CN113697849A - MXene/rGO/stannic oxide nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

MXene/rGO/stannic oxide nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113697849A
CN113697849A CN202110992371.2A CN202110992371A CN113697849A CN 113697849 A CN113697849 A CN 113697849A CN 202110992371 A CN202110992371 A CN 202110992371A CN 113697849 A CN113697849 A CN 113697849A
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CN113697849B (en
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王琰
张海燕
张丹枫
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • C01G19/00Compounds of tin
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    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic wave absorption materials, and discloses an MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nano composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out chemical stripping on MAX phase powder to obtain MXene nanosheets, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution; stirring and mixing graphene oxide and stannic chloride-pentahydrate to obtain a water dispersion solution, and adding ammonium fluoride and urea to obtain a mixed solution; stirring and mixing the solutions with the sodium alginate water dispersion solution to obtain a mixed gel solution; carrying out hydrothermal treatment on the mixed gel solution, cooling and then carrying out freeze drying treatment; and carrying out heat treatment reduction on the mixed gas to obtain a product. The method has simple steps, the obtained structure has large specific surface area, the conductivity loss of the material is improved by forming the conductive network, and the obtained composite material has light weight, high dielectric loss capacity, higher conductivity and enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance and can be used as a wave-absorbing material.

Description

MXene/rGO/stannic oxide nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic wave absorption materials, and particularly relates to an MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nano composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the popularization and development of wireless communication technology, electromagnetic interference is becoming a serious global problem, and electromagnetic pollution is becoming a new pollution. Electromagnetic waves not only can interfere the use of precision instruments in scientific research or production practice, but also can cause irreversible influence on human bodies due to the damage of human body health caused by excessive electromagnetic wave radiation. In order to solve these trends, it is imperative to develop materials capable of absorbing electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave absorbing material is also called as stealth material, and the development trend of stealth materials is wide in absorbing frequency band, strong in absorption, light in weight and thin in thickness. The conventional method for preparing the wave-absorbing material has complicated steps, high density and poor absorption capacity, various factors limit the development of the stealth material, and the composite material prepared by the method has large specific surface area and light weight and can be well applied to the stealth material.
MXene is a new class of metal carbide materials, is an early transition metal carbide and carbon nitride with a two-dimensional layered structure, and the corresponding ternary material is MAX phase (comprising Ti)3SiC2、Ti3AlC2Etc.). In actual practice, the MAX phase material may be selectively etched away, resulting in accordion-like precipitates and supernatant fluid on the two-dimensional nanosheets. The etching solution usually contains fluorine ions, such as hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonium hydrogen fluoride (NH)4HF2) And a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF). The MXene material has the advantages of large specific surface area, many active sites, good metal conductivity and good development prospect in electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.
Graphene is a molecule formed by the passage of carbon atoms through sp2Carbon atoms connected by hybridization are tightly stacked to form a new material with a single-layer two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure, and the hybridization tracks form a hexagon. The graphene has excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties and high theoretical specific surface area (2630 m)2G) and ultrahigh electron mobility (200000 cm)2/v.s), high Young's modulus (1TPa), and the like. Graphene relies on its particular structure and propertiesThe method has the advantages of having good development and application prospects in the fields of energy storage and conversion devices, nano electronic devices, flexible wearability, electromagnetic shielding and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of an MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nano composite material; the method has the advantages of simple process, strong repeatability, easily controlled preparation process and conditions, and strong dielectric loss capability of the prepared composite material. .
The invention also aims to provide the MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite prepared by the preparation method.
The invention further aims to provide application of the MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nano composite material comprises the following operation steps:
(1) stripping MAXe phase powder by a chemical method to obtain MXene nanosheets, and performing ultrasonic dispersion by using deionized water as a solvent to obtain MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution;
(2) sequentially adding graphene oxide, stannic chloride and pentahydrate into deionized water, stirring and mixing to obtain a water dispersion solution, and sequentially adding ammonium fluoride and urea to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) magnetically stirring and mixing the MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution obtained in the step (1), the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) and the sodium alginate water dispersion solution to obtain a mixed gel solution;
(4) carrying out hydrothermal treatment on the mixed gel solution, carrying out suction filtration and cooling, and then carrying out freeze drying treatment;
(5) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the freeze-dried product, and reducing the product in a reducing gas/inert gas mixed gas atmosphere to obtain the MXene/rGO/stannic oxide nanocomposite.
