CN114891150A - Super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C10G33/00—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
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Abstract
The invention relates to a super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier, a preparation method and an application thereof. The synthesized copolymer has a lower RSN value and better oil solubility, can not only have strong interaction with an asphaltene network at an oil-water interface, but also change the density of heavy crude oil, can be well dispersed in super-thick oil, quickly reaches the oil-water interface, destroys the asphaltene and a colloid layer at the oil-water interface, enables water drops to gather and sink, has high oil-water separation and emulsion breaking efficiency, and can effectively reduce the viscosity of an emulsion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of oilfield chemical preparations.
Background
With the continuous exploitation of oil and gas, the energy crisis in the world is getting more and more serious. Some crude oil which is easy to be exploited and has better quality is less and less, so thickened oil resources with higher exploitation difficulty and rich reserves are more and more valued. However, the current heavy oil still faces a plurality of difficulties, for example, the demulsification and dehydration problem of the super heavy oil production fluid is one of the problems, and the gathering and transportation problem of the super heavy oil is severely restricted.
The thick oil in China is divided into common thick oil, extra thick oil and super thick oil by taking the viscosity of crude oil as a first index and the relative density as an auxiliary index, wherein the viscosity of the super thick oil (50 ℃) is more than 50000mPa & s. Due to the existence of a large amount of natural emulsifier colloid and asphaltene, the formed emulsion has a stable structure, so that the requirement on the demulsification temperature of the super-thick oil emulsion is high, and the requirement on the addition amount of the demulsifier is high. The demulsifier is a surface active substance which can destroy the structure of the emulsion so as to achieve the aim of separating each phase in the emulsion. Crude oil demulsification refers to separating oil from water in crude oil emulsion by using the chemical action of a demulsifier, so that the purpose of crude oil dehydration is achieved, and the water content meets the requirement so as to ensure the water content standard of crude oil output.
At present, the effect of most of super-thick oil demulsifiers is not ideal, and due to the high viscosity and the high stability of super-thick oil emulsions, the demulsification temperature is up to more than 90 ℃, and the problems of low demulsifier diffusion speed and difficulty in water droplet coalescence exist, so that the demulsification speed is low, the using amount of the demulsifiers is large, the demulsification effect is poor, and the problem of high water content of thick oil after oil-water separation exists.
Chinese patent document CN101525398 discloses a novel high molecular polymer for crude oil demulsification. The technical scheme is as follows: placing monomers A, B and C in a polymerization reactor protected by nitrogen, adding an organic solvent, heating to 50-150 ℃, dropwise adding an organic solvent solution of an initiator, reacting for 4-20 hours, precipitating a polymer, refining, filtering and drying; the monomer A is one or two of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide or methacrylamide; the monomer B is one or two of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate or isooctyl methacrylate; the monomer C is an acrylic acid long-chain alkyl derivative; the molar ratio of the monomer C, A to the monomer B is 1: 3-6: 5-11; the amount of the initiator is 0.05-5.0% of the total weight of the monomer A, B and the monomer C. The demulsifier aims at oil-in-water type common crude oil with the water content of 70 percent, has extremely poor demulsification effect on water-in-oil type super-heavy oil with the viscosity (50 ℃) of more than 50000mPa & s, but along with the increasing attention paid to the exploitation of the super-heavy oil, the high viscosity, the high stability and the component diversity of the super-heavy oil are added, the variety and the number of the super-heavy oil demulsifier in the current market can not meet the market requirements far, and the development of the efficient and stable super-heavy oil demulsifier is more and more important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier and a preparation method and application thereof.
The demulsifier can effectively demulsify ultra-thick oil and effectively reduce the viscosity of the ultra-thick oil, and has high demulsification efficiency and good stability.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the chemical structure of the demulsifier for the copolymer of the super heavy oil is shown as the following formula (I):
wherein x is 200-1000, and y is 700-1200.
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier comprises the following steps:
(1) adding monomer isobutyl acrylate and N, N-dimethylacrylamide into a reaction solvent, and uniformly stirring at 20-30 ℃;
(2) adding an initiator azobisisobutyronitrile into the reaction system, wherein N is 2 Heating the system under protection, and reacting for 8-24 h to initiate free radical polymerization;
(3) after the polymerization reaction is finished, precipitating and washing with petroleum ether, and then keeping the temperature in a vacuum drying oven until the weight of a polymerization product is constant to obtain the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier.
