CN114889124B - Rock mechanics experiment test piece preparation method - Google Patents
Rock mechanics experiment test piece preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114889124B CN114889124B CN202210563824.4A CN202210563824A CN114889124B CN 114889124 B CN114889124 B CN 114889124B CN 202210563824 A CN202210563824 A CN 202210563824A CN 114889124 B CN114889124 B CN 114889124B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 64
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
- B29B7/06—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/12—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
- B29B7/16—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with paddles or arms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
- B29B7/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/24—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/255—Enclosures for the building material, e.g. powder containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/364—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples using resins, epoxy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a rock mechanical experiment test piece, which is characterized by firstly constructing a rock test piece model with three-dimensional cracks inside, converting the rock test piece model into an STL file, introducing the STL file into a powder bonding forming 3d printer, printing out the rock test piece by adopting powder bonding forming, and then adjusting the strength of the test piece to meet the experiment simulation requirement. The invention can better simulate the actual conditions of the rock mass and the cracks thereof, and can better improve the precision and the applicability of rock mechanics test, so that the invention can be better applied to the construction guidance of rock mass engineering and improve the reliability and the safety of engineering construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock performance research, in particular to a method for preparing a rock mechanics experiment test piece.
Background
In real rock mass engineering such as tunneling exploration, rock mass with complex fracture structure is often encountered, and the rock mass is often used as a bearing structure in actual engineering. In order to smoothly carry out engineering and ensure the reliability of subsequent construction, the mechanical properties of the rock mass need to be detected, but are often subject to various field conditions, and in-situ tests of rock mechanics cannot be carried out. Only the mechanical property of the rock mass can be studied in a mode of simulating and developing a rock test piece.
For rock mass containing complex fracture structure, the traditional test rock test piece research method can not reproduce fracture structure capable of reflecting real situation in the test piece. Along with the popularization of 3D printing technology, the applicant considers that a rock test piece capable of reflecting the internal fracture condition of a rock body is obtained by adopting a 3D printing mode, and applies for a patent CN201811560021.3, and the patent discloses a preparation method of a filling type fracture network rock test piece based on the 3D printing technology, belonging to the technical field related to underground engineering experiments of civil engineering, water conservancy, mining and the like. Firstly, constructing a three-dimensional random fracture network model; converting the obtained model into an STL file; and leading into a 3D printer; printing a three-dimensional random fracture network model through a 3D printer; coating waterproof paint on the outer surface of the model; placing the three-dimensional random fracture network model in a parallel steel mold, pouring cement mortar into the steel mold with the three-dimensional random fracture network model placed therein, and vibrating uniformly; placing the cement mortar test piece and the steel mould into a standard curing box; degrading the three-dimensional random fracture network model; and (3) placing the degraded test piece in a standard curing box again for curing, and filling the three-dimensional random cracks of the cured test piece with required materials to finally obtain the filled crack network rock test piece.
However, the rock test piece preparation method of the patent adopts a soluble material 3D printing crack model, then adopts a steel mould to prepare a test piece, and then washes to remove the internal model of the test piece to obtain cracks. Thus, although the strength of the test piece is easy to control and simulate, the structural shape of the crack is easy to control and simulate, and the following defects still exist. 1, the crack model needs to be printed by means of a soluble material which can be degraded by water washing, so that the material is limited, and the crack model can be obtained only by adopting a printing mode of melt extrusion molding, and the molding precision of the crack model printed by the mode is lower; meanwhile, the fracture model is made of flexible materials, so that the fracture model is low in self hardness and often has the characteristic of long and thin fracture, and is easy to deform due to compression in the process of obtaining a rock test piece through subsequent pouring and forming, so that the shape error of the fracture is further amplified, and the simulation effect is greatly reduced. The crack model 2 needs to be washed by water dissolution later, so that the crack needs to be communicated with the outer surface of the test piece, and a communication opening cannot be too small, otherwise, the dissolution of the crack model is difficult to realize. However, in actual engineering, the cracks are often independently sealed in the rock mass, so that rock test pieces communicated with the cracks are often difficult to simulate and reflect real rock mass conditions, test results cannot effectively guide engineering application, and errors are large. The applicant considers that a rock mass test piece with a closed fracture structure can be obtained by directly printing the rock mass test piece in a 3D mode, but the structural strength of the rock mass is difficult to control by directly printing the rock mass test piece in a 3D mode, so that the rock mass test piece can simulate and reflect actual rock mass conditions, and particularly the rock mass with the fracture tends to have certain porosity, and simulation is difficult to form in the rock test piece in a pouring forming mode. 3, there is a case that the rock mass cracks encountered in the actual engineering often contain natural gas, shale gas and other gases therein and form gas pressure, and the existence of the crack gas and the gas pressure can have a great influence on the actual engineering. However, the test pieces used in the existing test cannot reflect the influence of the fracture gas, so that the test result has poor precision and poor applicability.
