CN115253122B - Fire disaster prevention method for energy storage power station - Google Patents

Fire disaster prevention method for energy storage power station Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115253122B
CN115253122B CN202210874161.8A CN202210874161A CN115253122B CN 115253122 B CN115253122 B CN 115253122B CN 202210874161 A CN202210874161 A CN 202210874161A CN 115253122 B CN115253122 B CN 115253122B
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China
Prior art keywords
battery pack
thermal runaway
energy storage
storage unit
fire disaster
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CN202210874161.8A
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CN115253122A (en
Inventor
冯璐
吴征
王屾
李兴武
刘军
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Scegc Equipment Installation Group Co ltd
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Scegc Equipment Installation Group Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/04Removing or cutting-off the supply of inflammable material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/002Generators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fire disaster prevention method for an energy storage power station, which comprises the following steps: monitoring the battery pack by the seebeck semiconductor module to confirm thermal runaway; after the thermal runaway is confirmed, cooling the thermal runaway battery pack by adopting liquid nitrogen and replacing air of an energy storage unit where the battery pack is adjacent to the battery pack; nitrogen and vaporous perfluorinated hexanone are fed into the energy storage unit, and all mechanical connection and electrical control circuits of the thermal runaway battery pack and the energy storage unit are removed; again frozen with liquid nitrogen and the thermal runaway battery was removed. According to the method for preventing the fire disaster of the energy storage power station, the Seebeck semiconductor module is adopted to monitor the thermal runaway of the battery pack, hidden danger is found in time before the fire disaster is generated, the source of the fire disaster is restrained by injecting liquid nitrogen for rapid cooling, accidental sparks are prevented from causing the fire disaster by injecting nitrogen and perfluorinated hexanone, finally the thermal runaway battery pack is frozen by injecting liquid nitrogen again, the taking out safety is guaranteed, and therefore the thermal runaway of the battery pack can be detected in time and fire extinguishing treatment can be carried out.

