CN114509111A - Method and system for detecting abnormal working conditions of power station boiler - Google Patents
Method and system for detecting abnormal working conditions of power station boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN114509111A CN114509111A CN202210092863.0A CN202210092863A CN114509111A CN 114509111 A CN114509111 A CN 114509111A CN 202210092863 A CN202210092863 A CN 202210092863A CN 114509111 A CN114509111 A CN 114509111A
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for detecting abnormal working conditions of a power station boiler, which relate to the technical field of boiler detection, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the flow velocity of the flue gas at different positions on the same cross section; the cross section is the cross section of a target flue to be detected; the flue gas flow rate is determined by a flow rate detection component arranged on the target flue; calculating the flue gas data of the through-flow area of the calibration flue according to the calibration flue gas flow rate; the smoke data comprise smoke through flow, ash deposition risk values, wind speed deviation values and abrasion values; the cross-section comprises a plurality of flue through-flow regions; judging whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets a preset condition or not; and if the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area does not meet the preset conditions, determining that the working condition of the boiler where the target flue is located is abnormal. The invention improves the detection precision of the abnormal working condition of the utility boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of boiler detection, in particular to a method and a system for detecting abnormal working conditions of a power station boiler.
Background
At present, the new energy power generation industry in China is developed rapidly, the phenomenon of excess coal power generation capacity is brought, and the flexible transformation of coal power is promoted. The thermal power generating unit, especially the large coal-electricity generating unit, has become a normal state when continuously operating under low load or deeply regulating peak. Wherein, the peak regulation process is the process of changing the thermal physical characteristics and the thermal stress distribution in the boiler.
When the utility boiler is designed, the flow area of the flue is designed according to the smoke with fixed quantity, but the smoke quantity in the flue of the boiler unit is seriously deviated from the designed value during peak shaving. Under the influence of the deposited dust of the flue, the flow of the flue gas is uneven on the upper side and the lower side of the cross section of the flue; under the influence of the variable working condition of peak shaving of the unit, the condition that the flow velocity distribution is uneven exists in the upper, lower, left and right directions of the cross section of the flue gas in the flue, and the unevenness of dust deposition in the flue can also be influenced. Although the soot blower is arranged in the flue and can sweep accumulated soot regularly, the soot blower cannot sweep in real time, and the soot blower cannot eliminate uneven distribution of flue gas flow velocity in the flue on a circulation cross section caused by variation of variable working condition flue gas volume of peak regulation of a unit.
With the increasing capacity of the coal-electric machine set, the condition that the flow velocity of a medium in a boiler flue is not uniformly distributed on the cross section in the peak shaving process is more serious, the overtemperature and excessive abrasion damage of a boiler pipe can be caused, even the unplanned boiler shutdown is caused, and the safe operation of a power station is seriously threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for detecting abnormal working conditions of a power station boiler, which are used for improving the detection precision of the abnormal working conditions of the power station boiler.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method for detecting abnormal working conditions of a utility boiler comprises the following steps:
acquiring the flow velocity of the flue gas at different positions on the same cross section; the cross section is the cross section of a target flue to be detected; the flue gas flow rate is determined by a flow rate detection component arranged on the target flue;
calculating the flue gas data of the through-flow area of the calibration flue according to the calibration flue gas flow rate; the smoke data comprise smoke through flow, ash deposition risk values, wind speed deviation values and abrasion values; the calibrated flue gas flow rate is any flue gas flow rate; the cross-section comprises a plurality of flue through-flow regions; the calibration flue through-flow area is any flue through-flow area, and the calibration flue through-flow area is a flue gas through-flow area corresponding to the calibration flue gas flow rate;
judging whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets a preset condition or not;
and if the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area does not meet the preset conditions, determining that the working condition of the boiler where the target flue is located is abnormal.
Optionally, the determining whether the smoke data of the calibration flue flow area meets a preset condition specifically includes:
judging whether the smoke through-flow rate of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a first preset value or not to obtain a first judgment result; the first judgment result is used for indicating that when the smoke through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is larger than or equal to a first preset value, the flow abnormality of the calibrated flue through-flow area is determined;
judging whether the ash deposition risk value of the calibration flue through-flow area is smaller than a second preset value or not to obtain a second judgment result; the second judgment result is used for indicating that the ash deposition abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the ash deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a second preset value;
judging whether the wind speed deviation value of the calibration flue through-flow area is smaller than a third preset value or not to obtain a third judgment result; the third judgment result is used for indicating that when the wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a third preset value, the wind speed deviation abnormality of the calibrated flue through-flow area is determined;
judging whether the wear value of the calibration flue through-flow area is smaller than a fourth preset value or not to obtain a fourth judgment result; and the fourth judgment result is used for indicating that the calibrated flue through-flow area has abnormal abrasion when the abrasion value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value.