Therefore, how to provide a preparation method of a rock mechanical test sample, which can better simulate the actual condition of rock mass cracks, control the strength of a test piece and generate crack gas so as to better simulate the actual condition of the rock mass, improve the test precision and the applicability, and become the problems to be further considered and solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the rock mechanical experiment test piece preparation method can better simulate the actual conditions of the rock mass and the cracks thereof so as to improve the test precision and the applicability, so that the rock mechanical experiment test piece preparation method can be better applied to rock mass engineering construction guidance and improve the engineering construction reliability and safety.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a rock mechanical experiment test piece is characterized by firstly constructing a rock test piece model with three-dimensional cracks inside, converting the rock test piece model into an STL file, guiding the STL file into a powder bonding forming 3d printer, printing out the rock test piece by adopting powder bonding forming, and then adjusting the strength of the test piece to meet the experiment simulation requirement.
In this way, in the method, powder bonding forming 3d printing is adopted to directly print out the rock test piece with three-dimensional cracks inside, so that the crack precision inside the test piece can be better ensured, the actual crack situation of the rock mass can be better simulated and reflected, and the precision of the test result can be better ensured. Meanwhile, 3d printing is adopted for powder bonding forming, pores can be formed among the powders, and the strength of the component material is convenient to adjust, so that the component material meets the test simulation requirement. Therefore, the material strength of the test piece can be guaranteed to well meet the test simulation requirement, meanwhile, the crack precision in the test piece can be guaranteed to meet the test simulation requirement, and the test reliability is greatly improved.
Further, the three-dimensional fracture is in a closed state inside the rock test piece.
The sample method can also obtain a completely closed fracture, so that the actual fracture situation of the rock mass can be better simulated and reflected, and the applicability of the test is improved.
Further, during 3d printing, printing parameters are controlled so that uniform pores are formed among the printed powder particles, and the strength and the pores of the rock test piece are adjusted by injecting reinforcing materials into the pores.
Therefore, by controlling the particle size of the powder, the printing parameters and the like, pores can be formed in the printed product, and then the strength of the test piece is adjusted by adopting the mode of injecting the reinforcing material, so that the method is convenient and quick and is easy to implement.
Further, the powder bonding forming 3D printer adopts an S-MAX type 3D sand mold printer.
The printer is produced by Exone company in Germany, is a mature powder bonding forming 3D printer product, and is particularly suitable for 3D printing of a sand mould material preparation model test piece. Of course, other powder bond forming 3d printers may be used.
Further, the printing substrate takes quartz sand as a powder particle material, and furan resin glue as a binder glue material for printing.
The quartz sand is used as a powder particle material, the components of the quartz sand are silicon dioxide, and the quartz sand is consistent with the main components of the rock mass, so that the strength and the performance of a rock mass test piece prepared subsequently can be better ensured to correspond to the actual situation, and the test precision is improved. The furan resin glue is adopted as a glue material, and the furan resin belongs to thermosetting resin, and can be crosslinked and cured with each other without adding a curing agent when being heated. The acid catalyzes the curing reaction and also reduces the temperature required for thermal curing. According to the special requirements of the construction process, a catalytic curing agent can be introduced, and the catalyst can be rapidly crosslinked and cured at room temperature without heating. The low molecular substances are released during curing and crosslinking, so that the volume shrinkage rate is larger during curing, the extensibility is very low, the heat resistance is good, and the thermosetting temperature is higher. Therefore, the furan resin glue is adopted as a printing material, the curing effect can be improved and the curing temperature requirement can be reduced through acid catalysis, the printing fluidity is good after heating, the self-solidifying hardening is realized after cooling, the porosity of the generated material is high, the size of pores among the printing product powder can be conveniently adjusted in a temperature adjustment mode, the pores among the printing product powder are smaller when the printing temperature of the furan resin glue is higher, and the pores among the printing product powder are larger when the printing temperature of the furan resin glue is lower. In addition, the furan resin has good miscibility with a plurality of plasticizers, thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins, and is convenient for further adopting the thermosetting resins to adjust the pore size.
Further, the voids generated between the printed powder particles are greater than the actual porosity of the simulated subject rock mass.
