CN116656112B - 一种lng绝热用高阻燃闭孔软泡板及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种lng绝热用高阻燃闭孔软泡板及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种LNG绝热用高阻燃闭孔软泡板及制备方法,采用双组份聚脲树脂、气凝胶颗粒、膨胀石墨粉、有机阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂;首先取预定组分的聚脲树脂A组份,有机阻燃剂,气凝胶颗粒,无机阻燃剂,膨胀石墨粉进行混合,再将聚脲树脂B组份加入混合物料中;采用样板模具,进行成形,开模,脱模,得到高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板。本发明得到的产品阻燃性能好,保温绝热性能强;阻燃性能好,优化了制备过程,使得制备工艺简化,降低了生产成本,并适合大面积的聚氨酯闭孔软泡板批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化工保温绝热技术领域,尤其涉及一种LNG绝热用高阻燃闭孔软泡板及制备方法。
背景技术
目前在我国的化工产业中,所用的保温材料,一般为陶瓷保温涂料、岩棉管、聚乙烯保温材料、硅酸盐复合保温型材料、硅酸铝保温材料、高温玻璃棉保温材料、硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料、橡塑海绵、岩棉保温毡等几种。上述材料均在性能和制备工艺上各有优缺点,均有提升的空间。
聚氨酯(PUR)是指在分子主链上含有较多氨基甲酸酯基团特征结构的一大类聚合物,是一种介于塑料和橡胶之间的高分子材料,它的伸长率大、硬度范围宽,配方调整范围大,具有优异的耐磨性和力学性能。而浇注型聚氨酯弹性体(CPUR),是聚氨酯弹性体三大加工类型中最重要的一种,其用量占PUR量的60% ,它具有化学结构多元化、粘度易调整,加工工艺优良、易投入工业化生产、使用方便和固化快等优点,因此非常适合于制作大型复杂构件。但目前聚氨酯板存在阻燃性能差、耐腐蚀性不够、制备工艺复杂等问题,尤其是针对化工管道或者大型的LNG超低温液罐,由于制备工艺复杂造成成本较高,且难以实现大面积连续生产,导致大型件在保温过程中容易造成局部应力较高,出现裂纹,损害了保温绝热效果。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种用于一种LNG绝热用的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板及制备方法。
本发明完整的技术方案包括:
一种高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)组分设计:采用双组份聚脲树脂、气凝胶颗粒、膨胀石墨粉、有机阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂;所述的双组份聚脲树脂包括聚脲树脂A组份和聚脲树脂B组份,所述A组份与B组份两者相互反应生成高分子聚合物聚脲;
(2)取预定组分的聚脲树脂A组份,有机阻燃剂,气凝胶颗粒,无机阻燃剂,膨胀石墨粉进行混合。
(3)将聚脲树脂B组份加入混合物料中;
(4)采用样板模具,所述样板模具结构包括作为底板的木板,木板外侧设有钢或铁材质的模框,模具底板上铺设有无纺布,且混合物料在成形过程中,由无纺布将物料和底板之间隔开,物料上方设有带有加强筋的顶板模板,物料成形过程中和顶板之间设有防护膜;
在该步骤成形过程中,首先在样板模具内的底板模板上提前铺设无纺布,然后将最终混合料倒入模具内,覆盖上防护膜以后采用顶板进行封盖,随后在顶板上增加配重以平衡成型过程中的内部应力。
(5)开模,脱模,即得成品的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板。
进一步的,所述有机阻燃剂为TCPP。
进一步的,所述无机阻燃剂为APP。
进一步的,步骤(2)中的组分为,聚脲树脂A组份:60%,有机阻燃剂TCPP:10%,气凝胶颗粒:10%,无机阻燃剂:10%,膨胀石墨粉:10%。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中聚脲树脂A组份与步骤(3)中聚脲树脂B组份的质量比为3/1。
进一步的,所述膨胀石墨粒径为80目,膨胀倍率为300倍。
进一步的,所述气凝胶颗粒为三维网状纳米结构的二氧化硅材料,常温下导热系数0.012-0.015W/(m·K)。孔隙率为99.8%,比表面积为800~1500m3/g,孔径为10~50nm,密度为70-200kg/m3,憎水率为99.9%。
