CN113319255A - Production process of engine cylinder cover - Google Patents
Production process of engine cylinder cover Download PDFInfo
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- CN113319255A CN113319255A CN202110591814.7A CN202110591814A CN113319255A CN 113319255 A CN113319255 A CN 113319255A CN 202110591814 A CN202110591814 A CN 202110591814A CN 113319255 A CN113319255 A CN 113319255A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 209
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 111
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 101100441413 Caenorhabditis elegans cup-15 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
- B22D27/13—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure making use of gas pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/06—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing bubbles in a liquid pool
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of an engine cylinder cover, which relates to the technical field of engines and comprises the following steps: manufacturing a sand core; melting an aluminum alloy melt into aluminum liquid at the temperature of 700-750 ℃, and purifying; s3, assembling the casting mold, preheating to 220-250 ℃, blowing the cavity clean, and spraying paint; placing the sand core into the cavity for fixing; tilting the casting mold for 90-150 degrees, and pouring molten aluminum into a pouring cup; the casting mould is reversely tilted and reset to a horizontal state at a low speed, a high speed and a low speed, and the aluminum liquid flows into the cavity of the casting mould until the casting mould is completely filled; air extraction and cooling; taking out the sand core, and removing a dead head and burrs; and detecting the air tightness of the cylinder cover to obtain a finished product. The tilting type gravity casting method has the advantages that the tilting type gravity casting method is adopted for casting at first slow speed, then fast speed and then slow speed, gas and aluminum liquid oxide impurities in the cavity are favorably discharged from the riser, the mold filling is stable, the mold filling time and the mold filling speed of the aluminum liquid can be controlled, and the problem of secondary mold filling slagging is favorably solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engines, in particular to a production process of an engine cylinder cover.
Background
The cylinder head is one of the main components of an automotive engine, and is located in the upper portion of the engine block. The cylinder head has the functions of: (1) sealing the upper part of the cylinder body; (2) forming a combustion chamber (together with cylinder walls and piston crowns); (3) form part of the air inlet and exhaust system of the supply system, the cooling system and the lubrication system (cast with air inlet and exhaust channels, cooling water jacket or cooling fins, lubricating oil channels). Structurally, the cylinder cover belongs to a typical thin-wall complex part, a plurality of sand cores are arranged, the size precision is high, water channels, oil channels and air channels of the cylinder cover are required to be subjected to air tightness tests, leakage is not allowed to occur, and the defects of shrinkage porosity, air holes, cold shut and the like cannot occur in the cylinder cover.
Because the aluminum alloy engine cylinder cover belongs to thin-wall complex parts, the sand cores are various, and the requirement on the dimensional precision is high, so that the casting process has higher requirements: if the bottom pouring type is adopted, the metal liquid flow path is too long, the heat loss is serious, and the defects of cold shut, insufficient pouring and the like are easily generated; if the top pouring type is adopted, the pressure head is too high, the metal flow velocity is too fast, splashing is generated, and the metal liquid is seriously oxidized, so that the traditional top casting type and bottom casting type pouring processes can not meet the casting requirements of the cylinder cover, and a process suitable for pouring the engine cylinder cover needs to be researched.
