CN114376108A - Feed and feed additive for improving egg quality - Google Patents
Feed and feed additive for improving egg quality Download PDFInfo
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- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed and a feed additive for improving egg quality, wherein the feed additive comprises selenium-rich black tea, a microecological preparation, organic trace elements and a raspberry seed polyphenol extract, and the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-60 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 18-25 parts of microecologics, 15-25 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 1-5 parts of organic trace elements. The invention aims to improve the body function of the laying hens by adding the feed additive into the feed so as to improve the oxidation resistance and the immunity of the laying hens, realize the improvement of the disease resistance and the nutrition absorption and conversion capability of the laying hens, further promote the egg laying performance of the laying hens and improve the egg quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a feed and a feed additive for improving the quality of eggs.
Background
At present, the scale and the intensification degree of the laying hen industry in China are continuously improved, eggs become an important source of protein intake of people, and in the traditional breeding industry, feed usually contains a large amount of antibiotic drugs, so that the morbidity of livestock and poultry is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, but the quality of livestock products is reduced, and the harm is caused to human health. With the comprehensive prohibition of using antibiotics in feeds in China, the reduction of the production performance of livestock and poultry, the increase of the death and culling rate and the like caused by the antibiotics become problems to be solved urgently. The prior invention application with the publication number of CN110881566A discloses a black tea feed, a preparation method and a method for breeding laying hens in a black tea water-soaking mode, although the egg yield and the egg quality of the laying hens are improved to a certain extent, the improvement is limited, the treatment mode of the black tea cannot well obtain the nutrient components in the tea, and further cannot efficiently improve the production performance of the laying hens.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a feed and a feed additive for improving the quality of eggs, and aims to solve the technical problems of improving the quality of livestock and poultry products.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a feed additive for improving the quality of eggs, which comprises selenium-enriched black tea, a microecological preparation, organic trace elements and a raspberry seed polyphenol extract, wherein the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-60 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 18-25 parts of microecologics, 15-25 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 1-5 parts of organic trace elements.
Optionally, the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 20-25 parts of microecologics, 15-22 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 1-3 parts of organic trace elements.
Optionally, the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 22.5 parts of microecologics, 20 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 2.5 parts of organic trace elements.
Optionally, the selenium-rich dark tea is obtained by performing fermentation treatment on a dark tea raw material in advance, and performing drying and crushing to less than 200 microns after the fermentation is completed.
Optionally, the fermentation treatment step comprises: firstly, drying and crushing the black tea raw material at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, then spraying active liquid on the surface of the black tea powder, and sealing and fermenting for 4-6 days at the temperature of 32-37 ℃.
Optionally, the active liquid comprises a mixed solution of a lactic acid bacteria liquid and a sodium selenite aqueous solution in a preset volume ratio of (2-5): 98.
Optionally, the raspberry seed polyphenol extract is obtained by drying and crushing raspberry fruits to obtain raspberry seed powder, adding the raspberry seed powder into an ethanol solution with the concentration of 60% according to a preset material-to-liquid ratio, then performing centrifugal extraction to obtain a raspberry seed polyphenol extract, and drying the raspberry seed polyphenol extract.
Optionally, the organic trace elements include amino acid zinc chelate, amino acid iron chelate, amino acid copper chelate, amino acid manganese chelate and yeast selenium, wherein the weight ratio of the amino acid zinc chelate, the amino acid copper chelate, the amino acid manganese chelate and the yeast selenium is 72:187:17:72: 13.
