CN1294807A - Radio telephone for spread-spectrum system using nonlinear modulation - Google Patents

Abstract

A method is provided for despreading a signal which has been spread by a code and modulated according to a non-linear modulation scheme. The method comprises transforming the code into a succession of phasor positions (405) and correlating the spread signal with the transformed code (406). A despreader, demodulator and communications device implementing such a method are also provided.

Description

Be used to use the radio telephone of the spread spectrum system of non-linear modulation

Send the serial bit stream of data in digital radio telephone for digital mobile radio communication system by modulated carrier, the modulation scheme with several types is used to send bit stream.Common performance criteria is the bandwidth efficiency that is defined as data rate and the ratio of channel width in the modulation scheme design.

Such modulation scheme can be linear or nonlinear.Linear arrangement is thought those schemes in accordance with the GREV of f (∝ x)=∝ f (x), does not observe this rule but non-linear scheme utilizes its composite attribute usually.The example of non-linear modulation schemes comprises the most of phase modulation schemes that do not satisfy above-mentioned linear programming, such as GMSK.The example of linear modulation scheme comprises amplitude modulation and the phase modulation scheme that satisfies this linear programming, such as QPSK.Though QPSK is the phase modulation of a kind of form of being made of composite portion, can think that it is linear, this is because two bits that are used to form each code element modulation homophase and quadrature phase channels on the base band of this signal independently.So far, the TDMA telecommunication system has used linear and non-linear modulation schemes (for example, GSM uses non-linear GMSK scheme, and PDC uses linear QPSK scheme), but the CDMA telecommunication system only uses linear modulation scheme (for example, QPSK).Existing partnership has some the strengths and weaknesses between telecommunication system and the modulation scheme, and this will discuss in conjunction with GSM/GMSK and CDMA/QPSK below.

GMSK is the phase modulated that serial bit stream is transformed to carrier phase, and the effect of this modulation is the analog signal that the input serial bit stream is transformed to the carrier wave of modulation transmitter.In GMSK, output phase shift is carried out filtering.Gaussian function serves as filter, removes the sharp edges of digit pulse.If there is not this filtering, it will be quite big sending the desired bandwidth of this signal.Even utilize Gaussian filter, through confirm that gsm system is invalid on frequency spectrum.For example, utilize 0.3 BT product, GSM has the bandwidth efficiency than the low ∝ of QPSK=0.22.Yet the GMSK modulation provides power effective uniform amplitude signal really.In theory, this signal for example can distortion when utilizing non-linear PA to amplify.

In existing cdma system, select different phasing technique QPSK that bit rate or the better bandwidth efficiency higher than GMSK is provided.In QPSK, send the orthogonal signalling that relative MSK modulation doubles data rate.In QPSK modulation, output phase shift carried out nyquist filtering so that the pulse that increases bandwidth efficiency and reduce the root raised cosine shape of the error rate is provided by remove inter-symbol-interference.Though have the QPSK of root raised cosine pulse shape and on frequency spectrum is effectively, allow high data rate that low BER also is provided, the distortion during penetrating when it needs linear PA to avoid launching.

Design gsm system and existing cdma system are thought suitable user's needs to satisfy with its notion.Because the scheme that is used for third generation system plans, so considering the criterion that provides required in the telecommunication system that enters the 21 century user's request.

In third generation system, considering than the second generation scheme modulation scheme of bandwidth efficient more.Important will be that data rate is enough high, be under the acceptable power of terminal of power supply to allow telecommunication industry to expand to from speech that data should be used for continuing power efficiency is reduced to the battery.Existing modulation scheme can not make the enough height of data rate support countless data and use, and these application requirements are not sacrificed unacceptable degree with the error rate and/or efficiency power amplifier.

In the present invention, have realized that: non-linear modulation schemes can be used for spread spectrum communication system, and such arrangement provides high power amplifier efficient for the non-linear modulation schemes such as GMSK, and high user rate is provided for the spread spectrum system such as CDMA.This understanding is opposite with general instruction of the prior art, and current in the prior art spread spectrum system always adopts linear modulation scheme, and instructs such combination will cause undue complicated system in the prior art.

According to an aspect, the invention provides more direct a kind of method that the signal that non-linear modulation schemes launches has been expanded and utilized subsequently in despreading.The method comprises extended code is transformed to a series of phasors position and carries out relevant with the code of conversion this spread signal.

For example, the bit of supposing reception is positive, can only carry out conversion.Yet, because this modulation is non-linear, so when the bit of supposing reception is to bear, require the different conversion of this code.Therefore, preferably suppose and all carry out conversion when this received signal is positive with negative, because this does not need complicated demodulator (that is, with the GSM that adopts GMSK the same Viterbi or the training sequence of not requiring of situation).On the contrary, in case be correlated with, utilize maximum figure signal that demodulation is provided.

The method can comprise that despreading utilizes the signal of the superimposed structure of N amplitude-modulated pulse.The use of a plurality of pulses provides more energy on receiver, so have better transmission integrality.These pulses can be the front N pulses according to Laurent superposition theory approximate Gaussian pulse shape.In addition, these pulses can be its cost function requirement (for example, the error rate, bandwidth, amplitude, AFC) of pulses carry out optimal shaping according to to(for) system.This signal for example can use the stack of 2 pulses (N=2) to construct, and this despreader can be carried out conversion and correlation step for each pulse among these pulses (M=2).Yet, preferably use even signal that more pulse is configured to transmit, so that further improve its integrality.In this case, this despreader can only be carried out conversion and correlation step to front M pulse, and wherein M＜N does not have significant energy loss so that reduce the desired processing of receiver.For example, in most preferred embodiment, M=2 and N=4.

According to a further aspect in the invention, be provided at a kind of method of launching in the spread spectrum communication system with received signal, the method comprises:

The signal that utilizes the code expansion to launch;

Use non-linear modulation schemes to modulate this spread signal;

Launch this modulation signal;

Receive this modulation signal;

With this code conversion is a series of phasors positions; With

Carry out relevant with the code of this conversion this received signal.

Also on the one hand be provided for despreading and utilized code to expand and a kind of despreader of the signal modulated according to non-linear modulation schemes according to of the present invention, this despreader comprises:

Be used to provide the device of the code that is transformed to a series of phasors position; With

Be used for this spread signal is carried out relevant correlator with the code of this conversion.

According to another aspect of the invention, be provided for despreading and utilized code to expand and a kind of despreader of the signal modulated according to non-linear modulation schemes, this receiver comprises:

First despreader like this is used for the despreading received signal, supposes that this receives bit is positive;

Second despreader like this is because the despreading received signal supposes that this receives bit and bears; With

Comparator, the coherent signal that is used for first and second despreader output of comparison is to determine the symbol of this received signal.

Also be provided for a kind of receiver of communication equipment, comprise according to despreader of the present invention or demodulator.

And, be provided for a kind of transceiver of communication equipment, comprise such Receiver And Transmitter, the device of the non-linear modulation device that this transmitter has the expander that is used to utilize the code spread signal, be used to modulate this spread signal and the spread signal that is used to launch modulation.

And, a kind of communication equipment that is operable in the communication system is provided, comprise a kind of transceiver.

According to another aspect of the invention, provide in first pattern that is operable in spread spectrum communication system a kind of dual-mode receiver in second pattern with the telecommunication system that uses non-linear modulation schemes, this receiver comprises:

First demodulator, be used in first operator scheme according to the non-linear modulation schemes demodulated received signal, comprise despreader with the device that is used to provide the code that is transformed to a series of phasors position be used for received signal therewith the code of conversion carry out relevant correlator; With

Second receiver apparatus comprises being used at the demodulator of second operator scheme according to the non-linear modulation schemes demodulated received signal.

Equally, a kind of double mode transmitter in second pattern with the telecommunication system that uses non-linear modulation schemes is provided in first pattern that is operable in spread spectrum communication system, and this equipment comprises and is used for utilizing the modulator of carrier signal-modulated data signal according to non-linear modulation schemes and being used for the device of this data-signal of expansion before first pattern is being modulated in first and second operator scheme.

These dual-mode receivers and transmitter can form the part of dual-mode communication device.

The invention provides a kind of dual mode device, comprise single modulator thereby more cheap and reduced size.Other common building blocks of these two kinds of patterns can comprise correlator and the low-converter in the receiver.

To utilize example to describe embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings now, wherein:

Fig. 1 is system known per CDMA;

Fig. 2 is a cdma system according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a CDMA transmitter according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 is a cdma receiver according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5 (a) is the cdma receiver of the most preferred embodiment according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 (b) is the cdma receiver demodulator stage of the most preferred embodiment according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 is double mode according to an embodiment of the invention GSM/CDMA transmitter;

Fig. 7 is double mode according to an embodiment of the invention GSM/CDMA receiver;

Fig. 8 (a) expression is used to expand+example of the received signal of 1 bit;

Fig. 8 (b) expression is used to detect according to an embodiment of the invention+the conversion gold code of 1 bit;

Fig. 9 (a) expression is used to expand an example of the received signal of-1 bit;

Fig. 9 (b) expression is used to detect the conversion gold code of-1 bit according to an embodiment of the invention;

Figure 10 a is arranged to detection+1 bit and by the chart of amplitude-time of receiver despreading+1 bit;

Figure 10 b, 10c and 10d are arranged to detection+1 bit respectively and by the chart of real, the empty and absolute value of amplitude-time of receiver despreading+1 bit, emphasize difference between desired signal and the noise by the value of only representing 20 moments;

Figure 11 is the chart of amplitude-time that has been used the signal of incompatible code despreading by receiver;

Figure 12 a is arranged to detection-1 bit and by the chart of amplitude-time of receiver despreading-1 bit;

Figure 12 b is arranged to detection+1 bit and by the chart of amplitude-time of receiver despreading-1 bit;

Figure 13 a and 13b are to use the chart of amplitude-time of first pulse of the received signal of different transform method despreadings; With

Figure 13 c and 13d are to use the chart of amplitude-time of second pulse of the received signal of different transform method despreadings;

In spread spectrum system, use single digital code and do not use independent RF frequency or channel to distinguish mobile radio station.These codes are shared by mobile radio station and base station and are called the pseudo-random binary sign indicating number, and wherein one type is gold code.Fig. 1 represents the example of a such spread spectrum system, becomes direct sequency system, and this system uses linear modulation scheme.

In Fig. 1, information A is modulated on the carrier wave B, and it is that gold code D modulates that the signal C of modulation utilizes the pseudo-random binary sign indicating number subsequently, and this expands this signal in frequency domain.On receiver, input signal down-converts to suitable intermediate frequency and multiplies each other with the F that duplicates of the synchronous coding of the specific gold code of that receiver, thus the signal that receives of despreading effectively.Resulting signal G carries out demodulation subsequently routinely with information extraction H.

Supposing that base station transmitter 11 has to send to is labeled as 12 mobile station receiver A and the information that is labeled as 13 mobile station receiver B, then can utilize following formula to represent by base station transmitter 11 coding signal transmitted E:

E=En(a，info _a)+En(b，info _b)

En=encoded signals wherein

A, b=are used for the gold code of receiver A (12), receiver B (13)

Info _a, info _b=send to the information of receiver A (12), send to the information of receiver B (13)

This signal utilizes receiver A and B to decode.

On receiver A,

G=De(a，(En(a，info _a)+En(b，info _b)))

De=decoding processing wherein

Because use linear modulation scheme, thus these components can be separated, so that:

G=De(a，(En(a，info _a))+De(a，En(b，info _b))

G=info _a+η _b

η=noise wherein

Similarly, on receiver B,

K=De(b，(En(a，info _a)+En(b，info _b)))

=De(b，(En(a，info _a))+De(b，En(info _b))

=ηa+info _b

Following expansion and the despreading of carrying out information signal.

Suppose that the information that will launch is to send to receiver A and by 4 bit A=info _a={ 1,1 ,-1,1} constitutes, and gold code is 255 bit gold codes.

Then expending modulator output has the signal E of 4 * 255 bits.

That is (1a) ∪ (1a) ∪ (1a) ∪ (1a),

The despreading modulator of mobile station receiver A is got 255 bits in received signal E front subsequently and is carried out dot-product operation (relevant) with gold code, that is, and and for info _aFirst bit :-1 (255)=-255

The symbol of first bit of resulting signal G provides the symbol of the bit of emission.Therefore, in this case, demodulator is known transmission-1 bit.Then, carry out this operation for 255 bits of received signal back, or the like, until this received signal of whole demodulation.

The example of simple code/decoding

For+1 information bit, suppose { the 5 bit gold codes of 1-111-1}

Code signal { 1-111-1}

The dot product of decoded signal=gold code and code signal

={11111}=5

For-1 information bit, suppose same gold code

Code signal { 11-1-11}

Decoded signal { 1-1-1-1-1}=-5

Therefore, decoded signal is represented the symbol of this information bit, and this is that system is linear result and is not situation in the non-linear modulation schemes.

Fig. 2 represents spread spectrum system according to an embodiment of the invention, is provided for decoding having used non-linear modulation schemes to send and a kind of technology of the code signal that the symbol of this bit can not easily be determined.