In addition, an air inlet channel, an exhaust channel, an air inlet valve, an exhaust valve, a fuel injector and the like are arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder cover. The cylinder head bottom plate, the intake and exhaust valve, the exhaust passage, the oil injector and the like are in direct contact with high-temperature gas generated by combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber, and bear and transfer part of heat of the high-temperature gas; in addition, mechanical and thermal stresses make the head plate susceptible to fatigue deformation. The cylinder cover is provided with a cooling water cavity, heated parts are cooled by cooling water, the heat load of the parts is improved, and the reliable use of the parts is ensured. The poor assembling state between the oil sprayer sleeve and the cylinder cover can cause cooling water to permeate or directly leak to a combustion chamber. If the amount of cooling water penetrating into the combustion chamber is small, the cooling water can be combusted together with fuel, so that scale deposits appear on the wall surface of the combustion chamber, and heat transfer of heated parts is directly influenced, so that the heated parts are overheated and damaged; if the leakage is severe, the cooling water entering the combustion chamber may even cause a water hammer failure in the diesel engine and be severely damaged. The poor sealing of the sand removal process of the cylinder cover causes cooling water leakage, so that the water consumption is increased, and the completion of the locomotive application intersection is influenced as a serious result. Therefore, in the manufacturing process of the cylinder cover of the automobile, the detection of the air tightness plays an important role in the running safety of the whole automobile, and in view of the above, no matter whether the cylinder cover is a new cylinder cover or a repaired cylinder cover, an air tightness test must be carried out to confirm that the assembling state of the water cavity wall, the air inlet valve seat, the air outlet valve seat, the oil injector sleeve and the cylinder cover and the sealing state of the process plug are good, so that the cylinder cover is ensured to be in a good running state in a repair period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art and provides a production process of an engine cylinder cover.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a production process of an engine cylinder head comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a sand core;
s2, putting the aluminum alloy melt into a smelting furnace to be smelted into aluminum liquid, wherein the temperature in the smelting furnace is 700-750 ℃, and purifying the aluminum liquid;
s3, assembling the casting mold, preheating to 220-250 ℃, blowing the cavity clean, and spraying a coating; placing the sand core into the cavity and fixing;
s4, tilting the casting mold by 90-150 degrees, enabling an opening of a pouring basin of the casting mold to be upward, and pouring aluminum liquid into the pouring basin; the casting mould is reversely tilted and reset to a horizontal state at a low speed, a high speed and a low speed, and the molten aluminum flows into the cavity of the casting mould until the cavity is completely filled with the molten aluminum, so that casting molding is completed;
s5, exhausting air in the cavity of the casting mold, and cooling the casting mold until the casting is solidified to obtain a cylinder cover blank;
s6, taking out the sand core, removing a dead head and burrs on the cylinder cover blank, and performing rough machining and finish machining on the cylinder cover blank;
and S7, detecting the air tightness of the cylinder cover, and obtaining a finished product after the detection is qualified.
Preferably, the casting mold comprises a bottom mold, a side mold and an end mold, a mold cavity is formed among the bottom mold, the side mold and the end mold, a sprue cup is arranged at the top of the side mold, the opening of the sprue cup faces the side mold, cooling channels are arranged in the bottom mold, the side mold and the end mold, and cooling medium inlets and cooling medium outlets communicated with the cooling channels are arranged on the outer walls of the bottom mold, the side mold and the end mold; the casting mould still includes negative pressure air exhaust device, negative pressure air exhaust device includes blast pipe, air inlet bend and air feeder, the diameter of blast pipe is greater than the diameter of air inlet bend, the blast pipe sets up in the die block and the one end and the mould die cavity intercommunication of blast pipe, and the die block is stretched out to the other end, air feeder sets up at the casting mould outside, the one end and the air feeder of air inlet bend are connected, and the other end embedding sets up in the blast pipe, and the end of giving vent to anger of air inlet bend is held towards the end setting of giving vent to anger of blast pipe.
Preferably, still include with casting mould complex cooler bin, cooler bin upper end opening, set up the fixture block in the cooler bin, the die block bottom is provided with the draw-in groove, the casting mould can set up in the cooler bin through the cooperation of fixture block and draw-in groove, the cooler bin bottom is provided with the inlet tube, still be provided with the spray tube towards the die block direction on the inlet tube, the top and the die block bottom butt of spray tube are so that spray tube and the interior coolant import intercommunication of die block, and the open-top width of spray tube is greater than the width of coolant import, spray tube open-ended width is crescent from bottom to top, the spray tube is elastic material, be provided with the outlet pipe on the cooler bin lateral wall.
