CN113636540A - Sound absorption material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sound absorption material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sound absorption material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the sound absorption material comprises a graphene material; the graphene material is porous sponge-like; the porosity of the graphene material is more than 90%; the density of the graphene material is 0.2mg/cm3～10mg/cm3. The material has good wide-spectrum sound absorption and noise reduction performance (the absorption coefficient of 20 Hz-20000 Hz reaches 0.1-0.8), light weight and low specific gravity (0.2 mg/cm)3～10mg/cm3) The sound absorption effect is good, the practical range is wide, and the sound absorption device is applied in many occasions; meanwhile, the preparation method of the sound absorption material is simple and controllable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of inorganic materials, in particular to a sound absorption material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of economic society, noise pollution becomes one of three pollution sources in the world at present, and the noise pollution puzzles the life and work of people and seriously influences the physiology and psychology of human beings. With the continuous development of light-weight equipment and instruments, in order to control the harm of noise outward propagation, there is a more urgent need for novel sound-absorbing materials with light weight, low thickness and high performance.
The sound absorbing material is impedance matched to the acoustic properties of the surrounding sound-transmitting medium, so that sound energy enters the sound absorbing material without reflection and the incident sound energy is absorbed for the most part. A material that absorbs incident acoustic energy by its own porosity, membrane action or resonance action, one of the components of the ultrasound examination apparatus. The sound absorption material is mainly used for controlling and adjusting the reverberation time in a room and eliminating echoes so as to improve the listening and listening conditions in the room; the noise reduction device is used for reducing the noise of a noisy place so as to improve the living environment and the labor condition; and also widely used for reducing the noise of the ventilation air-conditioning pipeline.
The sound absorbing material classification and characteristics in the related art are as follows:
types of porous sound absorbing materials include: organic fiber materials, hemp cotton felt, inorganic fiber materials, glass wool, rock wool, mineral wool, urea formaldehyde foam, urethane foam and the like.
The following sound absorbing structures exist in the related art: conventional sound absorbing structures and special sound absorbing structures; the conventional sound absorption structure mainly comprises a perforated plate resonance sound absorption structure, a film sound absorption structure and a thin plate sound absorption structure; the special sound absorption structure mainly comprises a curtain and a space sound absorber.
The conventional sound absorbing structure is specifically as follows:
1. perforated plate resonance sound absorption structure: in the related art, perforated asbestos cement, perforated gypsum boards, perforated hard fiber boards, perforated plywood, perforated steel plates and perforated aluminum plates are used as the perforated plate resonance sound absorption structure; when the frequency of the human-radiated sound wave is close to the natural resonant frequency of the system, the vibration of the air in the system is strongest, and the sound absorption is largest. The perforated plate mainly absorbs middle and low frequency noise, has a sound absorption coefficient of about 0.6, and is suitable for being used as a sound absorption material in a middle frequency range. The raw materials for preparing the sound absorption structure are gypsum, metal plates and the like, and the sound absorption structure is high in material density and not beneficial to light weight of the sound absorption material.
2. The film sound absorption structure: in the related technology, materials such as leather, artificial leather and plastic films are adopted to prepare the film sound absorption structure, the materials have the characteristics of air impermeability, flexibility, elasticity when being tensioned and the like, the materials absorb incident sound energy near a resonance frequency, the resonance frequency is usually within the range of 200 Hz-1000 Hz, the maximum sound absorption coefficient is 0.3-0.4, and the materials are generally used as sound absorption materials in a medium-frequency range. However, the sound absorption and noise reduction material based on the plastic product has the problem of long-term aging due to the existence of the polymer material, and the sound absorption and noise reduction capability is gradually reduced along with the passage of time, which is not beneficial to long-term use.
3. The sheet sound absorbing structure: the periphery of the plywood, the hard fiber board, the gypsum board, the asbestos cement board and other boards is fixed on a frame, and the board and the closed air layer behind the board form a vibration system, the resonance frequency of the vibration system is more 80 Hz-300 Hz, the sound absorption coefficient of the vibration system is 0.2-0.5, and the vibration system is used as a low-frequency sound absorption structure.
The main factors determining the sound absorption performance of the sheet sound absorption structure are:
a. influence of sheet quality m. Increasing the weight per unit area of the panel generally shifts its resonant frequency to lower frequencies. And the selected material with small mass and air impermeability, such as leather, is favorable for the resonance frequency to move towards the high-frequency direction.
b. The thickness of the backside air layer. Changing the thickness of the air layer, as well as changing the mass of the plate, changes the resonant frequency. The air layer is filled with porous material, so that the sound absorption coefficient near the resonance frequency can be improved.
c. The influence of the structure of the keel behind the plate and the way the plate is mounted. The thin plate sound absorption structure has certain low-frequency sound absorption capacity and medium-high frequency sound absorption difference, so that the thin plate sound absorption structure has stronger reflection capacity at medium-high frequency. The dispersion of acoustic energy within the chamber can be increased. By changing the installation method of the keel structure, various reflecting surfaces, diffusing surfaces and sound absorption diffusing structures are designed.