Optionally, the microecological preparation comprises lactic acid bacteria, yeast and bacillus in a weight ratio of 3:2: 1.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a feed for improving egg quality, which comprises the feed additive for improving egg quality according to any one of the above items in an amount of 1% to 1.5% by mass.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: by adding the selenium-rich black tea, the microecologics, the organic trace elements and the raspberry seed polyphenol extract, the content of effective nutrient components in the feed is improved, the digestion and utilization of nutrient substances by the laying hens are promoted, the laying rate is improved, the laying weight is increased, and the production performance of the laying hens is improved; the selenium-rich black tea is prepared by fermenting black tea residues and contains rich trace element selenium which is necessary for human bodies, and a feasible method is provided for supplementing selenium elements to human bodies by feeding laying hens to increase the selenium content in eggs; and polyphenol compounds in raspberry seeds are extracted for feeding the laying hens, so that the oxidation resistance and the immunity of the laying hens can be improved, the stress reaction of the laying hens is relieved, the survival rate of the laying hens is improved, the laying hens cannot generate drug resistance and drug resistance, and the laid eggs are rich in nutritive value and contain no hormone or antibiotic; meanwhile, the resource reuse can be promoted. In addition, the feed conversion rate can be obviously improved, the feed cost can be reduced, and the economic benefit can be increased.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a feed additive for improving egg quality, which comprises selenium-rich black tea, a microecological preparation, organic trace elements and a raspberry seed polyphenol extract. The feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-60 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 18-25 parts of microecologics, 15-25 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 1-5 parts of organic trace elements. Preferably, the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 20-25 parts of microecologics, 15-22 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 1-3 parts of organic trace elements; most preferably, the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 22.5 parts of microecologics, 20 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 2.5 parts of organic trace elements.
Further, the selenium-rich dark tea is obtained by performing fermentation treatment on a dark tea raw material in advance, and performing drying and crushing to less than 200 microns after the fermentation is completed. Specifically, the raw material of the dark tea can be waste tea generated in the production, transportation and packaging processes of the dark tea. And, the fermentation treatment step comprises: firstly, removing impurities from the black tea raw material, drying the black tea raw material in an oven at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ until the water content is not higher than 8%, spraying active liquid on the surface of the black tea powder after drying, sealing and fermenting for 4-6 days at the temperature of 32-37 ℃, drying again, crushing, and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve to finally obtain the selenium-enriched black tea powder.
Further, the active liquid comprises a mixed solution of lactic acid bacteria liquid and sodium selenite water solution in a preset volume ratio. Specifically, the volume ratio of the mixed solution of lactobacillus liquid and sodium selenite aqueous solution is (2-5): 98, preferably 2% of the lactobacillus liquid, 98% of the sodium selenite aqueous solution, and the lactobacillus liquid is prepared by mixing substrates of certain components, adjusting the pH value to 6-6.8, boiling, heating, sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure, ensuring that the fungus content in the substrate liquid does not exceed the preset range, then inoculating and culturing target lactobacillus, and in the embodiment, diluting the substrate liquid by normal saline until the total number of lactobacillus is (0.8-1.2) × 108CFU/mL, wherein the adopted base solution comprises peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, glucose, sodium acetate, diamine citrate, tween, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium carbonate and agar which are preset components, the parts of the components can be adjusted in a direct ratio according to actual needs, the boiling time is 2-5 minutes, the high temperature is 120-140 ℃, and the high pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa. In addition, the sodium selenite concentration is 30 μ g/ml.
Further, the raspberry seed polyphenol extract is obtained by drying and crushing raspberry fruits to obtain raspberry seed powder, adding the raspberry seed powder into an ethanol solution with the concentration of 60% according to a preset material-liquid ratio, then carrying out centrifugal extraction to obtain a raspberry seed polyphenol extracting solution, and drying the raspberry seed polyphenol extracting solution. Specifically, preparing raspberry seed powder, namely firstly, flushing raspberry fruits with water in a water flowing tank, then, putting the raspberry fruits on a conveyor belt for water spraying and cleaning, mashing the raspberry fruits after removing stems by using a tissue mashing machine, squeezing juice by using a squeezing machine, washing and removing residues to obtain raspberry seeds, wherein the length of the raspberry seeds is 2.3-2.9mm, the width of the raspberry seeds is 1.2-1.5mm, then, flushing the raspberry seeds with flowing water until the raspberry seeds are clean, draining, drying the raspberry seeds at 60 ℃ to constant weight, and crushing the raspberry seeds by using a crushing machine, and sieving the raspberry seeds by using a 80-mesh sieve to obtain raspberry seed powder; secondly, extracting raspberry seed polyphenol extract, which comprises the following steps of 1 g: (40-50) adding 60% ethanol solution into mL, heating to 50 ℃ under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and oscillating for 3-5 h on an oscillator to extract to obtain an ethanol mixture containing raspberry seed polyphenol; and thirdly, removing the solvent, centrifuging the extracted mixture in a centrifuge for 20min to enable the solvent to be layered, then carrying out rotary evaporation, recovering the solvent to obtain raspberry seed polyphenol extracting solution, and freeze-drying to obtain raspberry seed polyphenol extract powder.
