CN117069507A - 一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052674 natrolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方及其生产工艺，属于瓷器领域，包括原料和强化剂，通过在原有的瓷器原料的配方基础，通过加入纳米氧化锆、氧化镁、碳化硅晶须、玻璃水、聚乙烯纤维和颗粒碳化物为增韧剂的强化剂，能够改善陶瓷的脆性，增强陶瓷的韧性和强度，使陶瓷能显著提高冲击韧性和抗震性，降低陶瓷的脆性，且提高了材料的强度，同时，能够吸收陶瓷在生产过程中出现的应力，阻止微裂纹的进一步扩大以达到强化陶瓷韧性的目的，同时，通过选料、粉碎、过筛、除铁、配料、湿球磨、再过筛、再除铁、压滤、真空练泥、压制成型、干燥、施釉和烧制等十四个生产工艺步骤制备得到的瓷器，可大大提高瓷器强度，从而使瓷器在使用时具备高强度的韧性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及瓷器领域，特别涉及一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方及其生产工艺。
背景技术
日用瓷是日常生活中使用的一种瓷器。瓷器是一种由瓷石、高岭土、石英石、莫来石等组成，外表施有玻璃质釉或彩绘的物器。瓷器的成形要通过在窑内经过高温(约1280℃-1400℃)烧制，瓷器表面的釉色会因为温度的不同从而发生各种化学变化。
在现有技术中，陶瓷通常由非金属氧化物组成，如氧化铝、氧化硅等，这些氧化物具有高硬度和脆性的特点，使得陶瓷具有较高的抗压强度，但容易在受到外力作用下发生断裂，因为陶瓷的结构中存在大量的晶界和微裂纹，当受到外力时，这些微裂纹会扩展并最终导致材料的破裂，同时，陶瓷制品的制造过程中需要进行成型、干燥和烧结等多道工序，其中，成型过程中的挤压、模压等操作会在陶瓷内部产生应力集中，从而导致陶瓷的内部结构不均匀，同时，干燥和烧结过程中温度和湿度的变化也会引起材料的体积变化，进一步加剧了内部应力的积累，这些内部应力的存在使得陶瓷制品在受到外力作用时更容易发生断裂。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方及其生产工艺，可以有效解决背景技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方，包括原料和强化剂，所述原料包括瓷土、高岭土、石英粉、黏土、钾长石、钠石、烧滑石、白云石、碱石和生砂石，所述强化剂包括纳米氧化锆、氧化镁、碳化硅晶须、玻璃水、聚乙烯纤维和颗粒碳化物。
优选地，所述原料中瓷土的质量配比份数为三十份至四十份，高岭土的质量配比份数为十份至十五份，石英粉的质量配比份数为十二份至十八份，黏土的质量配比份数为十五份至三十份，钾长石的质量配比份数为七份至十二份，钠石的质量配比份数为四份至九份，烧滑石的质量配比份数为十一份至十七份，白云石的质量配比份数为十份至十四份，碱石的质量配比份数为九份至十四份，生砂石的质量配比份数为五份至九份。
优选地，所述强化剂中纳米氧化锆的质量配比份数为十份至二十份，氧化镁的质量配比份数为六份至十二份，碳化硅晶须的质量配比份数为九份至十六份，玻璃水的质量配比份数为四份至八份，聚乙烯纤维的质量配比份数为八份至十七份，颗粒碳化物的质量配比份数为十二份至十九份。
一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、选料：进厂后选用优质的原料；
步骤二、粉碎：除原料中软质黏土和粉料外将原料通过破碎设备粉碎加工成粗颗粒；
步骤三、过筛：将破碎后原料通过筛选机筛选出超大的颗粒后，通过破碎设备继续粉碎，得到原料粉料；
步骤四、除铁：用干式磁选机吸除铁杂或来自原矿及粉碎过程中机器磨耗而混入的铁屑，以提高成瓷的白度、透光度，减少斑点缺陷；
步骤五、配料：按照质量配比份数称取所需份数的原料和强化剂；
