CN118160829A - Feed additive for improving muscle hardness and health level of embrittled tilapia mossambica and application of feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a feed additive for improving the muscle hardness and health level of embrittled tilapia mossambica and application thereof. The feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-2 parts of rutin; 5-20 parts of sodium butyrate; 50-70 parts of yeast powder, the rest raw materials are filler, the filler is bran, and the feed additive is obtained after uniform mixing and is added into the puffed feed for tilapia, wherein the addition amount of the puffed feed is 1.5% of the formula of the basic feed for tilapia. The prepared compound feed additive can relieve the oxidative stress of tilapia, improve the hardness of the muscles of the embrittled tilapia, improve the health level of the embrittled tilapia, have the functions of improving the intestinal morphology and promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the fish body, remove excessive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), reduce the oxidative stress of the body and reduce the occurrence of lipid and protein oxidation. The raw materials are safe, have no toxic or side effect, have no pollution to the environment, and have simple production process.

Description

Feed additive for improving muscle hardness and health level of embrittled tilapia mossambica and application of feed additive

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture and feed additives, in particular to a feed additive for improving the muscle hardness and health level of embrittled tilapia and application thereof.

Background

The tilapia is an important freshwater aquaculture variety export aquatic product in China, and has the characteristics of fast growth, high yield, edibility impurities, strong stress resistance, fine meat quality, rich nutrition and the like. Under the background that land resources and water resources are more intense, the high-density intensive culture has become a main culture mode of tilapia. However, the tilapia quality, especially the muscle hardness, is easily reduced in a high-density cultivation environment. In order to improve the quality of tilapia, in the tilapia culture industry, in recent years, the muscle quality of tilapia is improved by directly feeding broad beans or adding high-level broad bean powder into feed, and the muscle hardness is improved. The tilapia cultured in the mode (commonly called as embrittled tilapia) has the advantages of crisp meat quality, high elasticity, no rotten after long-time boiling and the like, breaks through the traditional cognition of consumers on tilapia fish, and becomes an important breakthrough direction for tilapia culture transformation and upgrading. Since broad beans contain a large amount of anti-nutritional substances such as tannin, lectin, oligosaccharide and the like, tannin can have a strong effect on protein substances so as to influence the activity of various biological enzymes; lectin has adverse effects of stimulating intestinal wall, preventing digestion and absorption, and affecting intestinal mucosa cell metabolism, bacterial ecology and immune function; oligosaccharides are readily absorbed and utilized by a variety of microorganisms such as coliform bacteria to produce a large amount of gas, and are considered as flatulence factors. These antinutritional factors are not easily eliminated, are difficult to digest and absorb, and have great harm to the health of fish. Long-term ingestion of a feed containing high-level broad beans can cause problems of white and swollen liver, thin intestinal tracts, purulent inflammation and the like of tilapia, and the death rate is increased in the later period of cultivation.

The tilapia feed additive in the prior art mainly solves the technical problems that: improving the growth performance of tilapia, resisting oxidation of liver, improving immunity, and promoting ovary development, as disclosed in patent application number 202310363341.4、202211459707.X、202011107332.1、201810089223.8、201711229102.0、201510930474.0、201510273455.5、201510259131.6,, 201910826875. X. However, the problem of embrittling the muscle hardness and health level of tilapia is not deeply involved. Aiming at the problems, the feed additive is compounded from the aspects of improving liver and intestine health and promoting muscle hardness and flavor, and can improve the health level and the muscle taste (hardness increase) of tilapia mossambica. The application is beneficial to developing the tilapia consumer market on one hand, and can promote the economic benefit of tilapia culture and promote the health and sustainable development of tilapia culture industry on the other hand.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a feed additive for improving the muscle hardness and health level of embrittled tilapia mossambica and application thereof. The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the rutin, sodium butyrate and yeast powder are used as raw materials to be mixed to prepare the compound feed additive for tilapia, which is used for relieving the oxidative stress of the tilapia, improving the hardness of the muscles of the embrittled tilapia and improving the health level of the embrittled tilapia.

