CN113974174A

CN113974174A - Oil tea fruit broken shell extrusion separator

Info

Publication number: CN113974174A
Application number: CN202111207820.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁方; 袁靓; 周嫣嫣; 庹瑶瑶; 王宇兵; 邓玮鸿; 徐菲
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-10-18
Filing date: 2021-10-18
Publication date: 2022-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-18
Also published as: CN113974174B

Abstract

The invention discloses a camellia oleifera fruit shell breaking, extruding and separating device which comprises a rack, a grading system arranged on the left upper side of the rack, a shell breaking system and a shell breaking transmission system which are arranged in the middle of the rack, and a shelling and separating system arranged on the right lower side of the rack, wherein the shell breaking transmission system comprises a crank slide block transmission system and a grooved pulley transmission system which are used for respectively controlling the up-and-down linear motion of an upper cutter head and the intermittent rotation of a rotating disc. The invention can complete the work of diameter grading, cutting and breaking the shell, extruding and shelling, vibration separation and the like at one time, and can realize high-efficiency shelling and separation and reduce the seed damage rate no matter the oil tea fruits subjected to natural airing pretreatment or the freshly picked oil tea fruits. The invention adopts the hull breaking extrusion separation device, realizes high hull breaking rate and low seed damage rate and mechanical hull breaking for the camellia oleifera fruits by four processes of grading, cutting and hull breaking, extrusion hull breaking and vibration separation, and can effectively and mechanically hull without long-time pretreatment.

Description

Oil tea fruit broken shell extrusion separator

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera fruit shell breaking, extruding and separating device.

Background

The manual hulling of the oil tea fruits is low in efficiency and high in strength, and integrated and large-scale hulling can be realized mechanically. The impact type camellia oleifera fruit hulling device (Liao matched with 2019) enables camellia oleifera fruits to impact the inner wall of the outer shell through high-speed rotation of the impeller so as to hulle; the pressure peeling type oil tea fruit huller (Wanyanqing, etc. 2019) realizes hulling by air pressure transmission by simulating the hulling action of an artificial finger; the squeezing and kneading type (Li Yang, etc. 2015) de-cattail machine utilizes the squeezing and kneading principle to realize that the materials are extruded in the gap to break the shell; the method aims at the camellia oleifera fruits with cracked shells after natural airing, the shelling efficiency is high, the seed damage rate is low, and the effect on camellia oleifera green fruits is slight. The water content of fresh picked green oil tea fruits is generally more than 60%, along with the sharp increase of planting area and yield, the oil tea which cannot be treated after being stacked for a long time is easy to breed bacteria and mildew, so that the quality of the oil tea is poor, a special pneumatic pushing paw is designed for a pneumatic planing type hulling device (Wanyanqing, et al 2018) to push materials to enter a bite blade area, and the paw is driven by air pressure to push and realize hulling; the method can effectively and directly shell the green camellia fruits, but neglects the problems of shelling efficiency and seed damage rate.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the camellia oleifera fruit shell breaking and squeezing separation device which can realize high shelling rate, low seed damage rate and direct shelling of green fruits.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:

the oil tea fruit shell breaking extrusion separation device comprises a rack, a grading system arranged on the upper left of the rack, a shell breaking system and a shell breaking transmission system arranged in the middle of the rack, and a shell breaking and separating system arranged on the lower right of the rack; the grading system comprises a grading frame welded on the rack, two grading rollers with height difference and arranged on the grading frame, a grading transmission shaft, a grading adhesive tape arranged on the two grading rollers and the grading transmission shaft, and a chain wheel driving mechanism for driving the grading transmission shaft to rotate; the chain wheel driving mechanism transmits power to the grading rubber belt through the grading transmission shaft so as to circularly convey the grading rubber belt in the same direction; the grading transmission shaft drives the grading adhesive tape to rotate circularly, and under the combined action of the height difference of the two grading rollers and the gap of the grading adhesive tape, the camellia oleifera material is graded from top to bottom by using gravity and diameter difference; the shell breaking system comprises a support frame arranged in the middle of the rack, a lower cutter disc arranged below the support frame, an upper cutter disc arranged above the support frame, a sheave transmission system connected with a position-changing disc positioned on the lower cutter disc through a sheave shaft, and a crank block transmission system connected with the upper cutter disc; the grooved pulley transmission system drives the transfer disc to do intermittent motion, and simultaneously the slider-crank transmission system drives the upper cutter disc to do linear motion up and down for one time, so as to cut the material and drop the cut material into the blanking disc of the support frame; the shelling and separating system comprises an extrusion shelling system and a vibration separating system, the extrusion shelling system comprises an outer cylinder welded on the rack, an inner cylinder plate positioned in the outer cylinder, a main roller installed at the center of the inner cylinder plate space, a sub roller installed on the main roller and a first belt transmission system installed at one end of the main roller, the first belt transmission system drives the main roller to rotate, the main roller drives materials to rotate together and extrudes and rubs the materials in a space formed by the inner cylinder plate, the main roller and the sub roller to separate shells and tea seeds of the tea-oil tree materials; the vibration separation system includes through the articulated elements with vibration mesh screen, eccentric wheel that the frame is connected, with reciprocal connecting rod, the second belt drive system that the eccentric wheel is connected, the other end and the vibration mesh screen of reciprocal connecting rod are connected, drive the eccentric wheel through the second belt drive system and rotate to make reciprocal connecting rod drive vibration mesh screen reciprocating motion and reach the effect of vibration, make tea seed, shell and dirt bits separation.