Base station transmitter 21 is identical with Fig. 1's, but has an exception,, uses non-linear modulation technology modulated spread signals E ' that is.Receiver 22,23 similarly difference is: these receivers receive the signal E ' that uses the modulation of non-linear modulation technology.And, the signal E ' and that receiver specific conversion gold code F ' of despreading modulator by receiving, J ' mixes to come this received signal of despreading E '.Resulting signal G ', K ' carry out demodulation subsequently so that information extraction H ', L '.

Carry out the conversion of its gold code of receiver 22,23 according to following principle.

1. what conformation (phasor) figure that considers received signal E ' looks like, and supposes that the information content is+1 bit and suppose that starting point is positioned at quadrant zero.

Oppositely or " reduction " this signal represent+detection of 1 bit to determine the conversion gold code F ' that when relevant, provides the high value with received signal.Such code has the real part of gold code same-sign and the imaginary part of contrary sign therewith.(this further describes below for example).

3. (selection) repeating step (1) and (2) are to detect-1 bit.

Provide an example of this principle below in conjunction with Fig. 8 and 9.

Suppose be labeled as 22 mobile station receiver A have the gold code sequence D 0,0,1,1,0}.Then, if information C be+1 bit, the signal E ' of reception will be 0,0,1,1,0}, and if information C is-1 bit, then the signal E ' of Jie Shouing will be 1,1,0,0,1}.

1. be used to detect+conversion of 1 bit

Utilization is used for+and the received signal of 1 bit is for E '={ 0,0,1,1,0} can represent to detect+1 bit.

Step 1

This signal according to sequence 1 ,-1,1,1, and-1} (wherein 0-1) with $\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}$ Step-length moves around this conformational map, shown in Fig. 8 a.This can be expressed as { i-1i1i} aspect real part and the imaginary part.

Step 2-determines conversion

Fig. 8 b represent for Fig. 8 (a)+1 bit received signal provides the conformational map of the conversion gold code of big value, this can be expressed as { i-1-i 1-i} aspect reality and the imaginary part.

The signal of correlation reception and the gold code of conversion obtain:

-i ²1-i ²1-i ²=1，1，1，1，1

=5 (high values)

2. be used to detect the conversion of-1 bit

Utilization is used for that the received signal E ' of-1 bit={ 1,1,0,0,1} also is mapped in it and can represents to detect-1 bit on conformation chart shown in Fig. 9 a.(this can be expressed as { i-1-i 1-i} step 1) aspect reality and the imaginary part.

Step 2-determines conversion

Fig. 9 b represent to form conversion gold code oppositely or " reduction " phase place so that provide big value for the signal of-1 bit reception of Fig. 9 (a), this can be expressed as { i-1i1i} aspect real part and the imaginary part.

The signal of correlation reception and the gold code of conversion obtain :-i ²1-i ²1-i ²=5 (high values)

Now we know can be by mobile station receiver A, 22 be used to detect+the suitable conversion F ' (Fig. 8 b and 9b respectively) of 1 bit and-1 bit.

3. use an example of these conversion despreadings by mobile station receiver A

{ 1, { 0,0,1,1,0} mixes the gold code sequence D of-1} and mobile station receiver A the expending modulator of supposing base station transmitter 21 with 2 bit information sequence C.Signal E ' by 21 emissions of mobile radio station transmitter will be C*D, that is, and and 0,0,1,1,0}{1,1,0,0,1}.

In one embodiment, the despreading modulator signal (next code value) of correlation reception is detected with the gold code of conversion+1 and mix with the gold code of conversion and to detect-1.Subsequently, and this that code value of interface-demodulator comparison (code ' s worth) resulting coherent signal, and determine that the symbol of emission bit is the symbol that provides peak.This carries out repetition for ensuing code value.

Get received signal first code value 0,0,1,1,0} (Fig. 8 is a)), and itself and conversion gold code carried out relevant detection the+1 (Fig. 8 b)) signal that is expanded (amassing) G ':

{i-1i1i}{-i-1-i?1-i}={1，1，1，1，1}=5

On the other hand, get this part of this received signal and itself and the gold code of conversion are carried out relevant detection the-1 (Fig. 9 (b)) obtain the long-pending G ' of despread signal:

{i-1i1i}{i-1i1i}={-1?1-1?1-1}=-1

Peak represents+detection of 1 bit, and demodulator this signal of demodulation correspondingly.

Get now received signal second code value 1,1,0,0,1} (Fig. 9 (a)) also carries out relevant detection the+1 (Fig. 8 (b)) with itself and the gold code of conversion and obtains the long-pending G ' of despread signal:

{-i-1-i?1-i}{-i-1-i?1-i}={-1?1-1?1-1}=-1

On the other hand, get this part of received signal and itself and the gold code of conversion are carried out relevant detection the-1 (Fig. 9 (b)) obtain the long-pending G ' of despread signal:

{-i-1-i?1-i}{i-1i1i}={11111}=5

Peak is represented the detection of-1 bit, and demodulator this signal of demodulation correspondingly.

Describing below provides the example with the algorithm of the conversion shown in 9 (b) such as Fig. 8 (b), and this comprises can utilize AM pulse (C ₀, C ₁Deng) the use of superposition theory of Laurent of superposition approximation phase modulated, and only consider an AM pulse (C at this embodiment ₀).Laurent uses binary representation ai to define the value of the composite phase coefficient bi relevant with the I component.According to will detect+1 still-1 n as these values of giving a definition:

If C _i=1, a then _i=1 for i=0 ... N-1} is used for detecting+1

If C _i=0, a then _i=-1 for i=0 ... N-1},

If C _i=1, a then _i=-1 for i=0 ... N-1} is used for detecting-1

If C _i=0, a then _i=1 for i=0 ... N-1},

C wherein _i={ C ₀, C ₁... C _N-1, and N is the quantity of element in this sequence.

As the composite phase coefficient b that gives a definition _i:

b _i=b _I-1+ a _iFor i=1,2 ... N-1

B wherein ₀=a ₀

And utilize ib _iProvide the Laurent approximation of phase modulated signal, that is, utilize ib _iProvide the received signal E ' among Fig. 2.As mentioned above, be this code $\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}$ The reverse conversion of phase shift provides high value when relevant with received signal, if the signal that receives has the identical symbol of symbol of being correlated with conversion therewith.Therefore, operable conversion d _iBe i-b _i

A selection conversion can using is d _i=y _iIb _i, y wherein _i=(1) ⁱ, for i=0,1 ... N-1.This conversion is to calculate effectively.

If desired, can be in conjunction with succeeding impulse (C ₁Deng) use other conversion together.This also discusses below in Fig. 5 (b) illustrated.The use of two or more pulses provides more energy on receiver, so have better transmission integrality.Preferably use four pulses.

Also can only be used to detect+conversion of 1 bit.Yet, be preferably detection ± bit and carry out this conversion, because this does not need complicated demodulator.On the contrary, inferior demodulation just relatively produces maximum to check which conversion with the signal correction that receives the time.

Fig. 3 represents code division multiple access (CDMA) transmitter according to an embodiment of the invention.CDMA comprises the frame of being made up of Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) and Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) routinely.The bit sequence 301 that sends is input to the frame constructor (builder) 302 of transmitter, and this constructor is placed on these bits in the suitable part of this frame (that is, being placed among the DPDCH).

This bit stream utilizes the expansion of gold code encoder subsequently on frequency spectrum.The following operation of this gold code encoder 103b.

Suppose { C ₀, C ₁C _N-1Bit stream

{ f ₀, f ₁F _M-1Frame sequence (that is M symbol bits)

Then the output of gold code encoder 303 is sequences of N * M item with following element:

{f ₀C ₀，f ₀C ₁，…f ₀C _N-1，f ₁C ₀…f ₁C _N-1…f _M-1C _N-1…f _N-1C _M-1}

Therefore, having the MN sheet will modulate.

Modulator 304 is modulated to these MN sheets of gold code encoder 303 outputs on the carrier wave of clock 305 outputs.The modulator 304 that generally is used for such as the cdma system of IS95 is qpsk modulators.Yet according to the present invention, this modulator is the non-linear modulation device that uses such as in the MSK modulation.In a preferred embodiment, use the GMSK modulation.The signal bandwidth of modulator 304 output is directly relevant with the frequency spectrum of the pulse that is used to form look-up table 306.Routinely, in CDMA, this look-up table comprises the data that define root raised cosine.Yet in this preferred embodiment of the present invention, this look-up table defines the different pulse that its shape can be one of following selection.The output of modulator 304 is input to digital-to-analog converter 307.This analog signal utilizes reconfigurable filter 308 to be reconstructed subsequently.Reconfigurable filter may generally comprise the switching capacity filter that is used to carry out some frequency spectrum shapings and such as the analog filter of handling remaining shaping that is mainly used in of RC filter network.In case this signal of reconstruct just inputs to power amplifier 109b with this signal, this amplifier amplifies this signal so that utilize antenna 310 to send.

This look-up table can define Gaussian pulse shape, uses in the GMSK modulation as conventional.Selectively, this shape can utilize one or more AM pulses to be similar to according to the Laurent superposition theory, and these pulses are fixed combination of the pulse of cosine and SIN function.Yet in this preferred embodiment, this look-up table stores depends on the new pulse shape of required cost function, and this new pulse shape utilizes following principle to determine.

In the modulation scheme of prior art, the impulse function that is used for the shaping data flow has predefined arithmetic relation.

For example:

For cdma system that wherein uses QPSK modulation and the PDC and the NADC system that wherein use DQPSK to modulate, root raised cosine is:

H (f)=1 | f|＜∝ For the GSM that wherein uses the MSK modulation scheme, Gauss is: $H\left(f\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\mathrm{\π}}\mathrm{\σ}}{e}^{-f^2}/{2a}^2$

Utilization is according to the pulse shape of conventional predefine arithmetic relation, and it is variable having only a parameter for a given energy level.For Gaussian pulse, this is " accumulative total (sigma) " that changes this pulse expansion, and allowing bandwidth is that cost changes with the amplitude.For root raised cosine, this variable is " α (alpha) " that changes the frequency that the cosine afterbody begins, and this influence bandwidth also thereby influence power efficiency.Relation between the expense parameter defines well, so that improve other inclinations of determining in the mode.Have no chance to improve two cost functions.

For the arithmetic modulating function that utilizes single parameter-definition, attainable trading off is to trade off by those that obtain to this parameter assignment.The single variable of this arithmetic function of system designer is set to provide acceptable balance in the defining relation between the expense parameter.

In this aspect of the invention, there is not predetermined arithmetic relation for pulse shaper.The shape that defines this pulse is to satisfy required expense parameter.Freedom with new pulse shape of selecting the mutual balance of the many expense parameters of permission.Trade-off relation between two parameters no longer so restrictedly defines, and this causes many possibilities of making us catching up with interest.Utilizing the present invention, needn't be gaussian shape for the pulse shape among the MSK.Though this special pulse shape is optimized the performance of power efficiency aspect, this is not optimum aspect spectrum efficiency.By depart from gaussian shape in frequency domain, the balance between BER, power efficiency and the bandwidth changes.

When the parameter of only revising such as Gauss's given shaped pulse, the pulse in the MSK system can be shaped as and required balance between the cost function (for example, BER, bandwidth, power efficiency, AFC) is provided and is not subjected to existing compromise control.Cost function is for positive and become more little during more near required mode function in system operation.

Simulation shows: the pulse that is used for the MSK modulation by utilization experimentizes, when keeping acceptable power efficiency, can strengthen the spectrum efficiency of telecommunication system, this allows GMSK easily to be used for cdma system by the pulse shape of revising in the MSK modulation scheme to reduce correlative charges function (that is, the bandwidth or the error rate).

Thereby, according to this embodiment, can use new pulse shape to obtain than utilizing the possible performance more performance of conventional pulse shape at present such as the existing non-linear modulation schemes of GMSK.By removing strong getting in touch between certain modulation schemes and the current problem, (for example, MSK and frequency spectrum are invalid) can select to be used for the modulation scheme of particular system on different bases.

For example, the MSK modulation scheme that has suitable pulse shape by use is implemented CDMA to satisfy desired cost function (that is, the CDMA criterion), can use single modulator to construct double mode GSM CDMA terminal * referring to Fig. 6 and 7).This pulse shape might be different for each system, and this is because cost function (desired parameters) also may be different.

Describe below according to cost function adaptive shaping impulse function so that be stored in a kind of method in the look-up table 306.

As mentioned above, only consider that so far Gauss and root raised cosine pulse are used for the modulator of telecommunication system.Laurent has advised utilizing AM pulse (C ₀, C ₁Deng) stack come the approximate Gaussian pulse, these pulses are fixed combination of the pulse of cosine and SIN function.According to this respect of the present invention, adopted diverse scheme, as described below.

Implemented to utilize the Laurent theory of the superposition approximation pulse of component.Yet, do not use this theoretical to come according to the approximate existing Gaussian pulse of fixed function component, as the basis of the pulse shape of determining to satisfy the desired criterion of particular communications system, this can finish as getting off in the stack expansion of Laurent.

