CN114147114B - Multi-pass reverse curve track spinning forming method for aluminum alloy plate - Google Patents
Multi-pass reverse curve track spinning forming method for aluminum alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114147114B CN114147114B CN202111228187.7A CN202111228187A CN114147114B CN 114147114 B CN114147114 B CN 114147114B CN 202111228187 A CN202111228187 A CN 202111228187A CN 114147114 B CN114147114 B CN 114147114B
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- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
- B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced manufacturing, and provides a multi-pass reverse curve track spinning forming method of an aluminum alloy plate, which comprises the steps of spinning according to a composite curve track, continuously performing press bending and spinning according to a reverse arc curve track after 2-4 preset passes of spinning until all round blanks are adhered to a die, and forming to a spinning piece; the spinning mode of the composite curve track is as follows: stretching and spinning the clamped circular plate blank with a positive curve track to divide the circular plate blank into a film-sticking part and a film-non-sticking part, and performing press-bending spinning with a reverse arc curve track when the spinning roller spins to 1/2-2/3 of the section line of the non-sticking part of the circular blank; the method solves the problems of easy instability, large thinning amount, thin wall and insufficient subsequent machining allowance of blanks during multi-pass general spinning forming (stretching general spinning) of large-specification plate blanks, and prepares the qualified spinning piece which has enough machining allowance and can carry out subsequent finish machining of products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forming method for spinning a hemispherical shell by using a multi-pass reverse curve track of an aluminum alloy plate, which belongs to the technical field of manufacturing and is mainly used for spinning large-specification aluminum thick plates to prepare the hemispherical shell of the aluminum alloy.
Background
At present, large-size aluminum alloy shell components are adopted in many types of products in China, and the traditional preparation process generally adopts pressed melon petals, and then the pressed melon petals are welded and formed by machine addition. The welding seams are weak links of the shell, so that the bearing capacity and the service level of the product are deteriorated to a certain extent, and the reliability of the product can be obviously improved by reducing the number of the welding seams.
At present, except for the fact that a melon petal forming method is adopted in manufacturing the bottom structure of a propellant storage tank with an oversized diameter (such as an outer storage tank of a space shuttle, a Mars-V rocket storage tank and the like), the storage tank shell of a rocket with the diameter of 5m and below, such as Atlas series and Delta series in the United states, H-2B rockets in Japan and the like, is manufactured by adopting an integral spinning forming and mechanical processing process. Even the upper 2195 aluminum lithium alloy tank shell structure of Ares I rocket diameter 5.5m in the United states was fabricated using a one-piece spin forming + machining process. By adopting the integral spinning forming and mechanical processing method, the manufacturing process of the shell structure can be greatly simplified, the number of welding seams can be greatly reduced, and the reliability of the product is obviously improved. The manufacture of the shell member by the integral spin forming and machining process is the preferred scheme of the foreign main carrier rocket. At present, large-size aluminum alloy storage box shells of some models in China are also developed by adopting a spinning process. Because the blank for spinning has large size specification, the blank is thinned after spinning forming, and the requirement of subsequent machining allowance cannot be met, so that the spinning piece is scrapped. Some studies have used coreless die drum spinning to preform a blank into a cup-shaped part, followed by spin forming. However, the process increases spinning working procedures, greatly improves the period and the cost, and is unfavorable for engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the forming method for spinning the hemispherical shell through the multi-pass reverse curve track of the aluminum alloy plate is provided, so that the spun product has enough machining allowance, and the requirement of the subsequent machining allowance is met.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a multi-pass reverse curve track spin forming method of an aluminum alloy plate, comprising the following steps:
S1, calculating the size specification of the blank: determining the required wall thickness of the thinnest part of the spinning piece according to the machining allowance of the inner and outer molded surfaces of the spinning piece, and then determining the size specification of the circular plate blank according to the required wall thickness of the thinnest part of the spinning piece and the law of unchanged volume of the blank before and after spinning, wherein the size specification of the circular plate blank comprises the wall thickness and the diameter of the circular plate blank;
s2, blanking: processing the plate material into a circular plate blank according to the circular plate blank dimension specification determined in the step S1;
S3, preheating the core mould: heating the spinning core mould to ensure that the temperature of the core mould is higher than a preset temperature, and then clamping the blank;
S4, rotating the core mould, spinning the circular plate blank along the generatrix of the core mould by adopting a spinning roller pair according to a composite curve track, wherein after spinning a preset N times, N is 2-4, and entering a step S5;
The spinning mode of the composite curve track is as follows:
stretching and spinning the clamped circular plate blank with a positive curve track to divide the circular plate blank into a film-sticking part and a film-non-sticking part, and performing press-bending spinning with a reverse arc curve track when the spinning roller spins to 1/2-2/3 of the section line of the non-sticking part of the circular blank;
S5, press bending and spinning: performing press bending and spinning on the clamped round blank by using an inverse curve track, reducing the blank diameter of the non-film-adhered part as much as possible, and then entering step S6;
s6, continuously performing press bending and spinning on the circular blank by using a reverse arc curve track until the circular blank is completely stuck to a die and is formed into a spinning piece;
s7, carrying out complete annealing treatment on the spinning piece;
and S8, machining the annealed spinning piece according to the drawing requirements to finish the preparation of a final product.