The design idea of the invention is as follows: rutin has the functions of repairing fish oxidative stress and enhancing organism oxidation resistance, sodium butyrate has the functions of improving intestinal morphology and promoting digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, and yeast powder has the functions of improving intestinal flora and muscle flavor; the composite feed additive for tilapia is prepared by mixing three raw materials with different characteristics, can improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme in the fish body, remove excessive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), reduce the oxidative stress of the body, improve the intestinal morphology and flora structure, promote the liver and intestine health, and improve the muscle taste (muscle hardness) and the health level of the tilapia.

Rutin is a flavonoid substance extracted from plants, has a unique flavone polyphenol structure, contains rich phenolic hydroxyl groups, especially catechol functional groups, is mainly absorbed in the small intestine or combined with endogenous proteins of the small intestine, and is further transported to other tissues of the organism in intestinal tissues or through blood entering. Rutin has various biological activities and has application potential in reducing oxidative stress of organisms, reducing inflammation, promoting growth and enhancing organism immunity. According to the research, rutin is added into daily ration, so that the oxidation resistance of the liver of the tilapia mossambica can be improved, the damage to the liver and muscle fibers can be reduced, the IgM, anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines of the liver can be reduced, and the health condition of the tilapia mossambica can be improved.

Sodium butyrate is sodium butyrate, is widely used in livestock and aquatic feeds, and has the effects of promoting growth of fish bodies, resisting bacteria, resisting inflammation and the like. Research shows that sodium butyrate is taken as a rapid energy source of animal intestinal cells, can accelerate the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells, and has recovery effect on the stimulatory injury. In addition, the butyrate has the effect of stimulating the absorption of water and sodium ions in the colon, generating enzymes for promoting the repair of mucous membrane, stimulating the synthesis of mRNA and protein in cells, improving the proliferation of intestinal villi, deepening the depth of crypt, reducing the villi width and improving the digestion and absorption capacity of the organism on nutrients.

The yeast powder is a single-cell feed protein source, and the yeast cell wall is rich in yeast polysaccharide and glucan, so that the yeast powder has important effects in maintaining normal physiological form of cells, resisting oxidation, resisting tumor, resisting bacteria and viruses, enhancing organism immunity, regulating intestinal flora balance, reducing cholesterol content and the like. Based on the method, three raw materials are compounded into a composite additive, when the composite additive is added into feed, the proper addition amount of the three components is simultaneously satisfied, and an optimal additive ratio is screened out through a response surface optimization experiment and orthogonal range analysis. The feed additive takes rutin, sodium butyrate and yeast powder as raw materials, and the purpose of improving the quality and the health level of the embrittled tilapia muscle is achieved through the combined action of the raw materials.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a feed additive for improving the muscle hardness and health level of embrittled tilapia and application thereof are characterized in that: the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

0.5-2 parts of rutin; 5-20 parts of sodium butyrate; 50-70 parts of yeast powder, wherein the rest raw materials are filler, the filler is bran, and the total parts of the raw materials are measured according to 100 parts; the feed additive is obtained after the raw materials are evenly mixed.

The feed additive is added into the puffed feed for tilapia, and the addition amount of the feed additive is 1.5% of the formula of the basic feed for tilapia.

The basic feed (the raw materials are in parts by weight) comprises the following components: 60 parts of broad beans, 7 parts of wheat flour, 2 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 5.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15 part of choline chloride and 0.55 part of premix (mature premix in the prior art).

Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials used in the examples below are all commercially available products which are well known in the art.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:

1. The composite feed additive for tilapia is prepared by mixing rutin, sodium butyrate and yeast powder as raw materials, so that the oxidative stress of the tilapia can be relieved, the hardness of the muscles of the embrittled tilapia can be improved, and the health level of the embrittled tilapia can be improved;

2. The invention utilizes rutin and sodium butyrate to have the function of promoting the growth of fish muscle, and the sodium butyrate and yeast powder have the functions of improving the intestinal morphology and promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, so that the activity of antioxidant enzymes in fish bodies is improved, excessive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are removed, the oxidative stress of the bodies is reduced, and the occurrence of lipid and protein oxidation is reduced;

