Smashing device for preparing biomass raw materials from agricultural and forestry waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass raw material production, in particular to a crushing device for preparing biomass raw materials from agricultural and forestry waste.
Background
The agricultural and forestry wastes mainly comprise straws, rice hulls, edible fungus matrixes, leftover materials, firewood, barks, peanut shells, branches, rolled barks, wood shavings and the like. The agricultural and forestry wastes can be used for preparing biomass fuel, and are essential to the crushing link in the processing flow of the agricultural and forestry wastes.
Because can produce a large amount of particulate matters that suspend in the air in the shredding process to the forestry and agricultural residues, the conventional means in the past is with filtering and collecting as the main means, and then filters out the particulate matter that has the flammability of collecting and clear up out reducing mechanism for some forestry and agricultural residues are wasted in the processing, and then reduce reducing mechanism machining efficiency.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field propose a crushing device for preparing biomass raw materials by agricultural and forestry waste so as to solve the problems proposed in the background.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crushing device for preparing a biomass raw material from agricultural and forestry waste, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an agricultural and forestry discarded object preparation biomass feedstock's reducing mechanism, includes the mainframe box, still includes:
the material distributing device is arranged on one side of the main case and is used for treating agricultural and forestry waste in a segmented manner;
the crushing knife roll is arranged in the main case and is used for crushing and treating agricultural and forestry wastes;
a thermal power device connected with the mainframe box, wherein the thermal power device comprises a first filter screen arranged in the mainframe box, an air suction pipe is also arranged in the mainframe box, a first fan is arranged on the air suction pipe, a casing fixedly connected with the mainframe box is arranged at one end of the air suction pipe, a compression combustion chamber communicated with the air suction pipe is arranged in the machine shell, a driving telescopic rod is arranged in the machine shell, the driving telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a pushing block, the machine shell is connected with a separating block which is connected with the machine shell in a sliding way through a first spring, the machine shell is connected with a separator through a first motor, the push block, the separator and the separator are all connected with a second filter screen in a sliding way, the second filter screen is fixedly arranged in the machine shell, an ignition device is arranged in the machine shell, and the compression combustion chamber is connected with the material distributing device and the main case through a communicating pipe;
and the shaking device is arranged in the material distribution device and connected with the communicating pipe, and is used for providing vibration for the material distribution device.
As a further improvement of the invention: feed divider includes the auxiliary engine case with mainframe box fixed connection, the guide rail is installed to the auxiliary engine incasement, guide rail sliding connection has the material structure of carrying, auxiliary engine incasement fixed mounting has the second motor, the second motor is connected with cutting blade through transmission structure.
As a further improvement of the invention: the material carrying structure comprises a rack which is in sliding connection with the guide rail, the rack is rotationally connected with a material carrying plate, a through groove matched with the cutting blade is formed in the material carrying plate, and the material carrying plate is connected with the rack through a second spring.
As a further improvement of the invention: the equal fixed mounting in year flitch both sides has outstanding axle, frame one side fixed mounting has the third spring, the one end fixed mounting that the frame was kept away from to the third spring has the sliding block, sliding block and outstanding axle sliding connection, sliding block sliding connection have with frame fixed connection's guide block, still install the roof in the frame, the roof is used for the butt sliding block.
As a further improvement of the invention: the auxiliary case is internally and fixedly provided with a third motor, an output shaft of the third motor is fixedly connected with a pressing frame, and the pressing frame is movably connected with the rotating wheel.
As a further improvement of the invention: and a screen plate is arranged in the mainframe box.