Preferably, R4-R5 fillets are machined at the maximum outer edges of the two sides of the circular plate blank.
Preferably, the preset temperature is more than or equal to 100 ℃.
Preferably, the positive curve in step S4 is an involute or a positive arc curve.
Preferably, the inverse curves of the steps S4 and S5 are anti-circular arc curves.
Preferably, in the steps S4 and S5, for the portion with the spinning theoretical deformation less than or equal to 30%, the spinning gap t is t 0 sin α, the spinning gap t of the rest portion is 0.6t 0～0.7t0, where α is the half cone angle of the corresponding portion of the product, and t 0 is the thickness of the disc blank.
Preferably, the machining allowance is not less than 2.5mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method comprises the steps of stretching the ordinary spinning with a positive curve track, then press-bending and spinning with a reverse curve track, repeating the steps for 2-3 times, and then press-bending and spinning with the reverse curve track until the spinning is performed to form a required product, wherein the spun product has enough machining allowance to meet the requirement of the subsequent machining allowance, and is already applied to the preparation of a hemispherical shell of a large aluminum alloy storage box of a certain model.
(2) The invention adopts the inverse curve track to press and bend and spin, can increase the wall thickness by 20 to 30 percent compared with the conventional general spinning wall thickness, and solves the problems of large thinning amount and insufficient machining allowance.
(3) The invention can fully ensure that the large-specification aluminum thick plate has enough processing allowance after spinning forming, meets the preparation requirement of the hemispherical shell of the large-specification weld-free aluminum alloy storage box, and lays a technological foundation for ensuring the smooth implementation of important military satellite projects and manned lunar projects in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spinning trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic view of a hemispherical shell spinning member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (b) is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 (a) at I according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (c) is an enlarged view of the portion II of FIG. 2 (a) according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a multi-pass reverse curve track spinning forming method of an aluminum alloy plate, which comprises the following steps:
S1, calculating the size specification of the blank: determining the required wall thickness of the thinnest part of the spinning piece according to the machining allowance of the inner and outer molded surfaces of the spinning piece, and then determining the size specification of the circular plate blank according to the required wall thickness of the thinnest part of the spinning piece and the law of unchanged volume of the blank before and after spinning, wherein the size specification of the circular plate blank comprises the wall thickness and the diameter of the circular plate blank;
And considering the factors of heat expansion and cold contraction, core mold heating expansion, spinning deformation and the like, wherein the machining allowance is not less than 2.5mm. In one embodiment of the invention, the machining allowance is 3mm.
S2, blanking: processing the plate material into a circular plate blank according to the circular plate blank dimension specification determined in the step S1; preferably, R4-R5 fillets are machined at the maximum outer edges of the two sides of the circular plate blank.
S3, preheating the core mould: heating the spinning core mould to ensure that the temperature of the core mould is higher than a preset temperature, and then clamping the blank; preferably, the preset temperature is more than or equal to 100 ℃.
