CN114166647B - Experimental device and experimental method for submerged weakening of dam body of underground reservoir - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for submerged weakening of dam body of underground reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN114166647B CN114166647B CN202111470967.2A CN202111470967A CN114166647B CN 114166647 B CN114166647 B CN 114166647B CN 202111470967 A CN202111470967 A CN 202111470967A CN 114166647 B CN114166647 B CN 114166647B
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- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/14—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by dead weight, e.g. pendulum; generated by springs tension
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0033—Weight
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract
The invention discloses an underground reservoir dam body soaking weakening experimental device and an experimental method thereof, wherein a load amplifying mechanism can amplify the gravity of weights into vertical top load of a sample by utilizing a lever principle, the load amplifying mechanism of a mechanical structure is more stable than a servo motor, a hydraulic cylinder and other pressurizing modes, and the stable top load of the sample is favorable for improving the accuracy of test results in a long-time test process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine similarity experiments, in particular to an underground reservoir dam body soaking weakening experimental device and an experimental method thereof.
Background
The coal pillar dam body is an important component part of the coal mine underground reservoir, and has important functions of intercepting water body, bearing pressure and preventing seepage. The reservoir water storage has weakening effect on the strength of the coal pillar dam body, and under the long-time water immersion condition, the crack development degree of the coal pillar dam body is a key factor of the safety of the coal pillar dam body, so that the research on the crack development condition of the coal pillar dam body under the long-time water immersion condition is very necessary.
The similar simulation experiment equipment in the prior art generally provides load through pressurization modes such as a servo motor, a hydraulic cylinder and the like, but the provided load is not stable enough for a long time, and the experiment effect is affected.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide an experimental device and an experimental method for weakening the submerged condition of an underground reservoir dam body, which can provide a stable load.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an underground reservoir dam body soaking weakening experimental device capable of providing stable load and an experimental method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention provides an experimental device for weakening the immersion of a dam body of an underground reservoir, which comprises a base, a water tank arranged on the base, a pressing plate for pressing a dam body sample in the water tank and a load amplifying mechanism for pressing the pressing plate vertically downwards;
tempered glass is arranged on the front side and the rear side of the water tank;
the load amplifying mechanism comprises two longitudinal beams which are connected to the base and are positioned on the left side and the right side of the water tank, a lever assembly arranged between the two longitudinal beams and weights arranged on the lever assembly;
the lever assembly comprises at least two levers which are arranged in parallel at intervals up and down, and each lever comprises a hinged end and a free end which are arranged oppositely;
the hinge ends and the free ends of any two levers which are adjacent up and down are reversely arranged, the hinge ends of each lever are hinged with the longitudinal beams on the corresponding side, and the free ends of each lever can move relative to the longitudinal beams on the corresponding side;
a sliding connecting piece is connected between any two adjacent levers, and the sliding connecting piece can slide relative to the levers;
wherein, one lever at the top of the lever assembly is a load bearing lever, and one lever at the bottom of the lever assembly is a load output lever;
the free end of the load bearing lever extends out of the outer side of the longitudinal beam, a tray is hung on the free end of the load bearing lever, and the weight is placed on the tray;
and a pushing head for pressing the pressing plate is connected below the middle part of the load output lever.
In one alternative, a load sensor is installed in the push ram or the platen.
In one optional technical scheme, the top of the pressing plate is provided with a pressing plate groove for accommodating the pressing head, the groove wall of the pressing plate groove is provided with a circle of groove wall inclined planes, and the radius of the groove wall inclined planes gradually becomes larger along the direction from bottom to top;
the bottom of the pushing head is provided with a circle of pressure head arc surface which is pressed on the inclined plane of the groove wall.
In one alternative, the bottom of the base is provided with a fixed hook for being buried underground.
In one alternative, the stringers are provided with a tensioning element for temporarily tensioning the free end of the load output lever.
In one optional technical scheme, a baffle is arranged on the longitudinal beam, the baffle is located between the load output lever and the load bearing lever, and the baffle is located below the free end of one lever.
In one optional technical scheme, each lever is provided with a sliding rail;
the sliding connecting piece comprises an upper sliding block and a lower sliding block which are connected in a shaft way;
the upper sliding block and the lower sliding block are respectively connected with the corresponding sliding rail on the lever.