Furthermore, 5 grading adhesive tapes of the grading system are arranged on mounting grooves designed for the first grading roller, the second grading roller and the grading transmission shaft, wherein the number of the first grading roller is 2, the gaps between the second grading roller and the mounting grooves on the grading transmission shaft are the same, the height difference between the first grading roller and the second grading roller is 40mm, the gap variation range between the grading adhesive tapes in the direction from the first grading roller to the second grading roller is 15 mm-60 mm, and the oil tea in the full-diameter range can be graded.

Preferably, the upper cutter disc is arranged in an upper cutter disc mounting shaft of the support frame, the upper cutters are welded in circular grooves of the upper cutter disc, the maximum diameters of the small, medium and large upper cutters are respectively 30mm, 40mm and 50mm, the circle centers of the upper cutters are hollow, and ejector pins in an ejector pin disc above the upper cutter disc penetrate through the circle centers of the upper cutters so as to prevent materials from being clamped in the upper cutters during working.

Furthermore, the lower cutter head is a two-thirds disk, one third of the disk is solid, the other third of the disk is provided with a circular groove, the lower cutter head is fixed on a lower cutter head mounting sleeve of the support frame through a tapping screw, and the lower cutter is welded in the circular groove of the lower cutter head; the indexing disc is arranged on the sheave shaft through a shaft end retainer ring, is a hollow annular disc, is divided into three areas by three uniformly distributed radial ribs, has the same maximum diameter as the lower cutter disc, and is arranged so that each area is aligned with one third of the area of the lower cutter disc; the maximum diameters of the lower cutters are respectively 30mm, 40mm and 50 mm.

Furthermore, a leakage-proof disc is fixed on the transposition disc, the cleaning broom is fixed on the leakage-proof disc through a set screw, and during installation, a baffle plate of the leakage-proof disc is positioned between the one-third hollow area and the one-third solid area of the transposition disc, and the cleaning broom is positioned between the one-third solid area and the one-third groove area of the transposition disc.

Preferably, the inner cylinder plate is arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder through a telescopic spring and a guide sleeve, and the inner cylinder plate consists of 8 inner cylinder plates to form an inner shelling cylinder; the sub-rollers are welded on the outer wall of the main roller through springs, and 10 sub-rollers are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the main roller; the main roller is axially fixed through a bearing, a shaft end retainer ring and a bearing end cover, the working part is in a circular truncated cone shape, a shelling space is formed by the working part and the surrounding part of the inner cylinder, and different shelling gaps are formed to conduct shelling treatment on oil-tea camellia fruits with different diameters.

Preferably, the vibrating mesh screen consists of three layers, holes with the diameters decreasing from top to bottom are arranged in each layer, and the husked oil-tea camellia shells, tea seeds and dust are separated through three layers of screens; the hinged part is arranged on the frame through a bolt, a nut and a washer; the reciprocating connecting rod is arranged on the side surface of the vibrating mesh screen and drives the vibrating mesh screen to reciprocate in a small stroke during working.

Preferably, the crank-slider transmission system comprises a swinging connecting rod connected with the upper cutter disc and a crankshaft making circular motion, and the swinging connecting rod is fixedly connected with the upper cutter disc through a shaft end cover; the crankshaft is connected with a second transmission shaft of the shell breaking transmission system through a set screw, and the second transmission shaft rotates to drive the crankshaft to do circular motion and drive the swinging connecting rod to swing so as to drive the upper cutter disc to do linear motion with one degree of freedom up and down; the grooved pulley transmission system comprises a grooved pulley shaft, grooved pulleys, a dial plate shaft and a drive plate, wherein the grooved pulley shaft is connected with the rotating plate and the grooved pulleys, the drive plate shaft is connected with the drive plate and a driven bevel gear in the shell breaking transmission system, the number of the grooved pulleys is 4, the grooved pulleys are matched with the drive plate, the number of round pins on the drive plate is 1, and the grooved pulleys are driven to rotate by 90 degrees when the drive plate rotates for one circle.