Optionally, the calculating the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area according to the calibrated flue gas flow rate specifically includes:
according to the formula qi＝xi·AiCalculating the smoke flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area;
wherein q isiDenotes the flow rate of flue gas, x, of the flow area of the ith flueiDenotes the flue gas flow velocity of the i-th flue through-flow area, AiRepresenting the area of the ith flue flow area;
according to the formula
Calculating the dust wind of the calibrated flue through-flow areaA risk value;
wherein, FiRepresenting the risk value of ash deposition, q, in the flow area of the ith fluedRepresenting the rated load smoke volume of the smoke channel, n representing the total number of the through-flow areas of the smoke channel, and k representing the coupling coefficient;
according to the formula Δ xi＝(xi-S)/S calculating a wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area;
wherein, Δ xiThe deviation value of the wind speed of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, S represents the standard deviation of the flue gas flow speed,
means for representing an average of a plurality of flue gas flow rates;
according to the formula Fai＝(xi)mJ, calculating a wear value of a through flow area of the calibration flue;
wherein FaiThe wear value of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, and m, j represents the wear coefficient.
Optionally, the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area further includes a total flue gas through-flow rate;
the specific calculation formula of the total flue gas through flow of the flue is as follows:
wherein Q represents the total flue gas flux of the flue, and Q represents the total flue gas flux of the flueiThe flow rate of the smoke of the ith flue flow-through area is shown, and n is the total number of the flue flow-through areas;
the judging whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets the preset conditions further comprises:
judging whether the total flue gas through flow of the flue in the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a fifth preset value or not, and obtaining a fifth judgment result; and the fifth judgment result is used for indicating that the calibrated flue through-flow area has abnormal abrasion when the total flue gas through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a fifth preset value.
Optionally, the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area further includes a flue whole ash deposition risk value;
the specific calculation formula of the whole ash deposition risk value of the flue is as follows:
wherein F represents the risk value of integral dust deposition of the flue, and FiRepresenting the value of the risk of ash deposition in the ith flue through-flow area,
representing the weight coefficient corresponding to the ith flue through-flow area;
the judging whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets the preset conditions further comprises:
judging whether the whole flue dust deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a sixth preset value or not to obtain a sixth judgment result; and the sixth judgment result is used for indicating that the ash deposition abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the risk value of the whole flue ash deposition in the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a sixth preset value.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and displaying the smoke flow, the ash deposition risk value, the wind speed deviation value and the abrasion value through a chart.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides the following technical scheme:
a power station boiler abnormal operation condition detection system, the system comprising:
the flow velocity acquisition module is used for acquiring the flow velocity of the flue gas at different positions on the same cross section; the cross section is the cross section of a target flue to be detected; the flue gas flow rate is determined by a flow rate detection component arranged on the target flue;
the flue gas data calculation module is used for calculating flue gas data of a through-flow area of the calibration flue according to the calibration flue gas flow velocity; the smoke data comprise smoke through flow, ash deposition risk values, wind speed deviation values and abrasion values; the calibrated flue gas flow rate is any flue gas flow rate; the cross-section comprises a plurality of flue through-flow regions; the calibration flue through-flow area is any flue through-flow area, and the calibration flue through-flow area is a flue gas through-flow area corresponding to the calibration flue gas flow rate;
the judging module is used for judging whether the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area meets a preset condition or not;
and the abnormity determining module is used for determining that the working condition of the boiler where the target flue is located is abnormal when the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area does not meet the preset condition.
