CN115093518A - Wave absorber with core-shell structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F285/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to preformed graft polymers
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- C08F292/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to inorganic materials
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- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wave absorbing materials, and discloses a wave absorbing agent with a core-shell structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wave absorbing agent comprises a core body and a shell material coated on the surface of the core body, the core body comprises an iron-based material and a carbon-based material, and the iron-based material comprises an iron-based core material and methyl methacrylate coated on the surface of the iron-based core material; the weight ratio of the core body: 1-8:2 of shell material, iron-based material: 1-5: 1 of carbon-based material, iron-based core material: methyl methacrylate-2-4: 1. According to the core-shell structure wave absorber, the wave absorber base material is processed and modified based on a mechanochemical method, the wave absorbing effect of the wave absorber is enhanced in a base material compounding mode and the like, a shell structure capable of improving impedance mismatching is formed on the surface of the base material through surface grafting, and finally the core-shell structure wave absorber with impedance matching and attenuation characteristics is obtained; and the processing process is simple and environment-friendly, and the problem of serious environmental pollution caused by large using amount of organic solution in the traditional wave-absorbing material modification processing is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wave-absorbing materials, in particular to a wave-absorbing agent with a core-shell structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of social science and technology, electronic equipment is widely popularized and applied, and electromagnetic wave radiation is generated along with the electronic equipment. Electromagnetic wave radiation not only can directly interfere with normal use of other equipment, but also can harm human health, ecological environment and the like. In order to reduce the harm caused by electromagnetic wave radiation, a wave-absorbing material capable of absorbing electromagnetic waves and consuming the electromagnetic waves in the form of heat energy or other forms or eliminating the electromagnetic waves due to interference is provided. The wave-absorbing material mainly comprises a wave-transmitting material and a wave-absorbing agent, wherein the wave-transmitting material is used as a carrier and can endow the material with certain mechanical properties or other properties; the wave absorber is the main body for dissipating the electromagnetic wave. The wave absorbing agent can be classified into dielectric loss type wave absorbing agent and magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent according to loss mechanism, and the dielectric loss type wave absorbing agent includes carbon material, Ag, TiO 2 And the like, the magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent includes magnetic metals, ferrites, carbonyl irons, and the like.
In practical application, the wave-absorbing material with better wave-absorbing performance needs to satisfy two conditions of 'impedance matching' and 'attenuation characteristic' at the same time. However, the dielectric loss type wave absorbers currently used generally have the following problems: it is difficult to satisfy both the impedance matching and the strong attenuation conditions, specifically: the content of the conductive filler is increased, so that strong loss of electromagnetic waves can be caused, but impedance mismatching between the surface of the material and air can be caused, the electromagnetic waves cannot enter the material and are absorbed, and the wave-absorbing performance is poor. In view of the above problems, the following solutions have been proposed: compounding a dielectric loss type wave absorbing agent and a magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent, and improving the impedance mismatch problem of the material by utilizing the synergistic effect of the dielectric loss type wave absorbing agent and the magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent, wherein the magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent is exposed outside and is easy to oxidize and corrode, and the dielectric material is easy to agglomerate to form a conductive channel; secondly, the wave-absorbing material is foamed, so that the impedance matching performance of the wave-absorbing material is improved, meanwhile, the multiple reflection of the electromagnetic waves in the holes is realized to increase the loss, and the foamed wave-absorbing material has the defect of overlarge thickness of the wave-absorbing material although the impedance matching and attenuation characteristics are considered.
Therefore, a wave absorber with better performance such as impedance matching and attenuation characteristics is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
at present, the existing dielectric loss type wave absorbing agent, magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent and dielectric loss type-magnetic loss type compound wave absorbing agent all have the problems that high impedance matching and high attenuation characteristics cannot be realized simultaneously, or when the two properties are considered, the wave absorbing material is too large in thickness, products are easy to agglomerate, and magnetic ions are easy to corrode.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a wave absorber with a core-shell structure, which comprises a core body and a shell material coated on the surface of the core body, wherein the core body comprises an iron-based material and a carbon-based material, and the iron-based material comprises an iron-based core material and methyl methacrylate coated on the surface of the iron-based core material; the weight ratio of the core body: 1-8:2 of shell material, iron-based material: 1-5: 1 of carbon-based material, iron-based core material: methyl methacrylate-2-4: 1.
Preferably, the iron-based material is one or more of ferrite and hydroxyl iron.
