CN115812503A - Method for reducing Chinese rose flower deformity - Google Patents
Method for reducing Chinese rose flower deformity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing the deformity of Chinese rose flowers, belonging to the technical field of Chinese rose flower planting, and the method for reducing the deformity of the Chinese rose flowers comprises the following steps: (1) applying a nitrogen fertilizer in the middle of 2 months; (2) adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5; (3) Applying a compound fertilizer before the germination of the bud points of the spring Chinese rose; (4) carrying out bud thinning when the diameter of the main bud of the Chinese rose reaches 1 cm; (5) Spraying the imidacloprid diluent every 20 days from the middle ten days of 4 months; (6) Spraying the accelerant to the Chinese rose beginning in the middle of 5 months, and spraying once every 20 days until the spraying is stopped in the middle of 9 months. Solves the problems that the rose flowers are deformed and the ornamental value and the commercial value of the rose are reduced due to low cytokinin content and uneven cytokinin distribution of the rose in a high-temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese rose planting, in particular to a method for reducing Chinese rose flower deformity.
Background
China rose (Day-China plant) is a semi-evergreen woody plant of Rosa of Rosaceae, is one of the four cut flowers in the world due to its rich and plump flower type, colorful and splendid color and luster and strong and sweet fragrance, and has extremely high ornamental value and economic value.
The Chinese rose is a neutral plant, is controlled by the development state of the Chinese rose, and can bloom in four seasons at a proper temperature. The quality of the Chinese rose depends on the flower type, flower color and flower fragrance of the Chinese rose, however, the improper growing environment can cause abnormal growth of Chinese rose plants, which causes flower malformation, causes physiological diseases of the Chinese rose, and seriously affects the ornamental quality and commodity value of the Chinese rose. The leaf-change disease is a manifestation form of abnormal flowers of Chinese roses, and can be divided into 2 types according to phenomena: one is the 'flower leaves changing' that the flower organs such as petals, sepals, stamens, pistils and the like are completely replaced by structures similar to leaves containing chlorophyll and air holes, and the other is the 'flower leaves changing' that the petals are normal, but the stamens and the pistils are lost, and the petals are replaced by twigs with leaves and flowers. The factors causing the leaves of the Chinese rose flowers are various and comprise temperature, moisture, plant diseases and insect pests, and the like, wherein the temperature is a factor which has a large influence, and when the Chinese rose is in a high-temperature environment for a long time, the high temperature causes uneven distribution and content reduction of cytokinin in plants, so that the leaves are changed. The cytokinin content in pistils of plants exhibiting a defoliation disease is reduced by more than 80% compared to normal plants. At present, the prior art often adopts a mode of spraying cytokinin to prevent the defoliation, but the quantity of the cytokinin is difficult to control in the actual operation process, and when the spraying quantity of the cytokinin is too high, high-level cytokinin can cause the density of air holes of the leaves to increase, so that the air holes become small, the length of the air holes is shortened, the size of flowers can be reduced, the germination rate of the flowers is reduced, and the like.
Therefore, a method for reducing the deformity of the Chinese rose flowers is urgently needed at present, and the problems that the Chinese rose flowers are deformed due to uneven distribution and reduced content of cytokinins in Chinese rose plants under a high-temperature environment, and the ornamental value and the commercial value of the Chinese rose flowers are reduced are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for reducing the deformity of a rose flower, which solves the problem of reduced ornamental value and commercial value of the rose flower due to the malformation of the rose flower caused by uneven distribution and reduced content of cytokinins in the rose plant body under a high temperature environment.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
a method of reducing malformation of a rose flower, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5;
(2) Applying a nitrogen fertilizer in the middle ten days of 2 months;
(3) Applying a compound fertilizer before the germination of the spring Chinese rose buds;
(4) Carrying out bud thinning when the diameter of the main bud of the Chinese rose reaches 1 cm;
(5) Spraying the imidacloprid diluent every 20 days from the middle ten days of 4 months;
(6) Spraying the accelerant to the Chinese rose beginning in the middle of 5 months, and spraying once every 20 days until the spraying is stopped in the middle of 9 months.
Further, the method for adjusting the pH value of the soil in the step (1) comprises the following steps: when the pH value of the soil is higher than 6.5, applying ferrous sulfate to reduce the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5; when the pH value of the soil is lower than 5.5, quicklime is applied to the soil to increase the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5.