The MAX phase powder in the step (1) is Ti3SiC2And Ti3AlC2One or two, the particle size of MAX phase powder is 200-600 meshes. Ti3AlC2The MXene precursor is an excellent MXene precursor, has a unique nano-layered crystal structure, is antioxidant and self-lubricating, and can be obtained by HF treatment or HCl + LiF treatment of an etching solution; the MAX phase powder is titanium aluminum carbide Ti with the preferable particle size of 200 meshes and the purity of 99.99 percent3AlC2(ii) a The concentration of the MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution is 0.1-1 mg/mL.
The MAX phase powder is chemically stripped in the step (1) according to the following steps: firstly, adding 2g of MAX phase powder into 50mL of 40 wt% hydrofluoric acid solution, magnetically stirring for 24h under the ambient condition at room temperature for etching, and centrifugally collecting an etching product after the etching is finished; dispersing the etching product in 150mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, introducing nitrogen for 1h, sealing, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 24h for intercalation; carrying out ultrasonic treatment on N, N-dimethylformamide dispersion liquid containing MXene nanosheets and accordion-shaped precipitates after intercalation for 4h in a nitrogen atmosphere and ice-water bath by using an ultrasonic cell crushing instrument, stripping and crushing; centrifuging to obtain a product after intercalation, adding deionized water, and performing ice bath ultrasound again; separating and screening out the bottom accordion-shaped precipitate and the upper clear liquid nanosheet by segmented centrifugation; and concentrating the obtained supernatant, freeze-drying, collecting freeze-dried products, and grinding to obtain the MXene nanosheets.
In the step (2), the stannic chloride pentahydrate is analytically pure AR 99%, the ammonium fluoride is analytically pure AR 96.0%, and the urea is analytically pure AR 99%; the concentrations of the graphene oxide, the stannic chloride-pentahydrate, the ammonium fluoride and the urea in the mixed solution are respectively 1-5 mg/mL.
The molecular weight of the sodium alginate in the step (3) is 4000-10000, and the concentration of the sodium alginate water dispersion solution is 5-10 mg/mL.
And (3) when the MXene nanosheet aqueous dispersion solution in the step (3), the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) and the sodium alginate aqueous dispersion solution are magnetically stirred and mixed, the mass ratio of the MXene nanosheets, the graphene oxide, the tin source stannic chloride pentahydrate, the ammonium fluoride, the urea and the sodium alginate is 1.5: 18: 20: 20: 20: 40.
the magnetic stirring speed in the step (3) is 250-300rpm, and the stirring time is 2 h.
The temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the step (4) is 100-180 ℃, the preferred temperature is 140 ℃, and the treatment time is 12-36h, the preferred time is 24 h; performing suction filtration after the hydrothermal treatment is finished; the freeze drying treatment is to freeze the suction filtration product into solid in a refrigerator, and then freeze-dry the solid in a freeze dryer at-50 ℃ for 12-72h, preferably 60 h.
The heat treatment in the step (5) is carried out by raising the temperature to 150-; the reducing atmosphere comprises hydrogen, ammonia or methane, and the inert gas comprises nitrogen or argon.
MXene/rGO/SnO prepared by the preparation method2The thickness of the nano composite material blade is 50-150nm, the mass content of tin element is 29%, and the mass content of carbon element is 51%.
