CN1223787A - Pond culture and planting alternating method - Google Patents

Abstract

A rotation method for fish culture and planting crops including rice, pea, water melon, wheat, barley, rape and cotton for pond features the organic combination of fish culture with planting crops according to the sowing and reaping seasons of crops and the period of fish culture. Its advantages are shorter culture period, low cost of fish culture, and virtuous ecological circle.

Description

Pond culture and plantation alternating method

The invention belongs to agricultural breeding and planting technology field, the alternating method of more specifically say so a kind of aqiuculrue and proportion of crop planting.

Fresh-water fish-culture has multiple mode, comprise outer swing breed fish, fish culture in reservoir, rice field fish culture, aqiuculrue, wherein rice field fish culture is a kind of mode of production (chief editor such as Zhang Lieshi who plant husbandry and aquaculture is combined in dexterously same production environment, " fresh-water fish-culture high yield new technology ", Golden Shield publishing house, in February, 1989 front page, the 228th page).But rice field fish culture will be excavated pick fish ditch, increases ridge, and quantities is big, and paddyfield water is little, and breeding fish yields poorly, and management is difficulty relatively also, thus actual apply very slow.

The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method of in the big pond of water body, breeding fish and planting crop rotation.

Realize the object of the invention main technical schemes; According to fish growth time and crop seeding harvest season, utilize the pond organically will culture and plant a kind of production method of combination.

Concrete production method of the present invention comprises:

One, pond rice, fish crop rotation

1. the fingerling of many kinds of single step of releasing foot all size when the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) in January to March;

2. put that behind the fish 120-140 days are strengthened raising and management comprises:

(1) fertilising: comprise that with fertilizer pig manure, chicken manure, green manure and other farmyard manure are base manure, usually average amount of fertilizer applied is 700-1000 kilogram/mu, when transparency 〉=20 of water centimetre, use inorganic fertilizer, each fertilizing amount is 10-20 kilogram/mu, and described inorganic fertilizer is selected from carbon ammonium, urea, phosphate fertilizer;

(2) throw in feed: the amount of throwing in powdery, pasty state or granulated meal for the first time be the food fish fish loading amount 3%, normally half-sum bait throwing in thirty 2 pm to 2 of 9 o'clock to 9 o'clock every morning is twice, increasing bait later on successively is principle and to make it work as solar eclipse intact to guarantee that fish has enough, and does before the pool to stop bait throwing in 10-12 days; Described feed comprises the vegetable feed of beans, puffed soybean, sugared wheat class, distillers grains and dregs or comprises feed of animal origin and the mixed bait of fish meal, blood meal, meat and bone meal;

(3) note checking water transparence, initial stage control depth of water 1-1.5m is put in reasonably moisturizing and draining in a suitable place to breed, progressively moisturizing later on, and the depth of water can reach more than the 2m when temperature was higher;

(4) use aerator and in time replenish oxygen in water, the aerator available machine time preferably morning the 2-3 point or noon the 12-13 point;

(5) in time rise and catch the marketable fish that reaches specification, can adopt number of patent application is that 97231484.9 " fishery net type screening sheet " catches screening, until 7-8 month fish is risen and has caught;

3, rise the 7-8 month and put the pond in order after having caught fish, surround some fields, and excavate just ditch with the water filling draining with the ridge;

4, execute the conditioning agent paclobutrazol after rice shoot survives, execute the 2-2.5 gram for every mu, mepiquat chloride was executed in the paddy heading to 80% o'clock, executed the 5-5.5 gram for every mu;

5, water filling immediately, fertilising behind the harvesting late rice at the beginning of the 10-11 month, the preceding preparation of sterilizing and breed fish.

Above-mentioned crop rotation process also can be in order to early rice, but breed fish and time of fishing will shift to an earlier date, to adapt to early rice planting season.

Step (4) also can " be flooded green grass or young crops " with the rice shoot of full-bloom stage and promptly discharge water and be flooded rice shoot, makes it form green manure and makes fishpond base manure.

Two, aqiuculrue and comprise watermelon, sugarcane, broad bean, Peas, wheat, barley, rape morning crop crop rotation.