Therefore, the porosity of the test piece can be further reduced and adjusted when the reinforcing material is injected in a follow-up mode, the actual porosity of the test piece is consistent with that of the rock mass to be simulated, the simulation effect is better improved, the test precision is improved, and the test piece can be better fed back to guide engineering construction.
Specifically, during 3D printing, the thickness of each layer of quartz sand grain material can be controlled to be 0.26-0.38 mm, the printing precision is 0.1 mm, and the diameter of quartz sand grains is uniformly distributed in the range of 0.074-0.147 mm.
The adoption of the parameter control is beneficial to the generation of the required porosity of the printed product.
Further, the concrete method for adjusting the strength and the pore space of the rock test piece is that thermosetting resin is adopted as a reinforcing material, the reinforcing material is mixed and dissolved in alcohol and then is injected into the pore space of the prefabricated rock test piece, the rock test piece is heated again to volatilize the alcohol and solidify the thermosetting resin, and the purpose of adjusting the pore space size and the strength of the rock test piece is achieved by adjusting the proportion of the alcohol, so that the test simulation requirement is met.
The thermoplastic property and the thermosetting property of the thermosetting resin can be flexibly adjusted by selecting different catalysts in the production process, the thermosetting resin can be well dissolved in alcohol, and the thermosetting resin can be conveniently injected into the pores of a rock test piece along with the alcohol; and then the alcohol is easily volatilized when heated at high temperature, so that the residual thermosetting resin remains in the rock test piece to be solidified and plays a role in strengthening the strength of the test piece. Therefore, the purpose of adjusting the pore size and strength of the test piece can be conveniently and flexibly achieved by adjusting the proportion of the alcohol, the final test piece is high in porosity when the proportion of the alcohol is large, and the test piece is low in porosity when the proportion of the alcohol is small, so that the strength and porosity parameters of the test piece can be adjusted to be close to those of actual conditions of rock mass, and the accuracy of a simulation test is better improved. Especially, when the rock test piece is obtained by printing quartz sand and furan resin glue, alcohol can also soften the furan resin glue component in the test piece, so that the furan resin glue component can better enter the inside of a hole of the test piece. In addition, when the inside of the rock test piece is provided with a closed fracture structure, alcohol can also partially enter the fracture in the heating volatilization process to form fracture air pressure, so that the prepared rock test piece can better simulate the condition that gas air pressure such as natural gas, shale gas and the like exists in the fracture of the work Cheng Yanti.
Further, the thermosetting resin is a liquid phenolic resin. The curing temperature is 150-300 ℃ relatively low, which is more beneficial to controlling the reaction process, is easier to be compatible with alcohol, and can better achieve the effects.
Further, a material with hot melting condensation property is adopted as a plugging agent, so that the plugging agent is injected into pores of a rock test piece along with alcohol after being heated, enters into a crack of the test piece along with alcohol in the process of heating the rock test piece, solidifies on the inner wall of the crack after being cooled, and stores alcohol gas in the crack.
Therefore, the plugging agent enters into the crack of the test piece along with the alcohol after being heated, and the pores on the inner wall of the crack are plugged after being cooled, so that the gaseous alcohol is better sealed in the crack, and the gas pressure simulation state in the crack of the engineering rock mass is better obtained. When the plugging agent is implemented, the plugging agent can be realized by paraffin, the paraffin can be easily melted and volatilized at a lower temperature, the paraffin is conveniently liquefied under the temperature control condition and enters into the pores of the rock test piece along with alcohol, the paraffin can be gasified together with the alcohol in the subsequent test piece heating process and enters into the cracks, then the test piece is cooled to room temperature, paraffin gas can be quickly condensed and attached to the inner cavity wall of the cracks, the paraffin and the alcohol are not compatible, and the alcohol can be well plugged in the cracks. In the specific implementation, the proportion of the paraffin can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs or test results, and the paraffin is generally only required to be added with a little (one tenth to one hundredth) and stirred uniformly to be in a suspension state under the temperature control condition (the paraffin can be controlled to be in a liquid state).
Further, when the strength and the pore of the rock test piece are adjusted, the adjustment system of the strength and the pore of the rock test piece is adopted, and comprises a vacuum container, wherein the whole vacuum container is arranged in a closed manner and is connected to a vacuumizing device through a vacuumizing pipeline; the vacuum container lateral wall or top are provided with the sealing door that is used for getting and puts the rock test piece, and the last intercommunication of vacuum container is provided with mixed liquor feed liquor pipeline, is provided with mixed liquor feed liquor pump on the mixed liquor feed liquor pipeline, and the initiating terminal of mixed liquor feed liquor pipeline is put through with a compounding container inner bottom mutually, and the compounding container is connected with a thermosetting resin container through the resin feed liquor pipe, installs the resin feed liquor pump on the resin feed liquor pipe, and the compounding container still is connected with an alcohol container through the alcohol feed liquor pipe, installs the alcohol feed liquor pump on the alcohol feed liquor pipe.
