CN1156449C - 制备n-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)甲酰胺的方法 - Google Patents

制备n-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)甲酰胺的方法 Download PDF

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CN1156449C
CN1156449C CNB991262441A CN99126244A CN1156449C CN 1156449 C CN1156449 C CN 1156449C CN B991262441 A CNB991262441 A CN B991262441A CN 99126244 A CN99126244 A CN 99126244A CN 1156449 C CN1156449 C CN 1156449C
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埃利·赛卡利
瓦尔特·布里登
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Abstract

本发明涉及通式I或II之N-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)甲酰胺的新制备方法:其中X是卤原子,其由通式III的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶起始,其中X具有如上所述的含意,与甲酸反应。

Description

制备N-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)甲酰胺的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制备通式I或II之N-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)-甲酰胺的新方法,
Figure C9912624400051
Figure C9912624400052
其是由通式III的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶开始。
背景技术
诸如N-(2-氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶-5-基)甲酰胺的N-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)甲酰胺对于制备抗病毒核苷酸衍生物(EP-A0684 236)是重要的中间体。
目前,已公开了许多制备N-(2-氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶-5-基)甲酰胺的方法。例如,EP-A 0 684 236公开了由氨基丙二酸酯起始制备N-(2-氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶-5-基)甲酰胺的方法。在该方法中,氨基丙二酸酯首先在醇盐存在下与胍成环为2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶,然后由该物质与磷酰氯在二甲基甲酰胺存在下形成4,6-二氯-N′-(二甲基氨基亚甲基)嘧啶-2,5-二胺。随后使用含水丙酸将后者转化为所希望的产物。
该方法的缺陷是,-方面所希望的产物仅有中等产率,另一方面该方法需要经过3个步骤。
迄今为止,还公开了许多制备诸如2,5-二氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶的方法。例如,WO 91/01310描述了在磷酰氯和季铵卤或弱碱性叔胺或其盐存在下由2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基-嘧啶起始制备2,5-二氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶的方法。在该方法中,磷酰氯的作用是作为溶剂。该方法的缺陷是,在工业规模上不能重复,而且所希望的最终产物的产率较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供更简单地制备N-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)甲酰胺的方法,其中所希望的产物具有良好的产率。
令人惊奇的是,现己发现通式III的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶
其中X是卤原子,与甲酸反应可直接得到通式I或II的最终产物,也就是说不需经过中间体,而且产率非常好。
可使用Cl或Br作为卤原子,优选使用Cl。因此,优选使用2,5-二氨基-4,6-二氯-或2,5-二氨基-4,6-二溴嘧啶作为2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶。
所使用的甲酸至少是浓度为70-98%的甲酸。
为方便起见,如果希望制得通式I的产物,则使用浓度为70-80%的甲酸,而且反应在20-60℃、优选25-55℃下进行。
如果希望制得通式II的产物,则使用浓度为80-98%的甲酸,而且反应在0-30℃、优选10-25℃下进行。
令人惊奇的是,如果通式IV的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶或其盐
Figure C9912624400071
在磷酰卤和季铵卤或胺存在下与作为溶剂的卤代烃反应,可制得通式III的起始物2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶,而且产率良好。
2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶是一种市售化合物。
合适的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶也可以是其盐如其氢卤酸盐,如盐酸盐和氢溴酸盐。
所用的磷酰卤可有利地是磷酰氯或磷酰溴。
所用的胺可以是伯胺、仲胺或叔胺或其盐,如其盐酸盐或氢溴酸盐。所用的季铵卤可有利地是氯化铵或溴化铵。通常情况下,以2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶计,使用过量的胺或季铵卤,优选1摩尔2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶使用1-10摩尔的胺。
反应可有利地在20℃至适当溶剂的回流温度之间的温度下进行,优选为100-120℃之间。
所用的卤代烃可以是卤代脂族烃。卤代脂族烃的例子是卤代烷烃。所用的卤代烷烃可以是卤代丙烷如1,2,3-三氯丙烷。
具体实施方式
实施例1
制备2,5-二氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶
将2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶盐酸盐(0.14mol,25g)填入干燥的反应器中。然后加入干燥的1,2,3-三氯丙烷(51.96ml),并进行搅拌。随后加入四甲基氯化铵(0.29mol,31.25g)和POCl3(0.54-0.81mol,124.9-183.28g,50.6-75.9ml)。将反应物加热至回流温度(约115℃)24小时。然后将反应物冷却至低于50℃,添加冰水(24.44mol,440.44g),并使整体保持在低于55℃。使用50%的NaOH(3.12mol,124.92g,163.3ml)将反应物的pH值调节为6.5-7.0之间,并将反应物的温度保持在低于55℃。在50-60℃之间搅拌反应物30分钟。加入四氢呋喃(3.7mol,267.0g,300ml)。为除去非所希望的物质,由Celite过滤整个混合物,并用乙酸乙酯(20.5mol,1806.58g,2002.86ml)洗涤滤饼用于随后的萃取。有机相(四氢呋喃和乙酸乙酯)用水(5.57mol,100.32g,100.32ml)洗涤3次,用碳酸氢钠干燥,然后过滤。真空蒸馏除去乙酸乙酯。在残留的有机物中加入己烷(0.77mol,66.14g,100.36ml),然后将整个混合物冷却至低于10℃,过滤,并在50℃下真空干燥。得到略呈棕色的固体状的标题化合物(0.09mol,15.71g),以2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶计产率为约65%。
实施例2
制备N-(2-氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶-5-基)-甲酰胺
在室温下搅拌2,5-二氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶(0.01mol,2.0g)和水(0.25mol,4.55ml)。然后在反应物中加入浓度为98%的甲酸(0.4mol,18.27g,14.97ml)。随后将反应物加热至50-55℃,并在此温度下保持3小时。
加入甲苯(0.38mol,34.6g,40ml),用于在50℃和高真空下共沸蒸馏(添加两次甲苯,以确保良好的蒸馏,也就是说总共80ml)。
随后过滤产物,用水洗涤,然后在60℃下真空干燥。得到0.01mol(2.0g)的上述产物,相应于产率为约90%。
实施例3
制备N-(5-氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶-2-基)-甲酰胺
在室温下过夜搅拌2,5-二氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶(0.001mol,2.0g)和浓度为98%的甲酸(0.5mol,22.96g,18.8ml)。添加甲苯(0.94mol,86.76g,18.82ml),然后将反应物冷却至0-5℃。
过滤出产物,并用水(1.11mol,20.0g,20.0ml)洗涤。在50℃下真空干燥产物。在1H NMR中检测N-(5-氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶-2-基)-甲酰胺为单一物质。得到0.01mol(1.62g)的上述产物,相应于产率为约70%。