At first, one or more functions of each unknown pulse component of utilization expression substitute the fixed function component in the Laurent stack expansion.Subsequently, check cost function (for example, BER, bandwidth, amplitude, AFC).That is, consider the error of the value of this particular system requirement.The weighting that can change cost function changes these results.Then, for example use optimizer to determine to make these cost functions minimum and thereby provide the value of each impulse function of the pulse shape that satisfies the particular system requirement.

Best, use two cost functions, because this provides than only using a shaping pulse that function is better.

More specifically, can following enforcement determine the method:

At first, consider the Laurent formula.According to the Laurent formula: $S_{\mathrm{NT}+\mathrm{\ΔT}}=\underset{K=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{n^{\′}=0}{\overset{L_{K-1}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{J}^{A}K,N{-n^{\′}C}_{K,n^{\′}+\mathrm{\ΔT}}$ -equation (1) wherein S (t) is a signal when time t $A_{K,N}=\underset{n=-\∞}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{a}_n-\underset{i=1}{\overset{L-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{a}_{N-i}\·{\∝}_{K,i}$

Do not use Laurent pulse C _{K, n '}, wish to use another also ignorant pulse, i.e. PULSEK _{K, n}, but wish to require to determine suitable value according to essential error function for it:

In equation 1 substitution this obtain: $S_{\mathrm{NT}+\mathrm{\ΔT}}=\underset{K=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{n^{\′}=0}{\overset{L_{K-1}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{J}^{A}K,N-n^{\′}\mathrm{PULS}{E}_{K,n^{\′}T+\mathrm{\ΔT}}$ -equation (2) wherein $J=\sqrt{-1}$

As mentioned above, PULSE is unknown, but it is read, is non-zero and has maximum length 8 in this embodiment.

In this embodiment, select to use two components (PULSE (0) and PULSE (1)) to set up S so M=2.Expand equation (2) and utilize bit stream ∝ for M=2 ₁, ∝ ₂Function come alternative functions A _k, obtain:

JAO，N-5(J(∝ _N-4+∝ _N-3+∝ _N-2+∝ _N-1+∞ _N) Pulse[0][δT]+

J(∝ _N-4+∝ _N-3+∝ _N-2+∝ _N-1) Pulse[0][T+δT]+

J(∝ _N-4+∝ _N-3+∝ _N-2) Pulse[0][2T+δT]+

J(∝ _N-4+∝ _N-3) Pulse[0][3T+δT]+J∝ _N-4?Pulse[0][4T+δT]+

Equation (3)

Because ∝ represents bit, then it must be plus or minus 1. therefore, each in the equation (3) can be identified as it and be real or empty (supposing that this impulse function is real).

For example, get this equational first:

J(∝ _N-4+∝ _N-3+∝ _N-2+∝ _N-1+∝ _N)

∝ _N-4, ∝ _N-2, ∝ _N=strange → void

∝ _N-3, ∝ _N-1=idol → reality

Therefore, the absolute value that might calculate this expression formula is the function of bit (∝ s).That carries out determines to send what ∝ at time N.(in idealized system, this will be the signal that receives on base band.)

Check equation 3 (for example) for simple receiver, can infer as its oneself time at time (N+4) T emission bit ∝ _N-4, this is empty value, and must consider interference (that is other void) pulse.An absolute value for distracter and pulse real in this expression formula can all be left in the basket.

It is minimum that this is disturbed.For example, can be by making a Pulse[0] improve the BER performance at time (N+4) T greater than every other absolute value.

Therefore, suppose the ∝ sequence:

{∝ _N，∝ _N-1，…∝ _N-7}={1，1，1，1，1，1，1，1}

This pulse can be calculated according to unknown pulse at the absolute value of time Δ T, also can calculate the absolute value of distracter at time Δ T according to unknown pulse, for ∝ _N-∞ ₇1, each of-1 may make up (that is, all 2 ⁸=256 kinds of possibilities) carry out this.For every kind of possibility, obtain to be used for the expression formula and the absolute value of distracter.

In this embodiment, require this pulse for some criterion that satisfies relevant power, BER, AFC and bandwidth.Therefore, determine its error function.

Suppose 8 oversampling, Δ T can get following value: $\mathrm{\&Delta;T}=\{0,\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="T"\; filenames="9980426200643.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}{8},\frac{2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="T"\; filenames="9980426200643.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}{8},\frac{3\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="T"\; filenames="9980426200643.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}{8},...\frac{7T}{8}\}$

Obviously, can change oversampling speed according to the level of desired pulse sampling.

Get above-mentioned each value for Δ T, calculate amplitude and BER expense.The total expense of each value be whole 8 expression formulas of obtaining on possible sequence and.

Expense (error) function

(ⅰ) amplitude error function

Suppose 1 uniform amplitude, can utilize following formula to provide amplitude error:

{ absolute value ²-1 ²} ²

(ⅱ) BER error function

In order to calculate this function, need to determine noisiness that this utilizes following formula to provide:

{ absolute value of interference region } ²

(ⅲ) energy error function

The quadratic sum of desired energy-sample point.

(ⅳ) bandwidth error function

In order to estimate the bandwidth of pulse, require derived pulse function (this on this grade still unknown), this derivation can be approximately poor between two adjacent pulse values.Utilize following formula to provide the bandwidth of a pulse:

∑ { derivative on the sample point } ²

This can followingly determine: suppose the pulse duration of 8T and utilized this pulse of 8 oversamplings.According to Laurent:

Pulse[0] [t] be non-zero, for 0≤t≤9T

Pulse[1] [t] be non-zero, for 0≤t≤7T unknown pulse be: Be convenient expression: utilize X _{0, m 8+n}Represent $\mathrm{Pulse}\&lsqb;0\&rsqb;\&lsqb;\mathrm{mT}+\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="nT"\; filenames="9980426200643.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">nT</figure-callout>}}{8}\&rsqb;$ Utilize X _{1, m 8+n}Represent $\mathrm{Pulse}\&lsqb;0\&rsqb;\&lsqb;\mathrm{mT}+\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="nT"\; filenames="9980426200643.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">nT</figure-callout>}}{8}\&rsqb;$ Then for example: Adjacent sample point has adjacent numbering and this group unknown function becomes: X _{0, i}I=0 wherein, 1,2 ... 71 and X _{1, i}I=0 wherein, 1,2 ... 55 results, pulse[0] approximate bandwidth as follows:

In the present embodiment,, then need to be PULSE[1 with determining the bandwidth of second component] determine similar expression formula, this is as follows:

Similarly, can determine whether to require other pulses further to improve the expression formula that sends signal integrity.

The total bandwidth of the pulse of forming by two components=(a)+(b)

By the error function above the weighting (for example, 0.3 is used for power, and 0.3 is used for BER, and 0.4 be used for bandwidth, if or system for example only require the consideration bandwidth, then 0 is used for power and BER, and 1 is used for bandwidth), can design this pulse especially according to system requirements.In case go wrong, can add another weighting, unique restriction be total weighting must equal+1.

Be X according to unknown function now _{0, i}(i=0-71) and X _i, j (i=0-55) represents total error function.For the value of determining suitable unknown function and thereby infer pulse shape, use conventional for example ready-made optimizer to make this expression formula minimum.

Fig. 4 is the block diagram with band spread receiver of non-linear demodulation device.In this embodiment, this receiver replenishes the CDMA transmitter of Fig. 3, and it comprises antenna, lower frequency changer circuit 401, the analogue-digital converter 402 that is used to receive spread signal, device and the despreader 404 that is used to store receiver code.This despreader comprises the correlator 406 of the device 405 that is used for the conversion receiver code according to the present invention, the signal that is used for correlation reception and transform code and is used for determining the comparator 407 of the symbol of received signal.The operation of this receiver can be top in conjunction with Fig. 2,8 and 9 described.

Code converter 405 can include only and be used to detect+conversion of 1 bit.In this case, this comparator supposition is+1 when the value of the coherent signal of correlator 406 outputs surpasses a certain thresholding and is-1 when being lower than this thresholding.Yet such receiver requires more complicated demodulation.Be used to detect-1 conversion if this converter 405 also has, then better simply demodulation is possible.In this case, this comparator determines to produce peaked symbol, that value should be also surpasses noise electricity face, and therefore do not require complicated separating transfer to determine the signal that in fact receives be predetermined give that receiver-1 or be scheduled to the noise that signal caused to other receivers.

Fig. 5 a and 5b represent the cdma receiver according to preferred embodiment, and this replenishes the transmitter of the signal of launching the superimposed structure that uses a plurality of amplitude-modulated pulses.

As finding out from Fig. 5 (a), lower frequency changer circuit 401 comprises at least 1 IF level 501, frequency mixer 502a and 502b and low pass filter 503a and 503b.The signal that receives so that its frequency is reduced to base band frequency and subsequently this Signal Separation is its I and Q component, and uses frequency mixer 502a and 502b and low pass filter 503a and 503b from then on to remove carrier wave in the signal by IF level 501.This signal utilizes A/D converter 504a and 504b to be transformed to digital signal and to send demodulator stage 404 to from analog signal then.Fig. 5 (b) more specifically represents this demodulator stage.

Code converter 405 conversion gold codes with amplitude-modulated pulse that detect to form this received signal+1 and-1.Provide exemplary conversion below:

Conversion 1 (T1) 505a (being to detect an AM pulse+1 code element).

y _i=(1) ⁱFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1

Suppose code { C ₀, C ₁... C _N-1Be gold code, wherein N is the quantity of element in this sequence.

If c _i=1, a _i=1; For i=0,1,2 ... N-1

If c _i=0, a _i=-1; For i=0,1,2 ... N-1

b ₀=a ₀；

b _i=b _I-1+ a _iFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1;

d _i=y _ii ^BiFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1; With $i=\sqrt{(-1)}$ Has another conversion that also can use.Conversion 1b (being to detect an AM pulse+1 code element) uses the identical representation d of dI _I=i ^-biFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1; With conversion 2 (T2) 505b (for detecting-1 code element of an AM pulse).y _i=(1) ⁱFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1 supposition code { C ₀, C ₁... C _N-1, wherein N is the quantity of element in this sequence.If c _i=1, a _i=-1; For i=0,1,2 ... if N-1 is c _i=0, a _i=1; For i=0,1,2 ... N-1b ₀=a ₀b _i=b _I-1+ a _iFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1; d _i=y _ii ^BiFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1; With $i=\sqrt{(-1)}$ Has another conversion that also can use.Conversion 2b (for detecting-1 code element of an AM pulse) d _I=i ^-biFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1 conversion 3 (T3) 505c (being to detect the 2nd AM pulse+1 code element).y _i=(1) ⁱFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1 supposition code { C ₀, C ₁... C _N-1, wherein N is the quantity of element in this sequence.If c _i=1, a _i=1; For i=0,1,2 ... if N-1 is c _i=0, a _i=-1; For i=0,1,2 ... N-1b ₀=a ₀The a of-/+ _Nb _i=b _I-1+ a _i-a _I-1For i=0,1,2 ... N-1d _i=y _ii ^BiFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1 and $i=\sqrt{(-1)}$ Has another conversion that also can use.Conversion 3b (for detecting-1 code element of the 2nd AM pulse) d _i=i ^-biFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1; Conversion 4 (being to detect the 2nd AM pulse+1 code element).y _i=(1) ⁱFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1 supposition code { C ₀, C ₁... C _N-1, wherein N is the quantity of element in this sequence.If c _i=1, a _i=-1; For i=0 ... if N-1 is c _i=0, a _i=1; For i=0 ... N-1b ₀=a ₀The a of-/+ _Nb _i=b _I-1+ a _I-a _I-1For i=0,1,2 ... N-1d _i=y _ii ^BiFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1 and $i=\sqrt{(-1)}$

Has another conversion that also can use.

Conversion 4b (for detecting-1 code element of the 2nd AM pulse)

d _i=i ^-biFor i=0,1,2 ... N-1

Equally, correlator 406 is carried out corresponding pulses relevant of each transform code and received signal.For example, be used to detect+1 the conversion gold code with an AM pulse correlation utilizes an AM pulse (x of correlator 506a and received signal _I1, x _Q1) be correlated with, with coherent signal y ₁Absolute value Z ₁Send comparator 407 to.For be used to detect an AM pulse of-1 and be used to detect+1 the same stage with the 2nd AM pulse that is used to detect-1 appears.

Comparator 407 determine the signals that receive be+1 or-1, the absolute value (Z that this receives by comparator from then on ₁-Z ₄) and expectation absolute value (E ₁-E ₄) relatively realize, suppose that this received signal has the symbol of detection.Value E ₁-E ₄Can calculate in advance and be stored in this receiver.In this embodiment, if the signal that receives be+1, Z then ₁With Z ₃Value will be near its relevant desired value E ₁With E ₃So, h ₁With h ₃Value will be little.On the contrary, Z ₂With Z ₄To compare E ₂With E ₄Be worth much smaller so that h ₂With h ₄Value will be big.Therefore, this comparator determines that+1 is received as h ₁+ h ₃＜h ₂+ h ₄Selectively, if receive-1, Z ₂With Z ₄Value will be near its desired value E ₂With E ₄So, h ₂+ h ₄Value will be little, and Z ₁With Z ₃To compare E ₁With E ₃Much smaller, so that h ₁With h ₃It will be bigger value.Therefore, this comparator determines that-1 is received as h ₂+ h ₄＜h ₁+ h ₃When having very little interference on this channel, receiver only need be carried out the relevant of first pulse.

