CN117751951A - 防治植物病害的混合制剂及其应用 - Google Patents

防治植物病害的混合制剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN117751951A
CN117751951A CN202311728501.7A CN202311728501A CN117751951A CN 117751951 A CN117751951 A CN 117751951A CN 202311728501 A CN202311728501 A CN 202311728501A CN 117751951 A CN117751951 A CN 117751951A
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component
mixture
fructus psoraleae
plant diseases
mixed
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于海峰
关丽杰
赵礼慧
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Abstract

本发明涉及混合制剂，具体的说是一种防治植物病害的混合制剂及其应用。混合物由A组分和B组分按质量份数99:1～1:99混合；其中，A组分为补骨脂提取物，B组分为蛇床子素、氨基寡糖素、壳多糖、菇类蛋白多糖中的一种或几种；所述补骨脂提取物为豆科植物补骨脂的成熟干燥种子补骨脂中提取获得的混合物。本发明两种药剂混合使用，可以扩大杀菌谱，同时，增加防效和延长持效期。

Description

防治植物病害的混合制剂及其应用
本申请是中国发明专利申请的分案申请，原申请日为2018年11月06日，申请号201811311692.6，发明创造名称：防治植物病害的混合制剂及其应用，公开号：CN109303074A；由于原申请存在审查员指出的单一性问题，申请人提出分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及混合制剂，具体的说是一种防治植物病害的混合制剂及其应用。
背景技术
长期以来，化学农药的发展及其在农业生产过程中的应用，为及时有效地控制农业病虫害、保证农产品高产增产发挥了不可忽视的积极作用，极大地推动了农业的发展。但由于对农药的长期反复使用和滥用，目前，已造成现有农药品种在防治农作物病虫害方面，出现药效减退、甚至无效的现象。抗药性的出现不仅对农药的效力会产生严重的消极影响，造成生产成本上升，防治效果下降，而且还会因盲目用药影响到自然界的生态平衡。而且，化学农药的创制越来越难。与化学农药相比，生物农药具有选择性强、对人畜安全、对生态环境影响小、有害生物不易产生抗性。本专利将不同作用机理，不同防治范围，不同作用方式的有效成分，科学搭配，加工成复配制剂，能扩大药剂的杀菌谱、提高药效、降低毒性、延缓抗性、降低防治成本，扩大农药在新作物、新防治对象等方面的应用范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治植物病害的混合制剂及其应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用技术方案为：
一种防治植物病害的混合物，混合物由A组分和B组分按质量份数99:1～1:99混合；其中，A组分为补骨脂提取物，B组分为各类农药有效成分。其中各类农药有效成分为蛇床子素、氨基寡糖素、壳多糖、菇类蛋白多糖中的一种或几种。
所述补骨脂提取物为豆科植物补骨脂的成熟干燥种子补骨脂中提取，其中含有多种化合物，化合物主要有补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、补骨脂定、补骨脂酚、补骨脂查耳酮、异补骨脂查耳酮、补骨脂二氢黄酮、补骨脂异黄酮。
优选为：所述混合物中A组分为补骨脂提取物，B组分为蛇床子素时，AB两组分按质量份数10:1～1:10；B组分为氨基寡糖素时，AB两组分按质量份数10:1～1:10；B组分为壳多糖时，AB两组分按质量份数10:1～1:10；B组分为菇类蛋白多糖时，AB两组分按质量份数10:1～1:10。
再进一步的说，A组分为补骨脂提取物，B组分为蛇床子素时，AB两组分按质量份数1:9～1:1；B组分为氨基寡糖素时，AB两组分按质量份数1:4～1:1；B组分为壳多糖时，AB两组分按质量份数1:9～1:1；B组分为菇类蛋白多糖时，AB两组分按质量份数1:4～1:1。
一种防治植物病害的混合物的应用，所述混合物在防治植物病害中的应用。
进一步的说，
