CN115097090A - Measuring system and measuring method based on hydrological tower - Google Patents
Measuring system and measuring method based on hydrological tower Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring system and a measuring method based on a hydrological tower. The hydrodynamic force measuring component comprises a smart water gauge, a rain gauge, a millimeter wave radar level gauge and a camera which are arranged on the hydrological tower body. The water ecology measuring system component comprises a spectrum water quality monitor. Wisdom water gauge, hyetometer, millimeter wave radar level gauge, camera, spectrum water quality monitoring appearance all are connected with the control module electricity, and control module carries out the communication through wireless communication subassembly and remote terminal. According to the invention, the plurality of measurement assemblies are arranged on the hydrological tower, the hydrological full-factor integrated real-time online monitoring side is developed, key information such as hydrological water quality and the like is accurately mastered, full-time automatic monitoring is realized, and the method has important significance in improving flood control and disaster reduction, protecting water environment safety and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrological towers, and particularly relates to a measurement system and a measurement method based on a hydrological tower.
Background
Hydrologic monitoring is an important component of hydrologic work and has important significance for water conservancy planning, water engineering construction management, flood prevention and early resistance, and water resource management and protection in China. However, the hydrologic stations are mostly remote and the working environment is relatively poor. The potential safety hazard that can not be invited exists in the hydrology monitoring process. For example, the traditional one-anchor multi-line flow monitoring mode for ship survey not only wastes time and energy, but also seriously threatens the safety of workers. In recent years, with the development of new technologies such as communication technology, artificial intelligence technology and the like, and the implementation of important items such as hydrological monitoring system engineering of small and medium rivers in China, hydrological infrastructure construction planning in China and the like, the hydrological and water resource monitoring capability of China is remarkably improved. In most areas of China, automatic acquisition and reporting of factors such as water level and rainfall are achieved.
However, for some special river channels or special weather conditions, it is difficult to realize fully-automatic and fully-automatic monitoring, and when extreme hydrological events such as flood disasters and mountain torrent disasters occur, a manual forecasting mode still needs to be adopted for hydrological data collection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a measuring system and a measuring method based on a hydrological tower, which solve the technical problems that in the prior art, full-automatic monitoring is difficult to realize aiming at some special river channels or special weather conditions, and when extreme hydrological events such as flood disasters, mountain torrent disasters and the like occur, a manual measuring and reporting mode is still needed for collecting hydrological data.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the measuring system based on the hydrological tower comprises a hydrodynamic force measuring assembly, a water ecology measuring assembly, an energy supply assembly, a control module, a communication assembly and a remote terminal, wherein the hydrodynamic force measuring assembly, the water ecology measuring assembly, the energy supply assembly, the control module and the communication assembly are arranged on a hydrological tower body.
The hydrodynamic force measuring component comprises an intelligent water gauge, a rain gauge, a millimeter wave radar level gauge and a camera, wherein the intelligent water gauge, the rain gauge, the millimeter wave radar level gauge and the camera are arranged on the hydrological tower body.
The water ecology measuring system component comprises a spectrum water quality monitor.
Wisdom water gauge, hyetometer, millimeter wave radar level gauge, camera, spectrum water quality monitoring appearance all are connected with control module electricity, and control module carries out the communication through wireless communication subassembly and remote terminal.
The energy supply subassembly is wisdom water gauge, rain gauge, millimeter wave radar level gauge, camera, spectrum water quality monitoring appearance and control module power supply.
According to the invention, the intelligent water gauge, the rain gauge, the millimeter wave radar level gauge, the camera and the spectrum water quality monitor are arranged on the hydrological tower, hydrological full-factor integrated real-time online monitoring is carried out, key information such as hydrological water quality and the like is accurately mastered, full-time automatic monitoring is realized, and the method has important significance in improving flood control and disaster reduction, protecting water environment safety and the like.
In a further improvement, the remote terminal comprises a terminal server, a display and an early warning module. When the dangerous case happens or the dangerous case is predicted to happen, the early warning module gives an alarm, the server generates a message from the dangerous case information, and the message is sent to a hydrologic management worker and nearby residents to avoid danger and carry out necessary rescue work in time.
The solar energy and wind energy conversion device is characterized in that the energy supply assembly comprises a solar module, a wind power generation assembly and an energy storage battery, the solar module and the wind power generation assembly are electrically connected with the energy storage battery, and solar energy and wind energy are converted into electric energy to be stored in the battery. Through setting up solar module and wind power generation subassembly, do not need the external power supply, realize the energy self-sufficiency, the energy can be saved, and environmental protection.