Optionally, in terms of determining whether the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area meets a preset condition, the determining module specifically includes:
the first judgment submodule is used for judging whether the smoke through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a first preset value or not to obtain a first judgment result; the first judgment result is used for indicating that when the smoke through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is larger than or equal to a first preset value, the flow abnormality of the calibrated flue through-flow area is determined;
the second judgment submodule is used for judging whether the ash deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a second preset value or not to obtain a second judgment result; the second judgment result is used for indicating that the ash deposition abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the ash deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a second preset value;
the third judgment submodule is used for judging whether the wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a third preset value or not to obtain a third judgment result; the third judgment result is used for indicating that when the wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a third preset value, the wind speed deviation abnormality of the calibrated flue through-flow area is determined;
the fourth judgment submodule is used for judging whether the wear value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a fourth preset value or not to obtain a fourth judgment result; and the fourth judgment result is used for indicating that the calibrated flue through-flow area has abnormal abrasion when the abrasion value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value.
Optionally, the system further comprises:
and the display sub-module is used for displaying the smoke through flow, the ash deposition risk value, the wind speed deviation value and the abrasion value through a chart.
Optionally, the flue gas data calculation module specifically includes:
a smoke flux calculation submodule for calculating the smoke flux according to a formula qi＝xi·AiCalculating the smoke flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area;
wherein q isiDenotes the flow rate of flue gas, x, of the flow area of the ith flueiDenotes the flue gas flow velocity of the i-th flue through-flow area, AiRepresenting the area of the ith flue flow area;
a dust deposition risk calculation submodule for calculating the risk of dust deposition according to a formula
Calculating the ash deposition risk value of the calibration flue through-flow area;
wherein, FiRepresenting the risk value of ash deposition, q, in the flow area of the ith fluedRepresenting the rated load smoke volume of the smoke channel, n representing the total number of the through-flow areas of the smoke channel, and k representing the coupling coefficient;
a wind speed deviation calculation submodule for calculating a deviation of a wind speed according to the formula Deltaxi＝(xi-S)/S calculating a wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area;
wherein, Δ xiThe deviation value of the wind speed of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, S represents the standard deviation of the flue gas flow speed,
means for representing a plurality of flue gas flow rates;
an abrasion value calculation operator module for calculating the abrasion value according to the publicFormula Fai＝(xi)mJ, calculating a wear value of a through flow area of the calibration flue;
wherein FaiThe wear value of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, and m, j represents the wear coefficient.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the flue gas flow velocity detection device comprises a flow velocity detection part arranged on a flue, wherein the flow velocity detection part is used for detecting flue gas flow velocities at different positions on the same flue cross section, the cross section comprises a plurality of flue through-flow areas, and one flue through-flow area corresponds to one flue gas flow velocity, so that the flue gas data of any flue through-flow area is judged, and the abnormal condition of the working condition of a boiler where a target flue is located is further determined. In particular for what is present in existing utility boilers: under the condition that the medium flow velocity is not uniformly distributed on the cross section of the boiler flue, the detection method provided by the invention can accurately detect and judge each part of the cross section of the boiler flue, more comprehensively knows the flow field condition in the flue through multi-point monitoring, and improves the accuracy of detecting the abnormal working condition of the power station boiler.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for detecting abnormal operating conditions of a utility boiler according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first schematic view illustrating the installation of the high temperature wind speed sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic view illustrating the installation of the high temperature wind speed sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the abnormal condition detection system of the utility boiler of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for detecting abnormal working conditions of a power station boiler, which increase measuring points to enable a detected speed field of a flue to form a three-dimensional speed field, and simultaneously increase more subdivided measuring areas on the cross section of the flue to enable the operation condition of a boiler heat exchanger tube to be more refined to a part level in analysis and judgment, so that the analysis conclusion is more accurate and valuable.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for detecting abnormal operating conditions of a utility boiler, where the method includes:
In one embodiment, high temperature wind velocity sensors are installed at 5 locations before the final reheater, before the final superheater (after the final reheater), before the low temperature superheater, before the economizer, after the economizer, etc. of the boiler. As shown in fig. 2, three high-temperature wind speed sensors are mounted on two sides of the cross section of each flue, and the three high-temperature wind speed sensors are uniformly distributed; as shown in fig. 3, in addition to installing the high temperature wind speed sensors at two sides of each flue section, the high temperature wind speed sensors can also be installed from the top of the flue, and the installation positions of the high temperature wind speed sensors are uniformly distributed in the transverse direction of the flue and are the same as the installation positions of the high temperature wind speed sensors at two sides in the flue gas flow direction.