When the rock test piece strength and porosity adjusting system is used, the rock test piece with strength and porosity to be adjusted is placed into the vacuum container, and the vacuum container is vacuumized through the vacuumizing device, so that a vacuum environment is formed in the vacuum container, and gas in the pores of the rock test piece overflows. And then the resin liquid inlet pump is used for extracting the thermosetting resin with a specific proportion from the thermosetting resin container to enter the mixing container, and the alcohol liquid inlet pump is used for extracting the alcohol with a specific proportion from the alcohol container to enter the mixing container (the alcohol and the thermosetting resin can be regulated within the mass ratio of about 2:1 generally, and the lower the alcohol, the higher the strength of a final test piece, the smaller the porosity) so that the alcohol and the thermosetting resin are fully mixed. And then the mixed liquid is pumped from the mixing container by means of the mixed liquid inlet pump, enters the vacuum container and is poured onto the surface of the rock test piece, so that the mixed liquid can quickly infiltrate into the pores of the rock test piece because the vacuum container is in a vacuum environment and the gas in the pores is pumped away, the test piece is taken out after a period of time (several hours to several days) and heated by a heating furnace or oven (generally, the test piece can be heated for tens of minutes to several hours at about 200 ℃) so as to volatilize alcohol and solidify thermosetting resin, and thus the rock test piece with required strength and porosity can be obtained by controlling the content proportion of the alcohol in advance, and the control and adjustment of the strength and the porosity of the test piece are realized.
Further, the upper end of the vacuum container is also connected with an inert gas container through an inert gas inlet pipeline.
In this way, inert gas can be introduced into the inert gas inlet pipeline and pressure is applied in the infiltration process of the mixed liquid on the rock test piece, so that the mixed liquid can be pressed into the test piece hole better.
Further, a stirring device is arranged in the mixing container.
Thus, the stirring control of the mixed liquid is convenient, and the mixed liquid is uniformly mixed.
Further, the mixing container is arranged in a closed mode, and the upper end of the mixing container is connected with the vacuumizing device through the vacuumizing pipeline.
Thus, the vacuum pumping in the mixing process can be controlled, and the rapid and uniform mixing of materials can be better facilitated
Further, the mixed liquid inlet pump, the resin inlet pump and the alcohol inlet pump are metering pumps.
This facilitates control of the amount and ratio of addition.
Further, a resin heating device is also arranged in the thermosetting resin container.
In this way, it is convenient to control the temperature to better maintain the fluidity of the thermosetting resin.
Further, a mixed liquid heating device is arranged in the mixing container.
In this way, it is convenient to control the temperature to better accomplish the mixing of the alcohol and the thermosetting resin.
Further, a heating device for injection is also arranged in the vacuum container.
Thus, the temperature is conveniently controlled to better complete the infiltration and the pressure injection of the mixed liquid to the rock test piece.
Further, the upper end of the mixing container is also communicated with a plugging agent liquid inlet pipe, a plugging agent liquid inlet pump is arranged on the plugging agent liquid inlet pipe, and the starting end of the plugging agent liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a plugging agent container.
In this way, in the mixing process of the alcohol and the thermosetting resin, a plugging agent with hot melting condensation property can be further added, so that the plugging agent is injected into the pores of the rock test piece along with the alcohol after being heated, and thus when a crack structure simulating the interior of an actual rock is arranged in the rock test piece, the plugging agent can enter into the cracks of the test piece along with the alcohol in the process of heating the rock test piece, and is solidified on the inner wall of the cracks after being cooled, and alcohol gas is sealed in the cracks; and the gas pressure simulation state in the engineering rock mass fracture is better obtained. In implementation, the plugging agent liquid inlet pump is preferably a metering pump, so that the metering is convenient.
Further, a plugging agent heating device is arranged in the plugging agent container, and liquid paraffin is contained as a plugging agent.