Preferably, in step S5, gas is introduced into the inlet elbow through the gas supply device, and flows out from the outlet end of the inlet elbow and enters the exhaust pipe, so that negative pressure is generated due to the fact that the pipe diameter of the inlet elbow is smaller than that of the exhaust pipe, and thus gas in the mold cavity communicated with the exhaust pipe can be extracted; cooling water is input into the cooling box through the water inlet pipe, and on one hand, the cooling water enters a cooling channel in the bottom die through the spray pipe, so that the interior of the bottom die can be cooled, and then the cooling water is discharged from the cooling medium outlet and flows into the cooling box; on the other hand, the cooling water fully stored in the cooling box can cool the outer walls of the bottom die, the side die and the end die, and can enter the cooling channels in the side die and the end die to cool the interior of the side die and the end die.
Preferably, still have the ejector pin hole that runs through its diapire on the die block, the downthehole ejector pin that is provided with the looks adaptation of ejector pin, the roof of ejector pin flushes with the diapire of die block, and the ejector pin can follow ejector pin hole upward movement and with the cylinder head jack-up in the mould die cavity under the effect of external force, the ejector pin hole includes from last first ejector pin hole, second ejector pin hole and the third ejector pin hole of connecting according to the preface down, and the width in first ejector pin hole is greater than the width in third ejector pin hole, the width in second ejector pin hole reduces from last to reducing gradually down.
Preferably, in the step S4, the casting mold is tilted reversely at a speed of 2 to 7 °/S, 8 to 15 °/S, and then 2 to 7 °/S to return to the horizontal state. More preferably, the casting mold is reversely tilted at a speed of 2 to 5 °/s, then 8 to 12 °/s, and then 2 to 4 °/s to return to the horizontal state, and more preferably, the casting mold is reversely tilted at a speed of 3 to 4 °/s, then 9 to 11 °/s, and then 2 to 3 °/s to return to the horizontal state;
preferably, in step S7, the airtightness of the cylinder head is detected by using an airtightness detecting device, where the airtightness detecting device includes:
a frame;
the detection table is arranged on the rack and used for placing a cylinder cover to be detected;
the pressing mechanism is arranged on the frame and can contact the cylinder cover and fix the cylinder cover on the detection table;
the detection mechanism is arranged on the rack and comprises a sealing mechanism and an inflation mechanism, the sealing mechanism comprises a driving device and a sealing block connected with the driving device, the sealing block corresponds to the position of a passage opening of an air passage and/or an oil passage and/or a water passage on the cylinder cover, the sealing block can move relative to the detection platform and can be close to the cylinder cover and seal the passage opening, the inflation mechanism is arranged on the sealing mechanism and comprises an air inlet pipe and an inflation opening, the inflation opening is arranged on the sealing block and communicated with the passage opening, one end of the air inlet pipe is connected with a gas compression device, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the inflation opening and can be used for inflating gas into the passage opening;
and the detection box is arranged on the frame, liquid is arranged in the detection box, and the detection box can move relative to the detection table to enable the cylinder cover to enter the detection box.