3. According to the invention, additive combinations with different proportions are designed according to the regulation factors, response surface optimization experiments are carried out, and the optimal additive proportions are screened out through orthogonal range analysis, so that the effects of various single additives are mutually complemented, and the composite product is more economical and effective;

4. the technical scheme of the invention ensures that the efficacy of the additives are mutually synergistic, reduces the dosage of a single additive, thereby reducing side effects, improving safety and reducing dosage and cost;

5. the technical scheme of the invention improves the performance of the additive, meets the requirements of the processing technology, masks, optimizes and enhances the flavor of the additive, and improves the mouthfeel of food;

6. the raw materials used in the invention are safe, have no toxic or side effect, have no pollution to the environment, and have stable source supply and simple production process.

Drawings

FIG. 1, a bar graph of muscle weight gain rate of tilapia after use of additive feed;

FIG. 2, a bar graph of muscle hardness of tilapia after use of additive feed;

FIG. 3 is a bar graph of the SOD content of tilapia muscle after the additive feed is used;

fig. 4, a bar graph of tilapia muscle collagen content after the use of additive feed.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Example 1

Selecting additive raw materials: 0.5 part of rutin, 5 parts of sodium butyrate, 50 parts of yeast powder and 44.5 parts of bran (filler), uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a feed additive, and adding the obtained feed additive into the puffed feed of tilapia according to the addition amount accounting for 1.5% of the basic feed formula of the tilapia.

Example two

Selecting additive raw materials: 0.5 part of rutin, 5 parts of sodium butyrate, 60 parts of yeast powder and 34.5 parts of bran (filler), and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a feed additive, wherein the obtained feed additive is added into the puffed feed of tilapia according to the addition amount accounting for 1.5% of the basic feed formula of the tilapia.

Example III

Selecting additive raw materials: 1 part of rutin, 5 parts of sodium butyrate, 50 parts of yeast powder and 44 parts of bran (filler), uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a feed additive, and adding the obtained feed additive into the puffed tilapia feed according to the addition amount accounting for 1.5% of the tilapia base feed formula.

Example IV

Selecting additive raw materials: 1 part of rutin, 12 parts of sodium butyrate, 50 parts of yeast powder and 37 parts of bran (filler), uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a feed additive, and adding the obtained feed additive into the puffed tilapia feed according to the addition amount accounting for 1.5% of the tilapia base feed formula.

Example five

Selecting additive raw materials: 1 part of rutin, 12 parts of sodium butyrate, 60 parts of yeast powder and 27 parts of bran (filler), uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a feed additive, and adding the obtained feed additive into the puffed tilapia feed according to the addition amount accounting for 1.5% of the tilapia base feed formula.

Example six

Selecting additive raw materials: 2 parts of rutin, 12 parts of sodium butyrate, 70 parts of yeast powder and 16 parts of bran (filler), uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a feed additive, and adding the obtained feed additive into the puffed tilapia feed according to the addition amount accounting for 1.5% of the tilapia base feed formula.

Example seven

Selecting additive raw materials: 2 parts of rutin, 20 parts of sodium butyrate, 50 parts of yeast powder and 28 parts of bran (filler), uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a feed additive, and adding the obtained feed additive into the puffed tilapia feed according to the addition amount accounting for 1.5% of the tilapia base feed formula.

Example eight

Selecting additive raw materials: 2 parts of rutin, 20 parts of sodium butyrate, 70 parts of yeast powder and 8 parts of bran (filler), uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a feed additive, and adding the obtained feed additive into the puffed tilapia feed according to the addition amount accounting for 1.5% of the tilapia base feed formula.

Example test results

The experimental feed was obtained from the company of Macao feed limited, four-conference city, 1.5% of the additives prepared in the above examples 1 to 8 were added to the basic formula of the embrittled feed for tilapia, and no additive was added to the feed of comparative example 1, whereas the feed of comparative example 2 was a general commercial tilapia feed.

The feed raw materials are mixed, conditioned, granulated and dried, and then are hermetically packaged and stored at room temperature for standby.

Design of experiment

The basic formula and the nutritional ingredients of the tilapia embrittlement feed are shown in table 1.