MXene/rGO/SnO as described above2The application of the nano composite material in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. The carbon material in the MXene/rGO/stannic oxide nano composite material prepared by the invention can provide dielectric loss, and stannic oxide serving as an excellent semiconductor material can enhance the dielectric loss performance of the composite material, so that the combination of the carbon material and the stannic oxide can greatly improve the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the composite material, and the composite material can be used as a wave-absorbing material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the preparation method takes graphene oxide as a carbon skeleton, tin tetrachloride pentahydrate is subjected to hydrolysis reaction in hydrothermal process, and sodium alginate aqueous solution is added, so that MXene nanosheets and SnO are subjected to hydrothermal reaction2Embedded on the carbon skeleton; freeze-drying the reaction product to remove water, wherein the product is in an aerogel state due to the addition of sodium alginate; finally, the graphene oxide is reduced to reduced graphene oxide in the hydrogen/argon atmosphere, a unique conductive network is formed, and the specific surface area of the material is increased, so that the material has high dielectric loss, low density and high conductivity.
(2) The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, simplifies the traditional preparation steps and has strong repeatability. In the aspect of the electromagnetic wave absorbing material, the prepared product meets the requirements of thin thickness and light weight.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of MXene supernatant nanoplatelets prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite obtained at a thermal reduction temperature of 200 ℃ in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposites obtained with thermal reduction temperatures of 200 ℃ for example 3 of the present invention, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of an annular sample in the frequency range of 2-18GHz in accordance with example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the real and imaginary parts of permeability for an annular sample in the frequency range of 2-18GHz in accordance with example 5 of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the dielectric loss and magnetic loss mechanism for the annular sample in the frequency range of 2-18GHz in accordance with example 5 of the invention;
FIG. 7 shows the reflectance values obtained by simulating different thicknesses in the frequency range of 2-18GHz for the ring sample in example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
This example is a specific example of MXene nanoplatelets prepared by the invention.
First 2g of titanium aluminium carbide (Ti)3AlC2) Adding MAX into 50mL of 40 wt% hydrofluoric acid solution, magnetically stirring for 24h under the ambient condition at room temperature for etching, and centrifugally collecting an etching product after etching; dispersing the etching product in 150mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, introducing nitrogen for 1h, sealing, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 24h to perform intercalation; will contain Ti after intercalation3C2Tx DMF dispersion was subjected to ultrasonic treatment in ice water bath for 4h under nitrogen atmosphere using ultrasonic cell disruptor, followed by exfoliationCrushing; centrifuging to obtain a product after intercalation, adding deionized water, and performing ice bath ultrasound again; separating and screening out the bottom accordion-shaped precipitate and the upper clear liquid nanosheet by segmented centrifugation; and concentrating the obtained supernatant, freeze-drying, collecting freeze-dried products, and grinding to obtain MXene supernatant nanosheets.
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the MXene supernatant nanosheet prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the MXene supernatant nanosheet obtained after etching, intercalation, and exfoliation has a thin thickness and a uniform size.
Example 2
Weighing 15mg of MXene supernatant nanosheets prepared in example 1, and ultrasonically dispersing the MXene supernatant nanosheets in 10mL of deionized water to obtain an MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution; weighing 0.2g of stannic chloride pentahydrate, dissolving in 30mL of deionized water, adding 0.18g of graphene oxide, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 30min to obtain a uniformly mixed solution, and then adding 0.2g of ammonium fluoride and 0.2g of urea, wherein the magnetic stirring at room temperature is carried out for 30min to obtain a mixed solution; weighing 0.4g of sodium alginate, and slowly dripping 10mL of deionized water to ensure that the sodium alginate cannot be agglomerated together to obtain a sodium alginate water dispersion solution; the 3 solution systems were mixed and stirred magnetically at room temperature for 2 h. And then placing the uniform system in a liner of a 100mL polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24h at 140 ℃ in a vacuum drying oven. And (3) carrying out suction filtration and collection on the hydrothermal reaction product, freezing the product into a solid in a refrigerator, and then placing the solid in a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 60 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃ below zero. Finally, it is subjected to a thermal reduction treatment in H2Heating to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the atmosphere of/Ar mixed gas, preserving heat for two hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite.
