CN115266551B - Safety evaluation method for high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment - Google Patents
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/006—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light of metals
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Abstract
The invention relates to a safety evaluation method for a high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment, which comprises the following steps: according to corrosion experimental parameters, predicting the corrosion rate of a sample by combining a corrosion rate prediction model, calculating the quantity of a substance generating hydrogen according to the explosion limit of the hydrogen, calculating the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the experimental sample reaches the explosion limit of the hydrogen according to a chemical equation of the experimental sample and CO 2、H2 O, comparing the predicted corrosion rate of the experimental material with the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the explosion limit of the hydrogen is reached, if the former is smaller than the latter, the experiment is safely carried out, if the former is larger than the latter, the experiment cannot be safely carried out, and repeating the steps after adjusting the experiment temperature, the partial pressure of CO 2, the experiment flow rate and the experiment time until the experiment safety is judged; the invention effectively judges the safety and environmental protection of the experiment before the corrosion experiment, adjusts the experiment parameters in time, has high feasibility, effectively prevents the occurrence of experimental accidents, and has simple evaluation method, quick calculation and high accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety evaluation of oil and gas field corrosion and protection experiments, and relates to a safety evaluation method of high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiments.
Background
In recent years, with further increase of the exploitation depth of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the downhole temperature and pressure are also increased continuously, so that the downhole tubular column faces a severely corroded working condition environment, tubular column steel is easy to generate uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion and the like under the high-temperature high-pressure environment with high CO 2 content, serious potential safety hazards are generated for oil and gas field exploitation, the CO 2 corrosion problem is serious, the service life of the tubular column is far lower than the design life, the tubular column is easy to fail, and serious economic loss is generated.
In order to solve the problems, the underground pipe is optimized through a high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment, but in the experiment process, fe, cr and a corrosion medium react to generate H 2,H2 which belongs to inflammable and explosive gas, the explosion limit is 4-75.6% (volume concentration), and a large amount of H 2 generated in the experiment process can seriously influence the safety and environmental protection of the experiment, so that a certain experiment safety risk is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: before a high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment is carried out, firstly, safety evaluation is carried out, the corrosion rate is predicted according to corrosion experiment parameters, the average corrosion rate of an experiment sample calculated when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached is compared, whether the experiment can be carried out safely is judged, experimental conditions are adjusted, and the safety and the environmental protection performance of the high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment are ensured.
In order to achieve the above object, the object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical measures:
A high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment safety evaluation method comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the experimental temperature, the partial pressure of CO 2, the experimental time, the experimental material and the experimental flow rate, and the corrosion rate of an experimental sample is predicted by combining with a CO 2 corrosion prediction rate model based on an indoor experiment;
(2) Calculating the quantity of substances generating hydrogen when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached according to the hydrogen explosion limit, the volume of the reaction kettle, the volume of the corrosive medium fluid, the hydrogen density and the solubility of the hydrogen in the corrosive medium fluid under experimental conditions;
(3) Calculating the total mass of the hydrogen consumption experimental sample reaching the explosion limit by utilizing the stoichiometric ratio according to the chemical equation of the experimental material and the CO 2、H2 O;
(4) Calculating the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the explosion limit of the hydrogen is reached according to the sum of all the surface areas of the experimental sample, the density of the experimental sample, the experimental time and the total mass of the hydrogen consumption experimental sample which is generated to reach the explosion limit;
(5) Comparing the predicted corrosion rate of the experimental material with the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached, if the former is smaller than the latter, the experiment is safely carried out, if the former is larger than the latter, the experiment cannot be safely carried out, and repeating the steps (1) - (4) after adjusting the experiment temperature, the CO 2 partial pressure, the experiment flow rate and the experiment time, and comparing again until the experiment can be safely carried out.
Wherein the average corrosion rate of the test specimen when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein V corr2 is the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the explosion limit of hydrogen is reached, and mm/a; m Total (S) is the total mass, g, of the hydrogen consumption test sample that produced the explosion limit; s is the sum of all the surface areas of the experimental samples, mm 2;ρ Sample preparation is the density of the experimental samples, g/cm 3; t is the experimental time, d.
The chemical reaction equation of the experimental material and the CO 2、H2 O is as follows:
2CO2+2H2O+Fe＝Fe2++H2+2HCO3 -
6CO2+4H2O+2Cr＝2Cr3++H2+6HCO3 -
The experimental materials are generally divided into carbon steel and Cr-containing alloy steel, wherein Fe and Cr in the Cr-containing alloy steel react with corrosive media, and mainly Fe in the carbon steel reacts with the corrosive media.