AM pulse for other can provide similar conversion, so long as words of wishing like this.Yet the use of preceding two pulses generally is acceptable, because can find most of energy in these pulses.

Fig. 6 represents double mode GSM/CDMA transmitter, and this transmitter has common modulation device 604, and this is possible, because the invention provides the compatibility between non-linear modulation schemes and the spread spectrum scheme (being GMSK and CDMA in this case).This embodiment provides preferred solution, this is because utilize the transmitter with two look-up table 606a and 606b to reduce the cost function restriction of certain modulation schemes, and wherein these two tables define the impulse function that the cost function that satisfies GSM and CDMA requires in this embodiment respectively.As understanding, many elements can be used for GSM and CDMA operation and comprise a transducer when requiring two elements, and the transducer between it depends on the operation of this transmitter.For example, if bit sequence 601 will need to utilize gold code encoder 603 to encode in the CDMA pattern.Therefore, this transducer gold code encoder therewith connects, and if the modulator so far of will directly transferring in the GSM pattern.Similarly, if in the GSM pattern, utilize GSM look-up table 606a to provide shaping pulse and transducer 611 that connection is provided, so can be according to the data shaping bit sequence in this look-up table.At last, provide transducer 612, be used for the suitable operator scheme of this transmitter so that power amplifier is linked filter network.

Fig. 7 represents that double mode GSM/CDMA receiver is to replenish the transmitter of Fig. 6.

The sequence of complex numbers 701 of receiver reception is changed between GSM demodulator 703a and CDMA demodulator 703b according to the operator scheme of this receiver thus.GSM demodulator 703a is conventional GSM demodulator, for example comprises Viterbi decoder.On the other hand, CDMA demodulator 703b is according to demodulator of the present invention.That is, the demodulation shown in Fig. 4 and/or 5 utilizes code to expand and the demodulator of the signal modulated according to non-linear modulation schemes.In this mode, receiver is determined the original bit sequence 704 of emission thus.

Preferably, Fig. 6 and 7 double mode transmitter and the receiver control signal that utilizes two (or a plurality of) pulses to constitute.Though this comprises that receiver more handles, and has better transmission integrality, this is particularly useful for arrowband GSM (for example, the BT product of 0.I5), and wherein first pulse does not improve enough approximation, and this is because second pulse comprises a large amount of information.

Figure 10 a-10d represent to be arranged to different synchronization points detect+1 bit via the receiver despreading+1 bit.

Figure 10 a represent (by utilize the gold code sequence extension have+bit of 1 value and emission adopt the resulting bit of GMSK type modulation that uses two pulses to obtain) baseband signal relevant real-valued, and identical code rotation x bit and carry out conversion subsequently and have+bit of 1 value with reception uses the x of first pulse conduct conversion between 0 and 250.

Figure 10 b represent (by utilize the gold code sequence extension have+bit of 1 value and emission adopt the resulting bit of GMSK type modulation that uses two pulses to obtain) baseband signal relevant real-valued, and identical code rotation x bit and carry out conversion subsequently and have+bit of 1 value with reception uses the x of first pulse conduct conversion between 0 and 20.

Figure 10 c represent (by utilize the gold code sequence extension have+bit of 1 value and emission adopt the resulting bit of GMSK type modulation that uses two pulses to obtain) the relevant empty value of baseband signal, and identical code rotation x bit and carry out conversion subsequently and have+bit of 1 value with reception uses the x of first pulse conduct conversion between 0 and 20.

Figure 10 d represent (by utilize the gold code sequence extension have+bit of 1 value and emission adopt the resulting bit of GMSK type modulation that uses two pulses to obtain) the relevant absolute value of baseband signal, and identical code rotation x bit and carry out conversion subsequently and have+bit of 1 value with reception uses the x of first pulse conduct conversion between 0 and 20.

This receiver for example can use the conversion shown in Fig. 8 a to come conversion to be used for the code of this data-signal of despreading (+1 bit).This conversion can utilize top associative transformation 505A given conversion T1 or T1b to implement.As from Figure 10 a-d, finding out, detect+1 bit and information bit 101 and can successfully discern, this is because its amplitude ratio noise plane 102 is much bigger.

For despread signal successfully, the code that this despreader or decoder use must be corresponding to expander or the employed code of encoder.Figure 11 represents to utilize a code to expand and utilizes the conversion of another code to carry out the auto-correlation of the signal of despreading by receiver subsequently.More specifically, Figure 11 represent (by utilize the gold code sequence extension have+bit of 1 value and emission adopt the resulting bit of GMSK type modulation that uses two pulses to obtain) the relevant absolute value of baseband signal, and identical code rotation x bit and carry out conversion subsequently and have+bit of 1 value with reception uses the x of first pulse conduct conversion between 0 and 250.Can find out that from Figure 11 this signal can not separate with the noise range in this case.

Figure 12 a represents to be arranged at different synchronization points and detects-1 bit and by-1 bit of receiver despreading.Promptly, Figure 12 a represents the relevant absolute value of (adopting the resulting bit of GMSK type modulation of two pulses of use to obtain by the bit and the emission that utilize the gold code sequence extension to have-1 value) baseband signal, and identical code rotation x bit also carries out the bit that conversion has-1 value with reception subsequently, uses the x of first pulse as conversion between 0 and 250.

This receiver for example can use the conversion shown in Fig. 8 b to come this code of conversion with this data-signal of despreading (1 bit).This conversion can utilize top associative transformation 505B given conversion T2 or T2b to implement.As understanding, determine its amplitude ratio noise plane 102 much bigger-1 bits.

On the other hand, Figure 12 b is illustrated in the output of the receiver that is arranged to detection (for example, using with receiver output shown in Figure 10)+1 bit when attempting despreading-1 bit.Promptly, Figure 12 b represents the relevant absolute value of (adopting the resulting bit of GMSK type modulation of two pulses of use to obtain by the bit and the emission that utilize the gold code sequence extension to have-1 value) baseband signal, and identical code rotation x bit and carry out conversion subsequently and have+bit of 1 value with reception uses the x of first pulse conduct conversion between 0 and 250.As can be seen, in this embodiment, this bit can not separate with the noise range.

Figure 13 represents top in conjunction with the difference between described two transform methods of Fig. 5.Figure 13 a represent with b (by utilize the training sequence expansion in the GMSK frame, find have+bit and the emission of 1 value adopt the resulting bit of GMSK type modulation of two pulses of use to obtain) baseband signal relevant real-valued, and same training sequence rotation x bit and carry out conversion subsequently and have+bit of 1 value with reception uses the x that is respectively applied for different transform method I1 and T1b of first pulse conduct conversion between 0 and 25.

Figure 13 c represent with Figure 13 d (by utilize the training sequence expansion in the GMSK frame, find have+bit and the emission of 1 value adopt the resulting bit of GMSK type modulation of two pulses of use to obtain) baseband signal relevant real-valued, and same training sequence rotation x bit and carry out conversion subsequently and have+bit of 1 value with reception uses the x that is respectively applied for different transform method T3 and T3b of second pulse conduct conversion between 0 and 25.As finding out from Figure 13 a and 13b, when utilizing this data-signal of Laurent type impulse approximation, two conversion T1 and T1b provide similar result.Yet in narrowband systems, second pulse of Laurent approximate data comprises needs and extracts to provide the bulk information of acceptable integrality especially.As from Figure 13 c and d, finding out, in this case, preferably use conversion T3 and do not use T3b.

Appendix 1 provides other backgrounds of relevant Figure 10-13 and arithmetic simulation of the present invention also is provided.

The present invention includes its clear and definite or general any novel characteristics disclosed herein or property combination and no matter the problem whether it relates to invention required for protection or alleviate any or all of solution.

In view of top description, obviously in category of the present invention, can carry out various modifications to those skilled in the art.For example, obviously relevant dual mode telephone comprises the telephone set with two or more patterns.

It also is conspicuous can revising described conversion, because this falls in the category of the present invention.At first, the sequence that obtains from these conversion can be rotated circularly, and the element of the sequence that secondly obtains from these conversion can multiply by a constant (reality or imaginary number).

The appendix 1 of relevant these application documents is introduced in this as a reference.

Needs["RingFunctionsDiffEncoded'"]

Names["RingFunctionsDiffEncoded'*"]

{AllGoldsequences，AutocorrelationSequence，AutomorphismSigma，CodingTransform，

CodingTransformNew，CrosscorrelationSequence，CyclicMultiplntiveGroup，

DropLeadingZeros，GoldSequence，GraeffeMethod，InitialConditions，MinimumPoly，

ModuloMultplication，PolynomialMultiplication，PossibleDivissrs，RingDivision，

RingPower，SequenceGenerator，SpecifiedGoldSequences，TraceAeprtsentation，

TupleRepresentation，TwoAdicExpansion，UnitsRing，ZeroPad，ZersSequences，T，o}

Needs["LaurentFunctions'"]

RuleDelayed::rhs:Fattern?t_?appears?on?the?right-hand?side?of?rule

PhaseAngle(L_)(t_):->?{PhaseAngleiLi(t_)=Module({x1，x2，x3，x4，x5，x6}，<<1>>)}。

Needs["LaurentNotationTest'"]

Needs::nocont:Context?LaurentNotationTest'?was?not?creatad?when?Keeds?was?evaluated。Can use and help to obtain the relevant information of using function.

Names["LaureutFunctions'*"]

{AKN，AlphaKI，ANKInitialstatesetUp，BT，FiltPulse，h，hFiltered，InitialState，J，

LaurentC，LaurentLK，LaurentS，M，ModulatingPulse，ModulationIndex，Modulator，

MumberofCurves，PhaseAngle，PhaseAngleFast，Receiver，ReceiverProper，s，

SemplingInterval，StartingQuadrant，SyncSample，T，C，φ，ψ} $T:=\frac{3}{812500}$

BT：=0．3

ModulationIndex:= $\frac{1}{2}$

<<ModulatorData．m；

<<OptimalpulseShapes．m；

Plot[OptPulse[L]?[0]?[t]，(t，0，8)]

-Graphics-

Table[

Plot[OptPulse[L]?[1]?[t]，(t，0，6)]

$\frac{3}{812500}$ For strobe pulse, chronomere is T=1, for this time unit, pulse is scaled $T=\frac{3}{812500}$

Plot[FiltPulse[L]?[0][t]，{t，0，BT}]

By Serdar Boztas and P Vijay Kumar appointed method formation sequence, the numbering of these sequences is numberings of using in this article to the golden sequence sets use of-Graphics-in list of references (1).Generate the little subclass of these sequences.Utilize the quaternary multinomial that uses, have 2 ¹⁰+ 1 sequence.Suppose any binary primitive polynomial, can generate corresponding quaternary multinomial.

Goldseqlist=

SpecifiedGoldSequences[{1,3,2,1,0,3,0,0,1}] [1,2,3, Lest-1, Last}]; Last sequence of sequence table has good autocorrelation performance.Last sequence is actually the m sequence that length is 1023 bits.

Goldseqlist//Last

{1，0，0，0，0，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，0，

0，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，

0，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，

1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，

0，1，0，1，1，0，1，0，1，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，

0，1，1，0，0，0，0，1，1，0，0，1，0，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，

1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，0，0，0，0，1，0，0，0，0，1，

1，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，0，0，1，0，0，1，0，1，0，0，1，1，0，0，

1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，0}

AutocorrelationSequence[Goldseqlist//Last]

(255，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1, the 3rd sequence in this table of-1} has following auto-correlation

AutocorrelationSequence[Goldseqlist//#[[3]]&]

{255，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-17，-1，-1，-1，-17，-1，-17，-17，-17，-1，-17，-1，-1，

-1，-1，15，-1，-1，15，15，-17，-17，-1，-17，15，-1，-1，-17，15，-1，15，-1，15，-1，

15，-1，-1，15，-17，-1，15，-1，-1，-17，-17，-17，-1，-17，15，15，15，-1，-1，15，

-17，15，-1，-1，-1，-1，15，15，-1，15，-1，-1，-17，-17，15，-1，-1，15，15，-1，-1，

-17，-1，-1，-17，-1，-1，15，-1，15，-17，-1，-1，-17，-1，-1，15，-1，-17，15，-1，15，

-1，15，?15，-1，15，-17，15，15，-1，15，-1，15，-17，-1，-1，-1，15，-17，-17，15，-1，

-17，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-1，-17，-1，15，-17，-17，15，-1，-1，-1，-17，15，-1，15，-1，

15，15，-17，15，-1，15，15，-1，15，-1，15，-17，-1，15，-1，-1，-17，-1，-1，-17，

15，-1，15，-1，-1，-17，-1，-1，-17，-1，-1，15，15，-1，-1，15，-17，-17，

-1，-1，15，-1，15，15，-1，-1，-1，-1，15，-17，15，-1，-1，15，15，15，-17，

-1，-17，-17，-17，-1，-1，15，-1，-17，15，-1，-1，15，-1，15，-1，15，-1，

15，-17，-1，-1，15，-17，-1，-17，-17，15，15，-1，-1，15，-1，-1，-1，-1，

-17 ,-1 ,-17 ,-17 ,-17 ,-1 ,-17 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-17 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1} generates the output of modulator