Description

Fire disaster prevention method for energy storage power station
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage power stations, and particularly relates to a fire disaster prevention method for an energy storage power station.
Background
Most of fire accidents of the energy storage power station occur in charging or in rest after charging, at the moment, the battery voltage is higher, the battery activity is higher, circulation is formed among parallel battery clusters, the battery core is in an overcharged state, internal short circuit is formed by voltage rise, and the fire accidents are easy to cause; after the energy storage power station fires, gas fire extinguishing devices such as heptafluoropropane are adopted to extinguish the fire by isolating oxygen, but the temperature of the battery cannot be reduced, once external oxygen enters, the battery is easy to reburning, flammable and explosive gases such as carbon monoxide, methane and the like can be generated in the combustion process of the battery, and even the gas explosion can be caused after the battery reburning.
The existing detection technology is not enough:
(1) Temperature change is the most direct indicator of thermal runaway. However, the method of taking the temperature as the early warning parameter has a major defect that a thermocouple or other temperature sensors have certain delay and error in measuring the temperature, and the battery thermal runaway phenomenon can occur when the temperature detected by the early warning system does not reach the temperature warning line yet. An effective solution to this problem is to employ infrared imaging techniques with faster response times and higher efficiency for thermal runaway monitoring of the battery. However, the thermal imaging needs to have a certain distance from the measured object, and is also easily affected by sunlight and light reflection.
(2) Internal resistance of
The internal resistance of a lithium battery varies with the charge-discharge State (SOC) of the battery, the operating environment temperature, the degree of self-aging, and the like. When the battery is in the normal operating range, the internal resistance of the battery decreases with an increase in temperature, and when the battery is out of the normal operating range and thermal runaway begins to occur, a significant increase in the internal resistance of the battery occurs. The internal resistance of the battery is easily disturbed by disturbance of the external environment, and the single internal resistance of the battery is not suitable for being used as a basis for judging the thermal runaway, and the thermal runaway is required to be analyzed and judged together with other parameters.
(3) Voltage (V)
When thermal runaway occurs in the lithium battery, the voltage of the lithium battery is abnormally changed, and the final voltage drop is 0V. The voltage change rule depends on the mode of triggering thermal runaway, and when the battery is in thermal runaway due to mechanical abuse such as needling, the voltage generally drops to 0V suddenly; for battery abuse such as thermal runaway caused by overcharging, the voltage continues to increase and then drops to 0V after reaching a peak. However, the voltage change law is extremely complex, and is not suitable for taking the voltage as the only parameter for detecting thermal runaway.
(4) Characteristic gas
In the thermal runaway triggering process, a series of side reactions can occur in the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte in the lithium battery, and CO is generated 2 、CO、H 2 Various gases such as olefins and fluorocarbons. The gas signal is more suitable as an electrical signal than the voltage and temperature signalsAnd detecting parameters of thermal runaway of the pool. There is a study on the correlation between the reaction phenomenon and the change of the mass concentration of the gas in each stage of side reaction of the lithium battery, and H is adopted 2 CO and CO 2 As a first-level early warning, HCl and HF are taken as thought of a second-level early warning. However, these flammable gas detectors currently have limited sensitivity, and in order to improve the success rate of early warning, it is generally considered to monitor various parameters, such as charge-discharge voltage, current, battery temperature, and gas smoke in the battery pack, by using a plurality of signals to monitor them, so as to jointly determine occurrence of thermal runaway.
The prior fire extinguishing technology is not enough:
when thermal runaway progresses to an uncontrollable stage, such as a combustion explosion, a fire extinguishing treatment is performed on the battery using a highly efficient fire extinguishing agent. However, lithium batteries are an energetic material, and their fires are greatly different from ordinary fires. The fire disaster has the characteristics of severe combustion, rapid spreading, strong toxicity, easy re-combustion and the like.
Gaseous extinguishing agents such as haloalkanes 1301, CO 2 Heptafluoropropane has the advantages of no particulate matters, no corrosion and no residue, but only can extinguish the open fire of the lithium battery fire, has poor cooling effect and can not inhibit the re-combustion of the fire; the liquid water-based extinguishing agent can instantaneously evaporate a large amount of heat energy in a fire scene, has obvious cooling effect, is environment-friendly and low in cost, and can easily cause short circuit damage of batteries in the energy storage power station. In summary, for lithium battery fires, the solid fire extinguishing agent has little extinguishing effect; the gas extinguishing agent has poor extinguishing effect; the liquid extinguishing agent has obvious extinguishing effect.
In the energy storage power station, a container type lithium battery energy storage system is generally adopted, and the system is a unit set which consists of a plurality of lithium battery clusters and electrical equipment and is placed in a closed space. The research aspect of the fire-fighting device of the container type lithium battery energy storage system is still in a starting stage at home and abroad, and the traditional electric fire-extinguishing device is mainly used, namely, a gas fire-extinguishing agent such as heptafluoropropane fire-extinguishing device is adopted, and the fire-extinguishing device has a good effect of extinguishing open fires of batteries, but has obvious short plates in the aspect of inhibiting the re-burning of battery fires.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fire disaster prevention method for an energy storage power station, which can timely detect thermal runaway of a battery pack and conduct fire extinguishing treatment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the fire disaster prevention method of the energy storage power station comprises the following steps:
step 1, monitoring a battery pack through a Seebeck semiconductor module to confirm thermal runaway;
step 2, after confirming the thermal runaway, adopting liquid nitrogen to cool the thermal runaway battery pack and the adjacent battery packs and replacing the air of the energy storage unit;
step 3, feeding nitrogen and vaporous perfluorinated hexanone into the energy storage unit, and removing all mechanical connection and electrical control circuits of the thermal runaway battery pack and the energy storage unit;