According to the present invention, in the step (1), the reaction solvent is any one or a combination of two or more of ethanol, toluene, xylene, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform.
Preferably, in the step (1), the total mass of the isobutyl acrylate and the N, N-dimethylacrylamide accounts for 20-50 wt% of the total mass of the reaction system.
The total mass of the reaction system is the sum of the mass of the reaction solvent, the monomer isobutyl acrylate and the N, N-dimethylacrylamide.
According to the invention, in the step (1), the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide is (2-6): 1.
more preferably, in the step (1), the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide is (2-5): 1.
most preferably, in the step (1), the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide is (2-3): 1.
in the experimental process, the invention unexpectedly discovers that the monomer selection and the monomer proportion are crucial to super-heavy oil demulsification, and when the molar ratio of the isobutyl acrylate to the N, N-dimethylacrylamide is (1-6): 1, the obtained copolymer has a proper RSN value and good oil solubility, can be used for efficiently demulsifying super-thick oil, and particularly has a molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide (2-3): 1, the demulsification efficiency of the copolymer on the super-heavy oil is highest, and when the molar ratio of the isobutyl acrylate to the N, N-dimethylacrylamide is more than 5: at 1 hour, the demulsification efficiency is reduced.
According to the invention, in step (2), the addition amount of azobisisobutyronitrile is preferably 0.5-2% of the total mass of isobutyl acrylate and N, N-dimethylacrylamide.
According to the invention, in the step (2), the reaction temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃.
According to the invention, in the step (3), the vacuum drying temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 24-48 h.
The reaction formula of the invention is as follows:
an ultra-thick oil copolymer demulsifier is prepared by the method.
The application of the demulsifier of the copolymer of the super-thick oil is used as the demulsifier in the super-thick oil of Liaohe with the viscosity (50 ℃) of more than 140000 mPas, the addition amount is 300-500ppm, and the dehydration rate reaches more than 90 percent.
The invention has the technical characteristics and advantages that:
the super heavy oil demulsifier disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, easy in raw material obtaining, small in medicament addition amount and good in demulsification effect. Due to the existence of a large amount of asphaltene and colloid, hydrogen bonds are formed among atoms, and aromatic condensed ring plane accumulation is formed, and the interaction of various interaction forces causes the high viscosity state of the super heavy oil, so that the super heavy oil is more difficult to treat than a common crude oil emulsion, and the crude oil demulsification difficulty is increased. The invention takes isobutyl acrylate as a hydrophobic monomer and N, N-dimethylacrylamide as a hydrophilic monomer, and the synthesized copolymer has a lower RSN value (RSN is 3-9), has better oil solubility, can not only have strong interaction with an asphaltene network at an oil-water interface, but also change the density of heavy crude oil, can be better dispersed in super-thick oil, can quickly reach the oil-water interface, destroys the asphaltene and a colloidal layer at the oil-water interface, ensures that water drops gather and sink, separates oil from water, has high demulsification efficiency, and can effectively reduce the viscosity of emulsion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the NMR spectrum of the copolymer of isobutyl acrylate-N, N-dimethylacrylamide in example 1.
FIG. 2 is an IR spectrum of the isobutyl acrylate-N, N-dimethylacrylamide copolymer in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a thermogravimetric analysis of the isobutyl acrylate-N, N-dimethylacrylamide copolymer of the example.
FIG. 4 shows the dewatering of various demulsifiers for copolymers of ultra-heavy oil at various times.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the implementable scope of the present invention.
The isobutyl acrylate and N, N-dimethylacrylamide used in the examples are all commercially available and conventional in the art.
Example 1
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier comprises the following steps:
mixing 2.69g of isobutyl acrylate, 0.69g of N, N-dimethylacrylamide and 13g of toluene, wherein the molar ratio of the isobutyl acrylate to the N, N-dimethylacrylamide is 3:1, uniformly mixing under stirring by magnetons, introducing nitrogen for 30min, adding 33.8mg of Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), heating to 72 ℃, reacting for 10h, precipitating and washing by using petroleum ether, and drying to obtain about 3.02g of a product, namely the super-thick oil copolymer demulsifier.