Further improvement, the communication assembly is RTU private network communication or 5G network communication, keeps communication smooth and provides powerful guarantee for hydrologic acquisition data transmission.
Further improve, still include the emergent communication system of big dipper. When dangerous situations occur and the conventional communication equipment is damaged, the communication task cannot be completed. The Beidou emergency communication system is not affected by natural disasters, and under the emergency condition, the Beidou RDSS satellite communication function is used for constructing the communication system, one-to-one or one-to-many communication is realized, information is prompted to be sent in time, and the Beidou emergency communication system has practical significance on timeliness of dangerous case information transmission.
The measuring method based on the hydrological tower measuring system comprises the following steps:
s1: setting the reference water level to H 0 Measuring the contour of the riverbed under the reference water level by using a sonar detector to obtain the cross-sectional area S of the riverbed under the reference water level 0 And measuring different heights H above the reference water level i Corresponding river course width W i ，H i And W i Is in one-to-one correspondence, and H is measured i And W i Data fitting function f (H) i )→W i Storing the data in a database of a server, wherein the database also stores contact telephones of hydrologic management workers and nearby residents;
s2: establishing a hydrodynamic model according to the parameters in the step S1, wherein the hydrodynamic model comprises the end surface areas of the riverbed corresponding to different heights
S3: real-time monitoring river water level H by utilizing millimeter wave radar liquid level meter t And calculating the flow velocity V through the video image shot by the camera t Calculating the water flow cross-sectional area S corresponding to the water level at the moment according to the hydrodynamic model in the step S2 t To obtain the section flow Q t ＝V t ·S t When cross-sectional flow rate Q t Exceeds a set threshold Q 0 When the alarm is not sent, the alarm is sent out;
s4: the spectral water quality monitor monitors water quality, and periodically sends monitoring results to the server through the communication assembly, the server measures the water quality analysis results and the rainfall by the rain gauge in real time, and forecasts peak flow and peak reaching time to generate messages which are sent to hydrologic management workers and nearby residents.
In a further improvement, in step S3, extracting contours of the river, the river bank, and the river bank from the video image captured by the camera in real time, and determining a reference surface and a reference line;
extracting the pixel height of the pedestrian passing through the reference surface in the shot video image;
calculating the average pixel height of the effective pedestrians passing through the reference surface, and determining the actual length delta L of the unit pixel on the reference surface;
measuring and calculating relative pixel displacement L of floating objects near the reference line on the river surface between two frames of images in the monitored video image t (ii) a Using the two frame image interval time deltat in combination with the relative pixel shift L t And calculating the actual length Delta L of the unit pixel, and calculating the current velocity V of the river at the moment t ＝L t ΔL/Δt。
Because the height of the hydrological tower is high, the flow rate of water cannot be directly measured by the flow meter. According to the invention, the camera is adopted to shoot video images of the river channel and the periphery and send the video images to the controller, the image processing module of the controller extracts the outlines of the river channel, the river bank and the river bank from the images, determines the reference surface and the reference line, compares and calculates the flow rate, and transmits the flow rate to the remote terminal through the communication group, so that the calculation precision is high, and the efficiency is high.
In a further improvement, in the step S3, the millimeter wave radar level gauge monitors the river level H in real time t Sending the H to a server through a communication component, and sending the H received by the server t And represents the height H in the database i The values in the set are compared, and when the same data are found, the area S of the end surface of the river bed corresponding to the value of the height value is inquired i At this time, the area S i Namely the water flow section area S corresponding to the water level t Then S is t ＝S i To give H t →S t One-to-one correspondence relationship of (a).
Further improved, in the step S4, the spectrum water quality monitor has a spectrum band of 400-1000nm and a spectrum resolution of 1nm, performs non-contact in-situ monitoring, performs artificial intelligence inversion algorithm training, and monitors a plurality of ecological indexes including chlorophyll, total nitrogen TN, total phosphorus tefra, transparency, COD, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen NH3-N, and suspended matter concentration.
In a further improvement, in step S4, the peak flow and peak reaching time predicting method is used when the water level exceeds the set value H c Starting to calculate, calculating the section flow Q once every fixed time interval t Until when the section flow Q t Exceeds a set threshold Q 0 Calculating M cross-section flow values, fitting the M cross-section flow values into a curve, and calculating the flow rate of the cross-section according to the curve trend and the cross-section flow Q t To set a threshold value Q 0 And measuring a rain value by a rain gauge at the moment, and judging the peak flow and peak reaching time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the intelligent water gauge, the rain gauge, the millimeter wave radar level gauge, the camera and the spectrum water quality monitor are arranged on the hydrological tower, hydrological full-factor integrated real-time online monitoring is carried out, key information such as hydrological water quality and the like is accurately mastered, full-time automatic monitoring is realized, and the method has important significance in improving flood control and disaster reduction, protecting water environment safety and the like.