Further, the specific operation of applying the ferrous sulfate is as follows: adding ferrous sulfate into water to prepare a ferrous sulfate solution with the weight percent of 0.5, then uniformly spraying the ferrous sulfate solution on the surfaces of the Chinese rose plants according to the amount of 500-2000g per plant, spraying clear water with the weight 2 times that of the ferrous sulfate solution on the surfaces of the Chinese rose plants after the spraying of the ferrous sulfate solution is finished, detecting the pH value of the soil after 2 days, and repeating the operation until the pH value of the soil is reduced to 5.5-6.5.
The rose is used as an acid-loving plant, the optimum growth pH is 5.5-6.5, ferrous sulfate is sprayed on the leaves of the rose as a foliar fertilizer, the good growth of the rose can be promoted, the flower color of the rose is more bright, and a ferrous sulfate solution is sprayed on the surfaces of the rose, the rose leaves can absorb the ferrous sulfate more easily to promote the growth of the rose, but because the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution for regulating the soil is too high, black spots can be generated on the surfaces of the rose leaves, and the rose leaves can be yellowed and fall off seriously, so the ferrous sulfate solution is sprayed on the surfaces of the rose by clean water, the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution on the leaves is diluted, most of the ferrous sulfate flows into the soil to regulate the pH of the soil, and a small part of the ferrous sulfate remains on the leaves to promote the growth of the rose.
Further, the quicklime application is specifically performed as follows: evenly spraying quicklime into the soil according to the amount of 10-15 kg/mu, then spraying clear water to fully wet the surface of the soil, measuring the pH value of the soil after 3 days, and repeating the operation until the pH value of the soil is increased to 5.5-6.5.
Although the Chinese roses are suitable for growing in the subacid soil, when the soil is too acid, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil can be reduced, the growth and the activity of the beneficial microorganisms are inhibited, the decomposition of soil organic matters and the circulation of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in the soil are influenced, the breeding of germs is caused, root diseases are increased, and the growth of the Chinese roses is adversely affected.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is prepared from calcium nitrate and ammonium bicarbonate according to a weight ratio of 1:4, and mixing the components in a ratio of 4.
Nitrate nitrogen can promote cytokinin to be synthesized in a plant body and improve the activity and the transportation rate of the cytokinin, but the nitrate nitrogen easily runs off along with water in soil, so that the utilization rate is low; the ammonium nitrogen is not easy to run off after being applied into soil, but the ammonium nitrogen alone can inhibit the synthesis amount of the cytokinin of the roots of the plants and the upward transportation rate of the cytokinin of the roots; when the ammonium nitrogen and the nitrate nitrogen are mixed and applied, the synthesis amount, the activity and the transportation rate of cytokinin of the roots of the Chinese rose plants can be improved, and the nitrogen absorption rate of the Chinese rose can be improved.
Further, the specific operation of applying the nitrogen fertilizer is as follows:
adding water into a nitrogen fertilizer to prepare a nitrogen fertilizer solution with the weight percent of 0.3; digging a ditch with the depth of 10-20cm along the drip line of the Chinese rose, uniformly applying the nitrogen fertilizer solution into the ditch according to the amount of 300-500 g/plant, and covering with soil after the application is finished.
Further, the concrete operation of bud thinning in the step (4) is as follows: when the diameter of the main bud of the Chinese rose reaches 1cm, the lower branch of the bud is pinched by one hand, and the redundant bud is pinched by the nail of the other hand, so that the main bud and the maximum auxiliary bud are reserved.
Further, the specific operation of spraying the imidacloprid in the step (5) is as follows:
taking 10% of pyrazoline wettable powder, adding 2000 times of clear water by weight to prepare pyrazoline diluent, and then spraying the pyrazoline wettable powder on the surfaces of Chinese rose plants according to the amount of 25-100 g/plant.
Further, the accelerant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-3 parts of magnesium acrylate, 1-3 parts of D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 3-5 parts of copper acetylacetonate, 5-7 parts of phenyl diammonium carbonate and 3-5 parts of nitroethane.
Further, the preparation method of the accelerant is as follows:
A. adding magnesium acrylate into water, stirring, heating in water bath at 60-80 deg.C for 5-10min, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12 hr to obtain magnesium acrylate solution;
B. adding cold water of 2-15 ℃ into nitroethane, stirring for 3-5min, then adding ethanol, uniformly mixing to obtain a nitroethane solution, and storing at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
C. adding carbon tetrachloride into copper acetylacetonate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing at normal temperature for 3-5h to obtain copper acetylacetonate solution for later use;
D. d-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride and phenylcarbonyl diammonium are uniformly mixed, added with water, uniformly stirred and mixed, heated in a water bath at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ for 3-8min, cooled to room temperature, added with a magnesium acrylate solution, a nitroethane solution and a copper acetylacetonate solution, and uniformly mixed to obtain the accelerator.