NodOutput=Modulator[L]?[(Goldseqlist//Last)/.(0->-1)，NumberOfCurves->2，

ModulatingPulse-〉FiltPulse, SamplingInterval-〉T/4]; Check output

ListPlot[(Re[ModOutput]，Im[Nodoutput])//Transpose，PlotJoines->True，

AspectRatio-〉1] -Graphics is present, attempts to utilize--and the sample size of testing every of the sequence of modulation equals

(Receiver[L] [and ModOutput, StartingQuadrant-〉0,

SamplingInterval-〉T/4, ModulatingPulse-〉Fi1tPu1se) //Drop[#, 4] ﹠amp; )-{ (Goldseqlist//Last//Drop[# ,-4] a)/, (0-〉-1) } { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, the successful demodulated stream ModOutputopt=Nodulator[L of 0}] [(Goldseqlist//Last)/, (0-〉-1), NurberOfCurves-〉and 2, KodulatingPulse-〉OptPulseScaled, SamplingInterval-〉T/4); ListPlot[{Ra[ModOutputOpt], Im[ModOutputOpt] //Transpose, PlotJoined-〉True, AspectRatio-〉1], CDMA operation supposition for example by-1 and 1 code element stream that constitutes 1,1 ,-1 ,-1 ... an example,

The CDMA of single code element decoding with the module that 1} is relevant is exported ModOutputPlusOne=Nodulator[L] { CDMAEncode ((1), (Goldseqlist//Last)/. (0-〉-1) }, NumberOfCurves-〉2, ModulatingPulse-〉OptPulseScaled, SamplinpInterval-〉T/4]; This is to be used to study autocorrelative basic decoder, and this will help the Take[ModOutputPlusOne that decodes, 10] { 0.691379+0.510132I, 0.431257+0.748432I, 0.130196+0.863609I ,-0.163585+0.853405I ,-0.510127+0.69136I,-0.748423+0.431231I,-0.863782+0.130145I ,-0.853326-0.183682I ,-0.69115-0.516321I,-0.430757-0.74887I}PrimitiveCDMAReceiver[ModOutput_, Goldseq_, Sample_, OverSempling_): # Module[{x1, x2State, x3Update, x4, x5State, x6)

x1=Partition[ModOutput，OverSampling]//Transpose//#[[sample]]&；

x2State=Goldseq/.(0->-1)；

x5State=Table[(-1)＾Mod[1，2]，(i，0，Length[x2State]-1))；

x3Update：=Module{(}，

x2Stato=RotateRight[x2State]；x4=FoldLiat[Plus，0，x2State]//Rest//I＾#&；

X5State=RotateRight (x5State); X1 (x5State x4) //Apply (Plus, #] ﹠amp; ]; Table[x3Update, (i, 1, Length[GoldSeq])]] make it more effective PrimitiveCDMAReceiver2[ModOutput_, GoldSeq_, Sample_, OverSampling_] :=Module[(x1, x2State, x3Update, x4, x5State, x5), x1=Partition[ModOutput, OverSempling] //Transpose//#[[Sample]] ﹠amp; X2State=GoldSeq/. (0-〉-1);

x5State=Table[(1)＾Mod[1，2]，(i，0，Length[x2State]-1)]；???x3Update:=Module{(}，

x2State=RotateRight(x2State)；x4=FoldList[Plus，0，x2Sct:q]//Rest//I＾-#&；

x5State=RotateRight[x5State]；x1(x5Statex4)//Apply[Plus，#]&]；Table[x3Update，(i，1，Length[GoldSeq]]]]Tom=PrimitiveCDMAReceiver[ModOutputPlusOne，(Goldseqlist//Last)，1，4)；ListPlot[Tom//Re，PlotJoined->True，PlotRange->A11]

-Graphics-Tom=PrimitiveCDMAReceiver2[ModoutputPlusone，(Goldsoqlist//Last)，1，4)；ListP1ot[Tom//Re，PlotJoined->True，PlotRange->All] -Graphics-Tom3=PrimitiveCDMAReceiver2[ModOutputPlusOne3，(Goldseqlist／／#[[3]]&)，1，4]； -Graphics-Tom4=PrimitiveCDMAReceiver2[ModOutputPlusOne3，(Goldseqlist//#[[4]]a)，1，4]；ListPlot[Tom4//Re，PlotJoined->True，PlotRange->All]

-Graphics-Tom5=PrimitiveCDMAReceiver[ModOutputPlusOne3，(Goldseqlist//#[[4]]&)，1，4]；ListPlot[Tom5//Re，PlotJoined->True，PlotRange->All] Length[Tom]255Take[Tom，20]{1．75501+0．329995I，0．0343421-1．58366I，1．39349+29．6902I，133．017-0．957068I，?-0．718377+165．563I，-43．6424-2．04777I，2．21031+0．256636I，5．392+2．18642I，?-3．13017+6．54167I，3．61193-2．5452I，-1．68586+5．24864I，3．33277-1．96193I，?4．93409-5．10993I，?-1．90672-5．29083I，3．34843+0．914983I，-1．24192+4．93512I，?-3．90572-2．50768I，-6．70085+2．60649I，0．886488-4．00636I，10．5807-2．08322I}ListPlot[Tom//Re//Take[#，20]a，PlotJoined->True，PlotRange->A11]

-?Graphics-ListPlot[Tom//Im//Take[#，20]&，PlotJoined->True，P1otRange->A11] -Graphics-Take[Tom，10]{1．75501+0．329995I，0．0343421-1．58366I，1．39349+29．6902I，153．017-0．957068I，??-0．718377+165．563I，-63．6424-2．04777I，2．21031+0．256636I，5．392+2．18642I，??-3．13017+6．54167I，3．61193-2．5452I}ListPlot[Tom//Re//Take[#，20]&，PlotJoined->True，PlotRage->All]

-Graphics-ListPlot[Tom//Im//Take[#，20]&，PlotJoined->True，PlotRanga->All] -Graphics-ListPlot[Tom//Abs//Take[#，20]&，PlotJoined->True，PlotRange->All]

-Graphics-is on probation than difference sequence

ModOutputPlusOne3=Nodulator[L][CDMARncodn[(1)，Goldseqlist//=[(3)]&]，

NumberOfCurvos->2，ModulatingPulso->OptPulsaScalad，samylingIntorval->T／C]；PrimitiveCDMAReceiverMinus[ModOutput_，Goldseq_，Sample_，OverSampling_]；=?Module[(x1，x2State，x3Update，x4，x5State，x6)，???x1=Partition[ModOutput，OverSampling)//Transpose//#[[Sample]]&；???x2State=-(GoldSeq/，(0->-1))；

x5State=Table[(-1)＾Mod[1，2]，(i，0，Length[x2State]-1)]；???x3Update：=Module{()，

x2State=RotateRight[x2State]；x4=FoldList[Plus，0，x2State]//Rest//I＾#&；

X5State=RotateRight[x5State], x1 (x5State x4) //Apply (P1us, #] ﹠amp; ]; Table[x3Update, and i, 1, Length[GoldSeq] }]] Tom4=PrimitiveCDMAReceiver[ModOutputPlusOne3, (Goldseqlist//#[[3]] ﹠amp; ), 1,4]; Take[Tom4,10] { 14.7675-4.24542I ,-0.301874+8.61802I,-5.92939+29.6038I ,-154.61-10.4754I, 6.64138+166.152I, 45.2887-7.16233I,-12.809+2.47796I, 3.45948-19.7653I, 14.2097+6.33624I, 0.585872-6.10244I}ListPlot[Tom4//Re//Take[#, 20] a, PlotJoined-〉True, P1otRange-〉All]

-Graphics-ListPlot[Tom4//Im//Take (#, 20] ﹠amp; , PlotJoined-〉and True, PlotRange-〉All]

-Graphics-ModOutputMinusOne=Nodulator[L] [CDMARncode[(-1), (Goldseqlist//Last)/. (0-〉-1)], NumberOfCurves-〉2, ModulatingPulse-〉OptPulseScaled, SamplingInterval-〉T/4]; TomM1=PrimitiveCDMAReceiverMinus[ModOutputMinusOne, (Goldsoqlist//Last), 1,4]; -Graphics-TomM1=PrimitiveCDMAReceiver[ModOutputMinusOne, (Goldseqlist//Last), 1,4]; ListPlot[TomM1//Im, PlotJoined-〉True, PlotRange-〉All] -Graphics-Length[Tom] 255Take[Tom, 20] { 1.75501+0.329995I, 0,0343421-1.58366I, 1.39349+29.6902I, 150.017-0.957058I ,-0.718377+165.563I ,-63.6424-2.04777I, 2.21031+0.256636I, 5.392+2.18642I,-3.13017+6.54167I, 3.61193-2.5452I ,-1.68586+5.24864I, 3.38277-1.96193I, 4.93408-5.10993I,-1.90672-5.29083I, 3.34843+0.914983I ,-1.24192+4.93512I ,-3.90572-2.50766I ,-6.70085+2.60649I, 0.886488-4.00636I 12.5807-2.08322I} checks the correlation properties GSM=(0,0,1,0 of training sequence among the GSM, 0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1) { 0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,11,1}GSMseq={-1 ,-1,1 ,-1 ,-1,1 ,-1,1,1,1,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1,1,-1 ,-1 ,-1,1 ,-1,-1,1 ,-1,1,1,1}{-1 ,-1,1 ,-1 ,-1,1 ,-1,1,1,1,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1,1,-1 ,-1 ,-1,1-1 ,-1,1 ,-1,1,1,1}AutocorrelationSequence[GSMseq] { 26,-2 ,-2,2 ,-2 ,-2,-2,6 ,-10,2,10,-2 ,-2 ,-2 ,-2 ,-2,10,2 ,-10,6 ,-2,-2 ,-2,2 ,-2,-2}ModOutputGSM=Modulator (L) [GSMseq, NumberOfCurves-〉2, NodulatingPulse-〉OptulseScaled, SamplingInterval-〉T/4]; TomGSM1=PrimitiveCDMAReceiver[ModOutputGSM, GSMseq, 1,4]; ListPlot[TomGSM1//Abs, PlotJoined-〉True, PlotRange-〉All]

-Grephics-PrimitiveCDMAReceiver2[ModOutputGSM, GSMseq, 1,4]; ListPlot[%90//Abs, PlotJoined-〉True, PlotRange-〉All]

-Graphics-PrimitiveCDMAReceiver (ModOutputGSM, GSMseq, 1,4]; ListP1ot[%92//Abs, PlotJoined-〉True, PlotRange-〉All]

-Graphics-PrimitiveCDMAReceiverGSM2Pulse{ModOutput_, GoldSeq_, Sample_, 0verSampling_}:=Module{ (x1, x2State, x3Update, x4, x5State, x5, x6}, x1=Partition{Mod0utput, OverSampling} //Transpose//#{[Sample] } ﹠amp; X2State=GoldSeq/. (0-〉-1);

x5State=Table[(-1)^Mod[i，2]，{i，o，Length[x2State]-1}]；???x3Update：=Module{(}，x2State=RotateRight[x2State]；

x4=FoldList[Plus，0，x2State]//Rest；

x5=Join[{1}，x2State//Drop[#，-1]&]；

X6=FoldList[Plus, 0, x5] //Rest//I^#﹠amp; X5State=RotateRight[x5State]; X1 (x5State x6) //Apply[Plus, #] ﹠amp; ]; Table[x3Update, and i, 1, Length[GoldSeq] }]] TomGSMSecondp=PrimitiveCDMAReceiverGSM2Pulse[ModOutputGS M, GSMseq, 1,4]; ListPlot[TomGSMSecondP//Abs, PlotJoined-〉True, PlotRange-〉All]

ListPlot[TomGSMSocondPEEE2//Abs, PlotJoined-〉True, PlotRange-〉All] -Graphics-n utilizes the CDMA of several code elements of training sequence receiver to decode at first, generates modulator output.For simplicity, very short training sequence will be used.Suppose that this training sequence is a GSM training sequence, suppose the protection sequence be 1,1,1}.Suppose and generate data symbols at random.Data1={1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0}; Data2={0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1}; Guard={1,1,1}{1,1,1}training={0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1}; The GSM training sequence be 0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1}.In fact, the m sequence of any weak point can be used to characterize this output.Only utilize the gsm scheme differently to encode at this moment.Frame=Join{guard, data1, training, data2, guard}Ceneral:; Spe111:Possible spelling error; New symbol name " frame " is similar to existing symbol " Frame ", { 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1, O, 1,1,0,1,0,0,0, O, 1, O, 0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1}CSMDiffEnodedFrame[frame_] :=Module[{x1, x2, x3}, x1=Partition{frame, 2,1}; X2=Nap[Mod[#[[1]]+#[[2]], 2] a, x1] //Join{{frame{{1}}}, #}﹠amp; X3=x2/.{0-〉1,1-〉-1}}General::spelll:Possiblc spelling error:new symbol name " Frame " is similnr to existing symbol " Frame ", frameEncoded=GSMDiffEncodedframe (frame) { 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1,-1 ,-1,1,1 ,-1 ,-1,1-1 ,-1,-1,1,1 ,-1 ,-1,1 ,-1 ,-1,-1,1,1 ,-1,1,1,1,-1 ,-1,1,1 ,-1 ,-1,1,-1 ,-1 ,-1,1,1 ,-1,1,-1 ,-1 ,-1,1 ,-1 ,-1 ,-1,-1,1 ,-1 ,-1,1 ,-1 ,-1,-1,1 ,-1,1,1,1,1}