Therefore, paraffin can be easily melted and volatilized at a lower temperature, is conveniently liquefied under the temperature control condition and enters the pores of the rock test piece along with alcohol, can be gasified together with the alcohol in the subsequent test piece heating process and enters the cracks, and can be quickly condensed and attached to the inner cavity wall of the cracks after the test piece is cooled to room temperature, and the paraffin and the alcohol are not compatible, so that the alcohol can be well plugged in the cracks. In the specific implementation, the proportion of the paraffin can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs or test results, and the paraffin is generally only required to be added with a little (one tenth to one hundredth) and stirred uniformly to be in a suspension state under the temperature control condition (the paraffin can be controlled to be in a liquid state).
Therefore, the invention can better simulate the actual conditions of the rock mass and the cracks thereof, and can better improve the precision and the applicability of rock mechanics test, so that the invention can be better applied to the construction guidance of rock mass engineering and improve the reliability and the safety of engineering construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rock specimen strength and pore space adjustment system employed in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The specific embodiment is as follows: a preparation method of a rock mechanical experiment test piece is characterized by firstly constructing a rock test piece model with three-dimensional cracks inside, converting the rock test piece model into an STL file, guiding the STL file into a powder bonding forming 3d printer, printing out the rock test piece by adopting powder bonding forming, and then adjusting the strength of the test piece to meet the experiment simulation requirement.
In this way, in the method, powder bonding forming 3d printing is adopted to directly print out the rock test piece with three-dimensional cracks inside, so that the crack precision inside the test piece can be better ensured, the actual crack situation of the rock mass can be better simulated and reflected, and the precision of the test result can be better ensured. Meanwhile, 3d printing is adopted for powder bonding forming, pores can be formed among the powders, and the strength of the component material is convenient to adjust, so that the component material meets the test simulation requirement. Therefore, the material strength of the test piece can be guaranteed to well meet the test simulation requirement, meanwhile, the crack precision in the test piece can be guaranteed to meet the test simulation requirement, and the test reliability is greatly improved.
Wherein, the three-dimensional fracture is in a closed state in the rock test piece.
The sample method can also obtain a completely closed fracture, so that the actual fracture situation of the rock mass can be better simulated and reflected, and the applicability of the test is improved.
And when the 3d printing is performed, printing parameters are controlled to enable uniform pores to be generated among the printed powder particles, and the strength and the pores of the rock test piece are adjusted by injecting reinforcing materials into the pores.
Therefore, by controlling the particle size of the powder, the printing parameters and the like, pores can be formed in the printed product, and then the strength of the test piece is adjusted by adopting the mode of injecting the reinforcing material, so that the method is convenient and quick and is easy to implement.
The powder bonding forming 3D printer adopts an S-MAX type 3D sand mould printer.
The printer is produced by Exone company in Germany, is a mature powder bonding forming 3D printer product, and is particularly suitable for 3D printing of a sand mould material preparation model test piece. Of course, other powder bond forming 3d printers may be used.
The printing substrate takes quartz sand as a powder particle material, and furan resin glue as a binder glue material for printing.
The quartz sand is used as a powder particle material, the components of the quartz sand are silicon dioxide, and the quartz sand is consistent with the main components of the rock mass, so that the strength and the performance of a rock mass test piece prepared subsequently can be better ensured to correspond to the actual situation, and the test precision is improved. The furan resin glue is adopted as a glue material, and the furan resin belongs to thermosetting resin, and can be crosslinked and cured with each other without adding a curing agent when being heated. The acid catalyzes the curing reaction and also reduces the temperature required for thermal curing. According to the special requirements of the construction process, a catalytic curing agent can be introduced, and the catalyst can be rapidly crosslinked and cured at room temperature without heating. The low molecular substances are released during curing and crosslinking, so that the volume shrinkage rate is larger during curing, the extensibility is very low, the heat resistance is good, and the thermosetting temperature is higher. Therefore, the furan resin glue is adopted as a printing material, the curing effect can be improved and the curing temperature requirement can be reduced through acid catalysis, the printing fluidity is good after heating, the self-solidifying hardening is realized after cooling, the porosity of the generated material is high, the size of pores among the printing product powder can be conveniently adjusted in a temperature adjustment mode, the pores among the printing product powder are smaller when the printing temperature of the furan resin glue is higher, and the pores among the printing product powder are larger when the printing temperature of the furan resin glue is lower. In addition, the furan resin has good miscibility with a plurality of plasticizers, thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins, and is convenient for further adopting the thermosetting resins to adjust the pore size.
Wherein the voids generated between the printed powder particles are greater than the actual porosity of the simulated subject rock mass.
Therefore, the porosity of the test piece can be further reduced and adjusted when the reinforcing material is injected in a follow-up mode, the actual porosity of the test piece is consistent with that of the rock mass to be simulated, the simulation effect is better improved, the test precision is improved, and the test piece can be better fed back to guide engineering construction.