The crops arrangement of determining crop rotation is put fish, fishing time, when the selected autumn and winter sowing crop that comprises pea, wheat, barley, rape, can put fish in January, fish the back 9-10 month and plant crops wholely, the farming thing is done to discharge water, breed fish at the bottom of the leveling pool, harvesting back, put in order ground after the fishing in the end of the year immediately, with the spring sown crop crop rotation that comprises the early rice watermelon

Breed fish can also with safflower grass-seed, perennial ryegrass, the Sudan grass crop rotation as fishpond forage grass.

The described time of above-mentioned crop rotation method all is suitable for Hubei province, and other regional time can be according to crop growth season or in advance or step back.

In process of growth, also to apply conditioning agent paclobutrazol, mepiquat chloride to avoid overgrowing.

Described pea, broad bean, watermelon, wheat, barley can not gathered in the crops yet, and flood green grass or young crops and breed fish, to improve the fertilizer efficiency in fishpond.

Pond of the present invention is the north-south preferably, also can select other direction, pond area 5-8 mu, long and wide ratio 2: 1 or 5: 3 according to landform, depth of water 1.5-2.0m, earth dyke is 2-2.5m, and smooth summary is tilted to drainage direction at the bottom of the pond, difference of height 10-20 centimetre, the ridge, pond face width degree 2-3m, the gradient 1: 1-1.5 presses usual way with stone, stone bar, cement plate, tabia, brick or concrete material bank protection, does not cave in assurance.The notes in pond, escape canal will separate, and water filling port is higher than the pond water surface, also can adopt the dispersion water filling, with being built into little ditch, can also build furrow bank at interval by laying bricks or stones along pool side with porous brick and common brick, and water is flowed in the pond by aperture; Drainpipe should be layered on and be lower than at the bottom of the pool 50 centimetres with upper/lower positions, to guarantee to drain Chi Shui.

Method major advantage of the present invention: owing to adopt the breed and the plantation crop rotation method in 1 year two season, the cycle of breeding fish is shortened, but speed up capital turnover speed, because the variation of crop rotation method can be regulated the seasonal contrast in fishing city easily, because pond plantation grain, cotton, oil, watermelon, sugarcane, feed, can directly increase economic efficiency, improve more than 50% than long-term aqiuculrue, reduce the cost of breeding fish, compare with rice field fish culture, the water body of breeding fish is big, the fish crop height, and can plant various crop, wide accommodation, the multiple crop rotation method of what is more important, be of value to benign ecological cycles, improve the ecotope of aqiuculrue, as " flooding green grass or young crops breeds fish " with kind of plant, the plant of flooding behind the green grass or young crops will be good green manure, can be used as the base manure in pond, the remains of green manure can be eaten by fish, reduce through Pond Silt after the plantation, help fish growth, it is convenient that fish is played on the dried pool.In sum, breeds fish and plant the development that crop rotation method can promote pisciculture and plant husbandry, so it has caused the attention of relevant department that the special picture recording of Hubei TV station is play to the whole province, has also all made report at local papers such as " Xiangfan daily paper ".

Further specify characteristics of the present invention with example below:

Example 1

In the 6 mu of crawls in prosperous town, Hubei, throw in the grey chain fry of the big specification of 0.5kg/ tail since on February 20th, 1996, daily execute 2.5 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, water temperature is promptly thrown feed for 10 ℃, April 26 to June 22 fishing is risen, June 26 slotting paddy rice, harvesting at 9 the end of month, food property fingerling is in time dropped in the harvesting back, makes full use of 10-11 and feeds the sunshine month.The result shows: 6 mu of crawl per mu yield adult fish 144kg, paddy rice 500kg, 1546 yuan of net incomes increased income more than 50% than in the past.

Example 2

This example is that pea floods green grass or young crops and breeds fish and promptly breed fish and the pea crop rotation method.