Example 3
Weighing 15mg of MXene supernatant nanosheets prepared in example 1, and ultrasonically dispersing the MXene supernatant nanosheets in 10mL of deionized water to obtain an MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution; 0.2g of tin tetrachloride pentahydrate was weighed and dissolved in 30mL of deionized water, followed by addition of 0.18g of graphene oxide and magnetic stirring at room temperature for 30min to obtain a uniformly mixed solution, followed by addition of 0.2gMixing ammonium fluoride and 0.2g urea at room temperature under magnetic stirring for 30 min; weighing 0.4g of sodium alginate, and slowly dripping 10mL of deionized water to ensure that the sodium alginate cannot be agglomerated together to obtain a sodium alginate water dispersion solution; the 3 solution systems were mixed and stirred magnetically at room temperature for 2 h. And then placing the uniform system in a liner of a 100mL polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24h at 140 ℃ in a vacuum drying oven. And (3) carrying out suction filtration and collection on the hydrothermal reaction product, freezing the product into a solid in a refrigerator, and then placing the solid in a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 60 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃ below zero. Finally, it is subjected to a thermal reduction treatment in H2Heating to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the atmosphere of/Ar mixed gas, preserving heat for two hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposites obtained at 200 ℃. FIG. 2 shows that the prepared composite material has a complete structure, a flower shape and a large specific surface area.
As shown in FIG. 3, there are 3 sharp diffraction peaks at 26.6 °, 33.9 ° and 51.8 °, corresponding to SnO of standard card2Three crystal planes of (110), (101), and (211); in addition, the material has MXene diffraction peak at 9 degrees, rGO diffraction peak at 26.6 degrees, and SnO2The sharp overlap of (A) indicates that the MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite material is successfully prepared in the embodiment.
Example 4
Weighing 15mg of MXene supernatant nanosheets prepared in example 1, and ultrasonically dispersing the MXene supernatant nanosheets in 10mL of deionized water to obtain an MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution; weighing 0.2g of stannic chloride pentahydrate, dissolving in 30mL of deionized water, adding 0.18g of graphene oxide, performing magnetic stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a uniformly mixed solution, adding 0.2g of ammonium fluoride and 0.2g of urea into the mixed solution, and performing magnetic stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution; weighing 0.4g of sodium alginate, and slowly dripping 10mL of deionized water to ensure that the sodium alginate cannot be agglomerated together to obtain a sodium alginate water dispersion solution; the 3 solution systems were mixed and stirred magnetically at room temperature for 2 h. Then placing the uniform system in a liner of a 100mL polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettleAnd carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24 hours at 140 ℃ in a vacuum drying oven. And (3) carrying out suction filtration and collection on the hydrothermal reaction product, freezing the product into a solid in a refrigerator, and then placing the solid in a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 60 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃ below zero. Finally, it is subjected to a thermal reduction treatment in H2Heating to 220 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the atmosphere of/Ar mixed gas, preserving heat for two hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite.
Example 5
Preparing an annular sample from the MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite prepared in the example 3 and polyethylene wax according to the mass content of the sample of 70 wt%, specifically weighing the sample and the polyethylene wax according to the above proportion, and weighing the use amounts of the sample and the polyethylene wax by using an electronic balance; heating and melting polyethylene wax at 100 ℃ by a heating table, mixing the weighed sample with the polyethylene wax, and stirring for 3min to uniformly disperse the sample in polyethylene; when the temperature is reduced to room temperature, the mixture changes from a liquid state to a solid state; then grinding the mixture into fine powder, sieving and then repeatedly melting and grinding to ensure that the sample and the polyethylene wax are uniformly dispersed and mixed; then, the powder was placed in a special mold and pressed with an oil jack at a pressure of 1MPa for 30 seconds to prepare a circular sample (inner diameter: 3.04mm, outer diameter: 7mm, thickness: 2.0-3.0 mm). And finally, the annular sample is loaded into a clamp of an AV3618 network analyzer, electromagnetic parameters within the range of 2-18GHz of the electromagnetic wave frequency are measured by a coaxial method, and then the reflectivity of the sample under different coating thicknesses is simulated by Matlab.