However, the raw materials for preparing the thin plate sound absorption structure are gypsum, metal plates and the like, and the material density is high, so that the light weight of the sound absorption material is not facilitated.
The special sound absorption structure is as follows:
1. curtain: the curtain is prepared from a textile with ventilation performance, has the sound absorption characteristic of a porous material, and cannot play a good sound absorption effect when being used as a sound absorption material due to the fact that the material is thin. If it is used as curtain, it is installed at a certain distance from wall surface or window hole, just like the air layer is set up behind the porous material, so that it can have a certain sound-absorbing effect at medium-high frequency. When it is suspended at an odd multiple distance from the wall 1/4 wavelength, a high sound absorption at the corresponding frequency is obtained.
2. Spatial sound absorber: the sound absorption material is made into a cube of space such as: the plate shape, the spherical shape, the conical pyramid shape or the cylindrical shape enable the multi-surface to absorb sound waves, under the condition that the projection areas are the same, the effective sound absorption area and the edge effect are increased, in addition, the diffraction effect of the sound waves greatly improves the actual sound absorption effect, and the high-frequency sound absorption coefficient can reach 1.40.
The sound absorption spectrum for which the sound absorbing material of the related art is suitable is limited: the film sound absorption structure is suitable for being used in the range of 200 Hz-1000 Hz generally and is generally used as a sound absorption material in a medium frequency range; the sheet sound absorption structure is mostly 80 Hz-300 Hz and can be used as a low-frequency sound absorption structure; the perforated plate resonance sound absorption structure is suitable for medium frequency; the special sound absorption structure material needs to be designed and manufactured according to the environmental requirements. The above materials do not have a good sound absorption effect in each absorption spectrum.
Therefore, it is required to develop a sound-absorbing material which has a good sound-absorbing effect and a low density.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sound absorption material which has a good sound absorption effect and low density.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the sound absorption material.
The invention also provides application of the sound absorption material.
The invention provides a sound absorption material in a first aspect, which comprises a graphene material;
the graphene material is porous sponge-like;
the porosity of the graphene material is more than 90%;
the density of the graphene material is 0.2mg/cm3～10mg/cm3。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the graphene material has internal micropores that are interconnected.
According to the invention, a three-dimensional acoustic microstructure is constructed by taking high-performance graphene as a base material, and meanwhile, the sound absorption material is in a porous sponge structure, a large number of micropores and gaps exist in the sound absorption material, and the micropores are fine and are uniformly distributed in the sound absorption material. The internal micropores are mutually communicated and are opened outwards, so that sound waves can easily enter the micropores.
The sound absorption material is an acoustic material suitable for multiple occasions and wide audio frequency; the sound absorption and noise reduction performance is high and the stability is good.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the sound absorbing material, comprising the following steps:
s1, dispersing graphene oxide into a solvent to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
s2, carrying out solvothermal reaction on the graphene oxide dispersion liquid to obtain a reduced graphene gel material;
s3, carrying out supercritical drying on the reduced graphene gel material to obtain the sound absorbing material.
The prepared reduced graphene gel material has high porosity by utilizing the solvothermal high-temperature high-pressure reaction; meanwhile, the porosity of the graphene gel is kept under the supercritical drying condition.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the solvent is at least one of water or an organic solvent.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the organic solvent is at least one of a lower alcohol, N-dimethylformamide and acetone.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the lower alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and isopropanol.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concentration of graphene oxide in the graphene oxide dispersion is 0.2mg/mL to 1 mg/mL.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the solvothermal reaction is between 120 ℃ and 200 ℃; the solvothermal reaction time is 9-16 h.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water and alcohols.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the alcoholic solvent comprises at least one of ethanol and methanol.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the supercritical drying medium is carbon dioxide.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the supercritical drying is 20 ℃ to 40 ℃; the pressure of the supercritical drying is 5 MPa-33 MPa.
The ultra-low-density three-dimensional graphene sound-absorbing and sound-insulating high-performance material is prepared by a solvothermal preparation method.