In one optional technical scheme, the water tank is provided with a water tank on the left and right sides, a plurality of communication holes which are arranged at intervals up and down are arranged between the water tank and the water tank, and valves are arranged in the communication holes.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides an experimental method for weakening the immersion of the dam body of the underground reservoir, which adopts the experimental device for weakening the immersion of the dam body of the underground reservoir according to any one of the technical schemes;
the experimental method for weakening the immersion of the dam body of the underground reservoir comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting an underground reservoir dam, and calculating the dam top load of the overlying strata on the underground reservoir dam according to the burial depth of the underground reservoir dam;
s2: determining a similarity ratio, and manufacturing a dam sample according to the similarity ratio;
s3: placing a dam sample in a water tank, and placing a pressing plate on the dam sample;
s4: according to the top load of the dam body sample required by the experiment, the total weight of the required weight and the position of the sliding connecting piece are preliminarily determined;
s5: according to the preliminary determination result of the step S4, adjusting a load amplifying mechanism and pressing a pushing pressure head on a pressing plate;
s6: determining the water level height in the water tank according to the similarity ratio, and injecting water with a specified height into the water tank;
s7: cameras are arranged on the front side and/or the rear side of the water tank, shooting intervals of the cameras are set, and crack changes and deformation changes of dam body samples are automatically shot through the cameras;
s8: and (5) finishing the photos, collecting data and completing the experiment.
In one optional technical solution, the step S5 further includes a load calibration step, including:
observing the value of the load sensor and comparing with the top load of the sample;
if the difference between the value of the load sensor and the top load of the sample exceeds the preset error range, the number of weights and/or the position of the sliding connecting piece are/is adjusted until the difference between the value of the load sensor and the top load of the sample is within the preset error range.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the experimental device and the experimental method for the submerged weakening of the dam body of the underground reservoir, the load amplifying mechanism can amplify the gravity of the weight into the top load of the vertical sample by utilizing the lever principle, and the load amplifying mechanism of the mechanical structure is more stable than the pressurizing modes of a servo motor, a hydraulic cylinder and the like, so that the stable top load of the sample is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the test result in the long-time test process.
Drawings
The present disclosure will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that: the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the figure:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for weakening groundwater in an underground reservoir dam according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the arrangement of the lever assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a stringer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a stringer with a jack mounted thereon;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a stringer with a baffle mounted thereon;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the push ram and platen;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the water tank.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the embodiment of the invention provides an experimental device for weakening the immersion of a dam body of an underground reservoir, which comprises a base 1, a water tank 2 arranged on the base 1, a pressing plate 3 for pressing a dam body sample 5 in the water tank 2, and a load amplifying mechanism 4 for pressing the pressing plate 3 vertically downwards.
The front side and the rear side of the water tank 2 are toughened glass.
The load amplification mechanism 4 includes two side members 41 connected to the base 1 and located on the left and right sides of the tank 2, a lever assembly 42 disposed between the two side members 41, and a weight 43 disposed on the lever assembly 42.
Lever assembly 42 includes at least two spaced apart and parallel levers 421, each lever 421 including oppositely disposed hinged ends 4211 and free ends 4212.
The hinged ends 4211 and the free ends 4212 of any two adjacent levers 421 are arranged in opposite directions, the hinged end 4211 of each lever 421 is hinged to the corresponding side rail 41, and the free end 4212 of each lever 421 can move relative to the corresponding side rail 41.
A sliding connector 44 is connected between any two adjacent levers 421, and the sliding connector 44 can slide relative to the levers 421.
Wherein the top most lever 421 of lever assembly 42 is load carrying lever 4213 and the bottom most lever 421 of lever assembly 42 is load output lever 4214.
The free end 4212 of the load-carrying lever 4213 protrudes outside the longitudinal beam 41, a pallet 46 is suspended from the free end 4212 of the load-carrying lever 4213, and the weight 43 is placed on the pallet 46.
A pressing head 45 for pressing the platen 3 is connected to the lower part of the middle part of the load output lever 4214.
The experimental device for the submerged weakening of the underground reservoir dam body is used for simulating the submerged state of the reservoir dam body (coal pillar dam body) in water so as to observe crack development change or deformation development change of the reservoir dam body under the condition of water weakening.
The experimental device for weakening the immersion of the dam body of the underground reservoir comprises a base 1, a water tank 2, a pressing plate 3 and a load amplifying mechanism 4.
The water tank 2 is mounted on the base 1. A dam sample 5 is placed in the tank 2. The pressure plate 3 presses against the dam sample 5. The water tank 2 contains water of a predetermined height. The front side and the rear side of the water tank 2 are made of toughened glass, so that a camera is conveniently erected to shoot a dam sample 5.