Preferably, the detection mechanism comprises a first detection mechanism, a second detection mechanism and a third detection mechanism, the first detection mechanism is arranged above the detection table, the second detection mechanism is arranged on two sides of the detection table, the third detection mechanism is arranged at the rear end part of the detection table, and the first detection mechanism, the second detection mechanism and the third detection mechanism respectively comprise a sealing mechanism and an inflation mechanism; the first detection mechanism comprises a first driving device and a moving plate connected with the first driving device, a first sealing block is arranged on the moving plate, the first sealing block is positioned above the cylinder cover and corresponds to the position of a channel opening at the top of the cylinder cover, the moving plate moves relative to the detection table under the driving of the first driving device to be close to the cylinder cover, and the first sealing block can seal the channel opening at the top of the cylinder cover under the driving of the moving plate; the first detection mechanism further comprises a first air inlet pipe and a first inflation inlet, the first inflation inlet is arranged on the first sealing block and is communicated with the channel opening in the top of the cylinder cover, one end of the first air inlet pipe is connected with the gas compression equipment, and the other end of the first air inlet pipe is communicated with the first inflation inlet and can be used for filling gas into the channel opening in the top of the cylinder cover; the second detection mechanism comprises a second driving device and second sealing blocks connected with the second driving device, the second sealing blocks are positioned on two sides of the cylinder cover and correspond to the position of the passage opening on the side end of the cylinder cover, and the second sealing blocks can move relative to the detection platform under the driving of the first driving device to be close to the cylinder cover and can close the passage opening on the side end of the cylinder cover; the second detection mechanism further comprises a second air inlet pipe and a second inflation inlet, the second inflation inlet is arranged on the second sealing block and is communicated with the channel opening at the side end of the cylinder cover, one end of the second air inlet pipe is connected with the gas compression equipment, and the other end of the second air inlet pipe is communicated with the second inflation inlet so as to be capable of inflating gas into the channel opening at the side end of the cylinder cover; the third detection mechanism comprises a third driving device and a third sealing block connected with the third driving device, the third sealing block is positioned at the rear end part of the cylinder cover and corresponds to the position of the passage opening at the rear end part of the cylinder cover, and the third sealing block can move relative to the detection platform under the driving of the first driving device to be close to the cylinder cover and can close the passage opening at the rear end part of the cylinder cover; the third detection mechanism further comprises a third air inlet pipe and a third inflation inlet, the third inflation inlet is formed in the third sealing block and communicated with the channel opening in the rear end portion of the cylinder cover, one end of the third air inlet pipe is connected with the gas compression device, and the other end of the third air inlet pipe is communicated with the third inflation inlet so that gas can be filled into the channel opening in the rear end portion of the cylinder cover.
Preferably, the compressing mechanism comprises a compressing driving mechanism, a compressing plate and a compressing column, the compressing plate is arranged above the cylinder cover, the compressing column is arranged on the compressing plate and above the cylinder cover, the compressing plate is connected with the compressing driving mechanism and can move towards the cylinder cover under the driving of the compressing driving mechanism, and the compressing column can contact and compress the cylinder cover under the driving of the compressing plate; and a fourth driving device is arranged below the detection box, and is connected with the detection box and can drive the detection box to move towards the detection table so that the cylinder cover can enter the detection box.
The method for detecting the air tightness of the cylinder head by using the air tightness detecting device in the step S7 specifically includes:
placing a cylinder cover to be detected on a detection table;
the pressing mechanism is started, the pressing plate moves towards the cylinder cover under the driving of the pressing driving mechanism, and the pressing column can contact and press the cylinder cover under the driving of the pressing plate so as to fix the cylinder cover on the detection table;
starting gas compression equipment, checking the exhaust conditions of an air inlet pipe and an inflation inlet, and if the exhaust is normal and not blocked, respectively starting a first detection mechanism, a second detection mechanism and a third detection mechanism to respectively detect an air passage, an oil passage and a water passage in a cylinder cover; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first driving device is started, the first driving device drives the moving plate to move relative to the cylinder cover, the first sealing block moves along with the moving plate to contact the top of the cylinder cover and seal a channel opening in the top of the cylinder cover, and gas is filled into the channel opening in the top of the cylinder cover through the first gas inlet pipe and the first gas filling opening and is kept for a period of time; filling liquid into the detection box, starting a fourth driving device, and driving the detection box to move towards the detection table by the fourth driving device so that the cylinder cover can be immersed into the liquid in the detection box; if the surface of the cylinder cover is provided with a leakage part, gas in the cylinder cover can overflow from the leakage part, bubbles can be generated in liquid of the detection box, and an operator can detect the air tightness of the channel by observing the generation of the bubbles through naked eyes;
opening a second driving device, driving a second sealing block to move relative to the cylinder cover by the second driving device, contacting two sides of the cylinder cover by the second sealing block, closing channel ports on two sides of the cylinder cover, filling gas into the channel ports on two sides of the cylinder cover through a second gas inlet pipe and a second gas filling port, and keeping for a period of time; the detection box moves relative to the detection platform to enable the cylinder cover to enter the detection box and be submerged in the liquid of the detection box; if the surface of the cylinder cover is provided with a leakage part, gas in the cylinder cover can overflow from the leakage part, bubbles can be generated in liquid of the detection box, and an operator can detect the air tightness of the channel by observing the generation of the bubbles through naked eyes;
opening a third driving device, driving a third sealing block to move relative to the cylinder cover by the third driving device, contacting two sides of the cylinder cover by the third sealing block, closing channel ports on two sides of the cylinder cover, filling gas into the channel port on the rear end surface of the cylinder cover through a third gas inlet pipe and a third gas filling port, and keeping for a period of time; the detection box moves relative to the detection platform to enable the cylinder cover to enter the detection box and be submerged in the liquid of the detection box; if the surface of the cylinder cover has a leakage part, gas in the cylinder cover can overflow from the leakage part, bubbles can be generated in liquid of the detection box, and an operator can detect the air tightness of the channel by observing the generation of the bubbles through naked eyes.
The invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the tilting gravity casting method to cast the cylinder cover, the aluminum liquid is cast and solidified in the cavity after being poured slowly, quickly and slowly in the mold filling process, which is beneficial to discharging gas and aluminum liquid oxide impurities in the cavity from a riser head, the tilting gravity casting method is adopted, the aluminum liquid is stably filled in the whole mold filling process, but also can control the mold filling time and the mold filling speed of the aluminum liquid, is favorable for reducing the problem of secondary mold filling slagging, has long flow path of the aluminum liquid which is filled firstly when the tilting casting is adopted, has quick temperature reduction, at the bottom of the casting mould, the temperature is low, the flow of the post-filling molten aluminum is short, the temperature reduction is slow, at the upper part of the casting mould, and the temperature is high, the molten aluminum with high temperature at the upper part of the casting mould can be quickly supplemented to the part with low temperature at the lower part of the casting mould, thus, a reasonable casting solidification temperature field is established, the solidification feeding of the casting is facilitated, and the process yield of the casting is improved.
The bottom die, the side die and the end die of the casting die are all provided with cooling channels, and the cooling box matched with the casting die is also arranged, so that water is fully stored in the cooling box, the water in the cooling box can cool the outer wall of the casting die, and the heat dissipation of the casting die is facilitated; meanwhile, water can enter cooling channels arranged in the bottom die, the side die and the end die to cool the interiors of the bottom die, the side die and the end die; the spray pipe is connected with the bottom of the bottom die in an abutting mode and communicated with the cooling medium inlet, and the spray pipe is made of elastic materials, so that the top end of the spray pipe is always connected with the bottom of the bottom die in an abutting mode, water can enter the cooling channel through the cooling medium inlet as much as possible and is discharged from the outlet, and the cooling of the casting die is facilitated; the cooling device provided by the invention can improve the solidification speed of the casting, improve the production efficiency and contribute to improving the compactness of the grain structure in the casting.
The casting mould is also provided with the negative pressure air extraction device, so that air in the mould can be extracted in time through the negative pressure air extraction device, the air can be exhausted smoothly, and the defects of shrinkage cavities, air holes, cracks and the like of a cylinder cover casting can be effectively reduced.