Preferably, the carbon-based material is one or more of carbon black, carbon nanotubes and graphite.
Preferably, the iron-based material is Fe 3 O 4 The carbon-based material is carbon black and Fe in mass ratio 3 O 4 : methyl methacrylate: carbon black: the shell material is 20:7:9: 24.
Preferably, the iron-based material further comprises an initiator, and the initiator is: methyl methacrylate-1: 80-120.
A preparation method of the wave absorber with the core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a polymer of the iron-based core material and methyl methacrylate, and recording the polymer as Fe-g-MMA;
s2, uniformly mixing Fe-g-MMA and the carbon-based material to obtain a compound of Fe-g-MMA and the carbon-based material, and recording the compound as Fe-C;
s3, adding acrylate into the Fe-C, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain the wave absorbing agent with the core-shell structure.
Preferably, in step S3, ball milling is performed by using a ball mill, the ball milling time is 1.5-2.5h, and the rotation speed of the ball mill is 400-600 rpm.
Preferably, the ball milling medium adopts stainless steel balls, and the mass ratio of the stainless steel balls: and (3) ball milling materials are 12-18: 1.
Preferably, the stainless steel ball has a diameter of 4-10 mm.
Preferably, the preparation of the polymer of the iron-based core material and methyl methacrylate comprises the steps of:
s1.1, purifying methyl methacrylate;
s1.2, premixing the purified methyl methacrylate and the iron-based core material according to a mass ratio to obtain a premix;
s1.3, adding an initiator into the premix, mixing and ball-milling for 5 hours.
The technical mechanism adopted by the invention is as follows:
the wave absorbent base material with wave absorption performance is wrapped by the high polymer material to form the wave absorbent with the core-shell structure, which has the advantages of strong chemical stability, easy realization of broadband absorption and the like, so as to solve the problem of poor comprehensive performance of the existing wave absorbent.
Specifically, the dielectric loss wave absorber and the magnetic loss wave absorber are compounded, and the two are combined to play a synergistic effect, so that the impedance matching performance of the material can be improved. Based on the above-mentioned mode of compounding and synergizing wave-absorbing agent base material, the surface of the compounded composite particles is coated with insulating elastic high-molecular material to form the wave-absorbing agent with hard core-soft shell core-shell structure, so that the impedance matching is improved, the interface polarization loss is introduced, and the wave-absorbing performance is improved.
Among them, in the dielectric loss type wave absorbing agent, the Carbon material has the advantages of light weight, oxidation resistance, thermal stability, high dielectric loss, etc., such as Carbon Black (CB), Carbon nanotube, etc., and is widely used in the polymer composite wave absorbing material; fe 3 O 4 The composite material has the characteristics of low cost, high magnetic loss and the like, is also commonly used as a magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent, is compounded with a dielectric loss type wave absorbing agent, and can widen the absorption bandwidth. Using the above CB and Fe 3 O 4 Compounding to obtain Fe with high impedance matching performance 3 O 4 -CB composite particles.
Acrylic ester (ACR) is a high molecular material with low dielectric constant, and ACR is used for wrapping the magnetic particles Fe which are easy to oxidize and corrode 3 O 4 Fe obtained by compounding with high-dielectric wave absorber CB 3 O 4 -CB composite particles: on one hand, the problem that impedance mismatch between the surface of the material and the air is improved by avoiding the formation of a conductive network due to the mutual overlapping of CB particles; on the other hand, can be to Fe 3 O 4 Has the protection function. In addition, ACR has high elasticity, and can improve CB and Fe of inorganic particles 3 O 4 And the compatibility with a polymer matrix, thereby improving the mechanical property of the composite wave-absorbing material.