The load amplifying mechanism 4 is used for amplifying a certain load to simulate the top load pressed on the reservoir dam body.
The load amplifying mechanism 4 includes two stringers 41, a lever assembly 42, and weights 43. The lower ends of the two stringers 41 are respectively mounted on the base 1, and the lever assembly 42 is used for amplifying and transmitting the weight of the weight 43 to the pressing plate 3.
Lever assembly 42 includes more than two spaced apart and parallel levers 421, preferably more than 4 levers 421. Each lever 421 includes a hinged end 4211 and a free end 4212, with hinged end 4211 and free end 4212 being opposite ends of lever 421.
When two or more levers 421 are arranged, the hinge ends 4211 and the free ends 4212 of any two levers 421 adjacent to each other up and down are arranged in the opposite direction, that is, the hinge end 4211 of the lower one of the levers 421 is located below the free end 4212 of the upper one of the levers 421 and the free end 4212 of the lower one of the levers 421 is located below the hinge end 4211 of the upper one of the levers 421.
The hinge end 4211 of each lever 421 is hinged to the side member 41 of the corresponding side. Specifically, the hinge end 4211 is assembled with the side member 41 through the pivot shaft 411, and the hinge end 4211 is rotatable about the pivot shaft 411. The free end 4212 of each lever 421 is movable with respect to the longitudinal beam 41 of the corresponding side. The side member 41 has a side member groove 412 therein, and the free end 4212 can extend into the side member groove 412 and can swing up and down freely in the side member groove 412.
The slide connector 44 is capable of sliding relative to the lever 421 by the slide connector 44 between two adjacent levers 421. A locking bolt may be provided on sliding connector 44, and sliding connector 44 may be locked to lever 421 by the locking bolt after sliding connector 44 is adjusted in place.
By varying the distance between sliding connection 44 and hinge or pivot shaft 411 of lever 421, the moment arm can be varied, and the amplified load can be adjusted.
For convenience of description, the top-most one of levers 421 in lever assembly 42 is referred to as load carrying lever 4213 and the bottom-most one of levers 421 in lever assembly 42 is referred to as load output lever 4214.
One of the two stringers 41 is a long stringer and one is a short stringer. The hinged end 4211 of the load carrying lever 4213 is hinged to the long longitudinal beam, and the free end 4212 of the load carrying lever 4213 is located above the short longitudinal beam and extends outside the short longitudinal beam to facilitate hanging the weight 43.
A tray 46 is suspended from the free end 4212 of the load-carrying lever 4213 by a hanger 47, and the weight 43 is placed on the tray 46. The number of weights 46 to place can be calculated.
A pressing head 45 for pressing the platen 3 is connected to the lower part of the middle part of the load output lever 4214. In the experiment, the pressing head 45 pressed down against the platen 3, thereby exerting an amplified load on the dam sample 5.
Therefore, according to the underground reservoir dam body soaking weakening experimental device provided by the invention, the load amplifying mechanism 4 can amplify the gravity of the weight 46 into the vertical top load of the sample by utilizing the lever principle, the load amplifying mechanism 4 of the mechanical structure is more stable than the pressurizing modes such as a servo motor, a hydraulic cylinder and the like, and the stable top load of the sample is favorable for improving the accuracy of a test result in a long-time test process.
In one embodiment, a load sensor is mounted in the push ram 45 or the platen 3 and can be used to calibrate the amplified load transmitted through the load amplifying mechanism 4 for subsequent adjustment.
The existing load sensor can be selected, and the load sensor can be installed in the pressing plate 3 or the pushing head 45 according to technical requirements, so long as the amplified load transmitted by the load amplifying mechanism 4 can be monitored.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the top of the platen 3 has a platen groove 31 for accommodating the push head 45, and the groove wall of the platen groove 31 has a circle of groove wall inclined surfaces 311, and the radius of the groove wall inclined surfaces 311 becomes gradually larger in the direction from bottom to top.
The bottom of the pushing ram 45 has a circle of ram circular arc surface 451, and the ram circular arc surface 451 is pressed against the slot wall inclined surface 311.
The indenter arc 451 is a portion of a sphere. The slot wall slope 311 is of an inverted cone shape. With this arrangement, it is ensured that the indenter circular arc surface 451 always contacts the groove wall inclined surface 311, transmitting force to the pressing plate 3. The indenter circular arc surface 451 automatically compresses the groove wall inclined surface 311 when the pushing head 45 moves downward. When the load output lever 4214 is slightly inclined, the indenter circular arc surface 451 can also press the groove wall inclined surface 311.