利用所述的方法制备的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板。
利用所述的聚氨酯闭孔软泡板对化工管道进行保温绝热的方法。
利用所述的聚氨酯闭孔软泡板对LNG超低温液罐进行保温绝热的方法,首先在液罐外部喷涂聚氨酯硬泡后作为绝热层,随后在聚氨酯硬泡表面应力释放部位切预制泡沫槽,在泡沫槽处放置聚氨酯预制泡沫条,并固定粘贴玻璃钢预制件,该聚氨酯预制泡沫条由所述的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板切割得到。
本发明相对于现有技术的优点为:
本发明公布了高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板的制备方法,并通过合理的组分设计,使得最终的产品阻燃性能好,保温绝热性能强;并且通过优化的样板模具设计,优化了制备过程,使得制备工艺简化,降低了生产成本,并适合大面积的聚氨酯闭孔软泡板批量生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明的样板模具结构示意图。
图2为本发明的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板成型过程示意图。
图3为本发明得到高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板实物图。
图4为利用本发明的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板对对LNG超低温液罐进行保温绝热的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图,对本申请的实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施方式仅仅是作为例示,并非用于限制本申请。
本发明所公开的一种高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板及制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)组分设计:本发明的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板,采用双组份聚脲树脂、气凝胶颗粒、膨胀石墨粉、TCPP、APP;
采用的双组份聚脲树脂包括聚脲树脂A组份和聚脲树脂B组份。所述A组份与B组份两者相互反应生成高分子聚合物聚脲。本发明所用的膨胀石墨规格型号为:80-99-300。粒径80目,含量99%,膨胀倍率300倍。膨胀石墨粉遇高温会吸热膨胀,降低燃烧点,阻滞燃烧。本发明所用的气凝胶颗粒为三维网状纳米结构的二氧化硅材料,常温下导热系数0.012-0.015W/(m·K)。孔隙率达到99.8%,比表面积大约800~1500m3/g,孔径在10~50nm,密度70-200kg/m3,由于其所具有超细蜂窝孔尺寸和多孔结构,远低于空气的自由程70nm,空气在其孔洞里几乎无法进行热传递,因此能达到良好的绝热效果,并且其具备无机材料自有的不燃性,达到国标GB8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》的A级不燃标准。憎水率高达99.9%,能有效防水防潮防渗漏,并且具备超疏水性,最高使用温度210℃。不仅隔热性能非常好,而且重量轻,隔音性能好。本发明所用的APP为木材阻燃剂聚磷酸铵。TCPP为磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯。
(2)取聚脲树脂A组份=60%,有机阻燃剂TCPP=10%,气凝胶颗粒=10%,无机阻燃剂=10%,膨胀石墨粉=10%进行混合。
(3)将聚脲树脂B组份加入混合物料中,A组份与聚脲树脂B组份的质量比为3/1。
(4)采用样板模具,所述样板模具结构如图1所示,包括作为底板的木板,木板外侧设有钢或铁材质的模框,模具底板上铺设有无纺布,且混合物料在成形过程中,由无纺布将物料和底板之间隔开,物料上方设有带有加强筋的顶板模板,物料成形过程中和顶板之间设有防护膜。
在该步骤成形过程中,首先在样板模具内的底板模板上提前铺设无纺布,然后将最终混合料倒入模具内,覆盖上防护膜以后采用顶板进行封盖,随后在顶板上增加配重以平衡成型过程中的内部应力,使获得的聚氨酯闭孔软泡板尽可能的平整,整个过程如图2a-c所示。
(5)开模,脱模,即得成品的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板,其样品如图3a-c所示。