Further, the chain wheel driving mechanism comprises a driven chain wheel arranged on the grading transmission shaft and a driving chain wheel connected with the driven chain wheel through a chain; the driving chain wheel transmits power to the driven chain wheel through a chain to drive the grading transmission shaft to rotate, so that the grading rubber belt is conveyed circularly; the first belt transmission system comprises a sixth belt wheel, a third belt wheel, a fourth belt wheel and a V belt, and the third belt wheel and the fourth belt wheel are arranged on the main roller and are axially fixed through a shaft sleeve and a shaft shoulder; the sixth belt wheel transmits power to a third belt wheel through a V belt, and the third belt wheel drives the main roller to rotate; the second belt transmission system comprises a fifth belt wheel and a belt wheel shaft which are in transmission connection with the fourth belt wheel, the fifth belt wheel and an eccentric wheel are mounted on the belt wheel shaft, and the reciprocating connecting rod is driven to reciprocate through the rotation of the eccentric wheel.

Furthermore, openings of 20 degrees are formed in the upper left part and the right lower part of the outer cylinder, so that materials can smoothly enter the inner shelling cylinder; holes with the diameter of 20mm are fully distributed on the inner cylinder plate, and the tea seeds and the husks after being hulled can fall into the vibrating mesh screen from the holes.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

the grading system designed by the invention can grade the oil tea fruits with the diameter range of 20 mm-50 mm; the cutter in the shell breaking system is designed into a cross opening, the shell breaking scratch of the oil tea is simulated in a natural cracking state, and the shell breaking transmission system comprises a crank block transmission system and a grooved pulley transmission system which are used for respectively controlling the up-and-down linear motion of an upper cutter head and the intermittent rotation of a rotating disc; the extrusion shelling system is formed by an inner cylinder, a main roller and a sub-roller to form an extrusion space, and the extrusion force is adjusted through a compression spring, so that the seed damage rate is reduced, and the shelling rate is improved. The invention can complete the work of diameter grading, cutting and breaking the shell, extruding and shelling, vibration separation and the like at one time, and can realize high-efficiency shelling and separation and reduce the seed damage rate no matter the oil tea fruits subjected to natural airing pretreatment or the freshly picked oil tea fruits.

The invention adopts the hull breaking extrusion separation device, realizes high hull breaking rate and low seed damage rate and mechanical hull breaking for the camellia oleifera fruits by four processes of grading, cutting and hull breaking, extrusion hull breaking and vibration separation, and can effectively and mechanically hull without long-time pretreatment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a left side view of the crust breaking press-separating device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the crust breaking press separation device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical system of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the crust breaking system of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the crust breaking system of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the crust breaking transmission system of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the press hulling system of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-grading system, 2-shelling system, 3-shelling transmission system, 4-shelling separation system, 11-first grading roller, 12-grading adhesive tape, 13-second grading roller, 14-grading frame, 15-grading transmission shaft, 16-bearing seat, 17-driven sprocket, 18-chain, 19-driving sprocket, 21-thimble disc, 22-upper cutter, 23-lower cutter, 24-upper cutter disc, 25-self-tapping screw, 26-lower cutter disc, 27-indexing shaft end retainer ring, 28-indexing disc, 29-cleaning broom, 210-leakage-proof disc, 211-support frame, 212-screw, 31-sheave transmission shaft, 32-driven bevel gear, 33-drive disc transmission shaft, 34-swing connecting rod shaft end retainer ring, 35-swinging connecting rod, 36-crankshaft, 37-second transmission shaft, 38-driving bevel gear, 39-shaft coupling, 310-bearing end cover, 311-bearing, 312-first transmission shaft, 313-first belt wheel, 314-first V belt, 315-second belt wheel, 316-grooved wheel, 317-driving plate, 41-eccentric wheel, 42-fifth belt wheel, 43-belt wheel shaft, 44-fourth belt wheel, 45-third belt wheel, 46-main roller bearing retainer ring, 47-outer cylinder, 48-guide sleeve, 49-inner cylinder plate, 410-sub roller, 411-main roller, 412-sub roller spring, 413-expansion spring, 414-main roller bearing, 415-main roller bearing end cover, 416-second V belt, 417-third V belt, 418-reciprocating link, 419-hinge, 420-vibrating mesh, 421-sixth pulley, 422-bolt, nut and washer, 423-frame.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the camellia oleifera fruit crushing and squeezing separation device of the present invention comprises a frame 423, a grading system 1 installed on the upper left of the frame 423, a crushing system 2 installed in the middle of the frame 423 and a transmission system 3 thereof, and a shelling and separating system 4 installed on the lower right of the frame 423.