In addition, a plurality of rows of smoke velocity measuring points can be added on the transverse distance between two side walls of the flue according to needs, and except the measuring points on the two side walls, all rows of other measuring points are transversely and uniformly distributed on the longitudinal surface, so that the measuring points are ensured to accurately measure the flow field of each block of data.
Further, the step 200 specifically includes:
according to the formula qi＝xi·AiCalculating the smoke flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area; wherein q isiDenotes the flow rate of flue gas, x, of the flow area of the ith flueiDenotes the flue gas flow velocity of the i-th flue through-flow area, AiThe area of the ith flue flow area is shown.
According to the formula
Calculating the ash deposition risk value of the calibration flue through-flow area; wherein, FiRepresenting the risk value of ash deposition, q, in the flow area of the ith fluedThe rated load smoke volume of the flue is shown, n is the total number of through-flow areas of the flue, and k is the coupling coefficient.
According to the formula Δ xi＝(xi-S)/S meterCalculating a wind speed deviation value of the through-flow area of the calibration flue;
wherein, Δ xiThe deviation value of the wind speed of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, S represents the standard deviation of the flue gas flow speed,
representing the average of a plurality of flue gas flow rates.
According to the formula Fai＝(xi)mJ, calculating a wear value of a through flow area of the calibration flue; wherein FaiThe wear value of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, and m, j represents the wear coefficient. Specifically, m and j can be adjusted as needed, and in general, m is 3 or m is 3.3.
And 300, judging whether the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area meets a preset condition.
Preferably, step 300 specifically includes:
step 3001, determining whether the flue gas flow rate of the calibrated flue flow area is smaller than a first preset value, and obtaining a first determination result; and the first judgment result is used for indicating that the flow abnormality exists in the calibration flue through-flow area when the flue gas through-flow of the calibration flue through-flow area is larger than or equal to a first preset value.
Step 3002, determining whether the risk value of ash deposition in the through-flow area of the calibration flue is smaller than a second preset value, and obtaining a second determination result; and the second judgment result is used for indicating that the ash deposition abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the ash deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a second preset value.
Step 3003, determining whether the deviation value of the wind speed of the through-flow area of the calibration flue is smaller than a third preset value, and obtaining a third determination result; and the third judgment result is used for indicating that the wind speed deviation abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a third preset value.
Step 3004, determining whether the wear value of the calibrated flue flow-through area is smaller than a fourth preset value, and obtaining a fourth determination result; and the fourth judgment result is used for indicating that the calibrated flue through-flow area has abnormal abrasion when the abrasion value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value.
Further, the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area also comprises the total flue gas through-flow rate of the flue; the specific calculation formula of the total flue gas flux of the flue is as follows:
wherein Q represents the total flue gas flux of the flue, and Q represents the total flue gas flux of the flueiThe flow of flue gas through the ith flue flow area is indicated, and n indicates the total number of the flue flow areas.
The judging whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets the preset conditions further comprises:
judging whether the total flue gas through flow of the flue in the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a fifth preset value or not, and obtaining a fifth judgment result; and the fifth judgment result is used for indicating that the calibrated flue through-flow area has abnormal abrasion when the total flue gas through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a fifth preset value.
In a specific embodiment, the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area further comprises a flue whole ash deposition risk value; the specific calculation formula of the whole ash deposition risk value of the flue is as follows:
wherein F represents the risk value of integral dust deposition of the flue, and FiRepresenting the value of the risk of ash deposition in the ith flue through-flow area,
the weighting factor corresponding to the ith flue flow area is shown. And the weight of the flue through-flow area at the same layer is the same, and the flue through-flow area at the lower layerThe weight of the field is higher than the weight of the flue flow region located at the upper level. Taking the installation diagram of the high-temperature wind speed sensor shown in fig. 2 as an example, a1 and a2 have the same weight, c1 and c2 have a weight higher than b1 and b2, and b1 and b2 have a weight higher than a1 and a 2.
The judging whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets the preset conditions further comprises:
judging whether the whole flue dust deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a sixth preset value or not to obtain a sixth judgment result; and the sixth judgment result is used for indicating that the ash deposition abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the risk value of the whole flue ash deposition in the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a sixth preset value.
And step 400, if the flue gas data of the through-flow area of the calibration flue does not meet the preset conditions, determining that the working condition of the boiler where the target flue is located is abnormal. The boiler anomalies that have been determined according to step 300 above, including flow anomalies, ash deposition anomalies, wind speed deviation anomalies, and wear anomalies, are determined, and then a warning signal is sent to notify the operating personnel, who adjusts the boiler according to the warning signal.