S4, rotating the core mould, spinning the circular plate blank along the generatrix of the core mould by adopting a spinning roller, and entering a step S5 after spinning a preset N times according to a composite curve track;
The spinning mode of the composite curve track is as follows:
stretching and spinning the clamped circular plate blank with a positive curve track to divide the circular plate blank into a film-sticking part and a film-non-sticking part, and performing press-bending spinning with a reverse arc curve track when the spinning roller spins to 1/2-2/3 of the section line of the non-sticking part of the circular blank;
And generally N is 2-4, wherein the positive curve is an involute curve or a positive arc curve, and the negative curve is a negative arc curve.
S5, press bending and spinning: performing press bending and spinning on the clamped round blank by using an inverse curve track, reducing the blank diameter of the non-film-adhered part as much as possible, and then entering step S6;
s6, continuously performing press bending and spinning on the circular blank by using a reverse arc curve track until the circular blank is completely stuck to a die and is formed into a spinning piece;
after spin forming, measuring the profile of the inner surface and the thinnest wall thickness of the large opening end by using a measuring device, and judging whether the spin-on piece meets the requirement of subsequent machining allowance.
S7, carrying out complete annealing treatment on the spinning piece; the annealing temperature of the large-specification 5A06 aluminum thick plate spinning piece is generally 340-350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90-120 min.
And S8, machining the annealed spinning piece according to the drawing requirements to finish the preparation of a final product.
Preferably, in the steps S4 and S5, for the portion with the spinning theoretical deformation less than or equal to 30%, the spinning gap t is t 0 sin α, the spinning gap t of the rest portion is 0.6t 0～0.7t0, where α is the half cone angle of the corresponding portion of the product, and t 0 is the thickness of the disc blank.
Examples:
the invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Examples
The method of the invention is used for manufacturing the ball with the radius of 500mm in the graph (2 a) and the wall thickness with the upper end left with a margin of 60mm, the diameter phi 1000mm as shown in the graphs (2 a) to (2 c)Local/>The bottom is a disc with the diameter ofThe specific steps are as follows:
(1) And (3) calculating the specification of the blank: the machining allowance of the inner surface and the outer surface of the spinning piece is designed to be 4mm, the required wall thickness of the thinnest part of the spinning piece is determined to be 11.5mm according to the machining allowance, and then the dimension specification delta 20mm multiplied by phi 1320mm of the blank is determined according to the law that the volume of the blank is unchanged before and after spinning.
(2) And (3) blanking: and processing the plate into a circular plate blank with the diameter phi 1320mm according to the determined blank size specification, and processing R5 fillets at the maximum outer edges of the two sides of the plate.
(3) Setting a spinning gap: the deformation amount is less than or equal to 30%, the spinning clearance t=t 0 sin alpha is considered, the actual clearance is 19.5-12.5 mm from the hemispherical top to the position with the deformation amount of 30% in consideration of the machine tool yield, and the rest t is 12.5mm.
(4) Preheating a core mould: and heating the spinning core mould by adopting a plurality of heating sources, detecting the temperature of the core mould, and ensuring that the temperature of the core is more than or equal to 100 ℃ before spinning the clamped blank.
(5) Spinning the composite curve track: and when the temperature of the core mold is more than or equal to 100 ℃, clamping the blank, and spinning. And during the first pass and the second pass of spinning, stretching and spinning with a positive arc curve track, spinning with a spinning roller to the position of 2/3 of the blank size of the non-film-adhered part, and performing press-bending spinning with a reverse arc curve track.
(6) And (3) press bending and spinning: (5) After the spinning is completed, 7-pass press-and-roll spinning is carried out on the inverted arc curve track, and the 9-pass spinning blank is attached to the die to form the required part.
(7) And (3) machining allowance judgment: after spin forming, measuring the profile of the inner surface and the thinnest wall thickness of the large opening end by using a measuring instrument, calculating the actual machining allowance of the inner surface and the outer surface according to the measured profile and the measured minimum wall thickness, and judging whether the spin-on piece meets the requirement of the subsequent machining allowance.