In one of the embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, a fixing hook 11 for being buried underground is installed at the bottom of the base 1 for being buried underground to fix the whole set of the apparatus.
In one of the embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, a tightening member 413 for temporarily abutting against the free end 4212 of the load output lever 4214 is provided on the side member 41. Prior to experimentation, the free end 4212 of the load output lever 4214 may be held against the puller 413 to prevent rotation of each lever 421 in the lever assembly 42, resulting in structural instability. At the beginning of the experiment, the puller 413 is retracted or removed so that the free end 4212 of the load output lever 4214 is free to move.
In one embodiment, shown in fig. 5, a stop plate 414 is provided on the stringer 41, the stop plate 414 being located between the load output lever 4214 and the load carrying lever 4213, the stop plate 414 being located below the free end 4212 of one of the levers 421.
If the tension member 413 fails or is not timely installed, the free end 4212 of one of the levers 421 between the load output lever 4214 and the load carrying lever 4213 is blocked by the blocking plate 414 when the drop width is large, and instability of the lever assembly 42 can be avoided.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, each lever 421 is provided with a slide rail 4215. The sliding connection 44 includes an upper slider 441 and a lower slider 442 that are journalled. Upper slider 441 and lower slider 442 are each coupled to a rail 4215 on a corresponding lever 421.
When the two levers 421 are connected by the sliding connection member 44, the upper slider 441 is connected with the slide rail 4215 on the upper lever 421, the lower slider 442 is connected with the slide rail 4215 on the lower lever 421, and the lower slider 442 is connected with the upper slider 441 by a shaft, so that the installation is convenient.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the water tank 2 has water tanks 21 on both left and right sides, and a plurality of communication holes 22 are arranged between the water tanks 21 and the water tank 2 at intervals, and valves are installed in the communication holes 22. The soaking experiments of different water level heights can be simulated by opening the communication holes 22 of different heights to control the water level in the water tank 2. The water in the water tank 21 is discharged to a designated position. The valve can be an electric valve, and is connected with external control equipment to realize automatic opening and closing of the communication hole 22.
The embodiment of the invention provides an experimental method for weakening the immersion of an underground reservoir dam body, which adopts the experimental device for weakening the immersion of the underground reservoir dam body.
The experimental method for weakening the dam body of the underground reservoir by soaking comprises the following steps:
s1: and selecting an underground reservoir dam, and calculating the top load of the overlying strata on the underground reservoir dam according to the burial depth of the underground reservoir dam.
S2: and determining the similarity ratio, and manufacturing a dam sample 5 according to the similarity ratio.
S3: a dam sample 5 is placed in the tank 2 and the platen 3 is placed on the dam sample 5.
S4: the total weight of the required weight 43 and the position of the sliding connection 44 are initially determined from the sample top load of the dam sample 5 required for the experiment.
S5: according to the preliminary determination result of step S4, the load amplifying mechanism 4 is adjusted, and the push head 45 is pressed against the platen 3.
S6: the water level in the water tank 2 is determined according to the similarity ratio, and water of a designated height is injected into the water tank 2.
S7: cameras are arranged on the front side and/or the rear side of the water tank 2, shooting intervals of the cameras are set, and crack changes and deformation changes of the dam body samples 5 are automatically shot through the cameras.
S8: and (5) finishing the photos, collecting data and completing the experiment.
When the experimental device for weakening the submerged underground reservoir dam body is adopted for experiments, the operation steps are as follows:
the first step: selecting a typical underground reservoir dam of a mine coal mine, and calculating the top load P of an overburden layer on the dam according to the burial depth 0 。
P 0 =γ×h, where P 0 The unit is Pa for the top pressure of the dam body of the underground reservoir; gamma is the volume weight of the overburden in N/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the h is the burial depth of the dam body of the underground reservoir, and the unit is m.
And a second step of: the similarity ratio C is determined according to the size of the dam body of the underground reservoir, the size of the water tank 2 and the amplifying capacity of the load amplifying mechanism 4, and is generally 1/50-200. The size of the dam sample 5 is converted according to the similarity ratio, the coal blocks are cut to manufacture the dam sample 5, the area of the top surface of the dam sample 5 is S, and the unit is m 2 。
And a third step of: a dam sample 5 is placed in the tank 2 and the platen 3 is placed on the dam sample 5.