Further, the spraying amount of the accelerating agent is 50-250g per plant.
When the Chinese rose plants are in a high-temperature environment for a long time, the content of cytokinin in the plants is reduced, the upward transport rate of the cytokinin is reduced, so that the cytokinin is unevenly distributed, the Chinese rose defoliation disease (abnormal flower) is caused, and the incidence rate of the abnormal flower can be reduced by improving the content of cytokinin in the Chinese rose plants and regulating the distribution of the cytokinin in the Chinese rose plants in the high-temperature environment;
the synthesis of cytokinin in a plant body has two paths, namely tRNA decomposition and de-novo synthesis, wherein de-novo synthesis is a main path, in the de-novo synthesis path, mevalonic acid generates isopentenyl adenine under the action of a series of enzymes, and the isopentenyl adenine is converted into a combined form of cytokinin in a mode of O-glycosylation and the like;
the cytokinin content in the Chinese rose can be improved by spraying the accelerant to the Chinese rose in a high-temperature weather environment, because the magnesium acrylate in the accelerant enters a Chinese rose plant body to act on pyruvate kinase, so that the activity of the pyruvate kinase is improved, the pyruvate kinase with the enhanced activity can promote the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl coenzyme A, and the acetyl coenzyme A can be converted into 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A in the plant body; furthermore, D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride in the accelerant acts on HMG-CoA reductase in the Chinese rose plant body to improve the activity of the HMG-CoA reductase, the HMG-CoA reductase can promote generated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A to generate mevalonic acid, the mevalonic acid can generate isopentenyl adenine (ip) in the plant body through a series of reactions, and the isopentenyl adenine (ip) is converted into a combined cytokinin in the plant body through modes of O-glycosylation and the like, so that the content of the cytokinin in the Chinese rose plant body is improved; although the content of the cytokinin is increased, the O-glycosylated cytokinin has no activity and thus cannot exert its effect well, so that further treatment of the promoter is required to solve the problem that the O-glycosylated cytokinin has no activity;
the copper acetylacetonate in the promoter enters the plant body and acts on the O-glycosylated cytokinin together with beta-glucoronidase in the plant body to break the glycosidic bond in the O-glycosylated cytokinin so as to convert the O-glycosylated cytokinin into active cytokinin, thereby improving the activity of the generated cytokinin; but the active cytokinin is easy to be oxidized and decomposed under the action of cytokinin dehydrogenase, so that the synthesized cytokinin is decomposed to reduce the content again, therefore, phenylcarbonyl diammonium is added into the promoter, enters the plant body and acts on the cytokinin dehydrogenase to reduce the activity of the cytokinin dehydrogenase, thereby inhibiting the decomposition effect of the cytokinin dehydrogenase on the cytokinin and maintaining the higher-level cytokinin content synthesized in the rose body;
nitrate nitrogen is more capable of promoting cytokinin synthesis in plants than ammonium nitrogen, and increases cytokinin activity and the upward transport rate of cytokinins synthesized in roots, and thus it is required to transform ammonium nitrogen absorbed by roses to increase cytokinin synthesis and activity in the roses. Nitroethane in the accelerant enters the plant body and is combined with ammonium nitrogen in the plant body to be converted into nitrate nitrogen, so that the synthesis of cytokinin is promoted, the activity of the cytokinin is improved, the upward transportation rate of the cytokinin synthesized at the root is promoted, more cytokinin mainly synthesized at the root is transported to other parts of the Chinese rose plant, and the cytokinin is uniformly distributed in the Chinese rose body; the synergistic effect of the substances in the accelerant solves the problems that the content of cytokinin in the Chinese rose is reduced in a high-temperature environment, the upward transport rate of the cytokinin is reduced, so that the cytokinin is unevenly distributed, and the Chinese rose is deformed.