2. According to the invention, by arranging the Beidou emergency communication system, when dangerous situations occur and conventional communication equipment is damaged, the Beidou RDSS satellite communication function constructs the communication system, one-to-one or one-to-many communication is realized, information is promoted to be sent in time, and the Beidou emergency communication system has practical significance for the timeliness of dangerous situation information transmission.
3. According to the invention, the camera is adopted to shoot video images of the river channel and the periphery and send the video images to the controller, the image processing module of the controller extracts the outlines of the river channel, the river bank and the river bank from the images, determines the reference surface and the reference line, compares and calculates the flow rate, and transmits the flow rate to the remote terminal through the communication group, so that the calculation precision is high, and the efficiency is high.
4. According to the invention, the solar module and the wind power generation assembly are arranged, so that external power supply is not required, self-sufficiency of energy is realized, energy is saved, and the solar photovoltaic power generation assembly is environment-friendly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the hydrographic tower based measurement system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the measurement method of the invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in FIG. 1, the measuring system based on the hydrological tower comprises a hydrodynamic force measuring assembly, a water ecology measuring assembly, an energy supply assembly, a control module, a communication assembly and a remote terminal, wherein the hydrodynamic force measuring assembly, the water ecology measuring assembly, the energy supply assembly, the control module and the communication assembly are arranged on a hydrological tower body.
The hydrodynamic force measuring component comprises a smart water gauge, a rain gauge, a millimeter wave radar level gauge and a camera, wherein the smart water gauge, the rain gauge, the millimeter wave radar level gauge and the camera are arranged on the hydrological tower body.
The water ecology measuring system component comprises a spectrum water quality monitor.
Wisdom water gauge, pluviometer, millimeter wave radar level gauge, camera, spectrum water quality monitoring appearance all are connected with the control module electricity, and control module carries out the communication through wireless communication subassembly and remote terminal.
The energy supply subassembly is wisdom water gauge, rain gauge, millimeter wave radar level gauge, camera, spectrum water quality monitoring appearance and control module power supply.
According to the invention, the intelligent water gauge, the rain gauge, the millimeter wave radar level gauge, the camera and the spectrum water quality monitor are arranged on the hydrological tower, hydrological full-factor integrated real-time online monitoring is carried out, key information such as hydrological water quality and the like is accurately mastered, full-time automatic monitoring is realized, and the method has important significance in improving flood control and disaster reduction, protecting water environment safety and the like.
In this embodiment, the remote terminal includes a terminal server, a display, and an early warning module. When the dangerous case occurs or the dangerous case is predicted to occur, the early warning module gives an alarm, the server generates the dangerous case information into a message, the message is sent to a hydrologic management worker and nearby residents, and the risk avoidance and the necessary rescue work are carried out in time.
In this embodiment, the energy supply assembly includes a solar module, a wind power generation assembly and an energy storage battery, and the solar module and the wind power generation assembly are electrically connected with the energy storage battery to convert solar energy and wind energy into electric energy to be stored in the battery. Through setting up solar module and wind power generation subassembly, do not need the external power supply, realize the energy self-sufficiency, the energy can be saved, and environmental protection.
In other embodiments, the energy supply assembly may be a solar module or a wind power generation assembly, depending on the specific needs.
In this embodiment, the communication component is a 5G network communication and beidou emergency communication system. The communication is kept smooth, and powerful guarantee is provided for hydrologic acquisition data transmission. When dangerous situations occur and the conventional communication equipment is damaged, the communication task cannot be completed. And the Beidou emergency communication system is not influenced by natural disasters, and under an emergency condition, the Beidou RDSS satellite communication function is used for constructing the communication system, so that one-to-one or one-to-many communication is realized, information is promoted to be sent in time, and the Beidou emergency communication system has practical significance for the timeliness of dangerous case information transmission.