Table 1 tilapia embrittlement feed base formula

The cultivation experiments were carried out in a pond cage (2 m×1m×1m), the cultivation breed was tilapia, the average initial weight was (373.15±18.13) g, 10 treatment groups (examples 1 to 8, comparative examples 1 to 8) were all carried out, 3 replicates were each treated group, 20 fish were each replicate, and the cultivation period was 70 days. The fish is fed twice a day, and the feeding amount is 2% -3% of the weight of the fish. During the raising experiment, the water temperature is 26-33 deg.c, the dissolved oxygen is >5.0 mg/L, the pH value is 7.4-7.6, the total ammonia nitrogen is <0.2 mg/L, and the natural light irradiation is performed. And after the cultivation experiment is finished, collecting samples for performing relevant performance test.

1. Growth performance

After the experimental feed is fed for 10 weeks, the weight gain rate of tilapia using the additive is obviously higher than that of a control example, and the survival rate is over 95 percent, which indicates that the additive can obviously improve the growth performance and feed efficiency of farmed fish. Example 5 has the greatest rate of gain and exhibits optimal growth performance, see in particular table 2 and fig. 1.

TABLE 2 results of growth Performance test

2. Basic nutrition component of muscle

After the experimental feed is fed for 10 weeks, the crude protein content of tilapia muscle using the additive is obviously lower than that of a control, and the moisture content, the crude protein content and the ash content of the muscle are not obviously different, so that the additive can reduce the crude fat content of the embrittled tilapia muscle, and the specific table is shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 results of muscle basic nutritional ingredient testing

3. Muscle texture index:

after 10 weeks of feeding the experimental feed, the hardness, the chewing property and the elasticity of the tilapia muscle using the additive of the invention are obviously lower than those of the control. Example 5, which has the highest muscle hardness and shows the best muscle texture performance, is shown in table 4 and fig. 2.

TABLE 4 muscle texture index test results

Serum biochemical index

After the experimental feed is fed for 10 weeks, the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity of the tilapia by using the additive is obviously lower than that of a control example 1, and the serum triglyceride content is obviously compared with a control example 2, so that the additive can reduce the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase level and the triglyceride content of the embrittled tilapia and improve the health level. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activity have no significant difference. See in particular table 5.

TABLE 5 serum Biochemical index test results

Biochemical parameters of muscle

After 10 weeks of feeding the experimental feed, the muscle SOD activity of the tilapia by using the additive disclosed by the invention is obviously increased (see figure 3), meanwhile, the muscle CAT and T-AOC activities are obviously higher than those of a control example 1, and the muscle MDA content is obviously lower than that of the control example 1, so that the additive can improve the oxidation resistance of the embrittled tilapia muscle. The tilapia muscle collagen content of the additive provided by the invention is the highest (see figure 4), which shows that the additive can improve the nutritional value of the embrittled tilapia muscle. See in particular tables 6, 3 and 4.

TABLE 6 results of muscle Biochemical index test

Whole blood cell index

After the experimental feed is fed for 10 weeks, the total red blood cell number, the hemoglobin content and the platelet number of the tilapia using the additive are obviously higher than those of the control example 1, and are similar to those of the control example 2, so that the additive can improve the blood cell health level of the embrittled tilapia. There was no significant difference in the number of whole blood leukocytes. See in particular table 7.

TABLE 7 Whole blood cell index test results

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the formulations, amounts of ingredients disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps. Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.

The above description is only a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, but numerous examples can be derived, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept and without inventive effort, and which fall within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A feed additive for improving the muscle hardness and health level of embrittled tilapia and application thereof are characterized in that: the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

0.5-2 parts of rutin; 5-20 parts of sodium butyrate; 50-70 parts of yeast powder, wherein the rest raw materials are filler, the filler is bran, and the total parts of the raw materials are measured according to 100 parts; the feed additive is obtained after the raw materials are evenly mixed.

2. The feed additive for improving the muscle hardness and health level of embrittled tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 and the use thereof, wherein: the feed additive is added into the puffed feed for tilapia, and the addition amount of the feed additive is 1.5% of the formula of the basic feed for tilapia.