Has the advantages that:
according to the method for reducing the Chinese rose flower malformation, the Chinese rose plants are managed and sprayed with the accelerant, so that the content of cytokinins in the Chinese rose plants in a high-temperature environment is increased, the upward transportation rate of the cytokinins generated at the roots of the Chinese roses is increased, the cytokinins are uniformly distributed, the occurrence rate of the Chinese rose flower malformation is reduced, and the ornamental value and the commercial value of the Chinese rose flowers are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the picture of the growth condition of the Chinese rose in 7 months sprayed with the accelerant;
FIG. 2: the picture of the growth condition of the Chinese rose 8 months sprayed with the accelerant.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the attached drawings:
example 1: preparation of accelerator 1
50g of magnesium acrylate, 50g of D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 150g of copper acetylacetonate, 250g of phenylcarbonyl diammonium and 150g of nitroethane are weighed respectively.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. adding magnesium acrylate into 2.5kg of water, stirring uniformly, heating in water bath at 60 ℃ for 5min, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12h to obtain a magnesium acrylate solution for later use;
B. adding 7.5kg of 2 ℃ cold water into nitroethane, stirring for 3min, then adding 750g of ethanol, uniformly mixing to obtain nitroethane solution, and placing the nitroethane solution into a refrigerator to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
C. adding 450g of carbon tetrachloride into copper acetylacetonate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 3 hours at normal temperature to obtain a copper acetylacetonate solution for later use;
D. d-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride and phenylcarbonyl diammonium are uniformly mixed, 15kg of water is added for stirring and mixing uniformly, water bath heating is carried out at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 3min, magnesium acrylate solution, nitroethane solution and copper acetylacetonate solution are added after cooling to the room temperature, and the accelerator is obtained after uniform mixing.
Example 2: preparation of Accelerator II
100g of magnesium acrylate, 100g of D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 200g of copper acetylacetonate, 300g of phenylcarbonyl diammonium and 200g of nitroethane are weighed.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. adding magnesium acrylate into 5kg of water, stirring uniformly, heating in a water bath at 70 ℃ for 8min, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12h to obtain a magnesium acrylate solution for later use;
B. adding 10kg of 9 ℃ cold water into nitroethane, stirring for 4min, then adding 1kg of ethanol, uniformly mixing to obtain a nitroethane solution, and placing the nitroethane solution into a refrigerator to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
C. adding 600g of carbon tetrachloride into copper acetylacetonate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 4 hours at normal temperature to obtain a copper acetylacetonate solution for later use;
D. d-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride and phenylcarbonyl diammonium are uniformly mixed, 20kg of water is added for stirring and mixing uniformly, water bath heating is carried out at 50 ℃ for 5min, magnesium acrylate solution, nitroethane solution and copper acetylacetonate solution are added after cooling to room temperature, and the accelerator is obtained after uniform mixing.
Example 3: preparation of Accelerator III
150g of magnesium acrylate, 150g of D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 250g of copper acetylacetonate, 350g of phenylcarbonyl diammonium and 250g of nitroethane are weighed.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. adding magnesium acrylate into 7.5kg of water, stirring uniformly, heating in water bath at 80 ℃ for 10min, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12h to obtain a magnesium acrylate solution for later use;
B. adding 12.5kg of 15 ℃ cold water into nitroethane, stirring for 5min, then adding 1.25kg of ethanol, uniformly mixing to obtain a nitroethane solution, and placing the nitroethane solution into a refrigerator to store at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
C. adding 750g of carbon tetrachloride into copper acetylacetonate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 5 hours at normal temperature to obtain a copper acetylacetonate solution for later use;
D. d-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride and phenylcarbonyl diammonium are uniformly mixed, 25kg of water is added for stirring and mixing uniformly, the mixture is heated in a water bath at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 8min, and magnesium acrylate solution, nitroethane solution and copper acetylacetonate solution are added after the mixture is cooled to the room temperature and are uniformly mixed to obtain the accelerant.
Comparative example 1: preparation of accelerators
In contrast to example 1, except that the accelerator was prepared without addition of the magnesium acrylate solution.
50g of D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 150g of copper acetylacetonate, 250g of phenylcarbimide and 150g of nitroethane are weighed respectively.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. adding 7.5kg of 2 ℃ cold water into nitroethane, stirring for 3min, then adding 750g of ethanol, uniformly mixing to obtain nitroethane solution, and placing the nitroethane solution into a refrigerator to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
B. adding 450g of carbon tetrachloride into copper acetylacetonate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 3 hours at normal temperature to obtain a copper acetylacetonate solution for later use;
C. d-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride and phenylcarbonyl diammonium are uniformly mixed, 15kg of water is added for stirring and mixing uniformly, water bath heating is carried out at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 3min, nitroethane solution and copper acetylacetonate solution are added after cooling to the room temperature, and the accelerator is obtained after uniform mixing.