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the annular sample of this embodiment in the frequency range of 2-18GHz, with the real and imaginary values decreasing over the frequency range, showing typical frequency dissipation behavior; FIG. 5 is a graph showing the real and imaginary parts of the permeability of the annular sample of this example in the frequency range of 2-18GHz, with the real part varying between 0.2 and 1.3 and the imaginary part varying between-0.6 and 0.3; FIG. 6 is a graph of dielectric loss and magnetic loss of the annular sample of this embodiment in the frequency range of 2-18GHz, the loss mechanism of the sample being mainly dielectric loss; FIG. 7 is a graph of the reflectivity of the annular sample of this example obtained by simulating different thicknesses in the frequency range of 2-18GHz, wherein the minimum RL is-11.8 dB when the thickness is 1.5mm, and the effective absorption frequency bandwidth reaches 1.3 GHz.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nano composite material is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) stripping MAXe phase powder by a chemical method to obtain MXene nanosheets, and performing ultrasonic dispersion by using deionized water as a solvent to obtain MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution;
(2) sequentially adding graphene oxide, stannic chloride and pentahydrate into deionized water, stirring and mixing to obtain a water dispersion solution, and sequentially adding ammonium fluoride and urea to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) magnetically stirring and mixing the MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution obtained in the step (1), the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) and the sodium alginate water dispersion solution to obtain a mixed gel solution;
(4) carrying out hydrothermal treatment on the mixed gel solution, carrying out suction filtration and cooling, and then carrying out freeze drying treatment;
(5) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the freeze-dried product, and reducing the product in a reducing gas/inert gas mixed gas atmosphere to obtain the MXene/rGO/stannic oxide nanocomposite.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the MAX phase powder in the step (1) is titanium aluminum carbide with the particle size of 200 meshes and the purity of 99.99 percent; the concentration of the MXene nanosheet water dispersion solution is 0.1-1 mg/mL.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the MAX phase powder is chemically stripped in the step (1) according to the following steps: firstly, adding 2g of MAX phase powder into 50mL of 40 wt% hydrofluoric acid solution, magnetically stirring for 24h under the ambient condition at room temperature for etching, and centrifugally collecting an etching product after the etching is finished; dispersing the etching product in 150mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, introducing nitrogen for 1h, sealing, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 24h for intercalation; carrying out ultrasonic treatment on N, N-dimethylformamide dispersion liquid containing MXene nanosheets and accordion-shaped precipitates after intercalation for 4h in a nitrogen atmosphere and ice-water bath by using an ultrasonic cell crushing instrument, stripping and crushing; centrifuging to obtain a product after intercalation, adding deionized water, and performing ice bath ultrasound again; separating and screening out the bottom accordion-shaped precipitate and the upper clear liquid nanosheet by segmented centrifugation; and concentrating the obtained supernatant, freeze-drying, collecting freeze-dried products, and grinding to obtain the MXene nanosheets.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the stannic chloride pentahydrate is analytically pure AR 99%, the ammonium fluoride is analytically pure AR 96.0%, and the urea is analytically pure AR 99%; the concentrations of the graphene oxide, the stannic chloride-pentahydrate, the ammonium fluoride and the urea in the mixed solution are respectively 1-5 mg/mL.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the molecular weight of the sodium alginate in the step (3) is 4000-10000, and the concentration of the sodium alginate water dispersion solution is 5-10 mg/mL.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) when the MXene nanosheet aqueous dispersion solution in the step (3), the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) and the sodium alginate aqueous dispersion solution are magnetically stirred and mixed, the mass ratio of the MXene nanosheets, the graphene oxide, the tin source stannic chloride pentahydrate, the ammonium fluoride, the urea and the sodium alginate is 1.5: 18: 20: 20: 20: 40.
7. the method of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic stirring speed in the step (3) is 250-300rpm, and the stirring time is 2 h.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the step (4) is 100-180 ℃, and the treatment time is 12-36 h; performing suction filtration after the hydrothermal treatment is finished; the freeze drying treatment is to freeze the suction filtration product into solid in a refrigerator, and then the solid is placed in a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 12 to 72 hours;
the heat treatment in the step (5) is carried out at the temperature of 150 ℃ and 300 ℃ for 0.5-4 h; the reducing atmosphere comprises hydrogen, ammonia or methane, and the inert gas comprises nitrogen or argon.
9. An MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the MXene/rGO/tin dioxide nanocomposite according to claim 9 in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption.
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