Fourth step: according to the similarity ratio C, the top load P of the dam body of the underground reservoir 0 And the top surface area S of the dam sample 5, calculating the sample top load P required by the dam sample 5 1 ＝P 0 ×S×C。
The total weight M of the desired weight 43 and the position of the sliding connection 44 are then initially determined.
Assume that lever assembly 42 includes n levers 421, n being a natural number of 2 or more. The length of the load carrying lever 4213 is L 1 The remaining lever 421 (including load output lever 4214) has a length L 2 ，L 1 Greater thanL 2 ，L 1 、L 2 Is in m.
N-1 slip connectors 44 are required. The distance between the sliding connection 44 and the pivot shaft 411 is adjusted in advance in m. At this time, the position of the slide connector 44 may be adjusted empirically in advance.
The first sliding link 44 is spaced from the pivot shaft 411 in a top-down direction by a distance D 1 The second sliding connection 44 is spaced from the pivot shaft 411 by a distance D 2 … …, the n-1 st sliding link 44 is spaced from the pivot axis 411 by a distance D n-1 . The load output by the pushing head 45 is F n 。
Then F n ＝P 1 ＝P 0 ×S×C。
From the force analysis of the lever assembly 42, the following calculation formula is derived:
F n ×D 1 ×D 2 ……×D n-1 ＝G×L 1 ×(L 2 -D 1 )×(L 2 -D 2 )……×(L 2 -D n-2 ) Where G is the total weight of the weight 43.
The total weight force G of the weight 43 can be calculated according to the above formula, and the total weight M=G/G of the weight 43, G is the gravitational acceleration, 9.8M/s 2 。
Assume that the mass of each weight is m 0 In kg, the number of weights 43 is n=m/M 0 N is an integer.
Such as M/M 0 The number of weights 43 is an integer and the number of weights is within the predetermined range, the position of the sliding connector 44 is not required to be adjusted.
Such as M/M 0 If the number of weights 43 is a non-integer number and the number of weights is within the predetermined range, only the first sliding connector 44 or the n-1 th sliding connector 44 is required to be finely adjusted.
If the number of the weights 43 is calculated to be out of the preset range, the position of the sliding connector 44 is readjusted, and the calculation is performed again.
Fifth step: after the load amplification mechanism 4 is adjusted, the jack 413 is released so that the pressing head 45 presses against the platen 3.
Sixth step: then, the water level in the water tank 2 is determined according to the similarity ratio, and water of a designated height is injected into the water tank 2. The valve in the communication hole 22 at the water level is opened, and when water flows out from the communication hole 22 at the water level, it means that the water level is satisfactory.
Seventh step: cameras are arranged on the front side and/or the rear side of the water tank 2, shooting intervals of the cameras are set, and crack changes and deformation changes of the dam body samples 5 are automatically shot through the cameras.
Eighth step: and (5) finishing the photos, collecting data and completing the experiment.
Of course, the water level height can be changed as required to simulate soaking experiments of different water levels. And a displacement meter can be arranged on the dam sample 5 according to the requirement, and the transverse displacement of the dam sample 5 in the test process is recorded.
According to the test scheme, a long-time water immersion strength weakening test of the dam sample 5 is carried out, the test ending node is determined according to the crack development and the ledge situation of the two sides of the dam sample 5, the test lasts for 15-30 days in general, the water level can be reduced due to evaporation in the test process, and a small amount of water can be injected into the water tank.
The photos are arranged, data collection can be completed through a computer, corresponding graphs and the like are drawn, so that a user can clearly know the crack change, deformation change and the like of the dam body sample 5 along with the time.
In one embodiment, the step S5 further includes a load checking step, including:
the values of the load cells were observed and compared to the top load of the sample.
If the difference between the value of the load sensor and the top load of the sample exceeds the preset error range, the number of weights 43 and/or the position of the sliding connection 44 are adjusted until the difference between the value of the load sensor and the top load of the sample is within the preset error range. The preset error can be set according to actual needs.
The above technical schemes can be combined according to the need to achieve the best technical effect.
