CN114456550A - Polyester composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Polyester composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114456550A
CN114456550A CN202111561203.4A CN202111561203A CN114456550A CN 114456550 A CN114456550 A CN 114456550A CN 202111561203 A CN202111561203 A CN 202111561203A CN 114456550 A CN114456550 A CN 114456550A
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polyester composite
calcium
glass fiber
brominated
parts
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CN114456550B (en
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郑一泉
陈平绪
叶南飚
王丰
丁超
冯健
付学俊
吴长波
刘鑫鑫
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Kingfa Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C08K5/03—Halogenated hydrocarbons aromatic, e.g. C6H5-CH2-Cl
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • C08K7/14—Glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/387—Borates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a polyester composite material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of thermoplastic polyester resin; 15-30 parts of a brominated flame retardant; 20-80 parts of glass fiber; 0.02-0.4 times of calcium borate and/or calcium metaborate in the weight content of the glass fiber. The invention finds that the GWIT of the polyester composite material can be effectively improved under the synergistic effect of the calcium borate and/or the calcium metaborate and the glass fiber, and the black spot in the processing process can also be reduced.

Description

Polyester composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a polyester composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The thermoplastic polyester material has the advantages of excellent electrical property, mechanical property, low price and the like, and is widely applied to industries such as electronics and electricity and the like for preparing motors, relays, capacitors and the like. With the gradual improvement of the flame-retardant standard of electric appliances, some materials requiring high hot filament ignition temperature are gradually accepted by the majority of enterprises, but the traditional bromine antimony flame-retardant thermoplastic polyester material has the problems of low hot filament ignition temperature and the like, and the use of the material is influenced.
CN102250450A teaches the use of a char-forming agent to improve the ignition temperature of hot filament thermoplastic polyester hot filaments. CN101928449A points out that the introduction of antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide, sodium antimonate, zinc borate and the like into thermoplastic polyester improves the hot wire ignition performance of the material. However, the antimony-containing compound has a certain toxicity, so that the antimony-containing compound cannot be applied to the field of frequent contact with human bodies, and meanwhile, zinc borate has a large influence on the mechanical properties of the polyester composite material, so that the zinc borate is difficult to be added in a large amount. In addition, in the prior art, the addition of borate is easy to cause a black spot phenomenon in the production process (see the attached figure 1 in the specification), and the appearance quality of the product, especially the appearance of a white product, is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polyester composite material with the advantage of high GWIT and good mechanical property. The invention also aims to provide a preparation method and application of the polyester composite material.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the polyester composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of thermoplastic polyester resin;
15-30 parts of brominated flame retardant;
20-80 parts of glass fiber;
calcium borate and/or calcium metaborate with the content of the glass fiber being 0.02 to 0.4 times of the content of the glass fiber.
The content of the calcium borate and/or the calcium metaborate is 0.05 to 0.25 time of the content of the glass fiber.
The calcium borate and calcium metaborate are anhydrous calcium borate and anhydrous calcium metaborate, i.e. do not contain crystal water.
The weight ratio of the calcium borate to the calcium metaborate is 1: 1-3. In order to simultaneously realize the balance of mechanical property and GWIT, the calcium borate and the calcium metaborate are compounded, and the weight ratio can further improve the GWIT, so that the calcium metaborate is suitable for products with higher GWIT values.
The average particle size of the calcium borate, calcium metaborate ranges from 0.3 to 15 microns, preferably from 0.5 to 5 microns.
The chemical formula of calcium borate is: ca3(BO3)2。
The chemical formula of calcium metaborate is: CaB2O4。
The calcium borate and calcium metaborate used for realizing the purpose of the invention can be commercially available products or can be derived from self-made products, and the method comprises the following steps:
polyacrylamide ACUSOL. 445N was purchased from Dow chemistry;
CaCO3acetone and boric acid were purchased from Shanghai Allantin Biotechnology Ltd.
Preparation of calcium borate: dissolving 0.5kg of ACUSOL 445N in 200kg of deionized water, stirring at room temperature, adding 18.6kg of boric acid to the aqueous solution, and adding 12.3kg of CaCO3Gradually adding the calcium borate into the high-speed stirring aqueous solution, obtaining calcium borate suspension when no gas is generated, filtering and drying to obtain calcium borate powder, and screening the powder to obtain calcium borate with different particle sizes.
Preparation of calcium metaborate: dissolving 0.8kg of ACUSOL 445N in 200kg of deionized water, stirring at room temperature, adding 28.6kg of boric acid to the aqueous solution, and adding 11kg of CaCO3Gradually adding into the high-speed stirred aqueous solution to obtain calcium borate when no gas is generatedAnd filtering and drying the suspension to obtain calcium borate powder, and screening the powder to obtain calcium metaborate with different particle sizes.