And since CB is an oily material, and Fe 3 O 4 Is an aqueous material, thus, CB is mixed with Fe 3 O 4 Before compounding, firstly Fe is added 3 O 4 Carrying out modification processing: to Fe 3 O 4 Surface introduction of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) by grafting to increase Fe 3 O 4 The compatibility with ACR ensures that the ACR can be more effectively coated on the surface of the ACR; meanwhile, MMA is adopted to wrap Fe 3 O 4 Can slow down magnetic ion Fe 3 O 4 Oxidation of the surface progresses.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the core-shell structure wave absorber, the wave absorber base material is processed and modified based on a mechanochemical method, the wave absorbing effect of the wave absorber is enhanced in a base material compounding mode and the like, and a shell structure capable of improving impedance mismatch is formed on the surface of the base material through surface grafting, so that the core-shell structure wave absorber with impedance matching and attenuation characteristics is finally obtained; and the processing process is simple and environment-friendly, and the problem of serious environmental pollution caused by large using amount of organic solution in the traditional wave-absorbing material modification processing is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a core-shell wave absorber in example 1;
FIG. 2 shows Fe in example 1 3 O 4 -g-MMA absorption profile;
FIG. 3 is a wave-absorbing property chart of FC3@ A4 in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a wave-absorbing property chart of FC3@ A2 in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the wave absorbing properties of FC3@ A6 in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the wave absorbing properties of FC1@ A4 in example 4;
FIG. 7 is a wave-absorbing property chart of FC5@ A4 in example 5;
FIG. 8 is a wave-absorbing property chart of PT5@ A5 in example 6;
FIG. 9 is a wave-absorbing property chart of C @ A4 in comparative example 1;
FIG. 10 is a wave-absorbing property diagram of FC in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The invention provides a core-shell structure wave absorber which comprises a core body and a shell material coated on the surface of the core body, wherein the core body comprises an iron-based material and a carbon-based material, and the iron-based material comprises an iron-based core material and methyl methacrylate coated on the surface of the iron-based core material; the weight ratio of the core body: 1-8:2 of shell material, iron-based material: 1-5: 1 of carbon-based material, iron-based core material: methyl methacrylate-2-4: 1.
Wherein the iron-based material is one or more of ferrite and hydroxyl iron; the carbon-based material is one or more of carbon black, carbon nano tubes and graphite; the iron-based material also comprises an initiator, and the initiator comprises the following components in percentage by mass: methyl methacrylate is 1: 80-120.
Secondly, the invention also provides a preparation method of the wave absorber with the core-shell structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a polymer of the iron-based core material and methyl methacrylate, and recording the polymer as Fe-g-MMA;
s2, uniformly mixing Fe-g-MMA and the carbon-based material to obtain a compound of Fe-g-MMA and the carbon-based material, and recording the compound as Fe-C;
s3, adding acrylate into the Fe-C, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain a wave absorbing agent with a core-shell structure;
the preparation method of the polymer of the iron-based core material and the methyl methacrylate in the S1 comprises the following steps:
s1.1, purifying methyl methacrylate;
s1.2, premixing the purified methyl methacrylate and the iron-based core material according to a mass ratio to obtain a premix;
s1.3, adding an initiator into the premix, mixing and ball-milling for 5 hours.
In the invention, the ball milling can adopt a common ball mill, the ball milling time is controlled to be 1.5-2.5h, and the rotating speed of the ball mill is 400-600 rpm; wherein, the ball-milling medium adopts stainless steel balls, the diameter of the stainless steel balls is 4-10mm, and the mass ratio of the stainless steel balls is as follows: and (3) grinding the materials in a ratio of 12-18: 1.
In the invention, the methyl methacrylate and Fe after purification treatment are adopted firstly 3 O 4 Mixing to obtain oily polymer Fe 3 O 4 -g-MMA, making it possible to bind directly to acrylates; then adding Fe 3 O 4 Mixing and compounding-g-MMA and carbon black to obtain a compounded product Fe 3 O 4 -CB improves impedance matching by coupling, and Fe is magnetic 3 O 4 -g-MMA also has a magnetic loss effect on electromagnetic waves; backward direction of Fe 3 O 4 Introducing acrylic ester on the surface of the-CB to ensure that the acrylic ester is wrapped in the compound product Fe 3 O 4 The surface of CB, the resulting wave absorber being Fe 3 O 4 -g-MMA @ ACR, CB @ ACR and Fe 3 O 4 -g-MMA-CB @ ACRMixture, and ACR exposed on the surface of the three mixed wave absorber with the core-shell structure or Fe not coated by ACR 3 O 4 Interface polarization occurs between g-MMA and CB, so that electromagnetic waves are absorbed to a greater extent after multiple reflections; can avoid the formation of conductive network among carbon black particles to improve the impedance mismatch problem and alleviate Fe 3 O 4 The surface oxidation process of (1).