1)A组分与蛇床子素混合，主要用于防治水稻稻瘟病、苹果腐烂病、黄瓜炭疽病、草莓白粉病、黄瓜白粉病、葡萄霜霉病、辣椒疫霉病、小麦赤霉病等植物病害。2)A组分与氨基寡糖素混合，主要用于防治水稻稻瘟病、苹果腐烂病、黄瓜炭疽病、棉花黄萎病、番茄早疫病、番茄晚疫病、黄瓜白粉病、西瓜枯萎病、烟草病毒病、番茄花叶病毒病等植物病害。同时，促进植物生长，提高植物对逆境的抗性。3)A组分与壳多糖混合，主要用于防治水稻稻瘟病、苹果腐烂病、黄瓜炭疽病、草莓白粉病等植物病害。同时，提高植物抗逆性。4)A组分与菇类蛋白多糖混合，主要用于防治水稻稻瘟病、苹果腐烂病、黄瓜炭疽病、茄子斑萎病毒病、黄瓜绿斑花叶病、番茄斑萎病毒病、曲顶病毒病等植物病害。
一种防治植物病害的混合制剂，制剂以所述混合物为活性成分，农业上可接受的载体和助剂，其中，活性成分的含量为1％～99％。
所述制剂为可溶性液剂、粉剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、可分散粒剂、泡腾片剂和悬浮剂。
进一步的说，所述组分A与组分B混合后可按照常规方式制备上述剂型，具体为：
(1)组分A与组分B混合后，用二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇、乙二醇、甲醇或环己酮等溶剂溶解，加入T-20、NP-15、NP-7、EL-40、ZSL-6140、S-80、农乳500、农乳601或T-80按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的可溶性液剂。(2)组分A与组分B混合后，与陶土、高岭土、白土、膨润土、硅藻土或滑石粉等填料混合，再加入T-20、NP-15、NP-7、EL-40、ZSL-6140、S-80、农乳500、农乳601或T-80等少量助剂混合，通过混合机、高速粉碎机等加工设备按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的粉剂。(3)组分A与组分B混合后，用二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇、乙二醇、甲醇或环己酮等溶剂溶解，加入T-20、NP-15、NP-7、EL-40、ZSL-6140、S-80、农乳500、农乳601或T-80等助剂，再加入水中高速剪切搅拌按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的水乳剂。(4)组分A与组分B混合后，用二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇、乙二醇、甲醇或环己酮等溶剂溶解，加入T-20、NP-15、NP-7、EL-40、ZSL-6140、S-80、农乳500、农乳601或T-80等助剂，然后再将上述均匀的液体加入到水中，边加入边搅拌成均匀的液相按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的微乳剂。(5)组分A与组分B混合后，与黏土、高岭石、云母、滑石、膨润土、酸性白土、硅砂或硅石等载体混合，再加入一定的粘结剂、稀释剂等，通过造粒机按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的可分散粒剂。(6)组分A与组分B混合后，与十二烷基硫酸钠、无水硫酸钠、膨润土、淀粉、硼砂、高岭土或锯末等混合后，经气流粉碎机粉碎至平均粒径数为微米，再添加粘合剂再混合机中混合均匀，最后在压片机上压片按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的泡腾片剂。(7)组分A与组分B混合后，加入白炭黑、膨润土、淀粉、乙二醇、有机硅乳、环氧化植物油、山梨酸钾、T-80，以水为介质，经超微研磨机研磨制备得悬浮剂。
本发明所具有的优点：
(1)扩大杀菌谱，提高防效。两种药剂混合使用，可以扩大杀菌谱，同时，增加防效和延长持效期。
(2)在一定程度上克服了病原菌的抗药性。农药混合使用，对病原菌是多作用位点，可以防止和克服有害生物产生抗药性，延长农药品种的使用寿命。
(3)可以提高对不明病害的防治命中率。
(4)补骨脂提取物和补骨脂提取物中含有的补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、补骨脂定、补骨脂酚、补骨脂查耳酮、异补骨脂查耳酮、补骨脂二氢黄酮、补骨脂异黄酮等多种有效成分作为新药和老药混用，可大大延长老农药的使用年限。
(5)补骨脂提取物和补骨脂提取物中含有的补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、补骨脂定、补骨脂酚、补骨脂查耳酮、异补骨脂查耳酮、补骨脂二氢黄酮、补骨脂异黄酮等多种有效成分和其他农药混合既可以提高药效，又降低了农药使用剂量，从而降低了成本。
(6)补骨脂提取物和补骨脂提取物中含有的补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、补骨脂定、补骨脂酚、补骨脂查耳酮、异补骨脂查耳酮、补骨脂二氢黄酮、补骨脂异黄酮等多种有效成分作为植物源农药与其他农药混用，还可以减少环境污染及对天敌的危害。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的解释说明。下述各实施例中AB两组分的用量比均为质量份数比。