As shown in fig. 3, the classification system 1 includes a first classification roller 11, a classification tape 12, a second classification roller 13, a classification frame 14 welded to a frame 423, a classification transmission shaft 15, a bearing housing 16, a driven sprocket 17, a chain 18, and a drive sprocket 19. The first classifying roller 11, the second classifying roller 13 and the classifying transmission shaft 15 are mounted on the classifying rack 14 through bearing blocks 16, and the bearing blocks 16 axially fix the first classifying roller 11 and the second classifying roller 12 and support the rotation of the classifying rollers. The number of the grading tapes 12 is 5, the grading tapes are arranged on the first grading roller 11, the second grading roller 13 and the grading transmission shaft 15, in the installation process, the gap between the grading tapes 12 in the direction from the first grading roller 11 to the second grading roller 13 is gradually increased and ranges from 15mm to 60mm, and meanwhile, the height difference maintained by the first grading roller 11 and the second grading roller 13 is 40 mm. During operation drive sprocket 19 transmits power to driven sprocket 17 through chain 18, driven sprocket 17 installs the one end at hierarchical transmission shaft 15, through the shaft shoulder, circlip carries out axial fixity, it is fixed circumferentially to carry out through the parallel key, power is transmitted for hierarchical transmission shaft 15 by driven sprocket 17, hierarchical transmission shaft 15 drives hierarchical sticky tape 12 circulation rotation afterwards, at the difference in height of first hierarchical roller 11 and second hierarchical roller 13, under the combined action of sticky tape clearance, realize in the course of the work that the tea-oil camellia material utilizes gravity from top to bottom, the diameter difference is hierarchical, fall into the blanking dish of hierarchical frame 14 respectively.

As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the hull breaking system 2 includes a supporting frame 211, a thimble plate 21, an upper cutter 22 and an upper cutter 24, the upper cutter 22 is welded in a circular groove of the upper cutter 24, the upper cutter 22 is designed in a cross shape to simulate a cross growth pattern when the oil tea naturally cracks, the upper cutter 24 reciprocates on an upper cutter mounting shaft of the supporting frame 211, the thimble plate 21 is fixed at an axial end of the supporting frame 211 through a screw to be matched with the upper cutter 24, a thimble is welded to the thimble plate, and each thimble penetrates through the vertically corresponding upper cutter 22 to prevent the material from being clamped in the cutter. The lower cutter head 26 is a two-thirds disk, one third is an entity, a circular groove is arranged on the one third disk, the lower cutter head is fixed on a lower cutter head mounting sleeve of the support frame 211 through a tapping screw 25, and the lower cutter 23 is designed to be cross-shaped so as to simulate cross-shaped growth grains when the oil tea naturally cracks and is welded in the circular groove of the lower cutter head 26.

The indexing disc 28 is mounted on the sheave shaft 31 through a shaft end retainer ring, the indexing disc 28 is a hollow circular disc, three uniformly distributed radial ribs divide the indexing disc into three regions (as shown in fig. 5), the three regions are the same as the maximum diameter of the lower cutter disc 26, and each region is aligned with one third of the region of the lower cutter disc 26 during mounting. The anti-leakage disc 210 is fixed on the lower cutter head 26 through a screw 212, the cleaning broom 29 is fixed on the anti-leakage disc 210 through a set screw, during installation, a baffle of the anti-leakage disc 210 is positioned between a third hollow area and a third solid area of the transposition disc 28 to ensure that materials cannot leak from the third hollow area, and the cleaning broom 29 is positioned between the third solid area and a third groove area of the lower cutter head to ensure that the materials are not in a stacked state when rotating, but are arranged one by one and placed into the third groove area. In the invention, the number of the lower cutter head 26, the transposition disk 28, the cleaning broom 29 and the leakage-proof disk 210 is 3, and the lower cutter head 26, the transposition disk 28, the cleaning broom 29 and the leakage-proof disk 210 are correspondingly installed and aim at the oil tea materials with three grades of small, medium and large, so that the sizes of the similar parts are different and are adjusted according to the diameters of the materials, the diameters of the lower cutter head 26 and the transposition disk 28 and the diameters of the inner walls of the leakage-proof disk 210 are respectively 300mm, 400mm and 450mm from small to medium to large, and the lengths of the cleaning broom 29 are respectively 150mm, 200mm and 225 mm; the upper cutter 22 and the lower cutter 23 are also divided into a small type, a medium type and a large type along with the diameter of the material, the maximum diameters of the cutters are respectively 30mm, 40mm and 50mm, and only one serial number is adopted for the same part in the drawing for convenience of drawing reading.

In addition, the depth of the circular groove on the lower cutter disc 26 is 10mm, 15mm and 20mm from small, medium to large, respectively. The lengths of the cleaning broom 29 are 150mm, 200mm and 225mm from the small, medium and large sizes, respectively. The height of the leakage-proof disc 210 is 80mm, baffles with radial lengths of 150mm, 200mm and 225mm from small to medium to large are arranged in the leakage-proof disc, and the height of the baffles is 60 mm.