< example >
Example 1
The embodiment provides a wave absorber with a core-shell structure, which comprises a core body and a shell material (the structure is shown in fig. 1) coated on the surface of the core body; by mass, 10g of Fe 3 O 4 4.5g of carbon black, 3.5g of methyl methacrylate and 12g of acrylate, and 0.035g of potassium persulfate. Wherein the iron-based core material is Fe 3 O 4 The carbon-based material is carbon black, the shell material is acrylate, and the initiator is potassium persulfate.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the wave absorber with the core-shell structure, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 preparation of Fe 3 O 4 Polymers with methyl methacrylate, noted Fe 3 O 4 -g-MMA；
S2 mixing Fe 3 O 4 -g-MMA was mixed with carbon black to give Fe 3 O 4 The combination of g-MMA and carbon black, noted Fe 3 O 4 -CB；
S3 to Fe 3 O 4 Adding acrylate into CB, mixing uniformly, putting into a low-temperature planetary ball mill, and performing ball milling at room temperature to obtain a core-shell structure wave absorber FC3@ A4;
wherein Fe is prepared 3 O 4 A polymer with methyl methacrylate comprising the steps of:
s1.1, methyl methacrylate is purified:
firstly, preparing 0.05g/m of NaOH aqueous solution;
weighing 200 mM LMMA, pouring into a separating funnel, weighing 40 mM NaOH aqueous solution, pouring into the separating funnel, oscillating, standing until layering, discarding the lower red washing liquid, and repeating the operation until the lower washing liquid is colorless; washing with deionized water until the lower layer washing liquid is neutral;
pouring the upper layer liquid of MMA cleaned in the step II into a beaker from the upper opening, adding 20g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, standing for half an hour, and filtering by using a triangular funnel to obtain the MMA with water removed;
fourthly, the mixture is distilled under reduced pressure.
S1.2 mixing purified methyl methacrylate and Fe 3 O 4 Premixing according to the mass ratio to obtain a premix;
s1.3, adding the premix and potassium persulfate into a low-temperature planetary ball mill together, and carrying out ball milling for 5 hours at room temperature.
In step S3, a low-temperature ball mill is used for ball milling, the ball milling time is 2 hours, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 500rpm, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls with a diameter of 6.5mm, the ball milling material is 13.535g by mass, and the weight of the stainless steel balls is 203.025 g.
Fe is measured by a vector network analyzer by adopting a coaxial method 3 O 4 Wave-absorbing Properties of g-MMA (as shown in FIG. 2), lowest reflection loss RL min Is-20.01 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 2.76 GHz; and wave-absorbing properties of FC3@ A4 (as shown in FIG. 3), lowest reflection loss RL min Is-34.37 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.93 GHz. Wherein, when the wave-absorbing performance is measured, the thickness of a sample to be measured is 2.2mm, and Fe 3 O 4 -g-MMA, FC3@ A4 at a loading of 20 wt.% in paraffin wax.
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 4, this example is different from example 1 in that this example provides a core-shell structure wave absorber including 10g of Fe by mass 3 O 4 4.5g of carbon black, 3.5g of methyl methacrylate, 4.5g of acrylic ester and 0.035g of potassium persulfate, and finally the wave absorbing agent FC3@ A2 with the core-shell structure is prepared, and the wave absorbing performance (shown in figure 4) of FC3@ A2 and the lowest reflection loss RL are measured min Is-21.76 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.45 GHz.
Example 3
As shown in FIG. 5, this example is different from example 1 in that this example provides a core-shell structure wave absorber including 10g of Fe by mass 3 O 4 4.5g of carbon black, 3.5g of methyl methacrylate, 27g of acrylic ester and 0.035g of potassium persulfate, and finally obtaining the wave absorbing agent FC3@ A6 with the core-shell structure, and measuring the wave absorbing performance (shown in figure 5) and the lowest reflection loss RL of FC3@ A6 min Is-18.10 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 6.39 GHz.
Example 4
As shown in FIG. 6, this example is different from example 1 in that this example provides a core-shell structure wave absorber including 6.67g of Fe by mass 3 O 4 9g of carbon black, 2.33g of methyl methacrylate, 12g of acrylic ester and 0.0233g of potassium persulfate to finally prepare the core-shell structure wave absorber FC1@ A4, and the wave absorbing performance (shown in figure 6) of the FC1@ A4 and the minimum reflection loss RL min Is-18.12 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.41 GHz.