Claims (6)

1、制备通式I之N-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)甲酰胺的方法
Figure C9912624400021
其中X是卤原子,该方法包括通式III的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶
Figure C9912624400022
其中X具有如上所述的含意,与浓度为70-80%的甲酸在20-60℃的温度下进行反应,形成通式I的最终产物。
2、制备通式II之N-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)甲酰胺的方法
Figure C9912624400023
其中X是卤原子,该方法包括通式III的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶
Figure C9912624400031
其中X具有如上所述的含意,与浓度为80-90%的甲酸在0-30℃的温度下进行反应,形成通式II的最终产物。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,通式III的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶是如下制备的:
Figure C9912624400032
使通式IV的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶或其盐
Figure C9912624400033
在作为溶剂的卤代脂族烃中与磷酰卤和季铵卤反应。
4、如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应是在20℃至适当溶剂的回流温度之间的温度下进行的。
5、如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所用溶剂是卤代烷烃。
6、制备通式III之2,5-二氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶的方法
Figure C9912624400041
其中X是卤原子,该方法包括使通式IV的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶或其盐
在作为溶剂的卤代脂族烃中与磷酰卤和季铵卤或胺反应。
CNB991262441A 1998-12-21 1999-12-17 制备n-(氨基-4,6-二卤嘧啶)甲酰胺的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1156449C (zh)

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HUP9904608A3 (en) 2001-03-28
CZ296832B6 (cs) 2006-06-14
SK178499A3 (en) 2000-09-12
EP1013647A2 (de) 2000-06-28
US6271376B1 (en) 2001-08-07
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CN1265393A (zh) 2000-09-06
EP1013647B1 (de) 2002-11-27
EP1188750A1 (de) 2002-03-20
US6716981B2 (en) 2004-04-06
DE59907401D1 (de) 2003-11-20
EP1188750B1 (de) 2003-10-15
CZ296753B6 (cs) 2006-06-14
US20010031868A1 (en) 2001-10-18
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SK285222B6 (sk) 2006-09-07
HU9904608D0 (en) 2000-03-28
NO996325D0 (no) 1999-12-20
KR20000052540A (ko) 2000-08-25
DE59903535D1 (de) 2003-01-09
ATE228508T1 (de) 2002-12-15
HUP9904608A2 (hu) 2000-08-28
PL337354A1 (en) 2000-07-03
ATE252087T1 (de) 2003-11-15
CA2293011A1 (en) 2000-06-21
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