Further, the organic trace elements comprise amino acid zinc chelate, amino acid iron chelate, amino acid copper chelate, amino acid manganese chelate and yeast selenium, wherein the weight ratio of the amino acid zinc chelate to the amino acid copper chelate to the amino acid manganese chelate to the yeast selenium is 72:187:17:72: 13.
Further, the microecological preparation comprises lactic acid bacteria, yeast and bacillus, the weight ratio of the lactic acid bacteria to the yeast to the bacillus is 3:2:1, and the bacillus is preferably bacillus natto.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a feed for improving egg quality, which comprises the feed additive for improving egg quality according to any one of the above items in an amount of 1% to 1.5% by mass, and the feed is obtained by mixing and stirring a basic feed with a predetermined component according to the feed additive.
Further, in order to verify the corresponding effects produced by the feed additive of the present invention, the present invention performs the corresponding verification test given.
In the case of the example 1, the following examples are given,
the feed additive provided by the invention is used for preparing corresponding feed, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing an active liquid: 2 percent of lactobacillus liquid and 98 percent of sodium selenite aqueous solution according to the volume ratio.
Preparing lactic acid bacteria liquid: uniformly mixing 10.0 parts of peptone, 10.0 parts of beef extract, 5.0 parts of yeast extract, 20.0 parts of glucose, 5.0 parts of sodium acetate, 2.0 parts of diamine citrate, 801.0 parts of tween, 0.4 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.29 part of manganese sulfate, 20.0 parts of calcium carbonate and 15.0 parts of agar as a substrate by weight, controlling the pH to be 6.3, heating after stirring, boiling for 2min, sterilizing at 121 ℃ and 0.1Mpa to ensure that the bacteria content in the substrate liquid is not more than a preset range, then inoculating the target lactic acid bacteria, culturing, and diluting by using normal saline until the total number of the lactic acid bacteria is about 1.0 multiplied by 108CFU/mL; wherein the concentration of sodium selenite is 30 μ g/ml.
(2) Preparing the selenium-rich dark tea: removing impurities from the black tea raw material, drying at 65 ℃ until the water content is not higher than 8% and the dry matter content is 92%, uniformly spraying 20-30 g of the active liquid prepared in the step (1) on the surface of every 100g of black tea residues after crushing, sealing and fermenting for 4-6 days at 32-37 ℃, drying and crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the selenium-rich black tea powder.
(3) Preparing a microecological preparation: the microecological preparation takes probiotics such as high-quality lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus natto and the like as strains, and is formed by mixing 3 parts of lactobacillus, 2 parts of saccharomycetes and 1 part of bacillus natto in parts by weight, and the viable count of each strain is lactobacillus 2 multiplied by 108CFU/kg, yeast 3X 107CFU/kg, Bacillus natto 2 × 108CFU/kg。
(4) Preparing raspberry seed polyphenol extract: the raspberry seed polyphenol extract is raspberry seed polyphenol extract powder, raspberry fruits are washed with water in a water flowing tank, then the raspberry fruits are washed cleanly by spraying water on a conveyor belt, a tissue mashing machine is used for mashing the raspberry fruits after pedicles are removed, a squeezing machine is used for squeezing juice, washing is carried out for removing slag, raspberry seeds are obtained, the length is 2.3-2.9mm, the width is 1.2-1.5mm, then the raspberry seeds are washed cleanly by flowing water, the raspberry seeds are dried to constant weight at 60 ℃ after being drained, the water content is not higher than 8%, the raspberry seeds are crushed by a crushing machine and sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, and raspberry seed powder is obtained according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: adding 60% ethanol solution into 50(g: mL), heating at 50 deg.C in dark condition, shaking for 3.5 hr in a shaking apparatus to obtain ethanol mixture containing raspberry seed polyphenol, centrifuging at 4000r/min in a centrifuge at 4 deg.C for 20min, rotary evaporating, recovering solvent to obtain raspberry seed polyphenol extractive solution, and freeze drying to obtain raspberry seed polyphenol extract powder.