Example 5
As shown in FIG. 7, this example is different from example 1 in that this example provides a core-shell structure wave absorber including 11.11g by mass of Fe 3 O 4 3g of carbon black, 3.89g of methyl methacrylate, 12g of acrylic ester and 0.0389g of potassium persulfate to finally prepare the core-shell structure wave absorber FC5@ A4, and the wave absorbing performance (shown in figure 7) of FC5@ A4 and the minimum reflection loss RL min Is-38.60 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.81 GHz.
Example 6
As shown in FIG. 8, this example is different from example 1 in that this example provides a core-shell structure wave absorber, which comprises, by mass, 10g of carbonyl iron, 2.6g of CNT, 3g of methyl methacrylate, 15.6g of acrylic ester and 0.03g of potassium persulfate, and finally obtains a core-shell structure wave absorber PT5@ A5, and measures the wave absorbing performance (shown in FIG. 8) and the lowest reflection loss RL of PT5@ A5 min Is-20.08 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 6.21 GHz.
< comparative example >
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the core body includes only one of an iron-based material or a carbon-based material. Specifically, 4.5g of carbon black and 3g of acrylate are included, the core-shell structure wave-absorbing material C @ A4 is finally prepared, the wave-absorbing performance is determined by the same method (as shown in figure 9), and the lowest reflection loss RL is obtained min Is-11.50 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 0.26 GHz. The comparison result can find that: the wave absorbing agent prepared in the comparative example has wave absorbing performance obviously weaker than that of the wave absorbing agent in the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example is different from example 1 in that the wave absorbing agent is only a mixture including an iron-based material and a carbon-based material, and does not include a shell material covering the surface of the mixture. Specifically, 10gFe was included 3 O 4 And 4.5g of carbon black are blended together to obtain the composite wave absorbing agent FC, the wave absorbing performance (shown in figure 10) and the lowest reflection loss RL are also measured by the same method min Is-8.37 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 0 GHz. The comparison result can find that: the wave absorbing agent prepared in the comparative example has wave absorbing performance obviously weaker than that of the wave absorbing agent in the example 1, and the iron-based material or the carbon-based material is easily damaged and loses efficacy in the using process, so that the absorption of electromagnetic waves cannot be realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The wave absorber with the core-shell structure is characterized by comprising a core body and a shell material coated on the surface of the core body, wherein the core body comprises an iron-based material and a carbon-based material, and the iron-based material comprises an iron-based core material and methyl methacrylate coated on the surface of the iron-based core material;
the core body comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-8:2 of shell material, iron-based material: 1-5: 1 of carbon-based material, iron-based core material: methyl methacrylate-2-4: 1.
2. The wave absorber with the core-shell structure according to claim 1, wherein the iron-based material is one or more of ferrite and hydroxyl iron.
3. The wave absorber with core-shell structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the carbon-based material is one or more of carbon black, carbon nanotubes and graphite.
4. The wave absorber with core-shell structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the iron-based material is Fe 3 O 4 The carbon-based material is carbon black and Fe in mass ratio 3 O 4 : methyl methacrylate: carbon black: the shell material is 20:7:9: 24.
5. The wave absorber with the core-shell structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the iron-based material further comprises an initiator, and the initiator comprises, by mass: methyl methacrylate is 1: 80-120.
6. A preparation method of the wave absorbing agent with the core-shell structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a polymer of the iron-based core material and methyl methacrylate, and recording the polymer as Fe-g-MMA;
s2, uniformly mixing Fe-g-MMA and the carbon-based material to obtain a compound of Fe-g-MMA and the carbon-based material, and recording the compound as Fe-C;
s3, adding acrylate into the Fe-C, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain the wave absorbing agent with the core-shell structure.
7. The preparation method of the wave absorber with the core-shell structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S3, a ball mill is used for ball milling, the ball milling time is 1.5-2.5h, and the rotation speed of the ball mill is 400-600 rpm.
8. The preparation method of the wave absorber with the core-shell structure according to claim 7, wherein the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, and the mass ratio of the stainless steel balls is as follows: and (3) ball milling materials are 12-18: 1.
9. The preparation method of the wave absorber with the core-shell structure according to claim 8, wherein the diameter of the stainless steel ball is 4-10 mm.
10. The preparation method of the wave absorber with the core-shell structure according to claim 6, wherein the preparation of the polymer of the iron-based core material and the methyl methacrylate comprises the following steps:
s1.1, purifying methyl methacrylate;
s1.2, premixing the purified methyl methacrylate and the iron-based core material according to a mass ratio to obtain a premix;
s1.3, adding an initiator into the premix, mixing and ball-milling for 5 hours.
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