and 4, freezing again by adopting liquid nitrogen, taking out the thermal runaway battery pack, and moving the thermal runaway battery pack to an open environment for treatment.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the Seebeck semiconductor module in the step 1 comprises a thermoelectric generation sheet connected with each battery pack, and an alarm is connected to the thermoelectric generation sheet.
The specific way to confirm the thermal runaway in step 1 is: the abnormal temperature rise of the battery pack enables the thermoelectric generation sheet to generate power generation voltage, the thermoelectric generation sheet transmits an electric signal to the alarm, the alarm is forced to reset after alarming for the first time, and the energy storage unit acquires the power generation voltage of the thermoelectric generation sheet of the adjacent battery pack after alarming again, and if the abnormal temperature rise is abnormal, the thermoelectric generation sheet confirms that the thermoelectric control is in parallel connection with the power failure of the energy storage unit.
And 3, after nitrogen and vaporous perfluorinated hexanone are fed into the energy storage unit, keeping the energy storage unit positive pressure on the environment.
And 4, dismantling the thermal runaway battery pack, then sending the thermal runaway battery pack to an open environment, and treating the thermal runaway battery pack through controllable combustion.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the method for preventing the fire disaster of the energy storage power station, the Seebeck semiconductor module is adopted to monitor the thermal runaway of the battery pack, hidden danger is found in time before the fire disaster is generated, the source of the fire disaster is restrained by injecting liquid nitrogen for rapid cooling, accidental sparks are prevented from causing the fire disaster by injecting nitrogen and perfluorinated hexanone, finally the thermal runaway battery pack is frozen by injecting liquid nitrogen again, the taking out safety is guaranteed, and therefore the thermal runaway of the battery pack can be detected in time and fire extinguishing treatment can be carried out.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The invention provides a fire disaster prevention method for an energy storage power station, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, monitoring a battery pack through a Seebeck semiconductor module to confirm thermal runaway; the Seebeck semiconductor module comprises thermoelectric generation sheets (model TEG 1-12708) connected with each battery pack and an alarm connected with the thermoelectric generation sheets, and the Seebeck semiconductor module does not need to be additionally powered.
The specific way to confirm thermal runaway is: the abnormal temperature rise of the battery pack enables the thermoelectric generation sheet to generate power generation voltage, the thermoelectric generation sheet transmits an electric signal to the alarm, the alarm is forced to reset after alarming for the first time, and the energy storage unit acquires the power generation voltage of the thermoelectric generation sheet of the adjacent battery pack after alarming again, and if the abnormal temperature rise is abnormal, the thermoelectric generation sheet confirms that the thermoelectric control is in parallel connection with the power failure of the energy storage unit. The method shortens the thermal runaway detection and alarm period and improves the reliability and avoids false alarm by adopting the modes of alarming, resetting, alarming and confirming the thermal runaway of the adjacent battery packs and linkage power failure.
Step 2, after confirming the thermal runaway, adopting liquid nitrogen to cool the thermal runaway battery pack and the adjacent battery packs and replacing the air of the energy storage unit; in operation, liquid nitrogen is continuously injected into the periphery of the battery pack through the arranged pipelines, and the thermal runaway of the battery pack is controlled through a large amount of liquid nitrogen, so that the thermal runaway continuous reaction is stopped; the air of the energy storage unit is replaced while a large amount of liquid nitrogen is gasified to absorb heat, and a large amount of gasified nitrogen takes away combustible gas and combustion-supporting oxygen in the energy storage unit, so that the reaction of combustible matters is controlled, and the combustion-supporting environment is cut off.
And 3, after the thermal runaway of the battery pack is controlled, the fault battery pack with the thermal runaway is rapidly taken out from the energy storage unit, if the liquid nitrogen is continuously injected, the surrounding battery packs are frozen at low temperature, and meanwhile, the pipelines and the bolts are frozen, and the battery packs and the bracket are frozen and cannot be removed due to continuous low temperature. In order to prevent the fault battery pack from freezing and further observe the cooling effect, the internal release of the fault battery pack and the occurrence of open flame of combustion-supporting gas are prevented, nitrogen and vaporous perfluorinated hexanone are fed into the energy storage unit, the energy storage unit is kept to be positive to the environment, and no obvious trend of increasing is generated until the temperature of the fault battery pack is within 5 minutes; during operation, nitrogen and perfluoro-hexanone mist (the volume of perfluoro-hexanone is 15%) can be fed through opening valves of other fire extinguishing pipelines in a pipe network, the nitrogen is continuously replaced to avoid combustion improver, the energy storage unit is kept to be positive pressure to the environment, and air is prevented from entering the energy storage unit; the mixed perfluorinated hexanone can prevent the battery materials from generating scattered open fire when being heated, and the perfluorinated hexanone has fast fire extinguishing rate, low carbon and environmental protection, thus being capable of timely inhibiting the fire chain reaction. After confirming that the temperature of the faulty battery pack is stable, all mechanical connection and electrical control circuits of the faulty battery pack with the energy storage unit are removed, and taking out measures are prepared.
And 4, cooling the thermal runaway battery pack by adopting liquid nitrogen again, namely, freezing the faulty battery pack for the second time, thereby preventing the faulty battery pack from thermal runaway again, which is possibly caused by the relative displacement of the battery pack in the process of taking out and transporting. The robot or the special oxygen-containing respirator wearing personnel enter the vicinity of the fault battery pack, the thermal runaway battery pack is taken out, the fault battery pack is sent to an open environment, and the fault battery pack is processed through controllable combustion.
According to the method for preventing the fire disaster of the energy storage power station, the Seebeck semiconductor module is adopted to monitor the thermal runaway of the battery pack, hidden danger is found in time before the fire disaster occurs, the root cause of the fire disaster is restrained by injecting liquid nitrogen for quick cooling, accidental sparks are prevented from causing the fire disaster by injecting nitrogen and perfluorinated hexanone, finally the thermal runaway battery pack is frozen by injecting liquid nitrogen again, the taking-out safety is ensured, and therefore the thermal runaway of the battery pack can be detected in time and fire extinguishing treatment can be carried out.

