bad piece inspection and bad piece is made a mark.The labeling method that is adopted in the present embodiment is: reserve one section continuous address in advance in the NOR Flash of storage bootstrap routine, each bit in each piece among the NAND Flash and this section continuation address space is set up relation one to one.If it is good checking the piece of this correspondence, then this bit is set to 1; If it is bad checking out the piece of this correspondence, it is 0 that this bit then is set.
C. when operating system (OS) code being write the corresponding storage space of NAND Flash in proper order by the Flash management function, the Flash management function can be searched the current block corresponding flag bit earlier, promptly check the quality of this piece, if good piece then carries out normal write operation; If marker bit is 0, promptly this piece is a bad piece, and then the Flash management function can be avoided this piece automatically, jumps to next piece automatically and proceeds to check and write operation.
Equally, the operating system of storing in NAND Flash (OS) code copy is to DRAM the time, also the piece of NAND Flash is checked: if good piece by the Flash management function, be that corresponding with it bit place value is 1 among the NOR Flash, just copy to the content in this piece among the DRAM in proper order; If bad piece, promptly corresponding with it bit place value is 0 among the NOR Flash, checks and read operation with regard to jumping to next piece automatically.
So, can be when carrying out the operating system code read-write operation, the situation that the address is discontinuous, operation can't be carried out of avoiding the appearance owing to bad piece to produce.
In a word, the above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1, a kind of method of making system storage with non-flash memory (NAND Flash) that adopts, be bootstrap routine is stored in or non-flash memory (NOR Flash) in, it is characterized in that: simultaneously operating system (OS) is stored in non-flash memory (NAND Flash) in.
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this method further comprises: when system start-up, judge earlier whether existed operating system to be ready to (OSReady) sign in the dynamic RAM (DRAM), if do not have, then bootstrap routine with operating system code from copying to the DRAM with non-flash memory (NAND Flash), executive operating system program start system in DRAM, and set up OS Ready sign at the assigned address of DRAM; Otherwise, directly carry out the operating system program among the DRAM.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that this method further comprises: with application program (AP) with operating system be stored in non-flash memory (NAND Flash) in.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that this method further comprises: the Flash management function that is exclusively used in the MOS storage space is set in bootstrap routine.
5, according to claim 1 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that this method further comprises: or non-flash memory (NOR Flash) in set in advance one section continuous storage space, the corresponding piece with non-flash memory (NAND Flash) of each bit of this section storage space.
6, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described Flash management function further comprises when the down operation system:
A. wipe whole storage spaces of origin operation system;
B. check each piece, if be bad piece, then putting this piece corresponding flag bit is 0, otherwise putting this piece corresponding flag bit is 1;
When c. operating system being write, check earlier whether the current block corresponding flag bit is 0 with non-flash memory (NAND Flash), if, then jump to next piece of current block, continue to check; Otherwise, current content in this block writes system.
7, method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described Flash management function further comprises when the read operation system: check whether the current block corresponding flag bit is 0, if, then jump to next piece of current block, continue to check; Otherwise, read the content of operating system in the current block.
8, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this method further comprises: bootstrap routine is connected the down operation system by Ethernet card or USB (universal serial bus) (USB) or RS232 serial ports or standard flash memory (CF) card with stand-alone computer or computer network.
9, according to claim 4 or 8 described methods, it is characterized in that the down operation system further comprises: earlier operating system code is passed to bootstrap routine, again by bootstrap routine call the Flash management function with operating system code write with non-flash memory (NAND Flash) in.
10, a kind of device of realizing said method, comprise dynamic RAM (DRAM), central processing unit (CPU), it is characterized in that: also comprise only store bootstrap routine or non-flash memory (NOR Flash), storage operating system and application program with non-flash memory (NAND Flash), this NOR Flash, NAND Flash, DRAM link to each other with CPU respectively.
11, device according to claim 10 is characterized in that: or non-flash memory (NOR Flash) in be provided with and the bad piece of non-flash memory (NAND Flash) mark zone.
12, device according to claim 11 is characterized in that: each a bit correspondence in the described bad piece mark zone and a piece in the non-flash memory (NAND Flash).
13, device according to claim 10 is characterized in that: described storage operating system and application program also store user data with non-flash memory (NAND Flash).
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| CNB021253412A CN1302390C (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2002-07-25 | Method and apparatus for using NOT-AND flash as system memory |
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| CNB021253412A CN1302390C (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2002-07-25 | Method and apparatus for using NOT-AND flash as system memory |
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| CN1302390C CN1302390C (en) | 2007-02-28 |
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