Carrfreq001=Table[E^ (I2 Pi0.001j) //N, j, 0, Length[ModOutputFrame3]-1}]; Carr001=ModOutpuFrame3 Carrfreq001; Save[" Carr001.m ", Carr001]; Carrfreq0005=Table (E^ (I2 Pi0.0005j) //N, and (j, 0, Length[ModOutputFrame3)-1)]; Carr0005=ModOutputFrame3 Carrfreq0005; Save[" Carr0005.m ", Carr0005]; Carrfreq002=Table[E^ (I2 Pi0.002j) //N, and (j, 0, Length[ModOutputFrame3]-1)]; Carr002=ModOutputFrame3 Carrfreq002; Save[" Carr002.m ", Carr002]; ModOutputUnEncodedFrame3=Modulator[L] [CDMAEncode[frame/.0-〉-1, Goldseqlist//#[[3]] ﹠amp; ], NumberOfCurves-〉2, ModulatingPulse-〉OptPulseScaled, SamplingInterval-〉T/4); Save[" ModOutputUnEncodedFrameGSMLike3.m ", ModOutputFrame]＜＜ModOutputFrameEncodedGSMLike.m; Length[ModOutputFrame] 73440AFC0005=Take[Carr0005,50,7300}]; AFC0005//and Re[#], Im[#] } ﹠amp; //Transpose//ListPlot{#, PlotJoined-〉True, PlotRange-〉All, AspectRatio-〉1}﹠amp;

AFC0005//Take[#, 200] ﹠amp; // [Re[#], Im[#]] ﹠amp; //Transpose//ListPlot{#, PlotJoined-〉True, PlotRange-〉All, AspectRatio-〉1] ﹠amp;

In basic cdma receiver, need nomination sample.In the CDMA synchronizer, find this sampling.CDMACoarsaSynchroniserNew[ModOutput_，GoldSeq_，Threshold_，OverSampling_}:=?Module({x1，x2，x3，x4Plus，x4Minus，x5State，

x6Count，x6MaxCorr，seq，x7Update，x8，x9，x10，x11，x12，x13}，???x1=ModOutput；?????x2=GoldSeq/.0->-1；???x3=CodingTransformNew[L]?[GoldSeq]；???x4Plus=x3[[1]]；??x4Minus=x3[[2]]；???x5State=Take[x1，(Length[x2]+1)?OverSampling]；???x6Count=1；???x6NaxCorr=0；

seq=Drop[x1，OverSampling(Length[x2]+1)]；??x7Update：=Module[(]，x8=Partition[x5State，OvarSampling]//Transpose；x9=Map[{Drop{#，-1}，x4Plus，Drop{#，1}，x4Minus)a，x8]；x10=Map[

(Abs[Im[#[[1]]]]，Abs[Re[#[[1]]]]，Abe[Re[#[[2]]]]，Abs(Im[#[[2]]])&，x9)；x11=If[Max[x10]>Threshold，Throw[{x10，x6Count，True}]，

{x6COunt，x10，x6MaxCorr=Max[x6MaxCorr，x10]，False}]；??x6Count=x6Count+1；??x5State=Join{Drop[x5State，Oversampling]，Take[saq，OverSampling]}；??seq=Drop{seq，OverSampling}；??x11]；x12=Catch[Tabse{x7Update，{i，1，Length[seq]/OverSampling}}]；??x13=If[Last[x12]===True，

CDMAFineSynchroniser{ModOutput，x12[[2]}，x3，OverSampling]，

{"Failed?to?Coarse?synchronise"，False}}}Tom4=??CDMACoarseSynchroniserNew[AFC0005//Drop[#，250?4]&，Goldseqlist//Last，50，4}?DeModulator(???{{{16．252-103．911I，9．19889+6．93038I，-3．61972+15．2763I，13．0046-9．41072I}，

(-102．686-22．7446I，7．49431-8．74558I，15．0189+4．57178I，-8．57558-13．5698I}，

(-29．1474+101．055I，-8．25775-8．02866I，5．50581-14．7022I，-14．0815+7．70661I}，

(99．0255+35．4352I，-8．53133+7．73733I，-14．3275-6．4181I，6．80721+14．5376I}，

(41．5832-96．6051I，7．18638+?9．00033I，-7．30507+13．8962I，14．9364-5．88096I}}，

{{24．6533-96．8492I，10．1266+6．85283I，1．46802-2．37691I，12．5087-10．488I}，

(-95．1101-30．6656I，7．47516-9．6763I，

-2．28004-1．61437I，-9．68188-13．1425I}，{-36．5973+92．9335I，

9．18784-8．06799I，1．75436+2．17418I，13．7245，k，83755，

(90．5141+42．3643I，-8．62898+8．66312I，2．05973，1．8874I，7．95834+14．2323I}，

(47．9841-87．6755I，8．1042+9．15591I，2．01301-1．93715I，14．7239-7．04772I}}}}；Tom0005=CDMACoarseSynchroniserNew[Carr0005//Drop[#，250?4]a，Goldseqlist//Last，100，4]；CDMAFineSynchroniser[ModOutput_，??ThresholdCorrelatioCount_，CorrelatingSeq_，OverSampling_]；=???Nodule[{x1，x2，x3，x4，x5，x6，seq，x7Update，x8First，???x8Second，x9First，x9Second，x10First，xl0Second，x11，x12，x13，x14}，???x1=If[ThresholdCorrelatioCount>3，

ThresholdCorrelatioCount-3，ThresholdCorrelatioCount]；?x2=CorrelatingSeq；?x3=Drop[ModOutput，x1?OverSampling]；?x4=CDMAPositionFinder{x3，x2，OverSampling}；?x5=CDMAPositionFinder{Drop{x3，Length{x2}OverSampling}，x2，OverSampling}；?x6=CDMAPositiomFinder[Drop[x3，2?Length[x2]OverSampling]，x2，OverSampling]；x7=PositionAverager[{x4[[1]]，x5[[1]]，x6[[1]]}]；8First=Drop[x3，(x7[[1]]-1)?OverSampling]//??Partition[#，OvarSampling]&//Transpose//#[[x7[[2]]]]&；x8Second=Drop[x3，x7[[1]]OverSampling]//??Partition[#，OverSampling]&//Transpose//#[[x7[[2]]]]&；x9First=x8First//Partition[#，Length[x2[[1]]]]&；?x10First=Map[Function[x，Map[x，#a，x2]]，x9Firat]；??x9Second=x8Second／／Partition[#，Length[x2[[1]]]]&；x10Second=Map[Function[x，Map[x，#&，x2]]，x9Second]；DeModulator[{x10First，x10Second}]]CDMAPositionFinder[ModOutput_，CorrelatingSeq_，OverSampling_]：=??Nodule[{x5State，x6Count，seq，x7Update，x8，x9，x10，x11，x12，x13}，?x5State=Take[ModOutput，(Length[CorrelatingSeq[[1]]]+1)OverSampling]；?x6Count=1；?Seq=Drop[ModOutput，OverSampling(Length[CorrelatingSeq[[1]]]+1)]；?x7Update：=Module{(}，?x8=Partition[x5State，OverSampling]//Transpose；?x9=Map{{Drop[#，-1]，CorrelatingSeq[[1]]，Drop[#，-1]，CorrelatingSeq[[2]]，

Drop[#, 1], CorrelatingSeq[[1]], Drop[#, 1], CorrelatingSeq[[2]] a, x8}; X6Count=x6Count+1; X5State=Join[Drop[x5State, OverSampling], Take[seq, OverSampling]]; Seq=Drop[Seq, OverSampling]; X9]; X10=Table[x7Update, (i, 1,10)]; X11=MapIndexed{Max[{Abs[Re[#]], Abs[Im[#]]] a, x10, (3) }; X12=MapIndexed[Apply[Plus, #] a, x11, (2)]; X13=Position[x12, Max[x12]]] need the definition position average program.Only get the first element PositionAverager[PositionList_ now] :=First[PositionList] Tom4=CDMACoarseSynchroniserNew[TestData//Drop[#, 250 4] a, Go1dseqlist//Last, 100,4] DeModulator[{{{-157,056+0.691379I, 7.37139-18.8305I, 41.1322+1.94693I ,-16.2843-23.4715I}

{-0．691379-157．056I，18．8305+7．37139I，-1．94693+41．1332I，23．4715-16．2843I}，

{157．056-0．691379I，-7．37139+18．8305I，-41．1322-1．94593I，16．2843+23．4715I}，

{0．691379+157．056I，-18．8305-7．37139I，

1．94693-41．1322I，-23．4715+16．2843I}，{-157．056+0．691379I，

7．37139-18．8305I，41．1322+1．94693I，-16．2843-23．4715I}}，

{{-169．734-0．510132I，6．8871-20．5026I，6．24607+1．47947I，-17．4944-21．5101I}，

(0．510132-169．734I，20．5026+6．8871I，-1．47947+6．24607I，21．5101-17．4944I}，

{169．734+0．510132I，?-6．8871+20．5026I，-6．24607-1．47947I，17．4944+21．5101I}，

{-0．510132+169．734I，-20．5026-6．8871I，1．47947-6．24607I，-21．5101+17．4944I}，

{-169．734-0．510132I，6．8871-20．5026I，6．24607+1．47947I，

-17．4944-21．5101I}}}}Tom4[[1]]//Transpose?{{{-157．056+0．691379I，7．37139-18．8305I，41．1322+1．94693I，-16．2843-23．4715I}，???{-169．734-0．510132I，6．8871-20．5026I，6．24607+1．47947I，-17．4944-21．5101I}}，??{{-0．691379-157．056I，18．8305+7．37139I，-1．94693+41．1322I，23．4715-16．2843I}，???{0．510132-169．734I，20．5026+6．8871I，-1．47947+6．24607I，21．5101-17．4944I}}，??{{157．056-0．691379I，-7．37139+18．8305I，-41．1322-1．94693I，16．2843+23．4715I}，???{169．734+0．510132I，-6．8871+20．5026I，-6．24607-1．47947I，17．4944+21．5101I}}，??{{0．691379+157．056I，-18．8305-7．37139I，1．94693-41．1322I．-23．4715+16．2843I}，???{-0．510132+169．734I，-20．5026-?6．8871I，1．47947-6．24607I，-21．5101+17．4944I}}，??{{-157．056+0．691379I，7．37139-18．8305I，41．1322+1．94693I，-16．2843-23．4715I}，???{-169．734-0．510132I，6．8871-20．5026I，6．24607+1．47947I，-17．4944-21．5101I}}}Take[Tom5[[1]]//Transpose，(8，10)]{{{157．25-0．929033I，-7．57128+19．0518I，-40．9109-1．74704I，16．522+23．6653I}，??{169．813-0．714545I，-7．42576+21．3328I，-5．4158-0．940778I，?18．7191+21．5891I}}，??{{19．1272-6．93509I，-1．02745+156．682I，23．9098+15．9863I，-1．57069-41．4696I}，??{20．5326-6．8667I，0．478141+169．715I，21．5305+17．4644I，-1．46045-6．27806I}}，??{{-7．37139-18．8305I，157．056+0．691379I，16．2843-23．4715I，-41．1322+1．94693I}，??{-6．8871-20．5026I，169．734-0．510132I，17．4944-21．5101I，-6．24607+1．47947I}}}Tom6[[1，1])//Transpose//{#[[1]]，#[[2]]}&//Transpose//Map[Max，Abs[#]]&//??ListPlot[#，PlotJoined->True]&

-Graphics-Tom6[[1，2]]//Transpose//{#[[1]]，#[[2]]}&//Transpose//Map[Max，Abs[#]]&//??ListPlot[#，PlotJoined->True]&