Knowing that if ash is deposited on one side of a flue, the ash deposition affects the smoke velocity, so that the smoke velocity on the other side is increased, and under the condition that the steam quantity of a heat exchanger is certain, the uneven distribution of the smoke velocity can cause the temperature rise of smoke and the local overtemperature of the heat exchanger; and flue wear will produce similar results. Therefore, if the abnormal condition of the boiler is determined, operation operators need to perform operations such as flue soot blowing and boiler load adjustment according to the obtained wear value and soot deposition risk value, so that accurate and timely adjustment is performed, the boiler is guaranteed to be less in soot deposition, less in wear and not over-temperature, and safe and stable in operation is guaranteed.
Specifically, the method further comprises: and displaying the smoke through flow, the ash deposition risk value, the wind speed deviation value, the abrasion value, the total smoke through flow of the flue and the integral ash deposition risk value of the flue through a chart. The flow field condition in the flue can be displayed more visually and comprehensively through chart display, an operation operator can conveniently and quickly judge whether dust is accumulated in the flue and the abrasion degree of local high-flow-rate flue gas to the pipe according to the flow field condition, accelerated abrasion of the pipe of the heat exchanger in the flue caused by increase of the flow rate of the flue gas is avoided, and the service life of the boiler heat exchanger is prolonged.
In one embodiment, a 330MW subcritical natural circulation pi-type pulverized coal furnace is provided, wherein a final reheater, a final superheater, a low-temperature superheater, an economizer, an air preheater and the like are arranged in a horizontal flue and a vertical flue. Temperature, pressure, etc. measuring points are conventionally arranged between each heat exchanger.
In this embodiment, 3 high-temperature wind speed sensors are respectively installed before a final-stage reheater, before a final-stage superheater (after the final-stage reheater), before a low-temperature superheater, before an economizer and after the economizer, and the number of the high-temperature wind speed sensors includes 30 wind speed sensors on both sides of the boiler. The data measured by each sensor represents the smoke velocity of the corresponding zone.
As shown in a section A-A of a boiler measurement point diagram in figure 2, six smoke velocity measurement points correspond to six areas divided by dotted lines, data of each measurement point represents smoke flowing of the corresponding area, and the six smoke velocity data jointly form a smoke velocity field of the section A-A. The flue gas flow is influenced by the peak shaving of the boiler, the flue gas velocity field of the section A-A is changed, and the larger the flue gas amount is, the larger the flue gas flow velocity deviation of the three layers of a, b and c is. Wherein the flue gas flow velocities of c1 and c2 are the largest, the flue gas flow velocities of b1 and b2 are the second highest, and the flue gas flow velocities of a1 and a2 are the lowest; the smaller the flue gas quantity is, the smaller the flue gas flow speed deviation of the three layers of a, b and c is.
When the flue gas volume is small to the extent that the filling degree in the flue is very low, the flow speed deviation of the flue gas in the three layers of a, b and c is uncertain, and along with the reduction of the average flow speed of the flue gas in the whole flue, dust carried in the flue gas can be settled and accumulated. After the dust accumulation reaches a certain degree, the layer c is firstly full of furnace dust, and the flow cross section of the flue is reduced; if the flue gas amount returns to normal at this moment, the heat exchanger pipes of the layer c are buried by the furnace ash, the heat exchanger pipes of the layer a and the layer b are exposed in the flue gas, the flue gas flow rate is multiplied, and the degree of scouring damage to the heat exchanger pipes of the layer a and the layer b at this moment can be sharply increased. Because the flue gas has non-uniformity in the horizontal direction of the boiler flue, the flow velocity of the areas of the a layers a1-a2 and the b layers b1-b2 also has difference.
Example two
As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a system for detecting abnormal operating conditions of a utility boiler, the system includes:
the flow velocity obtaining module 101 is used for obtaining the flow velocity of the flue gas at different positions on the same cross section; the cross section is the cross section of a target flue to be detected; the flue gas flow rate is determined by a flow rate detection component arranged on the target flue.