Specifically, during 3D printing, the thickness of each layer of quartz sand grain material can be controlled to be 0.26-0.38 mm, the printing precision is 0.1 mm, and the diameter of quartz sand grains is uniformly distributed in the range of 0.074-0.147 mm.
The adoption of the parameter control is beneficial to the generation of the required porosity of the printed product.
The concrete method for adjusting the strength and the pore space of the rock test piece comprises the steps of adopting thermosetting resin as a reinforcing material, mixing and dissolving the thermosetting resin in alcohol, injecting the mixture into the pore space of the prefabricated rock test piece, heating the rock test piece again to volatilize the alcohol and solidify the thermosetting resin, and adjusting the proportion of the alcohol to achieve the aim of adjusting the pore space and the strength of the rock test piece so as to meet the test simulation requirement.
The thermoplastic property and the thermosetting property of the thermosetting resin can be flexibly adjusted by selecting different catalysts in the production process, the thermosetting resin can be well dissolved in alcohol, and the thermosetting resin can be conveniently injected into the pores of a rock test piece along with the alcohol; and then the alcohol is easily volatilized when heated at high temperature, so that the residual thermosetting resin remains in the rock test piece to be solidified and plays a role in strengthening the strength of the test piece. Therefore, the purpose of adjusting the pore size and strength of the test piece can be conveniently and flexibly achieved by adjusting the proportion of the alcohol, the final test piece is high in porosity when the proportion of the alcohol is large, and the test piece is low in porosity when the proportion of the alcohol is small, so that the strength and porosity parameters of the test piece can be adjusted to be close to those of actual conditions of rock mass, and the accuracy of a simulation test is better improved. Especially, when the rock test piece is obtained by printing quartz sand and furan resin glue, alcohol can also soften the furan resin glue component in the test piece, so that the furan resin glue component can better enter the inside of a hole of the test piece. In addition, when the inside of the test piece is provided with a closed fracture structure, alcohol can also partially enter the fracture in the heating volatilization process to form fracture air pressure, so that the prepared rock test piece can better simulate the condition that gas air pressure such as natural gas, shale gas and the like exists in the fracture of the work Cheng Yanti.
Wherein the thermosetting resin is a liquid phenolic resin. The curing temperature is 150-300 ℃ relatively low, which is more beneficial to controlling the reaction process, is easier to be compatible with alcohol, and can better achieve the effects.
The method comprises the steps of adopting a material with hot melting condensation property as a plugging agent, injecting the plugging agent into pores of a rock test piece along with alcohol after heating, introducing the plugging agent into a crack of the test piece along with alcohol in the process of heating the rock test piece, solidifying the plugging agent on the inner wall of the crack after cooling, and sealing alcohol gas in the crack.
Therefore, the plugging agent enters into the crack of the test piece along with the alcohol after being heated, and the pores on the inner wall of the crack are plugged after being cooled, so that the gaseous alcohol is better sealed in the crack, and the gas pressure simulation state in the crack of the engineering rock mass is better obtained. When the plugging agent is implemented, the plugging agent can be realized by paraffin, the paraffin can be easily melted and volatilized at a lower temperature, the paraffin is conveniently liquefied under the temperature control condition and enters into the pores of the rock test piece along with alcohol, the paraffin can be gasified together with the alcohol in the subsequent test piece heating process and enters into the cracks, then the test piece is cooled to room temperature, paraffin gas can be quickly condensed and attached to the inner cavity wall of the cracks, the paraffin and the alcohol are not compatible, and the alcohol can be well plugged in the cracks. In the specific implementation, the proportion of the paraffin can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs or test results, and the paraffin is generally only required to be added with a little (one tenth to one hundredth) and stirred uniformly to be in a suspension state under the temperature control condition (the paraffin can be controlled to be in a liquid state).
In this embodiment, when adjusting the strength and the pore of the rock test piece, the adjustment system for the strength and the pore of the rock test piece shown in fig. 1 is adopted, and the adjustment system for the strength and the pore of the rock test piece comprises a vacuum container 1, wherein the whole vacuum container 1 is arranged in a closed manner and is connected to a vacuumizing device 2 through a vacuumizing pipeline; the side wall or the top of the vacuum container 1 is provided with a sealing door 3 for taking and placing rock test pieces, the vacuum container 1 is communicated with a mixed liquor inlet pipe 4, the mixed liquor inlet pipe 4 is provided with a mixed liquor inlet pump 5, the starting end of the mixed liquor inlet pipe 4 is communicated with the inner bottom of a mixing container 6, the mixing container 6 is connected with a thermosetting resin container 8 through a resin inlet pipe 7, a resin inlet pump 9 is arranged on the resin inlet pipe 7, the mixing container 6 is connected with an alcohol container 11 through an alcohol inlet pipe 10, and an alcohol inlet pump 12 is arranged on the alcohol inlet pipe 10.