(8) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) carrying out complete annealing treatment on the spinning piece, wherein the annealing temperature is generally 340 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90min.
(9) Machining: and (3) machining the spinning piece subjected to the step (8) according to the requirement of the figure 1, and finishing the preparation of a final product.
According to the invention, through reasonably designed spinning pass track curves and batch matching of reasonable spinning gaps and spinning feed ratios, the problems of easy instability, large thinning amount and thin wall of blanks and insufficient subsequent machining allowance during multi-pass general spinning (stretching general spinning) of large-specification plate blanks are solved, and the qualified spinning piece with enough machining allowance and capable of carrying out subsequent finish machining of products is prepared.
The invention is mainly used for meeting the development requirements of a large aluminum alloy storage tank of a certain large military satellite and a large aluminum alloy storage tank of a manned lunar landing device, solving the actual engineering problems of large storage tank melon petal welding, more welding seams and low reliability at present or the actual engineering problems of large thinning amount of conventional spinning forming and incapability of meeting the subsequent finishing requirements of the machining allowance, developing an integrally formed hemispherical shell of the aluminum alloy storage tank, and ensuring the smooth implementation of the important military satellite project and the manned lunar landing project in China.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-pass reverse curve track spinning forming method of an aluminum alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, calculating the size specification of the blank: determining the required wall thickness of the thinnest part of the spinning piece according to the machining allowance of the inner and outer molded surfaces of the spinning piece, and then determining the size specification of the circular plate blank according to the required wall thickness of the thinnest part of the spinning piece and the law of unchanged volume of the blank before and after spinning, wherein the size specification of the circular plate blank comprises the wall thickness and the diameter of the circular plate blank;
s2, blanking: processing the plate material into a circular plate blank according to the circular plate blank dimension specification determined in the step S1;
S3, preheating the core mould: heating the spinning core mould to ensure that the temperature of the core mould is higher than a preset temperature, and then clamping the blank;
S4, rotating the core mould, spinning the circular plate blank along the generatrix of the core mould by adopting a spinning roller pair according to a composite curve track, wherein after spinning a preset N times, N is 2-4, and entering a step S5;
The spinning mode of the composite curve track is as follows:
Stretching and spinning the clamped circular plate blank with a positive curve track to divide the circular plate blank into a film-sticking part and a film-non-sticking part, and performing press-bending spinning with a reverse arc curve track when the spinning roller spins to 1/2-2/3 of the section line of the non-sticking part of the circular plate blank;
s5, press bending and spinning: performing press bending and spinning on the clamped circular plate blank by using an inverse curve track, reducing the blank diameter of the non-film-adhered part as much as possible, and then entering step S6;
s6, continuously performing press bending and spinning on the circular plate blank by using a reverse arc curve track until the circular plate blank is completely stuck to a die and is formed into a spinning piece;
s7, carrying out complete annealing treatment on the spinning piece;
and S8, machining the annealed spinning piece according to the drawing requirements to finish the preparation of a final product.
2. The multi-pass reverse curve track spinning forming method of the aluminum alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein R4-R5 fillets are machined at the maximum outer edges of two sides of the circular plate blank.
3. The multi-pass reverse curve track spinning forming method of the aluminum alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein the preset temperature is more than or equal to 100 ℃.
4. The multi-pass reverse curve path spinning forming method of aluminum alloy sheet according to claim 1, wherein the positive curve in step S4 is an involute or positive arc curve.
5. The multi-pass reverse curve path spinning forming method of aluminum alloy sheet according to claim 1, wherein the reverse curve of step S5 is a reverse arc curve.
6. The multi-pass reverse curve track spinning forming method of the aluminum alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein in the steps S4 and S5, for the part with the spinning theoretical deformation less than or equal to 30%, the spinning gap t is t 0 sin alpha, the spinning gap t of the rest part is 0.6t 0～0.7t0, wherein alpha is the half cone angle of the corresponding part of the product, and t 0 is the thickness of the circular plate blank.
7. The multi-pass reverse curve path spin forming method of an aluminum alloy sheet according to claim 1, wherein the working allowance is not less than 2.5mm.
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