As shown in fig. 7, the crust breaking transmission system 3 includes a sheave shaft 31, a dial shaft 33, a driven bevel gear 32, a swing connecting rod 35, a crankshaft 36, a first transmission shaft 312, a second transmission shaft 37, a driving bevel gear 38, a sheave 316 and a dial 317, wherein the sheave 316 is mounted on the sheave shaft 31, and the dial 317 and the driven bevel gear 32 are mounted on the dial shaft 33 and fixed by a bushing. The crankshaft 36 is fixed on the right end of the second transmission shaft 37 through a set screw, and the swing connecting rod 35 is connected with the crankshaft 36 and the upper cutter disc 24 through a shaft end retainer ring 34. The drive bevel gear 38 is mounted on the first transmission shaft 312 and the second transmission shaft 37 through a shoulder and a bearing 311 and a bearing end cover 310, and is circumferentially fixed through a flat key, the first transmission shaft 312 and the second transmission shaft 37 are connected through a coupler 39, the first belt pulley 313 unidirectionally transmits power with the second belt pulley 315 through a first V-belt 314, the second belt pulley 315 is mounted on the left side of the first transmission shaft 312, and is axially fixed through a shoulder and a double-round nut, and is circumferentially fixed through a flat key.

In the present invention, the transmission ratio of the drive bevel gear 38 and the driven bevel gear 32 is 1: 1, during operation, the first belt pulley 313 transmits power to the second belt pulley 315 through the first V-belt 314, the second belt pulley 315 drives the first transmission shaft 312 and the second transmission shaft 37 to rotate, on one hand, the driving bevel gear 38 transmits the power to the driven bevel gear 32 to drive the dial shaft 33 to rotate, the dial shaft 33 drives the dial 317 to rotate, each time the dial shaft rotates for a circle, the round pin on the dial 317 drives the grooved pulley 316 to rotate for 90 degrees, and the index plate 28 installed at the other end of the grooved pulley shaft 31 also rotates for 90 degrees; on the other hand, the second transmission shaft 37 drives the crankshaft 36 to make a circular motion, so that the swinging connecting rod 35 drives the upper cutter disc 24 to make a reciprocating linear motion on the upper cutter disc mounting shaft of the supporting frame 211, because the transmission ratio of the bevel gear is 1: 1, when the upper cutter disc 24 completes reciprocating motion once, the transposition disc 28 rotates 90 degrees, the oil tea fruit materials falling from the grading system 1 are firstly accumulated in one third of the entity area in the small, medium and large lower cutter discs 26, when the transposition disc 28 rotates once, the materials in the one third of the entity area are driven to rotate together, at the moment, the upper cutter disc 24 moves downwards, the upper cutter 22 in the circular groove of the upper cutter disc 24 and the lower cutter 23 in the one third of the groove area of the lower cutter disc 26 are clamped together to cut the materials, and after the cutting is completed, the upper cutter disc 24 returns upwards and continues to move in the next cycle; at the beginning of the next period, the materials cut by the knife are driven by the hollow ring of the indexing disc 28 to rotate together to the one third hollow area of the lower cutter disc 26, and at the moment, the materials fall into the blanking disc of the support frame 211 from the hollow ring and the hollow area, so that the complete shell breaking process is finished.

As shown in fig. 8, the husking and separating system 4 includes an extruding husking system and a vibrating separating system, the extruding husking system includes an outer cylinder 47 welded on the frame 423, an inner cylinder plate 49 located in the outer cylinder 47, a main roller 411 installed at the center inside the space of the inner cylinder plate 49, a sub roller 410 installed on the main roller 411, and a first belt transmission system installed at one end of the main roller 411, the first belt transmission system drives the main roller to rotate, the main roller 411 drives the material to rotate together, and the main roller 411 presses and rubs the material in the space formed by the inner cylinder plate 49, the main roller 411 and the sub roller 410 to separate the husks from the tea seeds. The first belt transmission system comprises a sixth belt wheel 421, a third belt wheel 45, a fourth belt wheel 44 and a V-belt, wherein the third belt wheel 45 and the fourth belt wheel 44 are mounted on the main roller 411 and are axially fixed through a shaft sleeve and a shaft shoulder. The sixth pulley 421 transmits power to the third pulley 45 via the V-belt, and the third pulley 45 rotates the main roller 411.

The vibration separation system comprises a vibration mesh screen 420 connected with the frame 423 through a hinge 419, an eccentric wheel 41, a reciprocating connecting rod 418 connected with the eccentric wheel 41 and a second belt transmission system, the other end of the reciprocating connecting rod 418 is connected with the vibration mesh screen 420, the second belt transmission system drives the eccentric wheel to rotate, so that the reciprocating connecting rod 418 drives the vibration mesh screen 420 to reciprocate to achieve the vibration effect, and tea seeds, fruit shells and dust are separated. The second belt transmission system comprises a fifth belt pulley 42 in transmission connection with the fourth belt pulley 44, a belt pulley shaft 43, the fifth belt pulley 42 and the eccentric 41 are mounted on the belt pulley shaft 43, and the reciprocating connecting rod 418 is driven to reciprocate by the rotation of the eccentric 41.