步骤六、湿球磨：将步骤五中的原料和强化剂投入到球磨机的料筒中，并加入清洁水靠球磨筒中的卵石的撞击和磨擦，将泥料颗料继续磨细；
步骤七、再过筛：将步骤六中得到的料浆再次通过筛选设备过筛以达到细度要求；
步骤八、再除铁：用湿式磁选机除去步骤七中的铁杂质；
步骤九、压滤：将步骤八中除铁质后的泥浆分装入压滤袋中，用压榨机挤压出多余水分；
步骤十、真空练泥：通过真空练泥设备将步骤九中得到的泥料经过真空练泥可以排除泥饼的残留空气，提高泥料的致密度和可塑性，并使泥料均匀，改善成型性能，提高干燥强度和成瓷机械强度；
步骤十一、压制成型：将步骤十中得到的泥料装入模具内，通过压机的柱塞施加外压力使泥料制成一定形状坯体；
步骤十二、干燥：利用窑炉余热使步骤十一得到的胚体干燥成型；
步骤十三、施釉：将釉浆倒入大木桶搅拌均匀，手持步骤十二得到的陶坯，在釉浆中滚动，蘸上釉浆；
步骤十四、烧制：将步骤十一中得到的胚体放入窑炉中进行高温烧制，得到耐碰撞的强化瓷器。
优选地，所述步骤六中球磨机的球磨时间设置在四十四小时至五十二小时。
优选地，所述步骤七中过筛的目数设置在四百目数以上。
优选地，所述步骤十四中窑炉的温度设置在一千二百摄氏度至一千四百摄氏度，且烧制时间设置在三小时至六小时。
优选地，所述步骤十四中窑炉的保温温度设置在六百摄氏度至七百摄氏度，且保温时间设置在一小时至一点五小时。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明中，通过在原有的瓷器原料的配方基础，通过加入纳米氧化锆、氧化镁、碳化硅晶须、玻璃水、聚乙烯纤维和颗粒碳化物为增韧剂的强化剂，能够改善陶瓷的脆性，增强陶瓷的韧性和强度，使陶瓷能显著提高冲击韧性和抗震性，降低陶瓷的脆性，且提高了材料的强度，同时，能够吸收陶瓷在生产过程中出现的应力，阻止微裂纹的进一步扩大以达到强化陶瓷韧性的目的，同时，通过选料、粉碎、过筛、除铁、配料、湿球磨、再过筛、再除铁、压滤、真空练泥、压制成型、干燥、施釉和烧制等十四个生产工艺步骤制备得到的瓷器，可大大提高瓷器的强度，从而使得瓷器在使用时具备高强度的韧性，进而达到提高瓷器的耐碰撞性能的目的，并让瓷器的耐碰撞性能得到强化，使得瓷器在使用时不会因外界因素而导致出现易碎的问题，提高了瓷器的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方及其生产工艺的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
如图1所示，一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方，包括原料和强化剂，原料包括瓷土、高岭土、石英粉、黏土、钾长石、钠石、烧滑石、白云石、碱石和生砂石，强化剂包括纳米氧化锆、氧化镁、碳化硅晶须、玻璃水、聚乙烯纤维和颗粒碳化物。
原料中瓷土的质量配比份数为三十份至四十份，高岭土的质量配比份数为十份至十五份，石英粉的质量配比份数为十二份至十八份，黏土的质量配比份数为十五份至三十份，钾长石的质量配比份数为七份至十二份，钠石的质量配比份数为四份至九份，烧滑石的质量配比份数为十一份至十七份，白云石的质量配比份数为十份至十四份，碱石的质量配比份数为九份至十四份，生砂石的质量配比份数为五份至九份，强化剂中纳米氧化锆的质量配比份数为十份至二十份，氧化镁的质量配比份数为六份至十二份，碳化硅晶须的质量配比份数为九份至十六份，玻璃水的质量配比份数为四份至八份，聚乙烯纤维的质量配比份数为八份至十七份，颗粒碳化物的质量配比份数为十二份至十九份；
一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、选料：进厂后选用优质的原料；
步骤二、粉碎：除原料中软质黏土和粉料外将原料通过破碎设备粉碎加工成粗颗粒；
步骤三、过筛：将破碎后原料通过筛选机筛选出超大的颗粒后，通过破碎设备继续粉碎，得到原料粉料；
步骤四、除铁：用干式磁选机吸除铁杂或来自原矿及粉碎过程中机器磨耗而混入的铁屑，以提高成瓷的白度、透光度，减少斑点缺陷；
步骤五、配料：按照质量配比份数称取所需份数的原料和强化剂；