The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above sound-absorbing material in the production of a sound-absorbing member.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the sound absorption material of the present invention has a porous sponge-like structure and has a high porosity (porosity)>90%) and lower density (0.2 mg/cm)3～10mg/cm3) The light weight of the sound absorption material is realized; meanwhile, the sound absorption material has good stability, and realizes long-term effective and stable use of the material; meanwhile, the material has good sound absorption effect and can play a role in sound absorption and noise reduction, and the absorption coefficient in the sound wave frequency range of 20Hz to 20000Hz reaches 0.1 to 0.8; the method is suitable for sound absorption and noise reduction of multiple occasions and wide frequency spectrum. The sound absorption material has heat conductivity and electric conductivity, and can promote the heat exchange between the thermoacoustic and the environment, thereby effectively converting the kinetic energy of sound into heat energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of a sound absorbing material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of a sound absorbing material obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of a sound absorbing material prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of a sound absorbing material obtained in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph of a sound absorbing material obtained in example 5 of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows the echo wall dissipative sound absorption principle of the three-dimensional structure in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the graphene oxide in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing graphite and concentrated sulfuric acid (mass fraction is 98%) in a ratio of 1 g: adding graphite and concentrated sulfuric acid into a reactor in an amount of 30 mL; after stirring for 30min, the mixture is stirred according to the dosage ratio of potassium permanganate to graphite of 3.5 g: 1g of potassium permanganate, adding the potassium permanganate into a reactor, reacting at 0 ℃ for 3 hours, and then reacting at 37 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain a mixture;
s2, transferring the mixture to an ice bath environment (0 ℃), and adding water to dilute the mixture to obtain a suspension;
and S3, adding a hydrogen peroxide solution (with the mass fraction of 5%) into the suspension until no bubbles exist, centrifugally separating until the pH of the supernatant is close to neutral, and drying to obtain the graphene oxide.
Example 1
The embodiment is a preparation method of a sound absorption material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing graphene oxide into the water solution to obtain a graphene oxide solution (0.5 mg/mL);
s2, adding the graphene oxide solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle (with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining and a stainless steel shell), reacting for 12 hours at 120 ℃, and cooling to room temperature (about 25 ℃) to obtain reduced graphene gel;
s3, drying the reduced graphene gel by using a supercritical carbon dioxide drying device to obtain the sound absorbing material, wherein the supercritical drying temperature is 31 ℃, and the pressure is 7.5 MPa.
The density of the sound absorbing material prepared in example 1 of the present invention was 1.5mg/cm3The porosity is 99 percent, and the conductivity is 0.01S/m; the SEM image of the sound absorbing material prepared in example 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the sound absorbing material prepared in this example is porous sponge-like.
Example 2
The embodiment is a preparation method of a sound absorption material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing graphene oxide into the water solution to obtain a graphene oxide solution (0.2 mg/mL);
s2, adding the graphene oxide solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle (with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining and a stainless steel shell), reacting for 12 hours at 120 ℃, and cooling to room temperature (about 25 ℃) to obtain reduced graphene gel;
s3, drying the reduced graphene gel by using a supercritical carbon dioxide drying device to obtain the sound absorbing material, wherein the supercritical drying temperature is 31 ℃, and the pressure is 7.5 MPa.
The density of the sound absorption material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is 0.2mg/cm3The porosity is 99.5%, and the conductivity is 0.01S/m; the SEM image of the sound absorbing material prepared in example 2 of the present invention is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the sound absorbing material prepared in this example is porous sponge-like.
Example 3
The embodiment is a preparation method of a sound absorption material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing graphene oxide into the water solution to obtain a graphene oxide solution (0.4 mg/mL);
s2, adding the graphene oxide solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle (with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining and a stainless steel shell), reacting for 12 hours at 120 ℃, and cooling to room temperature (about 25 ℃) to obtain reduced graphene gel;
s3, drying the reduced graphene gel by using a supercritical carbon dioxide drying device to obtain the sound absorbing material, wherein the supercritical drying temperature is 31 ℃, and the pressure is 7.5 MPa.
The density of the sound absorbing material prepared in example 3 of the present invention was 1mg/cm3The porosity is 99 percent, and the conductivity is 0.01S/m; the SEM image of the sound absorbent obtained in example 3 of the present invention is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the sound absorbent obtained in this example is porous sponge-like.
Example 4
The embodiment is a preparation method of a sound absorption material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing graphene oxide into the water solution to obtain a graphene oxide solution (0.7 mg/mL);
s2, adding the graphene oxide solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle (with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining and a stainless steel shell), reacting for 12 hours at 120 ℃, and cooling to room temperature (about 25 ℃) to obtain reduced graphene gel;
s3, drying the reduced graphene gel by using a supercritical carbon dioxide drying device to obtain the sound absorbing material, wherein the supercritical drying temperature is 31 ℃, and the pressure is 7.5 MPa.
The density of the sound absorbing material prepared in example 4 of the present invention was 2mg/cm3The porosity is 99.1%, and the conductivity is 0.01S/m; the SEM image of the sound absorbent obtained in example 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the sound absorbent obtained in this example is porous sponge-like.