What has been described above is merely illustrative of the principles and preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that several other variants are possible to those skilled in the art on the basis of the principle of the invention and should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The dam body soaking weakening experimental device for the underground reservoir is characterized by comprising a base, a water tank arranged on the base, a pressing plate for pressing a dam body sample in the water tank and a load amplifying mechanism for pressing the pressing plate vertically downwards;
tempered glass is arranged on the front side and the rear side of the water tank;
the load amplifying mechanism comprises two longitudinal beams which are connected to the base and are positioned on the left side and the right side of the water tank, a lever assembly arranged between the two longitudinal beams and weights arranged on the lever assembly;
the lever assembly comprises at least two levers which are arranged in parallel at intervals up and down, and each lever comprises a hinged end and a free end which are arranged oppositely;
the hinge ends and the free ends of any two levers which are adjacent up and down are reversely arranged, the hinge ends of each lever are hinged with the longitudinal beams on the corresponding side, and the free ends of each lever can move relative to the longitudinal beams on the corresponding side;
the longitudinal beam is provided with a longitudinal beam groove, and the free end extends into the longitudinal beam groove and can swing up and down freely in the longitudinal beam groove;
a sliding connecting piece is connected between any two adjacent levers, the sliding connecting piece can slide relative to the levers, and the arm of force is changed by changing the distance between the sliding connecting piece and the pivoting shaft of the levers, so that the amplified load is adjusted;
wherein, one lever at the top of the lever assembly is a load bearing lever, and one lever at the bottom of the lever assembly is a load output lever;
the free end of the load bearing lever extends out of the outer side of the longitudinal beam, a tray is hung on the free end of the load bearing lever, and the weight is placed on the tray;
the lower part of the middle part of the load output lever is connected with a pushing head for pressing the pressing plate;
a jack for temporarily jack the free end of the load output lever is provided on the side member;
the longitudinal beam is provided with a baffle plate, the baffle plate is positioned between the load output lever and the load bearing lever, and the baffle plate is positioned below the free end of one lever.
2. The device for testing the water-logging weakening of the dam body of the underground reservoir according to claim 1, wherein a load sensor is installed in the pushing head or the pressing plate.
3. The device for testing the weakening of the immersion of the dam body of the underground reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the top of the pressing plate is provided with a pressing plate groove for accommodating the pressing head, the groove wall of the pressing plate groove is provided with a circle of groove wall inclined planes, and the radius of the groove wall inclined planes gradually increases along the direction from bottom to top;
the bottom of the pushing head is provided with a circle of pressure head arc surface which is pressed on the inclined plane of the groove wall.
4. The device for testing the weakening of the immersion of a dam of an underground reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the base is provided with a fixed hook for being buried underground.
5. The experimental device for weakening the immersion of the dam body of the underground reservoir according to claim 1, wherein each lever is provided with a sliding rail;
the sliding connecting piece comprises an upper sliding block and a lower sliding block which are connected in a shaft way;
the upper sliding block and the lower sliding block are respectively connected with the corresponding sliding rail on the lever.
6. The experimental device for weakening water immersion of an underground reservoir dam body according to claim 1, wherein the water tank is provided with a water tank on the left side and the right side, a plurality of communicating holes which are arranged at intervals up and down are arranged between the water tank and the water tank, and valves are arranged in the communicating holes.
7. An underground reservoir dam body soaking weakening experiment method is characterized in that an underground reservoir dam body soaking weakening experiment device according to any one of claims 1-6 is adopted;
the experimental method for weakening the immersion of the dam body of the underground reservoir comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting an underground reservoir dam, and calculating the dam top load of the overlying strata on the underground reservoir dam according to the burial depth of the underground reservoir dam;
s2: determining a similarity ratio, and manufacturing a dam sample according to the similarity ratio;
s3: placing a dam sample in a water tank, and placing a pressing plate on the dam sample;
s4: according to the top load of the dam body sample required by the experiment, the total weight of the required weight and the position of the sliding connecting piece are preliminarily determined;
s5: according to the preliminary determination result of the step S4, adjusting a load amplifying mechanism and pressing a pushing pressure head on a pressing plate;
s6: determining the water level height in the water tank according to the similarity ratio, and injecting water with a specified height into the water tank;
s7: cameras are arranged on the front side and/or the rear side of the water tank, shooting intervals of the cameras are set, and crack changes and deformation changes of dam body samples are automatically shot through the cameras;
s8: and (5) finishing the photos, collecting data and completing the experiment.
8. The method for testing the water-logging weakening of the dam body of the underground reservoir according to claim 7, wherein,
the step S5 further includes a load calibration step, including:
observing the value of the load sensor and comparing with the top load of the sample;
if the difference between the value of the load sensor and the top load of the sample exceeds the preset error range, the number of weights and/or the position of the sliding connecting piece are/is adjusted until the difference between the value of the load sensor and the top load of the sample is within the preset error range.
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