Comparative example 2: preparation of accelerators
In contrast to example 1, except that the accelerator was prepared without addition of the ethyl-D-tyrosine hydrochloride.
50g of magnesium acrylate, 150g of copper acetylacetonate, 250g of phenylcarbidiammonium and 150g of nitroethane are weighed respectively.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. adding magnesium acrylate into 2.5kg of water, stirring uniformly, heating in water bath at 60 ℃ for 5min, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12h to obtain a magnesium acrylate solution for later use;
B. adding 7.5kg of 2 ℃ cold water into nitroethane, stirring for 3min, then adding 750g of ethanol, uniformly mixing to obtain nitroethane solution, and placing the nitroethane solution into a refrigerator to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
C. adding 450g of carbon tetrachloride into copper acetylacetonate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 3 hours at normal temperature to obtain a copper acetylacetonate solution for later use;
D. uniformly mixing phenylcarbamido diammonium, adding 12.5kg of water, stirring and uniformly mixing, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃ for 3min, cooling to room temperature, adding a magnesium acrylate solution, a nitroethane solution and a copper acetylacetonate solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain the accelerator.
Comparative example 3: preparation of accelerators
In contrast to example 1, except that no copper acetylacetonate was added to the accelerator preparation.
50g of magnesium acrylate, 50g of D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 250g of phenylcarbonyl diammonium and 150g of nitroethane are weighed respectively.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. adding magnesium acrylate into 2.5kg of water, stirring uniformly, heating in water bath at 60 ℃ for 5min, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12h to obtain a magnesium acrylate solution for later use;
B. adding 7.5kg of 2 ℃ cold water into nitroethane, stirring for 3min, then adding 750g of ethanol, uniformly mixing to obtain nitroethane solution, and placing the nitroethane solution into a refrigerator to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
C. d-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride and phenyl carbonyl diammonium are uniformly mixed, then 15kg of water is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred and mixed, the mixture is heated in a water bath at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 3min, and magnesium acrylate solution and nitroethane solution are added after the mixture is cooled to the room temperature, and the accelerator is obtained after the mixture is uniformly mixed.
Comparative example 4: preparation of accelerators
In contrast to example 1, with the only difference that no phenylcarbidiumyl is added during the accelerator preparation.
50g of magnesium acrylate, 50g of D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 150g of copper acetylacetonate and 150g of nitroethane are weighed.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. adding magnesium acrylate into 2.5kg of water, stirring uniformly, heating in water bath at 60 ℃ for 5min, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12h to obtain a magnesium acrylate solution for later use;
B. adding 7.5kg of 2 ℃ cold water into nitroethane, stirring for 3min, then adding 750g of ethanol, uniformly mixing to obtain nitroethane solution, and placing the nitroethane solution into a refrigerator to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
C. adding 450g of carbon tetrachloride into copper acetylacetonate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 3 hours at normal temperature to obtain a copper acetylacetonate solution for later use;
D. adding 2.5kg of water into D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, stirring and mixing uniformly, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃ for 3min, cooling to room temperature, adding a magnesium acrylate solution, a nitroethane solution and a copper acetylacetonate solution, and mixing uniformly to obtain the accelerator.
Comparative example 5: preparation of accelerators
In contrast to example 1, except that the accelerator was prepared without addition of a nitroethane solution.
50g of magnesium acrylate, 50g of D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 150g of copper acetylacetonate and 250g of phenylcarbonyl diammonium were weighed.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. adding magnesium acrylate into 2.5kg of water, stirring uniformly, heating in water bath at 60 ℃ for 5min, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12h to obtain a magnesium acrylate solution for later use;
B. adding 450g of carbon tetrachloride into copper acetylacetonate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing for 3 hours at normal temperature to obtain a copper acetylacetonate solution for later use;
C. d-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride and phenylcarbonyl diammonium are uniformly mixed, 15kg of water is added for stirring and mixing uniformly, water bath heating is carried out at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 3min, magnesium acrylate solution and copper acetylacetonate solution are added after cooling to the room temperature, and the accelerator is obtained after uniform mixing.
Example 4: method for reducing malformation of rose flowers example 4 the accelerating agent prepared in example 1 was selected.
The pH of the soil was measured and the pH of the soil was measured to be 7.2, whereupon a ferrous sulfate solution was prepared to lower the pH of the soil.