A flue gas data calculation module 201, configured to calculate flue gas data of a through-flow area of a calibration flue according to a calibration flue gas flow rate; the smoke data comprise smoke through flow, ash deposition risk values, wind speed deviation values and abrasion values; the calibrated flue gas flow rate is any flue gas flow rate; the cross-section comprises a plurality of flue through-flow regions; the calibration flue through-flow area is any flue through-flow area, and the calibration flue through-flow area is a flue gas through-flow area corresponding to the calibration flue gas flow rate.
The judging module 301 is configured to judge whether the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area meets a preset condition.
And an anomaly determination module 401, configured to determine that a working condition of the boiler where the target flue is located is abnormal when the flue gas data in the calibrated flue through-flow region does not meet a preset condition.
Further, in terms of judging whether the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area meets a preset condition, the judging module specifically includes:
the first judgment submodule is used for judging whether the smoke through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a first preset value or not to obtain a first judgment result; and the first judgment result is used for indicating that the flow abnormality exists in the calibration flue through-flow area when the flue gas through-flow of the calibration flue through-flow area is larger than or equal to a first preset value.
The second judgment submodule is used for judging whether the ash deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a second preset value or not to obtain a second judgment result; and the second judgment result is used for indicating that the ash deposition abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the ash deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a second preset value.
The third judgment submodule is used for judging whether the wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a third preset value or not to obtain a third judgment result; and the third judgment result is used for indicating that the wind speed deviation abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a third preset value.
The fourth judgment submodule is used for judging whether the wear value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a fourth preset value or not to obtain a fourth judgment result; and the fourth judgment result is used for indicating that the calibrated flue through-flow area has abnormal abrasion when the abrasion value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value.
The system also comprises a display submodule, and the display submodule is used for displaying the smoke through flow, the dust deposition risk value, the wind speed deviation value and the wear value through a chart.
Specifically, the smoke data calculation module specifically includes:
a smoke flux calculation submodule for calculating the smoke flux according to a formula qi＝xi·AiCalculating the smoke flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area; wherein q isiDenotes the flow rate of flue gas, x, of the flow area of the ith flueiDenotes the flue gas flow velocity of the i-th flue through-flow area, AiThe area of the ith flue flow area is shown.
A dust deposition risk calculation submodule for calculating the risk of dust deposition according to a formula
Calculating the ash deposition risk value of the calibration flue through-flow area; wherein, FiRepresenting the product of the flow area of the ith flueAsh risk value, qdThe rated load smoke volume of the flue is shown, n is the total number of through-flow areas of the flue, and k is the coupling coefficient.
A wind speed deviation calculation submodule for calculating a deviation of a wind speed according to the formula Deltaxi＝(xi-S)/S calculating a wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area;
wherein, Δ xiThe deviation value of the wind speed of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, S represents the standard deviation of the flue gas flow speed,
representing the average of a plurality of flue gas flow rates.
An operator module for the wear value, for calculating the wear value according to the formula Fai＝(xi)mJ, calculating a wear value of a through flow area of the calibration flue; wherein FaiThe wear value of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, and m, j represents the wear coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention also has the following advantages:
(1) the invention changes the original static pressure measuring points arranged on two sides of the boiler flue into the high-temperature wind speed sensors which are longitudinally arranged on two sides and used for measuring the flow velocity of a plurality of pairs of flue gas, thereby realizing multi-point monitoring, more comprehensively knowing the flow field condition of the horizontal flue, and then judging whether dust is accumulated in the flue and the abrasion degree of local high-flow-velocity flue gas on the pipe according to the flow field.
(2) The invention displays the obtained flue gas through flow, ash deposition risk value, wind speed deviation value, abrasion value, total flue gas through flow and whole flue ash deposition risk value through a chart, can quickly analyze whether ash deposition exists in a flue, whether a heat exchanger pipe is buried by the ash deposition, whether a boiler pipe is abraded or not and the danger of over-temperature operation, plays an active guiding role in safe operation and maintenance of a boiler, and has extremely high reference value.
(3) The high-temperature wind speed sensor adopted by the invention is based on the measurement of the flue gas flow velocity of the pitot tube, and comprises the dynamic pressure and the static pressure of the flue gas. Can completely replace the conventional static pressure measuring point.