制剂实施例
(1)组分A与组分B混合后含量为0.1％～20％，用二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇、乙二醇、甲醇或环己酮等溶剂溶解含量为10％～70％。再加入T-20、NP-15、NP-7、EL-40、ZSL-6140、S-80、农乳500、农乳601或T-80等助剂含量为10％～20％。按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的可溶性液剂。(2)组分A与组分B混合后含量为0.1％～20％，与陶土、高岭土、白土、膨润土、硅藻土或滑石粉等填料混合10％～50％，再加入T-20、NP-15、NP-7、EL-40、ZSL-6140、S-80、农乳500、农乳601或T-80等少量助剂混合含量为5％～20％，通过混合机、高速粉碎机等加工设备按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的粉剂。(3)组分A与组分B混合后含量为0.1％～20％用二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇、乙二醇、甲醇或环己酮等溶剂溶解含量为5％～30％，加入T-20、NP-15、NP-7、EL-40、ZSL-6140、S-80、农乳500、农乳601或T-80等助剂含量为5％～30％，其余部分再加入水中高速剪切搅拌按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的水乳剂。(4)组分A与组分B混合后含量为0.1％～20％，用二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇、乙二醇、甲醇或环己酮等溶剂溶解含量为0.1％～40％，加入T-20、NP-15、NP-7、EL-40、ZSL-6140、S-80、农乳500、农乳601或T-80等助剂含量为0.1％～20％，然后再将上述均匀的液体加入到水中(其他部分为水)，边加入边搅拌成均匀的液相按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的微乳剂。(5)组分A与组分B混合后含量为0.1％～20％，与黏土、高岭石、云母、滑石、膨润土、酸性白土、硅砂或硅石等载体混合含量为10％～20％，再加入一定的粘结剂、稀释剂等含量为5％～15％，通过造粒机按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的粒剂。(6)组分A与组分B混合后含量为0.1％～40％，与十二烷基硫酸钠、无水硫酸钠、膨润土、淀粉、硼砂、高岭土或锯末等混合后含量为2％～60％，经气流粉碎机粉碎至平均粒径数为微米，再添加粘合剂再混合机中混合均匀，最后在压片机上压片按照现有制剂的制备方式加工成防治植物病害的泡腾片剂。
上述记载的组分A为通过市购(市购自沈阳同祥生物农药有限公司，农药登记证号PD20190058)或者自行采用溶剂浸提法，溶剂包括乙醇、丙酮、甲醇、水，从补骨脂种子中提取方式提取获得；优选溶剂为乙醇，所述补骨脂提取物为豆科植物补骨脂的成熟干燥种子补骨脂中提取。
组分B可为上述记载中任选，为市购产品或者自行加工产品。
活性测定：
1.联合毒力测定
采用菌饼接种，含毒介质培养法测定补骨脂提取物分别和不同农药有效成分混合对不同病原菌菌丝生长抑制作用的EC50及共毒系数(CTC值)，试验处理包括对照单剂以及不同比例混配的混剂，各药剂处理按等差方式配制不同浓度，各处理浓度重复3次，菌饼移植后，24～26℃黑暗恒温培养3～7天，在对照处理直径达到培养皿直径三分之二左右开始调查，数据处理及分析方法如下：
根据调查结果计算各处理浓度的抑制生长率％；将各药剂处理浓度及对应的抑制生长率依次输入“农药生物测定分析统计程序”，求出各药剂的EC50；根据单剂和混剂的EC50计算各混剂的共毒系数(CTC值)，评价混剂有无增效作用。计算方法采用Sun.Y-P和JohnsonE.R法。共度系数大于120为增效作用。计算公式如下：
公式中：混剂理论毒力指数＝A药的毒力指数×A药在混剂中的有效成分百分数+B药的毒力指数×B药在混剂中的有效成分百分数+……
(1)补骨脂提取物和蛇床子素对黄瓜霜霉病的联合毒力测定(参见表1)，同时补骨脂提取物和蛇床子素对常见病害的测定(参见表2)
表1补骨脂提取物和蛇床子素对黄瓜霜霉病的联合毒力测定结果
试验结果表明，补骨脂提取物和蛇床子素相混，具有增效作用，取两者混合物，质量比为3:7的混剂，对其进行抑菌活性的研究，对混合物进行抑菌活性的研究，根据该混合物对常见病害的EC50表，表明该混合物扩大了补骨脂提取物的杀菌谱。
表2补骨脂提取物和蛇床子素混合物对主要病害的EC50表