The outer cylinder 47 is welded and fixed on the frame 423, an opening of 20 degrees is formed in the upper left side relative to the vertical direction shown in fig. 1, openings of 20 degrees are bilaterally symmetrical relative to the vertical direction under the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder plate 49 is installed on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 47 through the guide sleeve 48 and the telescopic spring 413, holes with the diameter of 20mm are fully distributed on the inner cylinder plate 49, the inner cylinder plate 49 in 8 blocks forms an inner shelling cylinder, the telescopic spring 413 is designed according to the maximum and minimum pressure of tea-oil tree fruit hydrostatic mechanics, the space gap can be adjusted independently when materials are extruded, and the seed injury rate is reduced. The main roller 411 is axially fixed through a main roller bearing end cover 415, a main roller bearing 414 and a main roller bearing retainer ring 46, 10 sub rollers 410 are uniformly distributed through sub roller springs 412 and are installed on the outer wall of the working part of the main roller 411, the contact area between the sub rollers 410 and materials is increased, and the extrusion force is effectively adjusted through the springs. The working part of the main roller 411 is designed to be in a circular truncated cone shape to adapt to oil tea materials with different diameters, the design of the sub-rollers 410 increases the contact area between the extrusion space and the oil tea, and the size of the extrusion force is automatically adjusted through the sub-roller springs 412, so that the shelling rate is improved, and the seed damage rate is reduced.

The vibrating mesh 420 is fixed to the frame 423 by a hinge 419, and the hinge 419 is connected to the frame 423 by a coupling 422 formed of a bolt, a nut, and a washer. During operation, materials falling from a blanking disc of a supporting frame 211 of the shell breaking system enter the inner cylinder, the sixth belt wheel 421 transmits power to the third belt wheel 45 through the second V-belt 417, on one hand, the third belt wheel 45 drives the main roller 411 to rotate, the materials are squeezed and rubbed in a shell breaking space formed by the inner cylinder, the main roller 411 and the sub rollers 410 to separate shells and tea seeds, and the separated shells and tea seeds fall into a vibrating mesh screen from holes of an inner cylinder plate 49; on the other hand, the main roller 411 drives the fourth pulley 44 to rotate, and the fifth pulley 42 is driven to rotate by the third V-belt 416, so as to drive the pulley shaft 43 to rotate, drive the eccentric wheel 41 to rotate, and further drive the reciprocating connecting rod 418 to move, so that the vibrating mesh screen 420 reciprocates to achieve the effect of vibration separation.

When the automatic material falling machine works, the grading system 1, the shell breaking system 2 and the shell removing and separating system 3 are respectively powered by independent motors, materials slide from top to bottom through the grading system 1 due to self gravity, and materials with different diameters fall into the material falling plate of the grading frame 14 from gaps with the corresponding lengths of the grading adhesive tapes 12. The oil tea in the blanking disc 14 continuously slides down, enters the shell breaking system 2 and is accumulated in one third of solid areas of the rotating disc 28 and the lower cutter disc 26, the leakage-proof disc 210 ensures that materials cannot leak from the periphery and one third of hollow areas, the first belt wheel 313 transmits power to the second belt wheel 315 through the first V-shaped belt 314 to drive the first transmission shaft 312 and the second transmission shaft 37 to rotate, the driving bevel gear 38 on the first belt wheel rotates to change the direction of the power and transmit the direction of the power to the driven bevel gear 32, the crankshaft 36 on the first belt wheel rotates to drive the swinging connecting rod 35 to swing, the driven bevel gear 32 transmits the power to the grooved wheel 317 through the dial plate shaft 33, the dial plate 317 rotates for one circle to drive the grooved wheel 316 to perform 90-degree intermittent rotation, and the intermittent rotation is transmitted to the rotating disc 28 through the grooved wheel shaft 31; the swinging connecting rod 35 drives the upper cutter disc 24 to reciprocate up and down on the upper cutter disc mounting shaft of the support frame 211, and the transmission ratio of the bevel gear is 1: 1, the upper cutter disc 24 completes one up-and-down reciprocating motion when the indexing disc 28 makes one intermittent motion; the shifting disc 28 rotates once to drive the stacked oil tea to rotate once, the sweeping broom 29 ensures that the stacked oil tea is changed into single arrangement to enter one third of the groove area during rotation, so that one fruit is cut by one cutter during cutting, the upper cutter disc 24 moves downwards, the upper cutter 22 and the lower cutter 23 clamp the oil tea up and down to realize cutter shell breaking, and the quick return characteristic of the crank slide block transmission system drives the upper cutter disc 24 to return quickly when moving upwards to wait for the next period of movement; starting the next period, the indexing disc 28 drives the oil-tea trees to rotate together for 90 degrees to reach a one-third hollow area, and the oil-tea trees fall into the material falling disc of the support frame 211 from the hollow circular ring and the hollow area, so that the first batch of oil-tea trees complete the shell breaking process; the shelled materials continuously slide downwards from the blanking disc 211 to a gap space of the shelling separation system 3, which is composed of an inner cylinder plate 49, a main roller 411 and a sub roller 410, a sixth belt wheel 421 drives a third belt wheel 45 to rotate through a second V belt 417, so as to drive the main roller 411 to rotate, the size of the oil tea is larger than that of the gap space, the main roller 411 drives the oil tea to rotate together, so that the purpose of squeezing and rubbing the oil tea to separate husks and tea seeds in the space is achieved, and the shelled tea seeds and husks fall into a vibrating mesh screen 420 through holes in the inner cylinder plate 49 and gaps at the lower part of an outer cylinder; the main roller 411 drives the fourth belt pulley 44 to rotate, the fourth belt pulley 44 drives the fifth belt pulley 42 to rotate through the third V-belt 416, and drives the eccentric wheel 41 to rotate through the belt pulley shaft 43, so that the reciprocating connecting rod 418 drives the vibrating screen 420 to reciprocate to achieve the vibrating effect, and the tea seeds, the shells and the dust are separated. Thus, a complete grading, cutting and breaking, extruding and shelling and vibration separation process is completed.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a tea-oil camellia fruit crushing extrusion separator which characterized in that: the hulling and separating device comprises a rack, a grading system arranged on the left upper part of the rack, a hulling system and a hulling transmission system arranged in the middle of the rack, and a hulling and separating system arranged on the right lower part of the rack;