-Graphics-{{99．9069，12．1968，2．82297，16．3585}，{99．9377，12．2274，2．7937，16．3237}，?{99．9377，12．2274，2．7937，16．3237}，{99．9377，12．2274，2．7937，16．3237}，?{99．9377，12．2274，2．7937，16．3237}，{99．9377，12．2274，2．7937，16．3237}，?{99．9377，12．2274，2．7937，16．3237}，{101．16，12．0496，2．71211，17．0171}，?{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，{10．9205，111，621，17．2666，16．1692}，?{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，?{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，{11．1111，110．39，16，592，16．2327}，?{99．9069，12．1968，2．82297，16．3585}，{101．16，12．0496，2．71211，17，0171}，?{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，?{101．129，12．0176，2．74759，17．0524}，{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，?{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，{11．1111，110．39，16，592，16．2327}，?{99．9069，12．1968，2．82297，16．3585}，{101．16，12．0496，2．71211，17．0171}，?{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，?{101．129，12．0176，2．74759，17．0524}，{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，?{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，?{99．9069，12．1968，2．82297，16．3585}，{101．16，12．0496，2．71211，17．0171}，?{11．1392，110．422，16．5587，16．2668}，{99．9069，12．1968，2．82297，16．3585}，?{99．9377，12．2274，2．7937，16．3237}，{101．16，12．0496，2．71211，17．0171}，?{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，?{99．9069，12．1968，2．82297，16．3585}，{101．16，12．0496，2．71211?17．0171}，?{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，?{101．129，12．0176，2．74759，17．0524}，{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，?{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，?{99．9069，12．1968，2．82297，16．3585}，{101．16，12．0496，2．71211，17．0171}，?{11．1392，110．422，16．5587，16．2668}，{101．129，12．0176，2．74759，17．0524}，?{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，?{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，{101．129，12．0176，2．74759，17．0524}，?{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，?{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，?{101．129，12．0176，2．74759，17．0524}，{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，?{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，?{101．129，12．0176，2．74759，17．0524}，??{10．9504，111．653，17．2325，16．2024}，{10．9205，111．621，17．2666，16．1692}，?{11．1111，110．39，16．592，16．2327}，{101．129，12．0176，2．74759，17．0524}，?{11．1392，110，422，16．5587，16．2668}，{99．9069，12．1968，2．82297，16．3585}，?{99．9377，12．2274，2．7937，16．3237}，{99．9377，12．2274，2．7937，16．3237}}Max0005?=??Map[{Max[{Re[#[[1]]]//Abs，Im[#[[1]]]//Abs，Re[#[[2]]]//Abs，Im[#[[2]]]//Abs}]，

 Mas[{Re[#[[3]]}//Abs，Im[#[[3]]]//Abs，Re[#[[4]]]//Abs，Im[#[[4]]]//Abs]]]&，    Tom6[[1，1]]] {{104．351，15．1379}，{103．911，15．2763}，{102．686，15．0189}，  {101．055，14．7022}，{99．0255，14．5376}，{96．6051，14．9364}，  {93．8035，15．2762}，{90．7175，15．6415}，{71．4359，25．1654}，{67．5508，23．8519}，  {67．0266，22．9468}，{70．8801，21．9511}，{74．4539，20．8688}，{77．6444，19．7766}，  {86．7967，16．2927}，{90．7238，15．4739}，{86．1537，22．7114}，{87．5152，23．2037}，  {98．9714，14．9013}，{91．0278，25．3506}，{91．5367，25．7331}，{91．8871，26．0709}，  {104．382，15．2963}，{105．346，15．8922}，{91．9518，27．7219}，{90．4855，27．2999}，  {103．704，15．2097}，{88．1543，27．846}，{85．9746，27．2075}，{83．3983，26．8136}，  {96．1447，15．3897}，{93．9076，15．3803}，{74．6965，25．8353}，{86．612，16．2707}，  {83．2288，15．9297}，{79．0562，16．0518}，{71．3823，22．4556}，{74．383，20．923}，  {82．9341，16．4519}，{87．1763，15．7147}，{83．839，21．6473}，{85．5445，22．25}，  {96．5637，15．3294}，{89．7552，24．5667}，{90．6053，25．0753}，{91．3309，25．5023}，  {103．567，15．2284}，{104．931，15．891}，{92．2522，27．2697}，{104．992，15．4722}，  {91．0436，27．8733}，{89．5104，27．4849}，{87．6329，27．2718}，{100．78，14．7073}，  {83．8748，27．3795}，{81．0829，26．501}，{78．152，25．9901}，{74．6068，25．3375}，  {86．6792，16．3378}，{67．5876，24．357}，{65．9937，22．9638}，{74．5498，16．5852}，  {74．9528，21．37}，{77．7339，19．7041}，{80．5993，20．0831}，{90．616，16．0026}，  {86．0103，22．4409}，{96．2752，15．4329}，{98．8876，15．1306}，{100．942，15．3636}} ListPlot[Max0005//Transpose//#[[1]]&，PlotJoinad->True]

-Graphics- ListPlot[Max0005//Transpose//#[[2]]&，PlotJoined->True]

-Graphics- Map [{Max [(Re [# [[1]]] / / Abs, Im [# [[1]]] / / Abs, Re [# [[2]]] / / Abs, Im [# [[ 2]]] / / Abs}], Max [[Re [# [[3]]] / / Abs, Im [# [3]]] / / Abs, Re [# [[4]]] / / Abs, Im [# [[4]]] / / Abs]]] &, Tom5 [[1,2]]] 169.715,21.5305 {{}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.734,21.5101} {169.734,21.5101}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.734,21.5101} {169.734,21.5101}, {169.813,21.5891}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.734,21.5101} {169.734,21.5101}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.813,21.5891} {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21,5891}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21.5891} {169.794,21.6095}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.813,21.5891} {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21.5891}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21.5891} {169.794,21.6095}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.813,21.5891} {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21.5891}, {169.794,21.6095}, {169.715,21.5305} {169.734,21.5101}, {169.813,21.5891}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21.5891} {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21.5891}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21.5891} {169.794,21.6095}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169,813,21.5891} {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21.5891}, {169.791,21.6095}, {169.794,21.6095} {169.715,21.5305}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.813,21.5891}, {169.794,21.6095} {169.715,21.5305}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.813,21.5891} {169.794,21.6095}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.813,21.5891}, {163.794,21.6095} {169.715,21.5305}, {169.734,21.5101}, {169.813,21.5891}, {189.794,21.6095} {169.794,21.6095}, {169.715,21.5305}, {169.734,21.5101}} {169.734,21.5101 demoddrame = Sign {Re [Tom5 [[1,1]] SeqI]} /. (-1 -> 1,1 -> 0) {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1 , 0,0, 1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0, 1,1, 0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1} Lost in processing the first and last bit {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0 , 1,0, 0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1, 0,1, 1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1} Length [frame] 72 truncatedframe = frame / / Drop [#, 1] & / / Drop [#, -1] & {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1 , 0,0, 1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0, 1,1, 0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1} demodframe-truncatedframe {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 , 0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0} Tom6 = CDMACoarseSynchroniser [ModOutputUnEncodedFrame3 / / Drop [#, 250 4] &, Goldseqlist / / # [[3]] &, 100,4] SAborted Tom6 [[1,1]] SeqI / / Re {-157.37, -157.056, -157.056, -157.056, -157.056, -157.056, -157.056, -156.862, 9.75774, -9.3815,9.3815, -9.3815,9.3815, -9.18122, -157.37, -156,862,9.75774, -9.18122, -157.176,9.75774, -9.3815,9.18122,157.37,156.862, -9.75774,9.18122, 157.176, -9.75774,9.3815, -9.18122, -157.37, -156.862,9.55746,157.37,157.056, 156.862, -9.75774,9.18122,157.37,156.862, -9.75774,9.18122,157.176, -9.75774, 9.3815, -9.18122, -157.37, -156.862,9.55746,157.176, -9.75774,9.3815, -9.18122, -157.176,9.75774, -9.3815,9.3815, -9.18122, -157.176,9.75774, -9.18122, -157.176,9.75774, -9.3815,9.18122,157.176, -9.55746, -157.37, -157.056, -157.056} Tom6 [[1,1]] SoqI / / Im {-10.0454, -10.3815, -10.3815, -10.3815, -10.3815, -10.3815, -10.3815, -10.62, -15.3789,15.6783, -15.6783,15.6783, -15.6783,15.9004, -10.0454, -10.62, -15.3789, 15.9004, -10.2839, -15.3789,15.6783, -15.9004,10.0454,10.62,15.3789, -15.9004, 10.2839,15.3789, -15.6783,15.9004, -10.0454, -10,62, -15.601,10.0454, 10.3815, 10.62,15.3789, -15.9004,10.0454,10.62,15.3789, -15.9004,10.2839, 15.3789, -15.6783,15.9004, -10.0454, -10.62, -15,601,10.2839,15.3789, -15.6783,15.9004, -10.2839, -15.3789,15.6783, -15.6783,15.9004, -10.2839, -15.3789,15.9004, -10.2839, -15.3789,15.6783, -15.9004,10.2839,15.601, -10.0454, -10.3815, -10.3815} Tom6 [[1,2]] seqI / / Re {-169.751, -169.733, -169.733, -169.733, -169.733, -169.733, -169.733, -169.638, 10.444, -10.425,10.425, -10.425,10.425, -9.86944, -169.751, -169.638,10.444, -9.86944, -169.656,10.444, -10.425,9.86944,169.751,169.638, -10.444,9.86944, 169.656, -10.444,10.425, -9.86944, -169.751, -169.638,9.88847,169.751,169.733, 169.638, -10.444,9.86944,169.751,169.638, -10.444,9.86944,169.656, -10.444, 10.425, -9.86944, -169.751, -169.638,9.88847,169.656, -10.444,10.425, -9.86944, -169.656,10.444, -10.425,10.425, -9.86944, -169.656,10.444, -9.86944, -169.656,10.444, -10.425,9.86944,169.656, -9.88847, -169.751, -169.733, -169.733} Tom6 = CDMACoarseSynchroniser [ModoutputunEncodedFrame3 / / Drop [#, 250 4] &, Goldseqlist / / # [[31]] &, 100, 4] DeModulator [((20.3815-157.056 I, 157.056 +10.3815 I, -10.3815, 157.056I, ...