At 6 mu of crawl the insides year plantation pea, put into when containing flower April and flood the throwing pea seedlings, and in water, free lime disinfection, begin to throw in after 10 days 2 age grass carp, later multiple stocking and multiple fishing, additional input rubsen cake, soya-bean cake, wheat bran, flour, fish meal, bone meal, feed amount to 972kg and Fructus Hordei Germinatus, rice sprout 800kg and carbon ammonium and each 375kg of phosphate fertilizer in the process of breeding fish.See table 1 for details.As shown in Table 1, gross output 1311kg, produce 968.85kg only; It can also be seen that in addition, from catching bighead by the end of June, risen August, inserts big specification grass carp of bighead summer flower, 2 ages July, and the 7-10 moon is caught, to having caught by the end of November, white chain is done to rise before the pool and catch winter, 1 age in winter grass carp make fingerling in 2 age of next year, also can do the marketable fish sale, the summer flower bighead makes fingerling stocking in 1 age in winter of next year, and carp, crucian have caught before doing the pool.

Example 3

This example is to breed fish and the paddy rice crop rotation method.

In 6 mu of fishponds, March kind early rice, rice shoot floods and put fish, later multiple stocking and multiple fishing in blue or green back 8 days at the beginning of 7 months.It is dark green fertile to utilize young crops to flood earlier, middle employing pond applies pig manure, chicken manure rich water is breeded fish, use instead after Tilapia mossambica is put in a suitable place to breed to strengthen and raise, add 324 kilograms in the feed that Hubei Zheng Chang, honest feed-processing plant produce altogether, see table 2 for details, as shown in Table 2, produce fish 759.65kg only, will increase more than 3000 yuan than breeding fish merely in the past.

Table 1:

Put in a suitable place to breed					Survival rate Z	Results
													Time (month)	Kind	Mantissa's (mu)	Weight kilogram/mu	Specification gram/tail	Raise fate	Mantissa's (mu)	Weight kilogram/mu	Specification gram/tail	Month time	Moon weightening finish thousand/tail	Net production (kilogram)
By the end of April	2 age grass carp	?200	???140	?750		????95	?90-120	?190	?275.5	???1450	?7-8	?200													????135.5
					By the end of April								?＂??＂	?200	???100	?500	????95	?120-150	?190	?258.5	???1175	?8-9	?150	????156.5
By the end of April	?＂??＂	?100	????25	?250		????95	?150-200	??95	?108.2	???1150	?9-11	?150													?????83.2
					By the end of April								1 age in winter grass carp	?200	?????3	??15	????95	???210	?190	?162.5	????895	The end of the year	?120	????159.5
By the end of April	1 age in winter white chain	?300	???4.5	??15		????95	???210	?285	?203.8	????715	The end of the year	?100													????199.3
					By the end of April								2 age bighead	??50	??32.5	?650	????98	??60-90	??49	??56.4	???1150	?6-7	?200	?????23.9
By the end of April	?＂??＂	??50	????25	?500		????98	??140-150	??49	??58.8	???1200	?7-8	?200													?????33.8
					At the beginning of 7 months								The summer flower bighead	?150	??0.15	???1	????90	??140-150	?135	??13.5	????100	The end of the year	??20	????13.35
By the end of April	1 age in winter carp	??80	?????2	??25		????95	????210	??76	??91.2	???1200	The end of the year	?168													?????89.2
					By the end of April								1 age in winter crucian	?500	????10	??20	????95	????210	?425	??85	????200	The end of the year	??27	?????75
Subtotal		1830	?342.15					?1684	?1311.4																???969.25

Table 2:

Put in a suitable place to breed					Survival rate Z	Results
												Time (month)	Kind	Mantissa's (mu)	Weight kilogram/mu	Specification gram/tail	Raise fate	Mantissa's (mu)	Weight kilogram/mu	Specification gram/tail	Month time	Net production (kilogram)
July	The white chain of summer flower	300	????3	??10		????80	???350	?240	????156	????650	Next year 7												????153
					12-unit							2 ages white chain	100	????65	?650	????95	?150-180	??95	????71.25	????750	Next year 5	????6.25
12-unit	?＂??＂	100	????50	?500		????95	?150-180	??95	????71.25	????750	Next year 6												????21.25
					July							2 age bighead	?80	????52	?650	????95	?180-210	??76	????83.8	???1100	Then 12	????31.6
July	1 age in winter bighead	200	????10	??50		????90	???360	?180	????90	????500	Next year 7												????80
					12-unit							The summer flower pond crucian carp	500	????0.5	???1	????90	???360	?450	????90	????200	Next year 7	????89.5
July	The summer flower carp	100	????0.2	???2		????90	???140	??90	????81	????900	Next year 7												????80.8
					July							1 age grass carp	200	????100	?500	????90	???360	?180	????270	???1500	Then 12	????170
July	The summer flower grass carp	100	????0.25	?2.5		????80	???360	??80	????40	????500	Next year 7												????39.75
					July							1 age black carp	?20	????0.5	??25	????70	????90	??14	????10.5	????750	Next year 7	????10
Next year 4	Tilapia mossambica	500	???12.5	??25		????90		?450	????90	????200	Next year 7												????77.5
					Subtotal							2200	???293.95				?1950	???1053.6			????759.65