As a preferred technical scheme, the following formula is a CO 2 corrosion prediction model based on an indoor experiment:
Wherein V corr1 is the predicted corrosion rate of the experimental sample, mm/a; a is a coefficient related to experimental materials, and is dimensionless; u is the experimental flow rate, m/s; t is the experimental temperature, DEG C; t is the experimental time, d; p CO2 is the partial pressure of CO 2, MPa.
As a preferable technical scheme, the coefficient a related to the experimental material is 0.321 when the experimental material is 3Cr steel, 0.152 when the experimental material is 9Cr steel, 0.042 when the experimental material is 13Cr steel, 0.024 when the experimental material is super 13Cr steel, and 0.832 when the experimental material is carbon steel.
As a preferred technical solution, the amount of hydrogen generating substance when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached is calculated according to the following formula:
In the method, in the process of the invention, To reach the hydrogen explosion limit, the amount of hydrogen generating substances, mol; ρ H2 is the density of hydrogen, g/cm 3;V1 is the volume of the reactor, cm 3;V2 is the volume of the corrosive medium fluid added, cm 3; b is the solubility of hydrogen in corrosive medium fluid under experimental conditions, dimensionless; /(I)Is the molar mass, g/mol, of hydrogen.
As a preferred technical solution, the total mass of the consumed test sample under the conditions of critical explosive hydrogen generation is calculated according to the following formula:
Wherein m Carbon steel is the total mass of a hydrogen consumption experimental sample reaching the explosion limit when the experimental material is carbon steel, and g; m Containing Cr Steel and method for producing same is the total mass g of a hydrogen consumption experimental sample reaching the explosion limit when the experimental material is Cr-containing alloy steel; m Fe is the molar mass, g/mol, of iron; m Cr is the molar mass, g/mol, of chromium.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The evaluation method is simple, the calculation is quick, and the accuracy is high;
(2) The safety and environmental protection of the experiment are effectively judged before the high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment is carried out, the experiment parameters are timely adjusted, the feasibility is high, and the experiment accidents are effectively prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the safety of a high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, a high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment is carried out on 3Cr steel, and the safety evaluation is carried out on the experiment.
(1) Predicted corrosion rate of experimental samples
Wherein V corr1 is the predicted corrosion rate of the experimental sample, mm/a; a is a coefficient related to experimental materials, and is dimensionless; u is the experimental flow rate, m/s; t is the experimental temperature, DEG C; t is the experimental time, d; p CO2 is the partial pressure of CO 2, MPa.
The coefficient related to the experimental material was 0.321, the experimental temperature was 83 ℃, the experimental time was 15 days, the experimental flow rate was 5m/s, the partial pressure of CO 2 was 9.436MPa, and the predicted corrosion rate of the experimental sample was 1.206mm/a.
(2) Amount of Hydrogen-generating Material at the time of Hydrogen explosion limit
In the method, in the process of the invention,To reach the hydrogen explosion limit, the amount of hydrogen generating substances, mol; /(I)G/cm 3;V1 is the volume of the reaction kettle, cm 3;V2 is the volume of the corrosive medium fluid added, and cm 3 is the density of the hydrogen; b is the solubility of hydrogen in corrosive medium fluid under experimental conditions, dimensionless; /(I)Is the molar mass, g/mol, of hydrogen.
The density of hydrogen is 0.0000899g/cm 3, the volume of the reaction kettle is 8000cm 3, the volume of the added corrosive medium fluid is 3000cm 3, the solubility of hydrogen in water under experimental conditions is 0.00183, the molar mass of hydrogen is 2g/mol, and the amount of substances generating hydrogen when the explosion limit of hydrogen is reached is 0.00899mol.
(3) Total mass of consumed test sample under critical explosive hydrogen generation condition
Wherein m Containing Cr Steel and method for producing same is the total mass of a hydrogen consumption experimental sample reaching the explosion limit when the experimental material is Cr-containing alloy steel, and g; m Fe is the molar mass, g/mol, of iron; m Cr is the molar mass, g/mol, of chromium.
The molar mass of iron was 56g/mol, the molar mass of chromium was 52g/mol, and the total mass of the consumed test sample under the conditions of critical explosive hydrogen generation was 0.491453g.
(4) Average corrosion rate of test specimen when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached
Wherein V corr2 is the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the explosion limit of hydrogen is reached, and mm/a; m Total (S) is the total mass, g, of the hydrogen consumption test sample that produced the explosion limit; s is the sum of all the surface areas of the experimental samples, mm 2;ρ Sample preparation is the density of the experimental samples, g/cm 3; t is the experimental time, d.