步骤六、湿球磨：将步骤五中的原料和强化剂投入到球磨机的料筒中，并加入清洁水靠球磨筒中的卵石的撞击和磨擦，将泥料颗料继续磨细；
步骤七、再过筛：将步骤六中得到的料浆再次通过筛选设备过筛以达到细度要求；
步骤八、再除铁：用湿式磁选机除去步骤七中的铁杂质；
步骤九、压滤：将步骤八中除铁质后的泥浆分装入压滤袋中，用压榨机挤压出多余水分；
步骤十、真空练泥：通过真空练泥设备将步骤九中得到的泥料经过真空练泥可以排除泥饼的残留空气，提高泥料的致密度和可塑性，并使泥料均匀，改善成型性能，提高干燥强度和成瓷机械强度；
步骤十一、压制成型：将步骤十中得到的泥料装入模具内，通过压机的柱塞施加外压力使泥料制成一定形状坯体；
步骤十二、干燥：利用窑炉余热使步骤十一得到的胚体干燥成型；
步骤十三、施釉：将釉浆倒入大木桶搅拌均匀，手持步骤十二得到的陶坯，在釉浆中滚动，蘸上釉浆；
步骤十四、烧制：将步骤十一中得到的胚体放入窑炉中进行高温烧制，得到耐碰撞的强化瓷器。
步骤六中球磨机的球磨时间设置在四十四小时至五十二小时，步骤七中过筛的目数设置在四百目数以上，步骤十四中窑炉的温度设置在一千二百摄氏度至一千四百摄氏度，且烧制时间设置在三小时至六小时，步骤十四中窑炉的保温温度设置在六百摄氏度至七百摄氏度，且保温时间设置在一小时至一点五小时。
需要说明的是，本发明为一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方及其生产工艺，首先，根据原料配方进厂后选用优质的原料，接着，除原料中软质黏土和粉料外将原料通过破碎设备粉碎加工成粗颗粒，并将破碎后原料通过筛选机筛选出超大的颗粒后，通过破碎设备继续粉碎，得到原料粉料，紧接着，用干式磁选机吸除铁杂或来自原矿及粉碎过程中机器磨耗而混入的铁屑，以提高成瓷的白度、透光度，减少斑点缺陷，随后，按照质量配比份数称取所需份数的原料中的瓷土、高岭土、石英粉、黏土、钾长石、钠石、烧滑石、白云石、碱石和生砂石以及强化剂中的纳米氧化锆、氧化镁、碳化硅晶须、玻璃水、聚乙烯纤维和颗粒碳化物，将原料和强化剂投入到球磨机的料筒中，并加入清洁水靠球磨筒中的卵石的撞击和磨擦，将泥料颗料继续磨细，球磨机的球磨时间设置在四十四小时至五十二小时，而后，将得到的料浆再次通过筛选设备过筛以达到细度要求，过筛的目数设置在四百目数以上，并用湿式磁选机除去筛选用料浆的铁杂质，然后，将除铁质后的泥浆分装入压滤袋中，用压榨机挤压出多余水分，因为经过压滤的所得的泥饼，组织是不均匀的，而且含有很多空气，组织不均匀的泥饼如果直接用于生产，就会造成坯体在干燥、烧成时的收缩不均匀而产生变形和裂纹，而过多的空气则是造成气泡、分层的直接原因，所以通过真空练泥设备将步骤九中得到的泥料经过真空练泥可以排除泥饼的残留空气，提高泥料的致密度和可塑性，并使泥料均匀，改善成型性能，提高干燥强度和成瓷机械强度，将得到的泥料装入模具内，通过压机的柱塞施加外压力使泥料制成一定形状坯体，利用窑炉余热使得到的胚体干燥成型，将釉浆倒入大木桶搅拌均匀，手持步骤十二得到的陶坯，在釉浆中滚动，蘸上釉浆，最后，将步骤十一中得到的胚体放入窑炉中进行高温烧制，得到耐碰撞的强化瓷器，窑炉的温度设置在一千二百摄氏度至一千四百摄氏度，且烧制时间设置在三小时至六小时，步骤十四中窑炉的保温温度设置在六百摄氏度至七百摄氏度，且保温时间设置在一小时至一点五小时；
通过在原有的瓷器原料的配方基础，通过加入纳米氧化锆、氧化镁、碳化硅晶须、玻璃水、聚乙烯纤维和颗粒碳化物为增韧剂的强化剂，能够改善陶瓷的脆性，增强陶瓷的韧性和强度，使陶瓷能显著提高冲击韧性和抗震性，降低陶瓷的脆性，且提高了材料的强度，同时，能够吸收陶瓷在生产过程中出现的应力，阻止微裂纹的进一步扩大以达到强化陶瓷韧性的目的，同时，通过等十四个生产工艺步骤制备得到的瓷器，可大大提高瓷器的强度，从而使得瓷器在使用时具备高强度的韧性，进而达到提高瓷器的耐碰撞性能的目的。