-157.056-10.3815I，10.3815-157.056?I,?157.056+10.3815I,?-10.3815+157.05I,

-156.862-10.62I,?15.601+9.55746I,?-157.176-10.2839I,?15.601+9.55746I,

-157.176-10,2839I,?15.601+9.55746I,?-157.37-10.0454I,?10.3185-157.056I,

156.862+10.62I,?-15.601-9.55746I,?157.37+10.0454I.?-10.62.156.862I,

9.55746-15.601I,?-10.2839+157.176I,?9.75774-15.3789I,?-15.6783-9.3815I,

-9.18122+15.9004I,?10.2839-?157.176?I,?-9.75774+15.3789I,?15.9004+9.18122I,

-157.176-10.2839I,?15.601+9.55746?I,?-157.37-10.0454I,?10.3815-157.056I,

156.862+10.62I,?-15,3789-9.75774I,?-9.3815+15.6783?I,?15.6783+9.3815I,

9.18122-15.9004I,?-10.2839+157.176I,?9.75774-15.3789I.?-15.6783-9.3815I,

-9.16122+15.9004I,?10.2839-157.176I,?-9.75774+15.3789I,?15.9004+9.18122I,

-157.176-10,2839I,?15.601+9.55746I,?-157.37-10.0454I,?10.3815-157.056I,

156.862+100.62I,?-15,3789-9.75774I.?-9.18122+15.9004I,?10.2839-157.176I,

-9.55746+15.601I,?10.0454?-157.37I,?156.862+10.62I,?-15.601-9.55746I,

157.176+10.2839I,?-15.601-9.55746,?157.37,10.0454I,?-10.62+156.862I,

9.55746-15.601I,?-10.0454+157.37I,?-156.862-10.62I,?15.601+9.55746I,

-157,176-10.2839I,?15.3789+9.75774I,?9.18122-15.9004I,?-10.0454+157.37I,

-157.056-10.3815I,?10.3815-157.056I,?157.056.10.3815I),?(-7.65342-169.733I,

169.933-9.65342I,?7.65342+169.733I,?-169.733+7.65342I,?-7.65342-169.733I,

169.733-7.65342I,?7.65342+169.733I,?-169.638+6.41574I,?17.2252+9.88847I,

-169.656+6.44773I,?17.2252+9.88847I,?-169.656+6.44773I,?17.2252+9.88847I,

-169.751+7.68541I,?-7.65342-169.733I,?169.?638-6.41574I,?-17.2252-9.88847I,

169.751-7.68541I,?6.41574+169.638I,?9.88847-17.2252I,?6.44773+169.656I,

10.444-16.382I,?-16.412-10.425I,?-9.86944+17.2553I,?-6.44773-169.656?I,

-10.444?+16.382I,?17.2553.9.86944I,?-169.656+6.44773I,?17.2252+9.88847I,

-169.751+7.68541I,?-7.65342-169.733?I,?169.638-6.41574I.?-16.382-10.444I,

-10.425+15.412I,?16.412+10.425I,?9.86944-17.2553I,?6.44773+169.656I,

10.444-16.382I,?-16.412-10.425I,?-9.?86944+17.2553?I,?-6.44773-169.656I,

-10.444+16.362I,?17.2553+9.86944I,?-169,656+6.44773I,?17.2252+9.88847I,

-169.751+7.68541I,?-7.65342-169.733I,?169.?638-?6.41574I,?-16.382-10,444I,

-9.86944+17.2553I,?-6.44773-169.656I,?-9.?88847+17.2252?I,

-7.68541-169.751I,169.638-6.41574I,?-17.2252-9.88847I,

169.656-?6.44773I,?-17.2252-9,88847I,?169.751-7.68541I,?6.41574+169.638I,

9.88847-17.2252I,?7.68541+169.751I,?-169.638+6.41574I,?17.2252+9.88847I,

-169.656+6.44773?16.382+10.444I,?9.86944-?17.2553I,?7.68541+169.751I,

-169.733?+7.65342I,?-7.65342-169.933I,?169.733?-7.65342I}}]?Tomδ[[1,?1])?SeqI//Re?(159.056,?157.056,?157.056,?157.056,?157.056,?157.056,?157.056,?156.862,?-9.55746,???-157.176,?9.55746,?157.176,?-9.55746,?-157.37,?-l57,056.?-l56.852.?9.55746,?157.37,???156.862,?-9.55746,?-157.176,?9.75774,?-9.3815,?9,18122,?157.175.?-9.75774,?9.18122,???157.176,?-9.55746,?-157.37,?-157.056.?-156.862,?9.75774,?-9.3615,?9.3815,?-9.18121,???-157.176,?9.75774,?-9.3815,?9.18122,?157.176,?-9.75774,?9.18122,?157.176,?-9.55746,???-157.37,-157.056,-156.862,?9.75774,?-9.18122,?-157.176,?9.55745,?157.37,???155.862,?-9.55746,?-157.176,?9.55746,?157.37,?156.862,?-9.55746,?-157.37,???-156.862,?9.55746,?157.176,?-9.75774,?9.18122,?157.37,?157.056,?157.056,?157.056}?Tomδ[(1,?1)]SeqI//Im?(-10.0454,?-10.3815,?-10.815,?-10.3815,?-10.3815,?-10.3815,?-10.3815,?-10.62,???-15.3789,?15.6783,?-15.6763,15.6783,?-15.6783,?15.9004,?-10.0454,-10.62,?15.3789,???15.9004,?-10.2839,?-15.3789,?15.6783,?-15.9004,?10.0454,?10.62,?15.3789,?-15.9004,???10.2839,?15.3789,?-15.6783,?15.9004,?-10.0454,?-10.62,?-15.601,?10.0454,?10.3815,???10.62,?15.3789,?-15.9004,?10.0454,?10.62,?15.3789,?-15.9004,?10.2839,???15.3789,?-15.6783,?15.9004,?-10.0454,?-10.62,?-15.601,?10.2839,?15.3789,???-15.6783,?15.9004,?-10.2839,?-15.3789,?15.6783,?-15.6783,?15.9004,?-10.2839,???-15.3789,?15.9004,?-10.2839,?-15.3789,?15.6783,?-15.9004,?10.2839,?15.601,???-10.0454,?-10.3815,?-10.3815)?Tomδ[?(1,?2])?seqI//Re??[-169.751,?-169,733,?-169.733,?-169.733,?-169.733,?-169.733,?-169,733,?-169.638,???10.444,?-10.425,?10.425,?-10.425,?10.425,?-9.86944,?-169.751.?-169.618,?10.444,

-9.86944,?-169.656,?10,444,?-10.425,?9.86944,?169.751,?169.638,?-10.444,?9.65944,

169.656,?-10.444,?10.425.?-9.86944,?-169.751,?-169,638,?9.88847,?169.751,?169.733,

169.63E,?-10.644,?9.86944.?169.751.?169.638.?-10.444,?9.86944,?169.656,?-10.444,

10.625,?-9.96944,?-169.751,?-169.638,9.88847,?I69,656,?-10.444.?10.426,?-9.86944,

-169.656,?10.444,?-10.425,?10.425,?-9.86944,?-169.656,?10.444.?-9.86944,

-169.656,?10.444,?-10.425,?9.66944,?109.656,?-9.82547,-169.731?-169.733,-169.733Table[CDMAPositionFinder[ModOutputUnEncodedFrame3//Drop[#，250?4+i?20]&

Goldseqlist//#[[3]]&，4]//Flatten//Abs//Max，(i，251，?350)](22．6392，22．6392，22．6392，17．4452，17．6558，17．6558，17．6558，17．6558，17．4676，?17．4676，18．088，18．088，18．088，18．088，19．6342，19．6342，19．6342，19．6342，19．6342，?13．457，16．0791，16．0791，16．0791，16．0791，19．95，19．95，19．95，19．95，19．95，?18．3042，16．6993，16．7542，23．0831，25．3773，25．3773，25．3773，25．3773，24．601，?24．601，24．601，18．7221，20．5255，26．9209，26．9209，26．9209，26．9209，18．9705，?18．9705，18．9705，20．3921，22．6392，22．6392，22．6392，22．6392，17．4452，17．6558，?17．6558，17．6558，17．6558，17．4676，17．4676，18，088，18．088，18．088，18．088，?19．6342，19．6342，19．6342，19．6342，19．6342，13．457，16．0791，16．0791，?16．0791，16．0791，19．95，19．95，19．95，19．95，19．95，18．3042，16．6993，?16．7542，23．0831，25．3773，25．3773，25．3773，25．3773，24．601，24．601，24．601，?18．7221，20．5255，26．9209，26．9209，26．9209，26．9209，18．9705，18．9705，18．9705)Max[％]26．9209Map[Max，％](17．6558，17．6558，17．6558，17．6558，17．4676，17．4676，18．088，18．088，18．088，18．088，?19．6342，19．6342，19．6342，19．6342，19．6342，13．457，16．0791，16．0791，?16．0791，16．0791，19．95，19．95，19，95，19．95，19．95，18．3042，16．6993，?16．7542，23．0831，25．3773，25．3773，25．3773，25．3773，24．601，24．601，24．601，?18．7221，20．5255，26．9209，26．9209，26．9209，26．9209，18．9705，18．9705，?18．9705，20．3921，22．6392，22．6392，22．6392，22．6392，17．4452)

List of references

IEEE Trans.on Information Theory the 40th the 2nd phase of volume in March, 1984 by Serdar Boztas with

The article that P.Vijay Kumar is shown " Binary Sequencds with Gold-Like Correlation

but?Larger?Linear?Span”。

Claims (42)

1. be used for despreading and utilized code to expand and a kind of method of the data-signal modulated according to non-linear modulation schemes, the method comprises:

With this code conversion is a series of phasors positions; With

With the spread signal that receives therewith the code of conversion be correlated with.

2. according to the method for claim 1, be used for the data-signal that the superimposed structure of N amplitude-modulated pulse is used in despreading, wherein carry out these conversion and relevant step for M pulse.

3. be used for despreading and utilized code to expand and a kind of method of the data-signal modulated according to non-linear modulation schemes, the method comprises:

According to the signal that the method despreading of claim 1 or 2 receives, suppose that this data-signal is positive;

According to the signal that the method despreading of claim 1 or 2 receives, suppose that this data-signal bears; With

Relatively signal that should be relevant is with the symbol of the data-signal of definite this reception.

4. be used in spread spectrum communication system emission and a kind of method that receives data-signal, the method comprises:

Utilize the data-signal of code expansion with emission;

Use non-linear modulation schemes to modulate this spread signal;

Launch this modulation signal;

Receive this modulation signal;

With this code conversion is a series of phasors positions; With

With the signal of this reception therewith the code of conversion be correlated with.

5. according to the method for claim 4, comprising:

Suppose that this data-signal is positive, carries out these conversion and correlation step;

Suppose that this data-signal bears, carry out these conversion and correlation step; With

Relatively these relevant signals receive the symbol of data-signal to determine this.

6. according to the method for claim 4 or 5, also comprise the signal that shaping will be launched.

7. according to the method for claim 6, wherein the step of this signal of shaping comprises this signal of superimposed structure that uses N amplitude-modulated pulse, and carries out these conversion and correlation step for M pulse.

8. according to claim 2, claim 3 or 6 method, wherein N=M=2 when being dependent on claim 2.

9. according to claim 2, claim 3 or 6 method, wherein N＞M when being dependent on claim 2.

10. according to the method for claim 9, wherein N=4 and M=2.

11. according to claim 2, the claim 3,7,8 when being dependent on claim 2,9 or 10 method, wherein these pulses have impulse function, the relation between its frequency and the amplitude utilizes following steps to determine:

Define required expense parameter; With

Amplitude according to this impulse function on frequency range of these required expense parameter-definitions.

Utilized code to expand and a kind of despreader of the data-signal modulated according to non-linear modulation schemes 12. be used for despreading, this despreader comprises:

Be used for this code conversion is the device of a series of phasors position; With

Be used for this spread signal code of conversion correlator of being correlated with therewith.

13. according to the despreader of claim 12, be used for the data-signal that the superimposed structure of N amplitude-modulated pulse is used in despreading, comprise the transform code generator and the correlator that are used for M pulse.

Utilized code to expand and a kind of demodulator of the data-signal modulated according to non-linear modulation schemes 14. be used for demodulation, this demodulator comprises:

According to first despreader of claim 9 or 10, be used for the signal that despreading receives, suppose that this data-signal is positive;

According to second despreader of claim 9 or 10, be used for the signal that despreading receives, suppose that this data-signal bears; With

Comparator, the coherent signal that is used for first and second despreader output of comparison is to determine the symbol of this received signal.

15. be used for a kind of receiver of communication equipment, comprise according to the despreader of claim 9 or 10 or according to the demodulator of claim 11.

16. be used for a kind of transceiver of communication equipment, comprise:

Transmitter has the expander that is used to utilize the code spread data signal, is used to modulate the non-linear modulation device of this spread signal and is used to launch the device of this modulated spread signals; With

Receiver according to claim 15.

17. be operable in a kind of communication equipment in the communication system, comprise transceiver according to claim 16.

18. according to the equipment of claim 16 or 17, wherein this transmitter comprises the signal shaper that is used for the signal that shaping will launch.

19. according to the equipment of claim 18, wherein this signal shaper uses this signal of superimposed structure of N amplitude-modulated pulse, and this despreader comprises code conversion device and the correlator that is used for M pulse.

20. according to the equipment of any one claim or claim 19 among claim 13, the claim 14-18 when being dependent on claim 13, wherein N=M=2.

21. according to the equipment of any one claim or claim 19 among claim 13, the claim 14-18 when being dependent on claim 13, wherein N＞M.

22. according to the equipment of claim 21, wherein N=4 and M=2.

23. according to the equipment of any one claim among the claim 19-22, wherein these pulses have impulse function, the relation between its frequency and the amplitude is following to be determined:

Define required expense parameter; With

Amplitude according to this impulse function on frequency range of these required expense parameter-definitions.

24. a dual-mode receiver is operable in first pattern of spread spectrum communication system in second pattern with the telecommunication system that uses non-linear modulation schemes, this receiver comprises:

First demodulator, be used at the signal of this first operator scheme according to the non-linear modulation schemes demodulate reception, comprise have since provide the code that is transformed to a series of phasors position device despreader with since the signal that will receive therewith transform code carry out relevant correlator; With

Second receiver apparatus, comprise since in this second operator scheme according to the demodulator of non-linear modulation schemes demodulated received signal.

25. according to the equipment of claim 24, wherein first demodulator comprises:

First despreader is because the despreading received signal supposes that this data-signal is positive;

Second despreader because the despreading received signal, supposes that this data-signal bears; With

Comparator is because relatively the coherent signal of this first and second despreader output receives the symbol of data-signal to determine this.

26. double mode transmitter, be operable in first pattern of spread spectrum communication system in second pattern with the telecommunication system that uses non-linear modulation schemes, this equipment comprises and is used for utilizing the modulator of carrier signal-modulated data signal according to non-linear modulation schemes and being used for the device of this data-signal of expansion before first pattern is modulated in this first and second operator scheme.

27. a dual-mode communication device comprises according to the receiver of claim 24 or 25 with according to the transmitter of claim 26.

28. the equipment according to claim 26 or 27 comprises signal shaper, is used for the signal that shaping will be launched.

29. according to the equipment of claim 28, wherein this signal shaper uses this signal of superimposed structure of N amplitude-modulated pulse, and this despreader comprises code conversion device and the correlator that is used for M pulse.

30. according to the equipment of claim 29, wherein N=M=2.

31. according to the equipment of claim 29, wherein N＞M.

32. according to the equipment of claim 31, wherein N=4 and M=2.

33. according to the equipment of any one claim among the claim 29-32, wherein these pulses have impulse function, the relation between its frequency and the amplitude is following to be determined:

Define required expense parameter; With

Amplitude according to this impulse function on frequency range of these required expense parameter-definitions.

34., be operable in first pattern of cdma system according to the equipment of any one claim among claim 24,25, the 27-33.

35., be operable in second pattern of the system that uses phase modulated according to the equipment of any one claim among claim 24,25, the 27-34.

36., be operable in second pattern of tdma system according to the equipment of any one claim among claim 24,25, the 27-35.

37. basically as front a kind of method of 8 and/or 9 described despread signal in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

38. basically as front any one accompanying drawing or any combination among 2,4,5 (a) or 5 (b) in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, combination or not in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 3 with 6-13 among any one accompanying drawing or described a kind of despreader of any combination and/or demodulator.

39. a receiver comprises according to described despreader of claim 38 and/or demodulator.

40. a transceiver comprises according to the described receiver of claim 39.

41. basically as front 6 described a kind of double mode transmitters in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

42. basically as the front in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 7 in conjunction with or not any one accompanying drawing or the described a kind of dual-mode receiver of any combination among 4,5 (a) and 5 (b) in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Images