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the soil, and specifically operating as follows:
dissolving 500g of ferrous sulfate in water to prepare a 0.5wt% ferrous sulfate solution, then spraying the ferrous sulfate solution on the surfaces of the Chinese rose plants according to the amount of 500 g/plant, spraying clear water on the surfaces of the Chinese rose plants according to the amount of 1000 g/plant after the spraying is finished, detecting the pH value of the soil to be 6.8 after 2 days, and detecting the pH value of the soil to be 6.2 after repeating the operation twice;
(2) Applying a nitrogen fertilizer in the middle of 2 months, and specifically operating as follows:
weighing 500g of calcium nitrate and 2kg of ammonium bicarbonate, mixing to obtain a nitrogen fertilizer, and adding water into the nitrogen fertilizer to prepare a 0.3wt% nitrogen fertilizer solution; digging a ditch with the depth of 15cm along the drip line of the Chinese rose, uniformly applying a nitrogen fertilizer solution into the ditch according to the amount of 400 g/plant, and covering with soil after the application is finished;
(3) Before the spring Chinese rose bud begins to germinate, mixing the compound fertilizer and water purchased from the market according to the ratio of 1:100, preparing a water-soluble fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the composite water-soluble fertilizer in the root soil of the Chinese rose plants according to the amount of 300g per plant;
(4) Bud thinning is carried out when the diameter of the main bud of the Chinese rose reaches 1cm, and the specific operation is as follows:
when the diameter of the main bud of the Chinese rose reaches 1cm, pinching the lower branch of the bud with one hand, and removing the redundant bud with the nail of the other hand, so as to keep the main bud and the maximum auxiliary bud;
(5) Spraying the imidacloprid diluent every 20 days from the middle ten days of 4 months, and specifically operating as follows:
taking 10% of pyrazoline wettable powder, adding 2000 times of clear water by weight into the powder to prepare a pyrazoline diluent, and then spraying the diluent on the surfaces of Chinese rose plants according to the amount of 50 g/plant;
(6) The spraying of the accelerator was started in the middle of 5 months, and the selected accelerator was the one prepared in example 1, at a rate of 100g per plant, and was sprayed every 20 days until the spraying was stopped in the middle of 9 months.
Example 5: method for reducing Chinese rose flower deformity
The method is implemented in China rose planting land with acidic soil, the pH value of the soil is measured, the pH value is measured to be 4.9, and then quicklime is applied to increase the pH value of the soil.
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the soil, and specifically operating as follows:
uniformly spraying quicklime into the soil according to the amount of 10 kg/mu, then spraying clear water to fully soak the surface of the soil, measuring the pH value of the soil to be 5.2 after 3 days, and measuring the pH value of the soil to be 5.6 after repeating the operation for 2 times;
(2) Applying a nitrogen fertilizer in the middle of 2 months, and specifically operating as follows:
weighing 500g of calcium nitrate and 2kg of ammonium bicarbonate, mixing to obtain a nitrogen fertilizer, and adding water into the nitrogen fertilizer to prepare a 0.3wt% nitrogen fertilizer solution; digging a ditch with the depth of 15cm along the drip line of the Chinese rose, uniformly applying a nitrogen fertilizer solution into the ditch according to the amount of 400 g/plant, and covering with soil after the application is finished;
(3) Before the spring Chinese rose bud begins to germinate, mixing the compound fertilizer and water purchased from the market according to the ratio of 1:100, preparing a water-soluble fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the composite water-soluble fertilizer in the root soil of the Chinese rose plants according to the amount of 300g per plant;
(4) Bud thinning is carried out when the diameter of the main bud of the Chinese rose reaches 1cm, and the specific operation is as follows:
when the diameter of the main bud of the Chinese rose reaches 1cm, pinching the lower branch of the bud with one hand, and removing the redundant bud with the nail of the other hand, so as to keep the main bud and the maximum auxiliary bud;
(5) Spraying the imidacloprid diluent every 20 days from the middle ten of 4 months, which comprises the following specific operations:
taking 10% of pyrazoline wettable powder, adding 2000 times of clear water by weight into the powder to prepare a pyrazoline diluent, and then spraying the diluent on the surfaces of Chinese rose plants according to the amount of 50 g/plant;
(6) The spraying of the accelerator was started in the middle of 5 months, the selected accelerator was the one prepared in example 1, and the amount sprayed was 100 g/strain, and the spraying was stopped every 20 days until the middle of 9 months.