the grading system comprises a grading frame welded on the rack, two grading rollers with height difference and arranged on the grading frame, a grading transmission shaft, a grading adhesive tape arranged on the two grading rollers and the grading transmission shaft, and a chain wheel driving mechanism for driving the grading transmission shaft to rotate; the chain wheel driving mechanism transmits power to the grading rubber belt through the grading transmission shaft so as to circularly convey the grading rubber belt in the same direction; the grading transmission shaft drives the grading adhesive tape to rotate circularly, and under the combined action of the height difference of the two grading rollers and the gap of the grading adhesive tape, the camellia oleifera material is graded from top to bottom by using gravity and diameter difference;

the shell breaking system comprises a support frame arranged in the middle of the rack, a lower cutter disc arranged below the support frame, an upper cutter disc arranged above the support frame, a sheave transmission system connected with a position-changing disc positioned on the lower cutter disc through a sheave shaft, and a crank block transmission system connected with the upper cutter disc; the grooved pulley transmission system drives the transfer disc to do intermittent motion, and simultaneously the slider-crank transmission system drives the upper cutter disc to do linear motion up and down for one time, so as to cut the material and drop the cut material into the blanking disc of the support frame;

the shelling and separating system comprises an extrusion shelling system and a vibration separating system, the extrusion shelling system comprises an outer cylinder welded on the rack, an inner cylinder plate positioned in the outer cylinder, a main roller installed at the center of the inner cylinder plate space, a sub roller installed on the main roller and a first belt transmission system installed at one end of the main roller, the first belt transmission system drives the main roller to rotate, the main roller drives materials to rotate together and extrudes and rubs the materials in a space formed by the inner cylinder plate, the main roller and the sub roller to separate shells and tea seeds of the tea-oil tree materials;

the vibration separation system includes through the articulated elements with vibration mesh screen, eccentric wheel that the frame is connected, with reciprocal connecting rod, the second belt drive system that the eccentric wheel is connected, the other end and the vibration mesh screen of reciprocal connecting rod are connected, drive the eccentric wheel through the second belt drive system and rotate to make reciprocal connecting rod drive vibration mesh screen reciprocating motion and reach the effect of vibration, make tea seed, shell and dirt bits separation.

2. The oil tea fruit crushing and extruding separation device according to claim 1, wherein: the grading system is provided with 5 grading adhesive tapes which are arranged on a first grading roller, a second grading roller and a grading transmission shaft, wherein the number of the first grading roller is 2, the gaps of the second grading roller and the grading transmission shaft are the same, the height difference between the first grading roller and the second grading roller is 40mm, the gap variation range between the grading adhesive tapes in the direction from the first grading roller to the second grading roller is 15 mm-60 mm, and the oil tea in the full-diameter range can be graded.

3. The oil tea fruit crushing and extruding separation device according to claim 1, wherein: the upper cutter disc is arranged in an upper cutter disc mounting shaft of the support frame, the upper cutters are welded in circular grooves of the upper cutter disc, the maximum diameters of the small, medium and large upper cutters are respectively 30mm, 40mm and 50mm, the circle centers of the upper cutters are hollow, and the ejector pins in the ejector pin disc above the upper cutter disc penetrate through the circle centers of the upper cutters so as to prevent materials from being clamped in the upper cutters during working.