(4) In the flue of the power station boiler, flue gas velocity measuring points are arranged on the cross sections among the heat exchangers, a plurality of groups of three-dimensional velocity matrixes are formed in the flue gas flow direction, and the working condition of fluid on the flue gas side of the boiler flue is comprehensively mastered, so that the comprehensive judgment can be carried out, and an analysis conclusion can be obtained.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the foregoing, the description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting abnormal working conditions of a utility boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the flow velocity of the flue gas at different positions on the same cross section; the cross section is the cross section of a target flue to be detected; the flue gas flow rate is determined by a flow rate detection component arranged on the target flue;
calculating the flue gas data of the through-flow area of the calibration flue according to the calibration flue gas flow rate; the smoke data comprise smoke through flow, ash deposition risk values, wind speed deviation values and abrasion values; the calibrated flue gas flow rate is any flue gas flow rate; the cross-section comprises a plurality of flue through-flow regions; the calibration flue through-flow area is any flue through-flow area, and the calibration flue through-flow area is a flue gas through-flow area corresponding to the calibration flue gas flow rate;
judging whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets a preset condition or not;
and if the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area does not meet the preset conditions, determining that the working condition of the boiler where the target flue is located is abnormal.
2. The method for detecting the abnormal working conditions of the utility boiler according to claim 1, wherein the step of judging whether the flue gas data of the through-flow area of the calibration flue meets preset conditions specifically comprises the following steps:
judging whether the smoke through-flow rate of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a first preset value or not to obtain a first judgment result; the first judgment result is used for indicating that when the smoke through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is larger than or equal to a first preset value, the flow abnormality of the calibrated flue through-flow area is determined;
judging whether the ash deposition risk value of the calibration flue through-flow area is smaller than a second preset value or not to obtain a second judgment result; the second judgment result is used for indicating that the ash deposition abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the ash deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a second preset value;
judging whether the wind speed deviation value of the calibration flue through-flow area is smaller than a third preset value or not to obtain a third judgment result; the third judgment result is used for indicating that when the wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a third preset value, the wind speed deviation abnormality of the calibrated flue through-flow area is determined;
judging whether the wear value of the calibration flue through-flow area is smaller than a fourth preset value or not to obtain a fourth judgment result; and the fourth judgment result is used for indicating that the calibrated flue through-flow area has abnormal abrasion when the abrasion value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value.
3. The method for detecting the abnormal operating conditions of the utility boiler according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the flue gas data of the through-flow area of the calibration flue according to the calibration flue gas flow rate specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the formula qi＝xi·AiCalculating the smoke flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area;
wherein q isiIndicates the ith cigaretteFlue gas flow rate, x, of the flow areaiDenotes the flue gas flow velocity of the i-th flue through-flow area, AiRepresenting the area of the ith flue flow area;
according to the formula
Calculating the ash deposition risk value of the calibration flue through-flow area;
wherein, FiRepresenting the risk value of ash deposition, q, in the flow area of the ith fluedRepresenting the rated load smoke volume of the smoke channel, n representing the total number of the through-flow areas of the smoke channel, and k representing the coupling coefficient;
according to the formula Δ xi＝(xi-S)/S calculating a wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area;
wherein, Δ xiThe deviation value of the wind speed of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, S represents the standard deviation of the flue gas flow speed,
means for representing an average of a plurality of flue gas flow rates;
according to the formula Fai＝(xi)mJ, calculating the abrasion value of the through flow area of the calibration flue;
wherein FaiThe wear value of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, and m, j represents the wear coefficient.
4. The method for detecting the abnormal working conditions of the utility boiler according to claim 2, wherein the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area further comprises the total flue gas through-flow rate;
the specific calculation formula of the total flue gas through flow of the flue is as follows:
wherein Q represents the total flue gas flux of the flue, and Q represents the total flue gas flux of the flueiThe flow rate of the smoke of the ith flue flow-through area is shown, and n is the total number of the flue flow-through areas;
the judging whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets the preset conditions further comprises:
judging whether the total flue gas through flow of the flue in the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a fifth preset value or not, and obtaining a fifth judgment result; and the fifth judgment result is used for indicating that the calibrated flue through-flow area has abnormal abrasion when the total flue gas through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a fifth preset value.