(5) Preparation of organic trace elements: according to the weight parts, 72 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 187 parts of amino acid chelated iron, 17 parts of amino acid chelated copper, 72 parts of amino acid chelated manganese and 13 parts of yeast selenium are mixed.
(6) Mixing the selenium-rich dark tea powder in the step (2), the microecological preparation in the step (3), the organic trace elements in the step (5) and the raspberry seed polyphenol extract in the step (4), wherein the selenium-rich dark tea extract comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55% of selenium-rich black tea, 22.5% of microecological preparation, 20% of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 2.5% of organic trace elements, and finally mixing to obtain the selenium-rich black tea feed additive.
(7) And (3) mixing the selenium-rich dark tea feed additive obtained in the step (6) with the basic feed in an amount of 1% and 1.5% by weight respectively, and stirring uniformly to obtain the feed used in the example 2.
Example 2
240-feather Roman pink shell laying hens with 25-week-old body weight and close laying rate are selected for the test, and the test is randomly divided into 3 groups, each group is 5 in repetition, and each group is 16 in repetition. The control group was fed with basal diet and the test group was fed with feed supplemented with 1% and 1.5% of feed additives to the basal diet, respectively, according to the feed prepared in example 1, with a pre-test period of 1 week and a normal test period of 6 weeks. Experimental laying hens are raised in an upper layer and a lower layer of ladder cages, are repeatedly and uniformly distributed in a henhouse, feed and drink water freely, natural illumination and artificial illumination are combined, natural ventilation and transverse negative pressure ventilation are combined, chicken manure is cleaned and eggs are picked up twice each day, and immunization and henhouse disinfection are carried out on the laying hens according to a conventional procedure.
During the test period, the average feed intake of each group of laying hens, the daily egg production and the total egg weight are recorded every day. At the end of the test, 6 eggs were randomly picked from each replicate and tested for egg quality, the group dates were marked and stored in a 4 ℃ freezer for egg quality determination and analysis, and the results of the analysis were expressed as mean values.
TABLE 1 influence of 1% and 1.5% of feed additives in daily ration on laying hen production performance
As can be seen from table 1, in the group with 1%, although the death rate of the laying hens was substantially balanced with that of the control group, the average egg weight was increased, the laying rate was also increased, and the feed-egg ratio was lower than that of the control group, thereby increasing the feed conversion rate; and aiming at the situation that the death and culling rate of the laying hens is obviously lower than that of the control group when the 1.5 percent group is used, the average egg weight and the laying rate are more than 1 percent and are obviously more than that of the control group, and the feed-egg ratio of the 1 percent group and the 1.5 percent group has little fluctuation, so that the feed conversion rate is obviously improved, the feed cost is reduced, and the death and culling rate of the laying hens is reduced along with the use of the additive. Therefore, the feed additive provided by the invention is beneficial to improving the egg laying performance of laying hens, the feed-egg ratio based on 1% group and 1.5% group does not fluctuate greatly, and the dosage of the feed additive cannot be increased without limit.
TABLE 2 influence of 1% and 1.5% feed additives in daily ration on egg quality
Table 2 shows that the quality of eggs laid by laying hens using the feed group of the present invention is significantly better than that of the control group, the eggs of the black tea feed additive group have absolute advantages in terms of egg height, hough unit and egg shape index, and the eggshell strength is significantly improved, and in addition, the yolk color is also improved to a certain extent. The result shows that the dark tea feed additive of the invention is helpful for improving the quality of the eggs. Meanwhile, the basic fluctuation of the yolk color, the egg shape index and the egg white height is small for 1% group and 1.5% group, the 1% group is more advantageous than the 1.5% group in the eggshell strength and the yolk weight, and the weight of the yolk is lower than that of the control group in the 1.5% group of the yolk weight and the yolk weight, so that the weight of the yolk and the yolk weight is reduced while the feed additive is added.