Claims (6)

1, a kind of pond culture and plantation alternating method is characterized in that pond rice-fish crop rotation concrete steps comprise:

(1) at the fingerling of 1-product kind of single step of releasing foot all size before the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term);

(2) strengthened raising and management, and comprising in 120-140 days that put behind the fish:

A. fertilising: comprise that with fertilizer pig manure, chicken manure, green manure are base manure, average amount of fertilizer applied 700-1000kg/ mu is used the inorganic fertilizer that comprises carbon ammonium, urea, phosphate fertilizer when the transparency of water＞20cm, each fertilizing amount 10-20kg/ mu,

B. throw in feed: the amount of throwing in for the first time powdery, pasty state or granulated meal be the food fish fish loading amount 3%, 9 o'clock to 9 o'clock every morning, half-sum 14 o'clock was to twice of 14 bait throwing in thirty, increase feed later on successively, be principle and eaten up its same day to guarantee that fish has enough, do before the pool and to stop bait throwing in 10-12 days

C. running check water transparence, is put initial stage depth of water 1-1.5m in a suitable place to breed at reasonably water filling and moisturizing, and 30 ℃ of temperature can reach more than the 2m with headwater depth,

D. use aerator and in time replenish oxygen in water, the time that aerator leaves for morning the 2-3 point or noon the 12-13 point,

E. in time rise and catch the marketable fish that reaches specification, can adopt " net formula fish sieve " to rise and catch screening.

(3) rise the 7-8 month and put the pond in order after having caught fish, the fill ridge surrounds some fields, and excavates just the ditch with water filling and draining;

(4) execute the conditioning agent paclobutrazol after rice shoot survives, execute the 2-2.5 gram for every mu, paddy was eared to 80% o'clock, executed mepiquat chloride, executed the 5-5.5 gram for every mu;

(5) water filling immediately, fertilising behind the harvesting late rice at the beginning of the 10-11 month, the preceding preparation of sterilizing and breed fish.

2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that step (4) rice sprouts between full-bloom stage can be discharged water flood blue or green as green manure.

3, a kind of aqiuculrue and crop rotation method, it is characterized in that aqiuculrue and the Dry crop crop rotation method that comprises watermelon, sugarcane, broad bean, pea, wheat, barley, rape, when the selected autumn and winter sowing crop that comprises pea, wheat, rape, can put fish in January, fish the back 9-10 month and plant wholely, at the bottom of crops harvestings afterwards flattens the pool, discharge water, breed fish, fish at the beginning of the end of the year or next year, then immediately wholely, with the spring sown crop crop rotation that comprises early rice, watermelon.

4, in accordance with the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that available pea, watermelon, wheat, barley, safflower grass-seed, perennial ryegrass flood green grass or young crops and breed fish.

5, according to the described method of claim 1.3, it is characterized in that described fish comprise the fresh-water fishes of carp, grass carp, black carp, crucian, silver carp, bighead, bream, Tilapia mossambica, adopting a kind of fish is the raise together with modes of main body fish several fishes wherein for the collocation fish.

6, according to the described method of claim 1.3, it is characterized in that described piscina is north-south, area 5-8 mu, long and wide ratio 2: 1 or 5: 3, depth of water 1.5-2.0m, smooth at the bottom of the pond, the ridge, pond face width degree 2-3m, the gradient 1: 1-1.5 annotates the drain ditch separately, water filling port is higher than the water surface, and drainpipe is layered on and is lower than 50-80 centimeters at the bottom of the pool.