In other embodiments, the communication component is an RTU private network communication.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 2, the measurement method based on the above-mentioned hydrographic tower measurement system includes the following steps:
s1: setting the reference water level to H 0 Measuring the contour of the riverbed under the reference water level by using a sonar detector, measuring the corresponding width of the riverbed under different water depths, and obtaining the cross-sectional area S of the riverbed under the reference water level 0 And measuring different heights H above the reference water level i Corresponding river course width W i ，H i And W i In a one-to-one correspondence relationship f (H) i )→W i Storing the data in a database of a server, wherein the database also stores contact calls of hydrologic management workers and nearby residents;
s2: establishing a hydrodynamic model according to the parameters in the step S1, wherein the hydrodynamic model comprises the end surface areas of the riverbed corresponding to different heights
S3: real-time monitoring river water level H by utilizing millimeter wave radar liquid level meter t And calculating the flow velocity V through the video image shot by the camera t Calculating the water flow cross-sectional area S corresponding to the water level at the moment according to the hydrodynamic model in the step S2 t To obtain the section flow Q t ＝V t ·S t When cross-sectional flow rate Q t Exceeds a set threshold Q 0 When the alarm is not sent, the alarm is sent out;
s4: the spectral water quality monitor monitors water quality, and periodically sends monitoring results to the server through the communication assembly, the server measures the water quality analysis results and the rainfall by the rain gauge in real time, and forecasts peak flow and peak reaching time to generate messages which are sent to hydrologic management workers and nearby residents.
In this embodiment, in step S3, the contours of the river, the river bank, and the river bank are extracted from the video image captured by the camera in real time, and a reference surface and a reference line are determined;
extracting the pixel height of the pedestrian passing through the reference surface in the shot video image;
calculating the average pixel height of the effective pedestrians passing through the reference surface, and determining the actual length delta L of the unit pixel on the reference surface;
measurement and calculation monitorControlling the relative pixel displacement L of the floating object near the reference line on the river surface between two frames of images in the video image t (ii) a Using the two frame image interval time deltat in combination with the relative pixel shift L t And calculating the actual length Delta L of the unit pixel, and calculating the current velocity V of the river at the moment t ＝L t ΔL/Δt。
Because the height of the hydrological tower is high, the flow rate of water cannot be directly measured by the flow meter. According to the invention, the camera is adopted to shoot video images of the river channel and the periphery and send the video images to the controller, the image processing module of the controller extracts the outlines of the river channel, the river bank and the river bank from the images, determines the reference surface and the reference line, compares and calculates the flow rate, and transmits the flow rate to the remote terminal through the communication group, so that the calculation precision is high, and the efficiency is high.
In this embodiment, in the step S3, the millimeter wave radar level gauge monitors the river level H in real time t Sending the H to a server through a communication component, and sending the H received by the server t And represents the height H in the database i The values in the set are compared, and when the same data are found, the area S of the end surface of the river bed corresponding to the value of the height value is inquired i At this time, area S i Namely the water flow section area S corresponding to the water level t Then S is t ＝S i To obtain H t →S t One-to-one correspondence relationship of (a).
In this embodiment, in the step S4, the spectral water quality monitor is a hyperspectral water quality monitor, the spectral band is 400-1000nm, the spectral resolution is 1nm, the non-contact in-situ monitoring is performed, no chemical reagent is needed, artificial intelligence inversion algorithm training is performed on the areas such as the riverway and the like where water quality needs to be monitored, a plurality of ecological indexes including chlorophyll, total nitrogen TN, total phosphorus T fearfarance, transparency, COD, turbidity, NH3-N and suspended matter concentration are monitored, the monitoring interval time can be set to the second level, and on-site visible light video and picture information can be synchronously recorded.
In this embodiment, in the step S4, when the water level exceeds the set value H, the peak flow and the peak arrival time are predicted according to the method for predicting the peak flow and the peak arrival time c The calculation is started and every 5 minutesPrimary section flow rate Q t Until when the section flow Q t Exceeds a set threshold Q 0 Calculating M cross-section flow values, fitting the M cross-section flow values into a curve, and calculating the flow rate of the cross-section according to the curve trend and the cross-section flow Q t To set a threshold value Q 0 And measuring a rainfall value by a rain gauge at the moment, and judging the peak flow and peak arrival time.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical functional division, and there may be other divisions when the actual implementation is performed, and for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The measuring system based on the hydrological tower is characterized by comprising a hydrodynamic force measuring assembly, a water ecology measuring assembly, an energy supply assembly, a control module, a communication assembly and a remote terminal, wherein the hydrodynamic force measuring assembly, the water ecology measuring assembly, the energy supply assembly, the control module and the communication assembly are arranged on a hydrological tower body;
the hydrodynamic force measuring component comprises an intelligent water gauge, a rain gauge, a millimeter wave radar liquid level meter and a camera which are arranged on the hydrological tower body;
the water ecology measuring system component comprises a spectrum water quality monitor;
the intelligent water gauge, the rain gauge, the millimeter wave radar liquid level meter, the camera and the spectrum water quality monitor are all electrically connected with the control module, and the control module is communicated with the remote terminal through the wireless communication component;
the energy supply subassembly is wisdom water gauge, rain gauge, millimeter wave radar level gauge, camera, spectrum water quality monitoring appearance and control module power supply.