The sum of all the surface areas of the test specimens is 1264mm 2, the density of the test specimens is 7.75g/cm 3, the test time is 15 days, and the average corrosion rate of the test specimens is 1.221mm/a when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached.
(5) Comparison and judgment
The predicted corrosion rate of the experimental sample is 1.206mm/a, the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached is 1.221mm/a, and the former is smaller than the latter, so that the experiment can be safely carried out.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
Claims (2)
1. The safety evaluation method for the high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) According to the experiment temperature, the partial pressure of CO 2, the experiment time, the experiment material and the experiment flow rate, the corrosion rate of an experiment sample is predicted by combining with a CO 2 corrosion prediction rate model based on an indoor experiment, and the following formula is a CO 2 corrosion rate prediction model based on the indoor experiment:
Wherein V corr1 is the predicted corrosion rate of the experimental sample, mm/a; a is a coefficient related to experimental materials, and is dimensionless; u is the experimental flow rate, m/s; t is the experimental temperature, DEG C; t is the experimental time, d; Is the partial pressure of CO 2 and MPa;
(2) Calculating the quantity of substances generating hydrogen when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached according to the hydrogen explosion limit, the volume of the reaction kettle, the volume of the corrosive medium fluid, the hydrogen density and the solubility of the hydrogen in the corrosive medium fluid under experimental conditions; the amount of hydrogen generating material when the hydrogen explosion limit was reached was calculated according to the following formula:
In the method, in the process of the invention, To reach the hydrogen explosion limit, the amount of hydrogen generating substances, mol; /(I)G/cm 3;V1 is the volume of the reaction kettle, cm 3;V2 is the volume of the corrosive medium fluid added, and cm 3 is the density of the hydrogen; b is the solubility of hydrogen in corrosive medium fluid under experimental conditions, dimensionless; /(I)Is the molar mass, g/mol, of hydrogen;
(3) Calculating the total mass of the hydrogen consumption experimental sample reaching the explosion limit by utilizing the stoichiometric ratio according to the chemical equation of the experimental material and the CO 2、H2 O; the total mass of the hydrogen consumption test sample that produced the explosion limit was calculated according to the following formula:
Wherein m Carbon steel is the total mass of a hydrogen consumption experimental sample reaching the explosion limit when the experimental material is carbon steel, and g; m Containing Cr Steel and method for producing same is the total mass g of a hydrogen consumption experimental sample reaching the explosion limit when the experimental material is Cr-containing alloy steel; m Fe is the molar mass, g/mol, of iron; m Cr is the molar mass, g/mol, of chromium;
(4) Calculating the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the explosion limit of the hydrogen is reached according to the sum of all the surface areas of the experimental sample, the density of the experimental sample, the experimental time and the total mass of the hydrogen consumption experimental sample which is generated to reach the explosion limit; wherein the average corrosion rate of the test specimen when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein V corr2 is the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the explosion limit of hydrogen is reached, and mm/a; m Total (S) is the total mass, g, of the hydrogen consumption test sample that produced the explosion limit; s is the sum of all the surface areas of the experimental samples, mm 2;ρ Sample preparation is the density of the experimental samples, g/cm 3; t is the experimental time, d;
(5) Comparing the predicted corrosion rate of the experimental material with the average corrosion rate of the experimental sample when the hydrogen explosion limit is reached, if the former is smaller than the latter, the experiment is safely carried out, if the former is larger than the latter, the experiment cannot be safely carried out, and repeating the steps (1) - (4) after adjusting the experiment temperature, the CO 2 partial pressure, the experiment flow rate and the experiment time, and comparing again until the experiment can be safely carried out.
2. The method for evaluating the safety of a high-temperature high-pressure flow corrosion experiment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the coefficient a related to the experimental material is 0.321 when the experimental material is 3Cr steel, 0.152 when the experimental material is 9Cr steel, 0.042 when the experimental material is 13Cr steel, 0.024 when the experimental material is super 13Cr steel, and 0.832 when the experimental material is carbon steel.
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| CN109387544A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-02-26 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | High activity liquid waste basin hydrogen gas mixture explosion source item evaluation method |
| CN113090956A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 大连理工大学 | Partitioned active explosion-proof and explosion-suppression device and control method thereof |
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| CN109387544A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-02-26 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | High activity liquid waste basin hydrogen gas mixture explosion source item evaluation method |
| CN113090956A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 大连理工大学 | Partitioned active explosion-proof and explosion-suppression device and control method thereof |
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