Therefore, when the rock specimen strength and porosity adjusting system is used, the rock specimen 19 with strength and porosity to be adjusted is placed into the vacuum container, and is vacuumized through the vacuumizing device, so that a vacuum environment is formed in the vacuum container, and gas in the pores of the rock specimen overflows. And then the resin liquid inlet pump is used for extracting the thermosetting resin with a specific proportion from the thermosetting resin container to enter the mixing container, and the alcohol liquid inlet pump is used for extracting the alcohol with a specific proportion from the alcohol container to enter the mixing container (the alcohol and the thermosetting resin can be regulated within the mass ratio of about 2:1 generally, and the lower the alcohol, the higher the strength of a final test piece, the smaller the porosity) so that the alcohol and the thermosetting resin are fully mixed. And then the mixed liquid is pumped from the mixing container by means of the mixed liquid inlet pump, enters the vacuum container and is poured onto the surface of the rock test piece, so that the mixed liquid can quickly infiltrate into the pores of the rock test piece because the vacuum container is in a vacuum environment and the gas in the pores is pumped away, the test piece is taken out after a period of time (several hours to several days) and heated by a heating furnace or oven (generally, the test piece can be heated for tens of minutes to several hours at about 200 ℃) so as to volatilize alcohol and solidify thermosetting resin, and thus the rock test piece with required strength and porosity can be obtained by controlling the content proportion of the alcohol in advance, and the control and adjustment of the strength and the porosity of the test piece are realized. In practice, the thermosetting resin contained in the thermosetting resin container 8 is a liquid phenolic resin.
Wherein the upper end of the vacuum container 1 is also connected with an inert gas container 14 through an inert gas inlet pipe 13.
In this way, inert gas can be introduced into the inert gas inlet pipeline and pressure is applied in the infiltration process of the mixed liquid on the rock test piece, so that the mixed liquid can be pressed into the test piece hole better.
Wherein, stirring device 15 is also arranged in mixing container 6.
Thus, the stirring control of the mixed liquid is convenient, and the mixed liquid is uniformly mixed.
Wherein, the mixing container 6 is arranged in a closed way, and the upper end of the mixing container is connected with the vacuumizing device 2 through a vacuumizing pipeline.
Thus, the vacuum pumping in the mixing process can be controlled, and the rapid and uniform mixing of materials can be better facilitated
Wherein, the mixed liquor liquid inlet pump 5, the resin liquid inlet pump 9 and the alcohol liquid inlet pump 12 are all metering pumps.
This facilitates control of the amount and ratio of addition.
Wherein a resin heating device 16 is also provided in the thermosetting resin container 8.
In this way, it is convenient to control the temperature to better maintain the fluidity of the thermosetting resin.
Wherein, the mixing container 6 is also provided with a mixed liquid heating device 17.
In this way, it is convenient to control the temperature to better accomplish the mixing of the alcohol and the thermosetting resin.
Wherein, a heating device 18 for injection is also arranged in the vacuum container 1.
In this way, it is convenient to control the temperature to better accomplish the infiltration and the pressure injection of the mixed liquid into the rock specimen 19.
Wherein, the upper end of the mixing container is also communicated with a plugging agent liquid inlet pipe 20, the plugging agent liquid inlet pipe 20 is provided with a plugging agent liquid inlet pump 21, and the starting end of the plugging agent liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a plugging agent container 22.
In this way, in the mixing process of the alcohol and the thermosetting resin, a plugging agent with hot melting condensation property can be further added, so that the plugging agent is injected into the pores of the rock test piece along with the alcohol after being heated, and thus when a crack structure simulating the interior of an actual rock is arranged in the rock test piece, the plugging agent can enter into the cracks of the test piece along with the alcohol in the process of heating the rock test piece, and is solidified on the inner wall of the cracks after being cooled, and alcohol gas is sealed in the cracks; and the gas pressure simulation state in the engineering rock mass fracture is better obtained. In implementation, the plugging agent liquid inlet pump is preferably a metering pump, so that the metering is convenient.