5. The method for detecting the abnormal working conditions of the utility boiler according to claim 2, wherein the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area further comprises a flue integral ash deposition risk value;
the specific calculation formula of the whole ash deposition risk value of the flue is as follows:
wherein F represents the risk value of integral dust deposition of the flue, and FiRepresenting the value of the risk of ash deposition in the ith flue through-flow area,
representing the weight coefficient corresponding to the ith flue flow area;
the judging whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets the preset conditions further comprises:
judging whether the whole flue dust deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a sixth preset value or not to obtain a sixth judgment result; and the sixth judgment result is used for indicating that the ash deposition abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the risk value of the whole flue ash deposition in the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a sixth preset value.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and displaying the smoke flow, the ash deposition risk value, the wind speed deviation value and the abrasion value through a chart.
7. A power station boiler abnormal operation condition detection system, characterized in that, the system includes:
the flow velocity acquisition module is used for acquiring the flow velocity of the flue gas at different positions on the same cross section; the cross section is the cross section of a target flue to be detected; the flue gas flow rate is determined by a flow rate detection component arranged on the target flue;
the flue gas data calculation module is used for calculating flue gas data of a through-flow area of the calibration flue according to the calibration flue gas flow velocity; the smoke data comprise smoke through flow, ash deposition risk values, wind speed deviation values and abrasion values; the calibrated flue gas flow rate is any one flue gas flow rate; the cross-section comprises a plurality of flue through-flow regions; the calibration flue through-flow area is any one flue through-flow area, and the calibration flue through-flow area is a flue gas through-flow area corresponding to the calibration flue gas flow rate;
the judging module is used for judging whether the flue gas data of the calibrated flue through-flow area meets a preset condition or not;
and the abnormity determining module is used for determining that the working condition of the boiler where the target flue is located is abnormal when the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area does not meet the preset condition.
8. The utility boiler abnormal condition detection system of claim 7, wherein in terms of determining whether the flue gas data of the calibration flue through-flow area meets a preset condition, the determination module specifically comprises:
the first judgment submodule is used for judging whether the smoke through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a first preset value or not to obtain a first judgment result; the first judgment result is used for indicating that when the smoke through-flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area is larger than or equal to a first preset value, the flow abnormality of the calibrated flue through-flow area is determined;
the second judgment submodule is used for judging whether the ash deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a second preset value or not to obtain a second judgment result; the second judgment result is used for indicating that the ash deposition abnormality exists in the calibrated flue through-flow area when the ash deposition risk value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a second preset value;
the third judgment submodule is used for judging whether the wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a third preset value or not to obtain a third judgment result; the third judgment result is used for indicating that when the wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a third preset value, the wind speed deviation abnormality of the calibrated flue through-flow area is determined;
the fourth judgment submodule is used for judging whether the wear value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is smaller than a fourth preset value or not to obtain a fourth judgment result; and the fourth judgment result is used for indicating that the calibrated flue through-flow area has abnormal abrasion when the abrasion value of the calibrated flue through-flow area is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value.
9. The utility boiler abnormal operation condition detection system of claim 7, wherein the system further comprises:
and the display sub-module is used for displaying the smoke through flow, the ash deposition risk value, the wind speed deviation value and the abrasion value through a chart.
10. The method for detecting the abnormal operating conditions of the utility boiler according to claim 7, wherein the flue gas data calculation module specifically comprises:
a smoke flux calculation submodule for calculating the smoke flux according to a formula qi＝xi·AiCalculating the smoke flow of the calibrated flue through-flow area;
wherein q isiDenotes the flow rate of flue gas, x, of the flow area of the ith flueiDenotes the flue gas flow velocity of the i-th flue through-flow area, AiRepresenting the area of the ith flue flow area;
a dust deposition risk calculation submodule for calculating the risk of dust deposition according to a formula
Calculating the ash deposition risk value of the calibration flue through-flow area;
wherein, FiRepresenting the risk value of ash deposition, q, in the flow area of the ith fluedRepresenting the rated load smoke volume of the smoke channel, n representing the total number of the through-flow areas of the smoke channel, and k representing the coupling coefficient;
a wind speed deviation calculation submodule for calculating a deviation of a wind speed according to the formula Deltaxi＝(xi-S)/S calculating a wind speed deviation value of the calibrated flue through-flow area;
wherein, Δ xiThe deviation value of the wind speed of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, S represents the standard deviation of the flue gas flow speed,
means for representing an average of a plurality of flue gas flow rates;
an abrasion value calculating operator module for calculating the abrasion value according to the formula Fai＝(xi)mJ, calculating a wear value of a through flow area of the calibration flue;
wherein FaiThe wear value of the ith flue through-flow area is shown, and m, j represents the wear coefficient.
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