The chemical structure is shown as the following formula (I):
product characterization
1. Characterization of nuclear magnetic resonance
To identify whether the synthesized polymer corresponds to the structure of the designed product, the structure of the product of example 1 was determined by Bruker AVANCE 400MHz NMR and the results are shown in fig. 1. Wherein δ: 0.92ppm is the methyl proton peak on isobutyl acrylate monomer, δ: 3.8ppm is the methylene proton peak on isobutyl acrylate monomer, δ: 2.9ppm is the methyl proton peak of the N, N-dimethylacrylamide monomer.
2. Infrared characterization
The structure of the product of example 1 was measured by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer model Tensor27 from Burker, Germany, and the results are shown in FIG. 2. Wherein 2959cm -1 ，2883cm -1 Is positioned at C-H telescopic vibration absorption peak, 1729cm -1 The characteristic peak of ester group of isobutyl acrylate monomer is at 1642cm -1 The peak is the characteristic peak of the amide of the N, N-dimethylacrylamide monomer. Combination drawing1 and 2, the synthesis of the target product isobutyl acrylate-N, N-dimethylacrylamide copolymer can be obtained.
3. Thermogravimetric analysis
FIG. 3 is a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) profile of the isobutyl acrylate-N, N-dimethylacrylamide copolymer synthesized in example 1. It can be seen that the decomposition temperature is about 390 ℃ (generally, 10% decomposition corresponds to the initial decomposition temperature, 50% to the broad decomposition temperature, and 90% to the complete decomposition temperature). Therefore, the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier obtained by the invention has high thermal stability.
Example 2
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 is the same, except that: ethanol was used instead of toluene.
Example 3
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 is the same, except that: xylene was used instead of toluene.
Example 4
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 is the same, except that: isobutyl acrylate was used in an amount of 2.88g, N, N-dimethylacrylamide in an amount of 0.45g and the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide was 5: 1.
Example 5
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 is the same, except that: isobutyl acrylate was used in an amount of 2.82g, N, N-dimethylacrylamide in an amount of 0.55g and the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide was 4: 1.
Example 6
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 is the same, except that: isobutyl acrylate was used in an amount of 2.44g and N, N-dimethylacrylamide in an amount of 0.94 g. The molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide was 2: 1.
Example 7
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 is the same, except that: the amount of isobutyl acrylate used was 1.92g, the amount of N, N-dimethylacrylamide was 1.49g and the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide was 1: 1.
Example 8
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 is the same, except that: the amount of toluene used was 8 g.
Example 9
The preparation method of the demulsifier for copolymer of ultra-thick oil described in example 1 is the same, except that: the amount of toluene used was 5 g.
Example 10
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 is the same, except that: the amount of azobisisobutyronitrile used was 16.9 mg.
Example 11
The preparation method of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 is the same, except that: the amount of azobisisobutyronitrile used was 27.04 mg.
Performance testing
Aiming at the above embodiments, according to a SY/T5281-2000 crude oil demulsifier use performance detection method (in-bottle test method), the dehydration effect of the demulsifier for the ultra-thick oil obtained in each embodiment is evaluated, when the temperature is 80 ℃, the ultra-thick oil in Liaohe river is taken as a processing object, and the dehydration rates of the evaluation object at different times of 60min, 120min and 210min are recorded and compared respectively.
Table 1 evaluation of demulsification Effect of the products of the examples
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, in example 6, the monomers are isobutyl acrylate and N, N-dimethylacrylamide, and the molar ratio is 2:1, the dehydration rate of the demulsifier is 47.07% at demulsification time of 60min, 92.69% at demulsification time of 210min, and the viscosity of the crude oil emulsion after demulsification is reduced from more than 140000 mPas to 7385 mPas at 50 ℃. The super heavy oil demulsifier disclosed by the invention can be well dispersed in super heavy oil, quickly reaches an oil-water interface, destroys asphaltene and a colloidal layer, has a good demulsification effect and a high dehydration rate, and can effectively reduce the viscosity of an emulsion.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 was the same, except that:
the copolymer obtained was compared with the present invention by replacing isobutyl acrylate with butyl acrylate.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 was the same, except that:
instead of isobutyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate was used and the copolymer obtained was compared with the invention.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 was the same, except that:
the copolymer obtained was compared with the present invention by substituting hydroxyethyl acrylate for N, N-dimethylacrylamide.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 was the same, except that:
the copolymer obtained was compared with the present invention by substituting acrylic acid for N, N-dimethylacrylamide.