Wherein, the plugging agent container 22 is internally provided with a plugging agent heating device 23 and contains liquid paraffin as a plugging agent.
Therefore, paraffin can be easily melted and volatilized at a lower temperature, is conveniently liquefied under the temperature control condition and enters the pores of the rock test piece along with alcohol, can be gasified together with the alcohol in the subsequent test piece heating process and enters the cracks, and can be quickly condensed and attached to the inner cavity wall of the cracks after the test piece is cooled to room temperature, and the paraffin and the alcohol are not compatible, so that the alcohol can be well plugged in the cracks. In the specific implementation, the proportion of the paraffin can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs or test results, and the paraffin is generally only required to be added with a little (one tenth to one hundredth) and stirred uniformly to be in a suspension state under the temperature control condition (the paraffin can be controlled to be in a liquid state).
Claims (7)
1. A rock mechanical experiment test piece preparation method is characterized in that a rock test piece model containing three-dimensional cracks is firstly constructed, the rock test piece model is converted into an STL file and is led into a powder bonding forming 3d printer, a rock test piece is printed by adopting powder bonding forming, and the strength of the test piece is adjusted to meet the experiment simulation requirement; the three-dimensional fracture is in a closed state in the rock test piece;
the printing substrate takes quartz sand as a powder particle material, and furan resin glue as a binder glue material for printing;
when in 3d printing, printing parameters are controlled to enable uniform pores to be generated among the printed powder particles, the generated pores among the printed powder particles are larger than the actual porosity of the rock mass of the simulation object, and then reinforcing materials are injected into the pores through pressing to adjust the strength and the pores of the rock test piece; the concrete method for adjusting the strength and the pore space of the rock test piece is that thermosetting resin is adopted as a reinforcing material, the reinforcing material is mixed and dissolved in alcohol and then is injected into the pore space of the prefabricated rock test piece, the rock test piece is heated again to volatilize the alcohol and solidify the thermosetting resin, and the purpose of adjusting the pore space size and the strength of the rock test piece is achieved by adjusting the proportion of the alcohol, so that the test simulation requirement is met; the sealed crack structure is arranged in the printed rock test piece, so that part of alcohol enters the cracks in the heating volatilization process to form crack air pressure.
2. The method for preparing a rock mechanics experiment test piece according to claim 1, wherein the powder bonding forming 3D printer is a 3D sand printer.
3. The method for preparing a rock mechanical experiment test piece according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment of the strength and the pore of the rock test piece is realized by adopting a rock test piece strength and pore adjusting system, and the rock test piece strength and pore adjusting system comprises a vacuum container, wherein the whole vacuum container is arranged in a closed manner and is connected to a vacuumizing device through a vacuumizing pipeline; the vacuum container lateral wall or top are provided with the sealing door that is used for getting and puts the rock test piece, and the last intercommunication of vacuum container is provided with mixed liquor feed liquor pipeline, is provided with mixed liquor feed liquor pump on the mixed liquor feed liquor pipeline, and the initiating terminal of mixed liquor feed liquor pipeline is put through with a compounding container inner bottom mutually, and the compounding container is connected with a thermosetting resin container through the resin feed liquor pipe, installs the resin feed liquor pump on the resin feed liquor pipe, and the compounding container still is connected with an alcohol container through the alcohol feed liquor pipe, installs the alcohol feed liquor pump on the alcohol feed liquor pipe.
4. The method for preparing a test piece for rock mechanics experiments as claimed in claim 3, wherein the upper end of the vacuum vessel is further connected to an inert gas vessel through an inert gas inlet pipe.
5. The method for preparing a rock mechanics experiment test piece according to claim 3, wherein a stirring device is further arranged in the mixing container;
the mixing container is arranged in a closed mode, and the upper end of the mixing container is connected with the vacuumizing device through a vacuumizing pipeline.
6. The method for preparing a rock mechanics experiment test piece according to claim 3, wherein the mixed liquid inlet pump, the resin inlet pump and the alcohol inlet pump are metering pumps;
a resin heating device is also arranged in the thermosetting resin container;
a mixed liquid heating device is also arranged in the mixing container;
the vacuum container is also provided with a heating device for injection.
7. The method for preparing the rock mechanical experiment test piece according to claim 3, wherein the upper end of the mixing container is further communicated with a plugging agent liquid inlet pipe, a plugging agent liquid inlet pump is arranged on the plugging agent liquid inlet pipe, and the starting end of the plugging agent liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a plugging agent container;
the plugging agent container is internally provided with a plugging agent heating device and is filled with liquid paraffin as a plugging agent.
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