As a further improvement of the invention: the shaking device comprises a diaphragm arranged in the auxiliary case, air cavities are arranged in the diaphragm and the auxiliary case, the air cavities are connected with a pressure release valve and a reversing valve, the reversing valve is fixedly connected with a pressure division pipe, and the reversing valve is connected with a communicating pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the feed divider cuts the agricultural and forestry waste into multiple sections and conveys the agricultural and forestry waste into the main case, the agricultural and forestry waste falling into the main case is crushed by the crushing cutter roller, when the agricultural and forestry waste is cut and crushed, suspended particles of the agricultural and forestry waste can be generated, under the drive of the first fan, the meshes of the first filter screen allow the particles of the agricultural and forestry waste to pass through, so that the particles pass through the first filter screen and enter the compression combustion chamber along the air suction pipe, the particles are intercepted by the second filter screen, the particles are stacked on the second filter screen, then the driving telescopic rod drives the pushing and pressing block to move, the pushing and pressing block pushes the particles on the second filter screen to move towards the direction of the separating piece, on the other hand, the pushing and pressing block pushes the separating block, so that the separating block is jacked and compresses the first spring, the pushing and pressing block and the separating piece jointly compress the particles, so that the particles of the agricultural and forestry waste are compressed, the ignition device ignites the compressed particles, the particles are combusted to generate hot air, and the hot air enters the shaking device along the communicating pipe under the driving of the air flow passing through the second filter screen, so that the shaking device is driven to shake. The invention fully utilizes the flammability of the agricultural and forestry waste, collects and compresses suspended particles in the air which originally have explosion danger, and the compressed particles are ignited and then stably combusted to provide power for the shaking device, thereby being efficient and safe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the present invention at A;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the present invention at B;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the partitioning member of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the loading structure of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the loading structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a main chassis; 2. a material distributing device; 201. a sub-chassis; 202. a guide rail; 203. a material loading structure; 2031. a frame; 2032. a material carrying plate; 2033. a through groove; 2034. a second spring; 2035. a protruding shaft; 2036. a third spring; 2037. a slider; 2038. a guide block; 2039. a top plate; 20310. a fixed mount; 20311. a rotating wheel; 20312. a third motor; 20313. pressing a frame; 204. a second motor; 205. a transmission structure; 206. a cutting blade; 3. a crushing knife roll; 4. a thermal power plant; 401. a first filter screen; 402. an air suction pipe; 403. a first fan; 404. a housing; 405. a compression combustion chamber; 406. driving a telescopic rod; 407. a push block; 408. a first spring; 409. a spacer block; 410. a first motor; 411. a separator; 412. a second filter screen; 413. an ignition device; 414. a communicating pipe; 5. a dithering device; 501. a diaphragm; 502. an air cavity; 503. a pressure relief valve; 504. a diverter valve; 505. a pressure dividing pipe; 6. a material sieving plate; 7. and a material receiving box.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 6, a crushing device for preparing biomass raw material from agricultural and forestry waste comprises a main case 1, and further comprises:
the material distributing device 2 is arranged on one side of the main case 1, and the material distributing device 2 is used for treating agricultural and forestry waste in a segmented manner;
the crushing knife roll 3 is arranged in the main case 1, and the crushing knife roll 3 is used for crushing and processing agricultural and forestry waste;
thermal power device 4 that is connected with mainframe box 1, thermal power device 4 is including installing first filter screen 401 in mainframe box 1, and first filter screen 401 is used for intercepting massive agriculture and forestry discarded object, and the mesh of first filter screen 401 allows the particulate matter of agriculture and forestry discarded object to pass through, still install aspiration channel 402 in mainframe box 1, the one end and the first filter screen 401 fixed connection of aspiration channel 402, and the one end that aspiration channel 402 is close to first filter screen 401 is loudspeaker form, install first fan 403 on the aspiration channel 402, the casing 404 with mainframe box 1 fixed connection is installed to the one end of aspiration channel 402, be provided with the compression combustion chamber 405 that is linked together with aspiration channel 402 in the casing 404, install initiative telescopic link 406 in the casing 404, initiative 406 can preferably be electric telescopic link, initiative telescopic link 406 also preferably is hydraulic telescopic link, the driving telescopic rod 406 is fixedly connected with a pushing block 407, the machine shell 404 is connected with a separating block 409 which is slidably connected with the machine shell 404 through a first spring 408, the machine shell 404 is connected with a separating part 411 through a first motor 410, the first motor 410 is fixedly connected with the machine shell 404, the first motor 410 can be preferably a servo motor, the first motor 410 can also be preferably a stepping motor, notches are arranged on two sides of the separating part 411, a second filter screen 412 is slidably connected with the pushing block 407, the separating block 409 and the separating part 411, the second filter screen 412 is fixedly installed in the machine shell 404, an ignition device 413 is installed in the machine shell 404, and the compression combustion chamber 405 is connected with the material separating device 2 and the main case 1 through a communicating pipe 414;
and a shaking device 5 installed in the material distribution device 2, wherein the shaking device 5 is connected with the communication pipe 414 and is used for providing vibration for the material distribution device.
The material dividing device 2 divides the agricultural and forestry waste into a plurality of sections and conveys the agricultural and forestry waste into the main case 1, the agricultural and forestry waste falling into the main case 1 is crushed by the crushing cutter roller 3, suspended particles of the agricultural and forestry waste are generated when the agricultural and forestry waste is divided and crushed, under the driving of the first fan 403, the particles of the agricultural and forestry waste are allowed to pass through due to meshes of the first filter screen 401, so that the particles pass through the first filter screen 401 and enter the compression combustion chamber 405 along the air suction pipe 402, the particles are intercepted by the second filter screen 412, the particles are deposited on the second filter screen 412, then the driving telescopic rod 406 drives the pushing block 407 to move, the pushing block 407 pushes the particles on the second filter screen 412 to move towards the direction of the separating piece 411, on the other hand, the pushing block 407 pushes the separating block 409 to push up and compress the first spring 408, the pushing block 407 and the separating piece 411 compress the particles together, so that the particles of the agricultural and forestry waste are compacted, the ignition device 413 ignites the compressed particles, the particles are combusted to generate hot gas, and the hot gas enters the shaking device 5 along the communicating pipe 414 under the driving of the air flow passing through the second filter screen 412, so as to drive the shaking device 5 to shake. The invention fully utilizes the flammability of the agricultural and forestry waste, collects and compresses suspended particles in the air which originally have explosion danger, and the compressed particles are ignited and then stably combusted to provide power for the shaking device 5, thereby being efficient and safe.