Comparative example 5
The preparation method of the copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 was the same, except that:
the copolymer obtained by replacing isobutyl acrylate with butyl acrylate and replacing N, N-dimethylacrylamide with hydroxyethyl acrylate was compared with the present invention.
Comparative example 6
The preparation method of the copolymer demulsifier described in example 1 was the same, except that:
instead of isobutyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate instead of N, N-dimethylacrylamide were used to obtain copolymers which are comparable to the invention.
Experimental example:
1. the molecular weights of the demulsifiers for the copolymers of ultra-heavy oils obtained in example 1 and examples 4 to 7 are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 demulsifier molecular weight
2. The dehydration conditions of the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier obtained in example 1 and examples 4-7 at different times are shown in FIG. 4, and as can be seen from FIG. 4, the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide is (2-3): 1, the demulsification efficiency of the copolymer on the super-heavy oil is highest, and when the molar ratio of the isobutyl acrylate to the N, N-dimethylacrylamide is more than 5: at 1 hour, the demulsification efficiency is reduced.
3. The copolymer demulsifiers obtained in comparative examples 1 to 6 exhibited the following dehydration conditions in the demulsification of super heavy oil for 2 hours in Table 3.
TABLE 3
| |
|
2h dehydration rate/%) |
| Acrylic acid butyl ester | N, N-dimethylacrylamide | 22.90 |
| Octadecyl acrylate | N, N-dimethylacrylamide | 6.3 |
| Acrylic acid isobutyl ester | Acrylic acid hydroxy ethyl ester | 39.61 |
| Acrylic acid isobutyl ester | Acrylic acid | 7.14 |
| Acrylic acid butyl ester | Acrylic acid hydroxy ethyl ester | 42.25 |
| Octadecyl acrylate | Acrylic acid hydroxy ethyl ester | 1.43 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the 2h dehydration rate of the copolymer demulsifier to the ultra-thick oil obtained by the replacement of the monomers is obviously lower than that of the copolymer demulsifier of the invention, and the demulsification effect is far lower than that of the copolymer demulsifier of the invention.
Although the embodiments disclosed in the present application are described above, the descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The chemical structure of the demulsifier for the copolymer of the super heavy oil is shown as the following formula (I):
wherein x is 200-1000, and y is 700-1200.
2. The method for preparing the demulsifier for copolymer of ultra-thick oil according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding monomer isobutyl acrylate and N, N-dimethylacrylamide into a reaction solvent, and uniformly stirring at 20-30 ℃;
(2) adding an initiator azobisisobutyronitrile into the reaction system, wherein N is 2 Heating the system under protection, and reacting for 8-24 h to initiate free radical polymerization;
(3) after the polymerization reaction is finished, petroleum ether is used for precipitation and washing, and then the temperature is kept constant in a vacuum drying oven until the weight of a polymerization product is constant, so that the super heavy oil copolymer demulsifier is obtained.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the reaction solvent is any one or a combination of two or more of ethanol, toluene, xylene, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform.
4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the total mass of the isobutyl acrylate and the N, N-dimethylacrylamide accounts for 20-50 wt% of the total mass of the reaction system.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide is (2-6): 1.
6. the method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide is (2-5): 1.
7. the method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of isobutyl acrylate to N, N-dimethylacrylamide is (2-3): 1.
8. the preparation method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the addition amount of the azobisisobutyronitrile is 0.5-2% of the total mass of the isobutyl acrylate and the N, N-dimethylacrylamide, the reaction temperature is 60-80 ℃, and in the step (3), the vacuum drying temperature is 40-60 ℃ and the drying time is 24-48 h.
9. An ultra-heavy oil copolymer demulsifier prepared by the method of claim 2.
10. The use of the demulsifier for the copolymer of ultra-thick oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the demulsifier is used in the ultra-thick oil of Liaohe with viscosity (50 ℃) of more than 140000 mPas, the addition amount is 300-500ppm, and the dehydration rate is more than 90%.
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