综上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，然而在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方，包括原料和强化剂，其特征在于：所述原料包括瓷土、高岭土、石英粉、黏土、钾长石、钠石、烧滑石、白云石、碱石和生砂石，所述强化剂包括纳米氧化锆、氧化镁、碳化硅晶须、玻璃水、聚乙烯纤维和颗粒碳化物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方，其特征在于：所述原料中瓷土的质量配比份数为三十份至四十份，高岭土的质量配比份数为十份至十五份，石英粉的质量配比份数为十二份至十八份，黏土的质量配比份数为十五份至三十份，钾长石的质量配比份数为七份至十二份，钠石的质量配比份数为四份至九份，烧滑石的质量配比份数为十一份至十七份，白云石的质量配比份数为十份至十四份，碱石的质量配比份数为九份至十四份，生砂石的质量配比份数为五份至九份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方，其特征在于：所述强化剂中纳米氧化锆的质量配比份数为十份至二十份，氧化镁的质量配比份数为六份至十二份，碳化硅晶须的质量配比份数为九份至十六份，玻璃水的质量配比份数为四份至八份，聚乙烯纤维的质量配比份数为八份至十七份，颗粒碳化物的质量配比份数为十二份至十九份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方的生产工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、选料：进厂后选用优质的原料；
步骤二、粉碎：除原料中软质黏土和粉料外将原料通过破碎设备粉碎加工成粗颗粒；
步骤三、过筛：将破碎后原料通过筛选机筛选出超大的颗粒后，通过破碎设备继续粉碎，得到原料粉料；
步骤四、除铁：用干式磁选机吸除铁杂或来自原矿及粉碎过程中机器磨耗而混入的铁屑，以提高成瓷的白度、透光度，减少斑点缺陷；
步骤五、配料：按照质量配比份数称取所需份数的原料和强化剂；
步骤六、湿球磨：将步骤五中的原料和强化剂投入到球磨机的料筒中，并加入清洁水靠球磨筒中的卵石的撞击和磨擦，将泥料颗料继续磨细；
步骤七、再过筛：将步骤六中得到的料浆再次通过筛选设备过筛以达到细度要求；
步骤八、再除铁：用湿式磁选机除去步骤七中的铁杂质；
步骤九、压滤：将步骤八中除铁质后的泥浆分装入压滤袋中，用压榨机挤压出多余水分；
步骤十、真空练泥：通过真空练泥设备将步骤九中得到的泥料经过真空练泥可以排除泥饼的残留空气，提高泥料的致密度和可塑性，并使泥料均匀，改善成型性能，提高干燥强度和成瓷机械强度；
步骤十一、压制成型：将步骤十中得到的泥料装入模具内，通过压机的柱塞施加外压力使泥料制成一定形状坯体；
步骤十二、干燥：利用窑炉余热使步骤十一得到的胚体干燥成型；
步骤十三、施釉：将釉浆倒入大木桶搅拌均匀，手持步骤十二得到的陶坯，在釉浆中滚动，蘸上釉浆；
步骤十四、烧制：将步骤十一中得到的胚体放入窑炉中进行高温烧制，得到耐碰撞的强化瓷器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤六中球磨机的球磨时间设置在四十四小时至五十二小时。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤七中过筛的目数设置在四百目数以上。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤十四中窑炉的温度设置在一千二百摄氏度至一千四百摄氏度，且烧制时间设置在三小时至六小时。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种耐碰撞的强化瓷配方的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤十四中窑炉的保温温度设置在六百摄氏度至七百摄氏度，且保温时间设置在一小时至一点五小时。
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