In one aspect of this embodiment, the material separating device 2 includes a sub-chassis 201 fixedly connected to the main chassis 1, two sets of guide rails 202 are fixedly installed in the sub-chassis 201, the guide rails 202 are slidably connected to a material loading structure 203, a second motor 204 is fixedly installed in the sub-chassis 201, the second motor 204 is connected to a cutting blade 206 through a transmission structure 205, the transmission structure 205 may preferably be a gear transmission structure, and the transmission structure 205 may also preferably be a belt transmission structure. The material carrying structure 203 carries agricultural and forestry waste, the second motor 204 drives the cutting blade 206 to rotate through the transmission structure 205, the cutting blade 206 cuts the agricultural and forestry waste along with the material carrying structure 203 sliding into the auxiliary case 201 along the guide rail 202, and therefore the situation that the agricultural and forestry waste is blocked in the auxiliary case 201 due to the overlarge volume of the agricultural and forestry waste is avoided.
In one aspect of this embodiment, the material loading structure 203 includes a frame 2031 slidably connected to the guide rail 202, the frame 2031 is rotatably connected to a material loading plate 2032, a through groove 2033 adapted to the cutting blade 206 is formed on the material loading plate 2032, the through groove 2033 is used for providing a moving space for the cutting blade 206 so as to protect the material loading plate 2032, the material loading plate 2032 is connected to the frame 2031 through a second spring 2034, the second spring 2034 is fixedly connected to the material loading plate 2032, and the other end of the second spring 2034 is fixedly connected to the frame 2031. When the material loading plate 2032 presses the second spring 2034, the material loading plate 2032 rotates, so that the cut agricultural and forestry waste is dumped into the shaking device 5 and then enters the main cabinet 1.
In one case of this embodiment, protruding shafts 2035 are fixedly mounted on both sides of the material loading plate 2032, two sets of third springs 2036 are fixedly mounted on one side of the frame 2031, a sliding block 2037 is fixedly mounted on one end of each set of third springs 2036 far away from the frame 2031, the sliding block 2037 is slidably connected to the protruding shafts 2035, the sliding block 2037 is slidably connected to a guide block 2038 fixedly connected to the frame 2031, a top plate 2039 is further mounted in the frame 2031, and the top plate 2039 is used for abutting against the sliding block 2037. After the carrier 2032 enters the sub-enclosure 201 from the rack 2031, the top plate 2039 pushes the sliding blocks 2037, so that the sliding blocks 2037 and the protruding shafts 2035 are separated from each other, and the carrier 2032 can rotate.
In one aspect of this embodiment, a fixed frame 20310 is mounted on one side surface of the material loading plate 2032, the fixed frame 20310 is rotatably connected to a rotating wheel 20311, a third motor 20312 is fixedly mounted in the sub-chassis 201, the third motor 20312 may preferably be a servo motor, the third motor 20312 may preferably be a stepping motor, an output shaft of the third motor 20312 is fixedly connected to a pressing frame 20313, and the pressing frame 20313 is movably connected to the rotating wheel 20311. The third motor 20312 drives the pressing frame 20313 to rotate, and the pressing frame 20313 presses the rotating wheel 20311, so that the rotating wheel 20311 drives the material loading plate 2032 to rotate through the fixing frame 20310.
In one aspect of the present embodiment, a screen plate 6 is installed in the main cabinet 1. The screening plate 6 screens the coarse part of the crushed agricultural and forestry waste, so that the secondary crushing of the crushing knife roller 3 is facilitated, and the quality of the crushed product is controlled.
In one aspect of the present embodiment, the shaking device 5 includes a diaphragm 501 installed in the sub-enclosure 201, an air chamber 502 is provided in the diaphragm 501 and the sub-enclosure 201, the air chamber 502 is connected to a pressure relief valve 503 and a direction valve 504, the direction valve 504 is fixedly connected to a pressure dividing pipe 505, and the direction valve 504 is connected to the communicating pipe 414. When the communicating pipe 414 and the air cavity 502 are communicated by the reversing valve 504, hot gas generated by combustion of the particles of the agricultural and forestry waste enters the air cavity 502 to swell the diaphragm 501, so that the material carrying plate 2032 falling on the diaphragm 501 is jacked up, after a period of time, the communicating pipe 414 is communicated with the pressure dividing pipe 505 by the reversing valve 504, the pressure release valve 503 is opened, the diaphragm 501 falls and reciprocates circularly, the diaphragm 501 drives the material carrying plate 2032 to vibrate, and the heat of the hot gas is helpful for evaporation of moisture of the agricultural and forestry waste on the material carrying plate 2032.
In one aspect of this embodiment, a material receiving box 7 is slidably mounted at the bottom inside the main case 1, and the opening of the material receiving box 7 faces the crushing cutter roller 3. The material collecting box 7 is used for collecting the final product after the crushing is finished.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.