4. The oil tea fruit crushing and extruding separation device according to claim 3, wherein: the lower cutter head is a two-thirds disk, one third of the disk is a solid, the other third of the disk is provided with a circular groove, the lower cutter head is fixed on a lower cutter head mounting sleeve of the support frame through a tapping screw, and the lower cutter is welded in the circular groove of the lower cutter head;

the indexing disc is arranged on the sheave shaft through a shaft end retainer ring, is a hollow annular disc, is divided into three areas by three uniformly distributed radial ribs, has the same maximum diameter as the lower cutter disc, and is arranged so that each area is aligned with one third of the area of the lower cutter disc; the maximum diameters of the lower cutters are respectively 30mm, 40mm and 50 mm.

5. The oil tea fruit crushing and squeezing separation device according to claim 4, wherein: the anti-leakage tray is fixed on the transposition tray, the cleaning broom is fixed on the anti-leakage tray through the set screw, and during installation, the baffle plate of the anti-leakage tray is positioned between the one-third hollow area and the one-third solid area of the transposition tray, and the cleaning broom is positioned between the one-third solid area and the one-third groove area of the transposition tray.

6. The oil tea fruit crushing and extruding separation device according to claim 1, wherein: the inner cylinder plate is arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder through a telescopic spring and a guide sleeve, and the inner cylinder plate consists of 8 inner cylinder plates to form a shelling inner cylinder; the sub-rollers are welded on the outer wall of the main roller through springs, and 10 sub-rollers are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the main roller; the main roller is axially fixed through a bearing, a shaft end retainer ring and a bearing end cover, the working part is in a circular truncated cone shape, a shelling space is formed by the working part and the surrounding part of the inner cylinder, and different shelling gaps are formed to conduct shelling treatment on oil-tea camellia fruits with different diameters.

7. The oil tea fruit crushing and extruding separation device according to claim 1, wherein: the vibrating mesh screen consists of three layers, holes with the diameters decreasing from top to bottom are arranged in each layer, and the husked oil tea shells, tea seeds and dust are separated through three layers of screen meshes; the hinged part is arranged on the frame through a bolt, a nut and a washer; the reciprocating connecting rod is arranged on the side surface of the vibrating mesh screen and drives the vibrating mesh screen to reciprocate in a small stroke during working.

8. The oil tea fruit crushing and extruding separation device according to claim 1, wherein: the crank slide block transmission system comprises a swinging connecting rod connected with the upper cutter disc and a crankshaft doing circular motion, and the swinging connecting rod is fixedly connected with the upper cutter disc through a shaft end cover; the crankshaft is connected with a second transmission shaft of the shell breaking transmission system through a set screw, and the second transmission shaft rotates to drive the crankshaft to do circular motion and drive the swinging connecting rod to swing so as to drive the upper cutter disc to do linear motion with one degree of freedom up and down;

the grooved pulley transmission system comprises a grooved pulley shaft, grooved pulleys, a dial plate shaft and a drive plate, wherein the grooved pulley shaft is connected with the rotating plate and the grooved pulleys, the drive plate shaft is connected with the drive plate and a driven bevel gear in the shell breaking transmission system, the number of the grooved pulleys is 4, the grooved pulleys are matched with the drive plate, the number of round pins on the drive plate is 1, and the grooved pulleys are driven to rotate by 90 degrees when the drive plate rotates for one circle.

9. The oil tea fruit crushing and extruding separation device according to claim 1, wherein: the chain wheel driving mechanism comprises a driven chain wheel arranged on the grading transmission shaft and a driving chain wheel connected with the driven chain wheel through a chain; the driving chain wheel transmits power to the driven chain wheel through a chain to drive the grading transmission shaft to rotate, so that the grading rubber belt is conveyed circularly;

the first belt transmission system comprises a sixth belt wheel, a third belt wheel, a fourth belt wheel and a V belt, and the third belt wheel and the fourth belt wheel are arranged on the main roller and are axially fixed through a shaft sleeve and a shaft shoulder; the sixth belt wheel transmits power to a third belt wheel through a V belt, and the third belt wheel drives the main roller to rotate;

the second belt transmission system comprises a fifth belt wheel and a belt wheel shaft which are in transmission connection with the fourth belt wheel, the fifth belt wheel and an eccentric wheel are mounted on the belt wheel shaft, and the reciprocating connecting rod is driven to reciprocate through the rotation of the eccentric wheel.

10. The oil tea fruit crushing and squeezing separation device according to claim 6, wherein: openings of 20 degrees are formed in the upper left part and the right lower part of the outer cylinder, so that materials can smoothly enter the inner shelling cylinder; holes with the diameter of 20mm are fully distributed on the inner cylinder plate, and the tea seeds and the husks after being hulled can fall into the vibrating mesh screen from the holes.