The purity of the calcium borate and the calcium metaborate obtained by the method is more than 99 percent, and the calcium borate and the calcium metaborate hardly contain other metal ions and crystal water.
The existing commercially available calcium borate and calcium metaborate are mainly obtained by crushing and screening natural minerals. Wherein calcium borate is also called colemanite, has crystal water and also contains a small amount of other impurities such as elements containing silicon, iron, aluminum and the like. The existing commercially available calcium metaborate also has crystal water.
In the resin matrix of the polyester composite, the average retention length of the glass fiber is between 60 and 400 micrometers, preferably the average retention length is between 150 and 350 micrometers, and further preferably the average retention length is between 200 and 300 micrometers. The glass fiber can be long glass fiber or chopped glass fiber, and the retention length of the glass fiber in the resin matrix is mainly controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the screw (the retention length can be slightly changed due to the addition of different glass fibers under the same rotating speed).
The thermoplastic polyester resin is at least one selected from PBT, PET, PETG and PC.
The brominated flame retardant is selected from at least one of decabromodiphenylethane, brominated polystyrene, polybrominated styrene, brominated epoxy resin, polyacrylic acid pentabromobenzyl ester, brominated polycarbonate, brominated bisphenol A, tetrabromophthalimide, brominated triazine and brominated melamine.
Whether 0-2 parts of auxiliary agent is added can be determined according to actual needs, and the auxiliary agent can be an antioxidant and a lubricant.
The preparation method of the polyester composite material comprises the following steps: according to the proportion, the components except the glass fiber are uniformly mixed, the mixture is fed into a double-screw extruder through a main feeding port, the glass fiber is laterally fed, and the polyester composite material is obtained through melting and shearing, wherein the temperature range of a screw cylinder is 210 plus 230 ℃, and the rotating speed is 200 plus 500 rpm.
The polyester composite material is applied to shells of motors and capacitors in electronic and electric appliances.
For being applied to the shells of motors and capacitors in electronic appliances, the GWIT of the polyester composite material is more than 825 ℃, and the notched impact strength of a cantilever beam is more than 5.1kJ/m2And the flexural modulus is more than 4100 MPa.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discovers that the anhydrous calcium borate and the calcium metaborate can obviously improve the GWIT of the polyester composite material and keep high flame retardance, has smaller influence on the mechanical property of the polyester composite material compared with other inorganic matters (antimony-containing inorganic compounds, zinc borate and the like), can reduce black spots in the processing process, improves the appearance of the polyester composite material, and has great application value.
Furthermore, the GWIT can be further improved by compounding the calcium borate and the calcium metaborate, and the method is suitable for products with higher GWIT values.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a black spot photograph.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The raw materials used in the invention are as follows:
PBT: 1200-211M, chemical engineering of Changchun (Jiangsu) Ltd;
PET: KH2678C, yingkou Kanghui Shi Limited;
glass fiber: ECS301HP-3, Chongqing International composite Co., Ltd;
decabromodiphenylethane: saytex 8010;
brominated polystyrene: saytex HP-5010 PST.
Calcium borate A: the average grain diameter is 0.32 micron, does not contain crystal water, and is prepared by self;
calcium borate B: the average grain diameter is 0.50 micron, does not contain crystal water, and is prepared by self;
calcium borate C: the average grain diameter is 4.9 microns, and the product does not contain crystal water and is prepared by self;
calcium borate D: the average grain diameter is 14.8 microns, and the product does not contain crystal water and is prepared by self;
calcium metaborate: the average grain diameter is 0.51 micron, does not contain crystal water, and is prepared by self;
colemanite hard: an average particle size of 17.2 microns, containing water of crystallization, turkish ETI;
aqueous calcium metaborate: aladdin, Ca (BO)2)2·2H2O；
Zinc borate: firebrake ZB, Reutou Co;
antimony white: the antimony industry, llc, of the tin mine twinkling stars;
lubricant: stearate esters, commercially available.
Examples and comparative examples preparation methods of polyester composites: according to the proportion, the components except the glass fiber are uniformly mixed, the mixture is fed into a double-screw extruder through a main feeding port, the glass fiber is fed laterally, the polyester composite material is obtained through melting and shearing, the temperature range of a screw cylinder is 210 plus 230 ℃, and the rotating speed is 200 plus 500rpm (the detailed rotating speed is shown in a table).