Experiment: method for reducing Chinese rose flower deformity
1. For better comparison, the accelerators prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to an experiment for reducing the malformation of roses. A Suzhou Kunshan gorgeous planting base is selected as a test area, the altitude is about 4 meters, yellow brown soil is mainly used, the pH value is 7.3, the fertility is medium, the annual average temperature is 18 ℃, the frost-free period is 233 days, the average sunlight is 1965h, the annual average rainfall is 1100 millimeters, and the management capacity in the base is high. The experiments were divided into 7 groups: experiment group 1, comparison groups 1-5 and blank control group; each group had 20 plants, 3 replicates.
2. Accelerator (b):
experimental group 1: the accelerator prepared in example 1 was used;
comparative groups 1 to 5: the accelerators prepared in comparative examples 1 to 5 were used, respectively;
blank control group: clear water was used as a control.
3. A method for reducing Chinese rose flower deformity comprises the following steps: the pH of the soil in the experimental area was 7.3, so that the method of example 4 was used for reducing the deformity of the rose flowers in each of the experimental group 1, the comparative groups 1 to 5, and the blank control group.
4. And (4) detecting a result: the roses were observed starting in month 7 and the average rate of flower malformation and flowering status were recorded and the data are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Distortion ratio (%) | Flowering status | |
| Experimental group 1 | 2.7％ | Bright color, plump flower, and neat outer petals |
| Comparative group 1 | 9.3％ | Some flowers have slightly dark color and small size, |
| Comparative group 2 | 8.0％ | Some flowers have slightly dark color and small size |
| Comparative group 3 | 7.7％ | Some flowers have slightly dull color and small size |
| Comparative group 4 | 8.0％ | Some flowers have slightly dull color and small size |
| Comparative group 5 | 9.0％ | Some flowers have slightly dull color and small size |
| Blank control group | 17.7％ | Dark and light flower color, small flower, and less dispersed and plump petals |
According to the data analysis of table 1, it can be seen that:
(1) Compared with the experimental group, the comparison groups 1-7 and the blank control group have obviously higher flower aberration rate; compared with the experimental group 1, the abnormal rate of the comparative group 1 is increased because magnesium acrylate is not added during the preparation of the accelerant in the comparative group 1, the activity of pyruvate kinase is not increased, the generation amount of acetyl coenzyme A is reduced, the synthesis amount of cytokinin of subsequent Chinese rose plants is reduced, and the abnormal rate of flowers is increased;
(2) Compared with the experimental group 1, the abnormal rate of the comparative group 2 is increased, because D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride is not added during the preparation of the accelerant in the comparative group 2, the activity of HMG-CoA reductase is not increased, the generation amount of mevalonate is reduced, the synthesis amount of cytokinin of the subsequent Chinese rose plants is reduced, and the abnormal rate of flowers is increased;
(3) Compared with the experimental group 1, the abnormal rate of the comparative group 3 is increased, because copper acetylacetonate is not added during the preparation of the accelerant in the comparative group 3, the amount of inactive O-glycosylated cytokinin converted into active cytokinin is reduced, the action effect of the cytokinin is reduced, and the abnormal rate of flowers is increased;
(4) Compared with the experimental group 1, the aberration rate of the comparative group 4 is increased, because phenylcarbonyl diammonium is not added during the preparation of the accelerant in the comparative group 4, the activity of cytokinin dehydrogenase is not inhibited, so that the decomposition rate of cytokinin is higher, the accumulation amount of cytokinin is reduced, and the aberration rate of flowers is increased;
(5) Compared with the experimental group 1, the aberration rate of the comparative group 5 is increased because nitroethane is not added during the preparation of the accelerant in the comparative group 5, ammonium nitrogen absorbed by roses cannot be effectively converted into nitrate nitrogen, so that the synthesis amount of the cytokinin is not improved, the activity of the cytokinin is lower, the transportation rate of the cytokinin is reduced, the accumulation amount of the cytokinin is reduced, the distribution is uneven, and the aberration rate of flowers is increased;
(6) Compared with the experimental group 1, the comparison groups 1 to 5 have lower flowering status and higher flower aberration rate, which shows that the flowering status of the Chinese rose flowers can be improved by spraying the accelerant to the Chinese rose, the flower aberration rate is reduced, and the ornamental value and the commercial value of the Chinese rose are further improved.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (9)
1. A method of reducing malformation of a rose flower, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5;
(2) Applying a nitrogen fertilizer in the middle ten days of 2 months;
(3) Applying a compound fertilizer before the germination of the spring Chinese rose buds;
(4) Thinning the buds when the diameter of the main buds of the Chinese roses reaches 1 cm;
(5) Spraying the imidacloprid diluent every 20 days from the middle ten days of 4 months;
(6) Spraying the accelerant to the Chinese rose beginning in the middle of 5 months, and spraying once every 20 days until the spraying is stopped in the middle of 9 months.