本发明同时公开了一种利用所述的聚氨酯闭孔软泡板对LNG超低温液罐进行保温绝热的方法,首先对前面得到的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板进行切割得到聚氨酯预制泡沫条,随后在液罐外部喷涂聚氨酯硬泡后作为绝热层。此外,由于液罐外部包覆的聚氨酯硬泡绝热层后容易出现绝热层开裂及外部防水防护层开裂的问题,因而在聚氨酯硬泡表面应力释放部位切预制泡沫槽,在泡沫槽处放置聚氨酯预制泡沫条,并固定粘贴玻璃钢预制件,该聚氨酯预制泡沫条由本发明前面所述的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板切割得到,由于聚氨酯闭孔软泡板为柔性材料,能够有效缓释聚氨酯硬泡造成的内应力问题,避免其出现裂纹,并且由于聚氨酯闭孔软泡板的柔性特性,可以很充分的填满泡沫槽,进一步提高了保温绝热性能。综合考虑液罐各处的形状、热膨胀应力问题,在预制泡沫槽的位置选择上,如图4所示,选择设置靠近两侧罐头部1位置处的第一环形预制泡沫槽3、位于罐身2两侧的第二环形预制泡沫槽4和第三环形预制泡沫槽5,以及位于罐身中央处的第四环形预制泡沫槽6,罐身另一侧,相对第四环形预制泡沫槽同样对称设置有第一、第二、第三环形预制泡沫槽。还包括环绕罐身的第一水平预制泡沫槽;其中第一环形预制泡沫槽靠近罐身和罐头的连接处,该处位置由于截面变化,处于应力集中区域,但在实际过程中发现,并不能直接在罐身和罐头的连接面上开设预制泡沫槽,因为切割会导致该处的强度下降,硬聚氨酯泡材料容易破裂,因此选择偏离该连接面一段距离,如图4所示,由于LNG有不同的规格,因此为方便操作,有必要针对不同尺寸规格的LNG进行统一规定,经过计算和分析,大体上按如下方式选择,即:, L为第一环形预制泡沫槽距离连接面的距离,R为连接面处的曲率半径,k为系数,取值范围为0.1~0.12,上述方式会使得兼顾强度和应力释放效果,为现场操作施工提供了很好的规范。
以上申请的仅为本申请的一些实施方式。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变型和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)组分设计:采用双组份聚脲树脂、气凝胶颗粒、膨胀石墨粉、有机阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂;
(2)取预定组分的聚脲树脂A组份,有机阻燃剂,气凝胶颗粒,无机阻燃剂,膨胀石墨粉进行混合;预定组分为,聚脲树脂A组份:60%,有机阻燃剂TCPP:10%,气凝胶颗粒:10%,无机阻燃剂:10%,膨胀石墨粉:10%;所述气凝胶颗粒为三维网状纳米结构的二氧化硅材料;
(3)将聚脲树脂B组份加入混合物料中;聚脲树脂A组份与聚脲树脂B组份的质量比为3/1,所述A组份与B组份两者相互反应生成高分子聚合物聚脲;
(4)采用样板模具,所述样板模具结构包括作为底板的木板,木板外侧设有钢或铁材质的模框,模具底板上铺设有无纺布,且混合物料在成形过程中,由无纺布将物料和底板之间隔开,物料上方设有带有加强筋的顶板模板,物料成形过程中和顶板之间设有防护膜;
在该步骤成形过程中,首先在样板模具内的底板模板上提前铺设无纺布,然后将最终混合料倒入模具内,覆盖上防护膜以后采用顶板进行封盖,随后在顶板上增加配重以平衡成型过程中的内部应力;
(5)开模,脱模,即得成品的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机阻燃剂为TCPP。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无机阻燃剂为APP。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述膨胀石墨粒径为80目,膨胀倍率为300倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二氧化硅材料常温下导热系数0.012-0.015W/(m·K),孔隙率为99.8%,比表面积为800~1500m3/g,孔径为10~50nm,密度为70-200kg/m3,憎水率为99.9%。
6.利用权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法制备的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板。
7.利用权利要求6所述的聚氨酯闭孔软泡板对化工管道进行保温绝热的方法,其特征在于,首先在液罐外部喷涂聚氨酯硬泡后作为绝热层,随后在聚氨酯硬泡表面应力释放部位切预制泡沫槽,在泡沫槽处放置聚氨酯预制泡沫条,并固定粘贴玻璃钢预制件,该聚氨酯预制泡沫条由权利要求6所述的高阻燃聚氨酯闭孔软泡板切割得到。
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