The test methods are as follows:
(1) GWIT: glow Wire Ignition Temperature (GWIT) test method for IEC 60695-2-13:2014 material.
(2) Notched izod impact strength: the Izod impact strength was measured according to GB/T1843-2008.
(3) Flexural modulus: the flexural properties of the plastics were determined according to ISO 178-2010.
(4) Black spot: 100g of extruded polyester composite particles (each particle having a diameter of 3mm and a length of 5 mm) were placed in a tray, and black spots (different color spots) therein were visually observed and counted for black spots having a diameter of more than 0.5mm (different color spots).
(5) Flame retardancy: and performing flame retardant rating test by using UL 94-2018.
(6) Average retention length of glass fiber: and (3) placing 5 g of particles in a crucible, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace at 650 ℃ for burning for 2 hours, taking out the particles, cooling to normal temperature, placing the rest solid powder on a two-dimensional microscope for observation, distinguishing the length of the particles, continuously reading 200 glass fibers, and finally performing mathematical averaging to obtain the average retention length.
Table 1: EXAMPLES 1-5 polyester composite Material content (parts by weight) and test results
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
PBT 100 100 100 100
PET 100
Decabromodiphenylethane 20 20 30 15
Brominated polystyrene 20
Glass fiber 50 50 50 20 80
Calcium borate B 5 5 5 0.5 8
Lubricant agent 0.3
Screw speed, rpm 450 450 430 400 400
Average glass fiber retention length in microns 234 230 243 240 256
GWIT，℃ 900 930 825 900 850
Notched Izod impact Strength, kJ/m2 7.5 6.3 6.1 6.9 8.2
Flexural modulus, MPa 7300 8300 7500 7800 7200
Black spot Is free of Is free of Is free of Is free of Is free of
Flame retardancy V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0
Table 2: examples 6-12 polyester composite Material content (parts by weight) and test results
Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Example 12
PBT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Decabromodiphenylethane 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Glass fiber 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Calcium borate B 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Screw speed, rpm 600 550 500 450 300 600 200
Average glass fiber retention length in microns 82 154 200 293 346 60 391
GWIT，℃ 930 900 900 900 875 930 850
Notched Izod impact Strength, kJ/m2 5.2 5.8 6.3 7.9 8.2 5.1 8.7
Flexural modulus, MPa 4600 5300 6300 7200 7210 4100 7800
Black spot Is free of Is free of Is free of Is free of Is free of Is free of Is free of
Flame retardancy V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0
From examples 1/6-12, it is clear that the retention length of the glass fibers significantly influences the GWIT value and the mechanical properties: most preferably 200-300 microns, wherein the GWIT is 900 ℃ and the mechanical property can also meet the requirements of most products; 150-350 microns is preferred, the GWIT is 900 ℃ and the mechanical property is low when the retention length of the glass fiber is close to 150 microns, but the glass fiber retention length can be applied to a scene with no particularly high requirement on the mechanical property, and the GWIT is 875 ℃ but the mechanical property is high when the retention length of the glass fiber is close to 350 microns, so that the glass fiber retention length is suitable for a scene with a higher requirement on the mechanical property. When the retention length of the glass is close to 60 microns, the GWIT reaches 930 ℃, and the glass has low mechanical property but is suitable for a scene with low requirement on mechanical property and higher requirement on GWIT temperature.
Table 3: EXAMPLES 13-19 polyester composite Material content (parts by weight) and test results
Example 13 Example 14 Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 Example 19
PBT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Decabromodiphenylethane 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Glass fiber 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Calcium borate B 1 2.5 12.5 20
Calcium borate A 5
Calcium borate C 5
Calcium borate D 5
Screw speed, rpm 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
Average glass fiber retention length in microns 231 245 239 233 243 250 249
GWIT，℃ 850 900 900 930 850 875 850
Notched Izod impact Strength, kJ/m2 8.1 7.5 5.6 5.3 5.8 6.3 5.2
Flexural modulus, MPa 7300 7300 7700 7900 7300 7150 7000
Black spot 3 Is free of Is free of Is free of Is composed of Is free of Is free of
Flame retardancy V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0
From examples 1/13-16, it is clear that the preferred formulation of calcium borate with glass fibers has no black spots, and that GWIT reaches 900 ℃ and that notched Izod impact strength and flexural modulus are sufficiently maintained at high levels.
From examples 1/17 to 19, it is clear that the particle size of calcium borate significantly affects GWIT and mechanical properties, and that within the preferred particle size range GWIT, higher notched impact strength and better flame retardancy are obtained.