2. The method for reducing malformation of rose flowers in step (1), wherein the method for adjusting soil pH in step (1) comprises the steps of: when the pH value of the soil is higher than 6.5, applying ferrous sulfate to reduce the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5; when the pH value of the soil is lower than 5.5, quicklime is applied to the soil to increase the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5.
3. The method for reducing malformation of rose flowers as claimed in claim 2, wherein the applying ferrous sulfate is performed by: adding ferrous sulfate into water to prepare a ferrous sulfate solution with the weight percent of 0.5, then uniformly spraying the ferrous sulfate solution on the surfaces of the Chinese rose plants according to the amount of 500-2000g per plant, spraying clear water with the weight 2 times that of the ferrous sulfate solution on the surfaces of the Chinese rose plants after the spraying of the ferrous sulfate solution is finished, detecting the pH value of the soil after 2 days, and repeating the operation until the pH value of the soil is reduced to 5.5-6.5.
4. A method for reducing the deformity of the flower of Chinese rose as claimed in claim 2, wherein the quicklime is applied as follows: evenly spraying quicklime into the soil according to the amount of 10-15 kg/mu, then spraying clear water to fully wet the surface of the soil, measuring the pH value of the soil after 3 days, and repeating the operation until the pH value of the soil is increased to 5.5-6.5.
5. The method for reducing the malformation of rose flowers according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in step (2) is prepared from calcium nitrate and ammonium bicarbonate in a weight ratio of 1:4, and mixing the components in a ratio of 4.
6. The method for reducing the deformity of the Chinese rose flowers according to claim 5, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application is carried out by the following steps:
adding water into a nitrogen fertilizer to prepare a nitrogen fertilizer solution with the weight percent of 0.3; digging a ditch with the depth of 10-20cm along the drip line of the Chinese rose, uniformly applying a nitrogen fertilizer solution into the ditch according to the amount of 300-500 g/plant, and covering with soil after application.
7. The method for reducing the deformity of the Chinese rose flowers according to claim 6, wherein the bud thinning in the step (4) comprises the following specific operations: when the diameter of the main bud of the Chinese rose reaches 1cm, the lower branch of the bud is pinched by one hand, and the redundant bud is pinched by the nail of the other hand, so that the main bud and the maximum auxiliary bud are reserved.
8. The method for reducing the malformation of rose flowers as claimed in claim 7, wherein the promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-3 parts of magnesium acrylate, 1-3 parts of D-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 3-5 parts of copper acetylacetonate, 5-7 parts of phenyl diammonium carbonate and 3-5 parts of nitroethane.
9. The method for reducing malformation of rose flowers of claim 8, wherein the promoter is prepared by the following steps:
A. adding magnesium acrylate into water, stirring, heating in water bath at 60-80 deg.C for 5-10min, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12 hr to obtain magnesium acrylate solution;
B. adding cold water of 2-15 ℃ into nitroethane, stirring for 3-5min, then adding ethanol, uniformly mixing to obtain a nitroethane solution, and storing at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
C. adding carbon tetrachloride into copper acetylacetonate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and standing at normal temperature for 3-5h to obtain copper acetylacetonate solution for later use;
D. d-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride and phenylcarbonyl diammonium are uniformly mixed, added with water, uniformly stirred and mixed, heated in a water bath at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ for 3-8min, cooled to room temperature, added with a magnesium acrylate solution, a nitroethane solution and a copper acetylacetonate solution, and uniformly mixed to obtain the accelerant.
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| CN117716962A (en) * | 2024-02-18 | 2024-03-19 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for solving generation of silly flowers of cut rose cultivated by matrix |
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| CN117716962A (en) * | 2024-02-18 | 2024-03-19 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for solving generation of silly flowers of cut rose cultivated by matrix |
| CN117716962B (en) * | 2024-02-18 | 2024-04-26 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for solving generation of silly flowers of cut rose cultivated by matrix |
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