TABLE 3 influence of 1% and 1.5% feed additives in daily ration on egg nutrient content
TABLE 4 influence of 1%, 1.5% feed additives in the daily ration on the amino acid content of eggs (mg/g)
From tables 3 and 4, it can be seen that: the invention can meet the nutritional requirements of laying hens, also reduces the contents of crude fat, free fatty acid and the like in eggs, and obviously reduces the contents of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, in addition, the invention improves the contents of flavor amino acids such as alanine, glycine, arginine, aspartic acid and the like in eggs, and obviously improves the content of high-density lipoprotein in egg yolk, the high-density lipoprotein can carry cholesterol in tissues and convert the cholesterol into bile acid or directly discharge the bile from intestinal tracts through bile, and the increase of the high-density lipoprotein can promote the discharge of the cholesterol. The result shows that the invention can improve the content of nutrient substances in the eggs, improve the mouthfeel of the eggs and reduce the content of cholesterol. Meanwhile, the content of serine and isoleucine in the 1.5% group is obviously lower than that in the 1% group, so the dosage of the feed additive is not too much; meanwhile, the content of triglyceride in the 1.5% group is obviously higher than that of the 1% group and slightly higher than that of the control group, and therefore, the dosage of the feed additive needs to be controlled in a proper range.
TABLE 5 influence of 1%, 1.5% feed additives in the daily ration on selenium content in eggs (mg/kg)
As can be seen from Table 5, the selenium content in the 1% group and the 1.5% group of the invention is obviously higher than that in the control group, and the selenium-enriched eggs with the selenium content of 0.2-0.5mg/kg are satisfied, therefore, the proper amount of the additive added into the feed for laying hens can increase the selenium content in the eggs laid by the laying hens, and the feed provided by the invention is beneficial to the production of the selenium-enriched eggs.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent flow transformations made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The feed additive for improving the quality of eggs is characterized by comprising selenium-enriched black tea, a microecological preparation, organic trace elements and a raspberry seed polyphenol extract, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-60 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 18-25 parts of microecologics, 15-25 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 1-5 parts of organic trace elements.
2. The feed additive for improving the quality of eggs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 20-25 parts of microecologics, 15-22 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 1-3 parts of organic trace elements.
3. The feed additive for improving the quality of eggs as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of selenium-rich black tea, 22.5 parts of microecologics, 20 parts of raspberry seed polyphenol extract and 2.5 parts of organic trace elements.
4. The feed additive for improving the quality of eggs as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the selenium-rich dark tea is obtained by processing dark tea raw materials through fermentation in advance, and performing drying and crushing to less than 200 microns after the fermentation is completed.
5. A feed additive for improving egg quality as claimed in claim 4 wherein the fermentation treatment step comprises: firstly, drying and crushing the black tea raw material at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, then spraying active liquid on the surface of the black tea powder, and sealing and fermenting for 4-6 days at the temperature of 32-37 ℃.
6. The feed additive for improving the quality of eggs according to claim 5, wherein the active liquid comprises a mixed solution of lactobacillus liquid and sodium selenite water solution in a preset volume ratio of (2-5): 98.
7. The feed additive for improving the quality of eggs as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the raspberry seed polyphenol extract is obtained by drying and crushing raspberry fruits to obtain raspberry seed powder, adding the raspberry seed powder into an ethanol solution with a concentration of 60% according to a preset feed-liquid ratio, then obtaining a raspberry seed polyphenol extract through centrifugal extraction, and drying the raspberry seed polyphenol extract.
8. The feed additive for improving the quality of eggs according to claim 7, wherein the organic trace elements comprise amino acid zinc chelate, amino acid iron chelate, amino acid copper chelate, amino acid manganese chelate and yeast selenium, wherein the weight ratio of the amino acid zinc chelate, the amino acid copper chelate, the amino acid manganese chelate and the yeast selenium is 72:187:17:72: 13.
9. The feed additive for improving the quality of eggs according to claim 8, wherein the microecological agent comprises lactic acid bacteria, yeast and bacillus in a weight ratio of 3:2: 1.
10. Feed for improving the quality of eggs, characterized in that the feed comprises the feed additive for improving the quality of eggs according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in an amount of 1 to 1.5% by mass.
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