Table 4: examples 20-25 polyester composite Material content (parts by weight) and test results
Example 20 Example 21 Example 22 Example 23 Example 24 Example 25
PBT 100 100 100 100 100 100
Decabromodiphenylethane 20 20 20 20 20 20
Glass fiber 50 50 50 50 50 50
Calcium borate B 3.33 2.5 1.67 1.25 1
Calcium metaborate 5 1.67 2.5 3.33 3.75 4
Screw speed, rpm 400 400 400 400 400 400
Average glass fiber retention length in microns 237 246 236 240 244 241
GWIT，℃ 875 900 930 930 930 900
Notched Izod impact Strength, kJ/m2 7.1 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.9 7.8
Flexural modulus, MPa 7300 7900 7300 7250 7200 7100
Black spot Is free of Is free of Is free of Is free of Is free of Is free of
Flame retardancy V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0
From examples 1/20-25, it can be seen that the ratio of calcium borate: higher GWIT when calcium metaborate =1:1-3 range.
Table 5: comparative example polyester composite Material Each component content (parts by weight) and test results
Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3 Comparative example 4 Comparative example 5 Comparative example 6
PBT 100 100 100 100 100 100
Decabromodiphenylethane 20 20 20 20 20 20
Glass fiber 50 50 50 50 50 50
Calcium borate B 0.5 25
Colemanite borate 5
Hydrous calcium metaborate 5
Zinc borate 5
Antimony white 5
Screw speed, rpm 450 450 450 450 450 450
Average glass fiber retention length in microns 232 244 239 233 248 242
GWIT，℃ 825 850 800 775 825 750
Notched Izod impact Strength, kJ/m2 9.1 3.1 5.3 4.5 2.1 7.3
Flexural modulus, MPa 7300 8200 7700 7900 7300 7150
Black spot 8 Is free of 11 Is free of 9 10
Flame retardancy V-1 V-0 V-1 V-0 V-0 V-0
As is clear from comparative example 1/2, when the amount of calcium borate added is too low, not only the flame retardance is not reached at V-0, but also the number of black spots is large; when the amount of calcium borate added is too large, the izod notched impact strength is too low.
As can be seen from comparative example 3, the colemanite obtained from a commercially available natural mineral did not achieve the technical effect of reducing black spots, and was inferior in flame retardancy and GWIT.
As can be seen from comparative example 4, commercially available hydrated calcium metaborate does not increase GWIT as much as anhydrous calcium metaborate.
From comparative example 5, it is understood that the zinc borate has a large influence on the mechanical properties and is not able to suppress black spots.
As can be seen from comparative example 6, the GWIT of antimony white as a flame retardant synergist was low and black spots could not be suppressed.

Claims (10)

1. The polyester composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of thermoplastic polyester resin;
15-30 parts of brominated flame retardant;
20-80 parts of glass fiber;
0.02-0.4 times of calcium borate and/or calcium metaborate in the weight content of the glass fiber.
2. The polyester composite according to claim 1, wherein the content of calcium borate and/or calcium metaborate is 0.05-0.25 times the content of glass fibers.
3. The polyester composite of claim 1 or 2, wherein the calcium borate and calcium metaborate are anhydrous calcium borate, anhydrous calcium metaborate.
4. The polyester composite according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the weight ratio of calcium borate to calcium metaborate is 1 (1-3).
5. A polyester composite according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the average particle size of the calcium borate and calcium metaborate is in the range of 0.3-15 microns, preferably 0.5-5 microns.
6. The polyester composite according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average retention length of the glass fibers in the resin matrix of the polyester composite is between 60 and 400 microns, preferably between 150 and 350 microns, further preferably between 200 and 300 microns.
7. The polyester composite according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermoplastic polyester resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of PBT, PET, PETG, PC; the brominated flame retardant is selected from at least one of decabromodiphenylethane, brominated polystyrene, polybrominated styrene, brominated epoxy resin, polyacrylic acid pentabromobenzyl ester, brominated polycarbonate, brominated bisphenol A, tetrabromophthalimide, brominated triazine and brominated melamine.
8. The polyester composite material according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising 0 to 2 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent, wherein the auxiliary agent is at least one selected from an antioxidant and a lubricant.
9. A process for the preparation of a polyester composite according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: according to the proportion, the components except the glass fiber are uniformly mixed, the mixture is fed into a double-screw extruder through a main feeding port, the glass fiber is laterally fed, and the polyester composite material is obtained through melting and shearing, wherein the temperature range of a screw cylinder is 210-230 ℃, and the rotating speed of a screw is 200-500 rpm.
10. Use of the polyester composite according to any of claims 1 to 8 for the housing of motors, capacitors in electronic appliances.
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