(2)补骨脂提取物和氨基寡糖素对番茄早疫病的联合毒力测定(参见表3)，同时补骨脂提取物和氨基寡糖素对常见病害的测定(参见表4)
表3补骨脂提取物和氨基寡糖素对番茄早疫病的联合毒力测定结果
试验结果表明，补骨脂提取物和氨基寡糖素相混，具有增效作用，取两者混合物，质量比为3:7的混剂，对其进行抑菌活性的研究，对混合物进行抑菌活性的研究，根据该混合物对常见病害的EC50表，表明该混合物扩大了补骨脂提取物的杀菌谱。
表4补骨脂提取物和氨基寡糖素混合物对主要病害的EC50表
(3)补骨脂提取物和菇类蛋白多糖对黄瓜灰霉病的联合毒力测定(参见表5)，同时补骨脂提取物和菇类蛋白多糖对常见病害的测定(参见表6)
表5补骨脂提取物和菇类蛋白多糖对黄瓜灰霉病的联合毒力测定结果
试验结果表明，补骨脂提取物和菇类蛋白多糖相混，具有增效作用，取两者混合物，质量比为3:7的混剂，对其进行抑菌活性的研究，对混合物进行抑菌活性的研究，根据该混合物对常见病害的EC50表，表明该混合物扩大了补骨脂提取物的杀菌谱。
表6补骨脂提取物和菇类蛋白多糖混合物对主要病害的EC50表
(4)补骨脂提取物和壳多糖对水稻纹枯病的联合毒力测定(参见表7)，同时补骨脂提取物和壳多糖对常见病害的测定(参见表8)
表7补骨脂提取物和壳多糖对水稻纹枯病的联合毒力测定结果
试验结果表明，补骨脂提取物和壳多糖相混，具有增效作用，取两者混合物，质量比为3:7的混剂，对其进行抑菌活性的研究，对混合物进行抑菌活性的研究，根据该混合物对常见病害的EC50表，表明该混合物扩大了补骨脂提取物的杀菌谱。
表8补骨脂提取物和壳多糖混合物对主要病害的EC50表
2.田间试验
根据《农药田间药效试验准则》中试验方法，测定补骨脂提取物与不同物质混合制剂的田间药效，每组试验设对照药剂和清水空白对照(CK)，试验结果见下列各表。(1)补骨脂提取物与蛇床子素微乳剂防治辣椒疫霉病田间试验补骨脂提取物与蛇床子素微乳剂成分组成：补骨脂提取物3％、蛇床子素7％、环己酮20％、农乳700 1％、NP-15 13％、乙二醇2％，其他部分为水。
表9补骨脂提取物与蛇床子素微乳剂田间试验调查结果
由上表可见，补骨脂提取物与蛇床子素微乳剂的药效良好。
(2)补骨脂提取物与氨基寡糖素微乳剂防治番茄晚疫病田间试验
补骨脂提取物与氨基寡糖素微乳剂成分组成：补骨脂提取物3％、氨基寡糖素7％、氮甲基吡咯烷酮20％、农乳602 13％、NP-7 4％、乙二醇1％，其他部分为水。
表10补骨脂提取物与氨基寡糖素微乳剂田间试验调查结果
由上表可见，补骨脂提取物与氨基寡糖素微乳剂的药效良好。
(3)补骨脂提取物与菇类蛋白多糖微乳剂防治水稻稻瘟病田间试验
补骨脂提取物与菇类蛋白多糖微乳剂成分组成：补骨脂提取物3％、菇类蛋白多糖7％、苯乙酮20％、0203B 14％、OP-10 3％、乙二醇2％，其他部分为水。
表11补骨脂提取物与菇类蛋白多糖微乳剂田间试验调查结果
由上表可见，补骨脂提取物与菇类蛋白多糖微乳剂的药效良好。
(4)补骨脂提取物与壳多糖微乳剂防治黄瓜炭疽病田间试验
补骨脂提取物与壳多糖微乳剂成分组成：补骨脂提取物3％、壳多糖7％、二甲基甲酰胺20％、农乳BY 12％、T-20 4％、乙二醇2％，其他部分为水。
表12补骨脂提取物与壳多糖微乳剂田间试验调查结果
由上表可见，补骨脂提取物与壳多糖微乳剂的药效良好。

Claims (7)

1.一种防治植物病害的混合物，其特征在于：混合物由A组分和B组分按质量份数99:1～1:99混合；其中，A组分为补骨脂提取物，B组分为蛇床子素、氨基寡糖素、壳多糖、菇类蛋白多糖中的一种或几种；
所述补骨脂提取物为豆科植物补骨脂的成熟干燥种子补骨脂中提取获得的混合物。
2.按权利要求1所述的防治植物病害的混合物，其特征在于：所述混合物中A组分为补骨脂提取物，B组分为蛇床子素、氨基寡糖素、壳多糖或菇类蛋白多糖，AB两组分按质量份数10:1～1:10。
3.按权利要求2所述的防治植物病害的混合物，其特征在于：A组分为补骨脂提取物，B组分为蛇床子素、氨基寡糖素、壳多糖或菇类蛋白多糖，AB两组分按质量份数1:9～9:1。
4.一种权利要求1所述的防治植物病害的混合物的应用，其特征在于：所述混合物在防治植物病害中的应用。
5.一种权利要求1所述的防治植物病害的混合制剂，其特征在于：制剂以权利要求1所述混合物为活性成分，农业上可接受的载体和助剂，其中，活性成分的含量为1％～99％。
6.按照权利要求5所述的防治植物病害的混合物制剂，其特征在于：所述制剂为粉剂、可溶性液剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、悬浮剂、可分散粒剂和泡腾片剂。
7.按照权利要求5所述的防治植物病害的混合物制剂，其特征在于：所述活性成分由A组分和B组分按质量份数99:1～1:99混合，A组分为补骨脂提取物，B组分为蛇床子素、氨基寡糖素、壳多糖或菇类蛋白多糖。
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