2. The hydrographic tower-based measurement system of claim 1, wherein the remote terminal comprises a terminal server, a display, and an early warning module.
3. The hydrographic tower-based measurement system of claim 1, wherein the energy supply component comprises a solar module, a wind power generation component and an energy storage battery, the solar module and the wind power generation component are electrically connected with the energy storage battery, and solar energy and wind energy are converted into electric energy to be stored in the battery.
4. The hydrographic tower-based measurement system of claim 1, wherein the communication component is RTU private network communication or 5G network communication.
5. The hydrographic tower-based measurement system of claim 1, further comprising a Beidou emergency communication system.
6. The measuring method of the hydrologic tower quantity system based on any one of the above 1-5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: setting the reference water level to H 0 Measuring the contour of the river bed below the reference water level by using a sonar detector to obtain the cross-sectional area S of the river bed below the reference water level 0 And measuring different heights H above the reference water level i Corresponding river course width W i ，H i And W i Is in one-to-one correspondence, and H is measured i And W i Data fitting function f (H) i )→W i Storing the data in a database of a server, wherein the database also stores contact telephones of hydrologic management workers and nearby residents;
s2: establishing a hydrodynamic model according to the parameters in the step S1, wherein the hydrodynamic model comprises riverbed end surface areas corresponding to different heights
S3: real-time monitoring river water level H by utilizing millimeter wave radar liquid level meter t And calculating the flow velocity V through the video image shot by the camera t Calculating the water flow cross-sectional area S corresponding to the water level at the moment according to the hydrodynamic model in the step S2 t To obtain the section flow Q t ＝V t ·S t When cross-sectional flow rate Q t Exceeds a set threshold Q 0 When the alarm is given out, an alarm is given out;
s4: the spectral water quality monitor monitors water quality, and regularly sends monitoring results to the server through the communication component, and the server measures the water quality analysis results and the rainfall in real time through the rainfall meter, and generates messages according to predicted peak flow and peak arrival time, and sends the messages to hydrologic management workers and nearby residents.
7. The measurement method according to claim 6, wherein in step S3, the contours of the river, the river bank, and the river bank are extracted from the video image captured by the camera in real time, and the reference surface and the reference line are determined;
extracting the pixel height of the pedestrian passing through the reference surface in the shot video image;
calculating the average pixel height of the effective pedestrians passing through the reference surface, and determining the actual length delta L of the unit pixel on the reference surface;
measuring and calculating relative pixel displacement L of floating objects near the reference line on the river surface between two frames of images in monitoring video image t (ii) a Using the two frame image interval time deltat in combination with the relative pixel shift L t And calculating the actual length Delta L of the unit pixel, and calculating the current velocity V of the river at the moment t ＝L t ΔL/Δt。
8. The measuring method according to claim 6, wherein in the step S3, the millimeter wave radar level gauge monitors the river level H in real time t Sending the H to a server through a communication component, and sending the H received by the server t And represents the height H in the database i The values in the set are compared, and when the same data are found, the area S of the end surface of the river bed corresponding to the value of the height value is inquired i At this time, area S i Namely the water flow section area S corresponding to the water level t Then S is t ＝S i To obtain H t →S t One-to-one correspondence relationship of (a).
9. The measurement method according to claim 5, wherein in the step S4, the spectral water quality monitor performs non-contact in-situ monitoring with a spectral band of 400-1000nm and a spectral resolution of 1nm to perform artificial intelligence inversion algorithm training and monitor a plurality of ecological indicators including chlorophyll, total nitrogen TN, total phosphorus Tf, transparency, COD, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen NH3-N and suspended matter concentration.
10. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S4, the peak flow and peak arrival time are predicted when the water level exceeds a set value H c Starting to calculate, calculating the section flow Q once every fixed time interval t Until when the section flow Q t Exceeds a set threshold Q 0 Calculating M cross-section flow values, fitting the M cross-section flow values into a curve, and calculating the flow rate of the cross-section according to the curve trend and the cross-section flow Q t To set a threshold value Q 0 And measuring a rain value by a rain gauge at the moment, and judging the peak flow and peak reaching time.
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