Example 5
The embodiment is a preparation method of a sound absorption material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing graphene oxide into the water solution to obtain a graphene oxide solution (1.0 mg/mL);
s2, adding the graphene oxide solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle (with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining and a stainless steel shell), reacting for 12 hours at 120 ℃, and cooling to room temperature (about 25 ℃) to obtain reduced graphene gel;
and S3, drying the reduced graphene solution by using a supercritical carbon dioxide drying device to obtain the sound absorbing material, wherein the supercritical drying temperature is 31 ℃, and the pressure is 7.5 MPa.
The sound absorbing material prepared in example 5 of the present invention had a density of 5mg/cm3The porosity is 99 percent, and the conductivity is 0.01S/m; the SEM image of the sound absorbent obtained in example 5 of the present invention is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the sound absorbent obtained in this example is porous sponge-like.
The invention adopts the Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) of a standing wave tube method sound absorption coefficient tester sample, and tests by referring to GBJ 88-85 'standing wave tube method sound absorption coefficient and acoustic resistance porosity measurement specification'; a circular test specimen having a diameter of 150mm and a thickness of 21mm was used for testing the sound absorption coefficient.
The absorption coefficient of the sound wave frequency range of 20 Hz-20000 Hz in the embodiment 1 of the invention reaches 0.1-0.8.
In the embodiment 2 of the invention, the absorption coefficient in the sound wave frequency range of 20 Hz-20000 Hz reaches 0.1-0.8.
The echo wall dissipation sound absorption principle of the sound absorption material three-dimensional structure of the invention is shown in figure 6, wherein f in figure 6inThe frequency of the transmitted sound wave is f1, the frequency of the sound wave in the big hole is f2, and the frequency of the sound wave in the small hole is f 2; when sound is transmitted from air into the sound-absorbing material, the air in the pores and gaps is a medium for sound waves to propagate when the sound waves (f)in) When the light is vertically incident to the surface of the porous material, one part of the light is reflected by the surface of the material, and the other part of the light is transmitted to the interior of the material (namely f1 and f2) through a through hole communicated with the outside. The vibration of the sound waves entering the material causes the violent movement of the air in the through hole, so that the air rubs against the hole wall. Under the effect of friction and viscous force, partial sound energy is converted into heat energy, and the heat energy is transferred to the environment through the graphene material with high heat conductivity, so that the heat energy is dissipated, the purpose of sound wave attenuation is achieved through the action process, and the reflected sound energy is weakened to achieve the sound absorption effect. In addition, heat loss due to heat exchange between the air and the material and the walls of the pores also results in acoustic energyAnd (4) attenuation.
The sound absorption material of the present invention has a porous sponge-like structure and has a high porosity (porosity)>90%) and lower density (0.2 mg/cm)3～10mg/cm3) The light weight of the sound absorption material is realized; meanwhile, the sound absorption material has good stability, and realizes long-term effective and stable use of the material; meanwhile, the material has good sound absorption effect and can play a role in sound absorption and noise reduction, and the absorption coefficient in the sound wave frequency range of 20Hz to 20000Hz reaches 0.1 to 0.8; the method is suitable for sound absorption and noise reduction of multiple occasions and wide frequency spectrum. The sound absorption material has heat conductivity and electric conductivity, and can promote the heat exchange between the thermoacoustic and the environment, thereby effectively converting the kinetic energy of sound into heat energy.
In conclusion, the sound absorption material is designed and prepared, has good wide-spectrum sound absorption and noise reduction performance (the absorption coefficient of 20 Hz-20000 Hz reaches 0.1-0.8), light weight and low specific gravity (0.2 mg/cm)3～10mg/cm3) The sound absorption effect is good, the practical range is wide, and the sound absorption device is applied in many occasions; meanwhile, the preparation method of the sound absorption material is simple and controllable.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the description and the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A sound absorbing material characterized by: comprises a graphene material;
the graphene material is porous sponge-like;
the porosity of the graphene material is more than 90%;
the density of the graphene material is 0.2mg/cm3～10mg/cm3。
2. A method of making the sound absorbing material of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing graphene oxide into a solvent to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
s2, carrying out solvothermal reaction on the graphene oxide dispersion liquid to obtain reduced graphene;
and S3, carrying out supercritical drying on the reduced graphene to obtain the sound absorbing material.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the solvent is at least one of water or an organic solvent.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the organic solvent is at least one of lower alcohol, N-dimethylformamide and acetone.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the lower alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and isopropanol.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: the concentration of the graphene oxide in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid is 0.2 mg/mL-1 mg/mL.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein: the temperature of the solvothermal reaction is 120-200 ℃; the solvothermal reaction time is 9-16 h.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein: the supercritical drying medium is carbon dioxide.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein: the temperature of the supercritical drying is 20-40 ℃; the pressure of the supercritical drying is 5 MPa-33 MPa.
10. Use of the sound absorber of claim 1 for the production of sound-absorbing components.
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Application publication date: 20211112 |