Claims (1)

1. The fire disaster prevention method for the energy storage power station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, monitoring battery packs through a Seebeck semiconductor module to confirm thermal runaway, wherein the Seebeck semiconductor module comprises a thermoelectric generation sheet connected with each battery pack, and an alarm is connected to the thermoelectric generation sheet; the specific way to confirm thermal runaway is: the abnormal temperature rise of the battery pack enables the thermoelectric generation sheet to generate power generation voltage, the thermoelectric generation sheet transmits an electric signal to the alarm, the alarm is forced to reset after alarming for the first time, the energy storage unit acquires the power generation voltage of the thermoelectric generation sheet of the adjacent battery pack after alarming again, and if the abnormal temperature rise is abnormal, the thermoelectric control is confirmed and the energy storage unit is connected with power failure;
step 2, after confirming the thermal runaway, adopting liquid nitrogen to cool the thermal runaway battery pack and the adjacent battery packs and replacing the air of the energy storage unit;
step 3, feeding nitrogen and vaporous perfluorinated hexanone into the energy storage unit, then keeping the energy storage unit positive pressure on the environment, and removing all mechanical connection and electrical control circuits of the thermal runaway battery pack and the energy storage unit;
and 4, freezing again by adopting liquid nitrogen, taking out the thermal runaway battery pack, and then delivering the thermal runaway battery pack to an open environment for treatment through controllable combustion.
CN202210874161.8A 2022-07-21 2022-07-21 Fire disaster prevention method for energy storage power station Active CN115253122B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117437738A (en) * 2023-11-22 2024-01-23 山东四安消防科技有限公司 Intelligent safety early warning protection method for energy storage power station

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016092007A (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-05-23 日本ドライケミカル株式会社 Thermal runaway suppression system of secondary battery
CN110420415A (en) * 2019-08-27 2019-11-08 应急管理部天津消防研究所 A method of it spurting extinguishing chemical twice and inhibits ternary lithium-ion electric Pool fire
CN112717306A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-04-30 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 Fire extinguishing system and method for energy storage power station or battery container
CN113113706A (en) * 2021-03-19 2021-07-13 哈尔滨工业大学 Self-adaptive thermal management system for coping with thermal runaway of lithium battery during parking
CN113332640A (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-09-03 安徽中科久安新能源有限公司 Fire suppression program-controlled injection strategy for electrochemical energy storage system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016092007A (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-05-23 日本ドライケミカル株式会社 Thermal runaway suppression system of secondary battery
CN110420415A (en) * 2019-08-27 2019-11-08 应急管理部天津消防研究所 A method of it spurting extinguishing chemical twice and inhibits ternary lithium-ion electric Pool fire
CN113113706A (en) * 2021-03-19 2021-07-13 哈尔滨工业大学 Self-adaptive thermal management system for coping with thermal runaway of lithium battery during parking
CN112717306A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-04-30 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 Fire extinguishing system and method for energy storage power station or battery container
CN113332640A (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-09-03 安徽中科久安新能源有限公司 Fire suppression program-controlled injection strategy for electrochemical energy storage system

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