The cylinder cover air tightness detection device can detect the air tightness of the water channel, the air channel and the oil channel in the cylinder cover, and does not need to replace detection equipment or move the position of the cylinder cover when the air channel and the oil channel are detected after the water channel is detected, so that the detection time can be saved; the invention can also simultaneously detect the air tightness of the water channel, the air passage and the oil channel in the cylinder cover, and has high detection efficiency. Meanwhile, the invention has high detection accuracy and convenient and simple detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural view of a casting mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first schematic structural view of a casting mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the casting mold and cooling box of the present invention in combination;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder head airtightness detection apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder head airtightness detection apparatus according to the present invention, including a cylinder head;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of the cylinder head airtightness detection apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a portion of the pressing device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a part of the detecting device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a second schematic view of a part of the detecting device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a third schematic view of a part of the detecting device of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a first seal block according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the internal structure of FIG. 11;
reference numerals:
11. bottom die; 12. side mould; 13. end die; 14. a mold cavity; 15. a pouring cup; 16. a jack rod hole; 161. a first ejector pin hole; 162. a second ejector pin hole; 163. a third ejector pin hole; 18. a card slot;
21. a cooling channel; 22. a cooling medium inlet;
31. an exhaust pipe; 32. an air inlet bent pipe; 33. a gas supply device;
41. a cooling tank; 42. a water inlet pipe; 43. a nozzle; 44. a clamping block; 45. a spray head; 46. a water outlet pipe;
5. an air tightness detection device; 51. a frame; 52. a detection table; 521. positioning a plate; 53. a hold-down mechanism; 531. a pressing drive mechanism; 532. a compression plate; 533. a compression post; 5411. a first driving device; 5412. moving the plate; 5413. a first seal block; 5414. a first intake pipe; 5415. a first inflation port; 5416. an air intake passage; 5421. a second driving device; 5422. a second seal block; 5423. a second intake pipe; 5424. a second inflation port; 5431. a third driving device; 5432. a third seal block; 5433. a third intake pipe; 5434. a third inflation port; 55. a detection box; 551. a fourth drive device;
6. a cylinder head; 60. a passage port.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The embodiment provides a production process of an engine cylinder head, which comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing sand cores, wherein the sand cores comprise an oil duct sand core, an air flue sand core and a riser sand core;
s2, putting the aluminum alloy melt into a smelting furnace to be smelted into aluminum liquid, wherein the temperature in the smelting furnace is 700-750 ℃, and purifying the aluminum liquid;
s3, assembling the casting mold, preheating the casting mold to 220-250 ℃, blowing off the cavity, and spraying paint; placing the sand core into the cavity and fixing;
specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the casting mold in this embodiment includes a bottom mold 11, a side mold 12 and an end mold 13, a mold cavity 14 and a cap are formed between the bottom mold 11, the side mold 12 and the end mold 13, a sprue cup 15 is disposed at the top of the side mold 12, an opening of the sprue cup 15 faces the side mold 12, cooling channels 21 are disposed inside the bottom mold 11, the side mold 12 and the end mold 13, and cooling medium inlets 22 and cooling medium outlets communicated with the cooling channels 21 are disposed on outer walls of the bottom mold 11, the side mold 12 and the end mold 13;
the casting mold further comprises a negative pressure air extraction device, the negative pressure air extraction device comprises an exhaust pipe 31, an air inlet bent pipe 32 and an air supply device 33, the diameter of the exhaust pipe 31 is larger than that of the air inlet bent pipe 32, the exhaust pipe 31 is arranged in the bottom mold 11, one end of the exhaust pipe 31 is communicated with the mold cavity 14, the other end of the exhaust pipe 31 extends out of the bottom mold 11, the air supply device 33 is arranged outside the casting mold, one end of the air inlet bent pipe 32 is connected with the air supply device 33, the other end of the air inlet bent pipe 32 is embedded in the exhaust pipe 31, and the air outlet end of the air inlet bent pipe 32 faces the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe 31;
still have the ejector pin hole 16 that runs through its diapire on the die block 11, be provided with the ejector pin of looks adaptation in the ejector pin hole 16, the roof of ejector pin flushes with the diapire of die block 11, and the ejector pin can follow ejector pin hole 16 upward movement and with the cylinder head jack-up in the mould die cavity 14 under the effect of external force, the ejector pin can follow ejector pin hole upward movement and with the cylinder head jack-up in the mould die cavity under the effect of external force to treat after solidifying and forming the cylinder head, through devices such as motor with ejector pin hole jack-up, be convenient for the manipulator snatch and take off the cylinder head that makes. The ejector pin hole 16 includes from last first ejector pin hole 161, second ejector pin hole 162 and the third ejector pin hole 163 of connecting according to the preface extremely down, and the width in first ejector pin hole 161 is greater than the width in third ejector pin hole 163, the width in second ejector pin hole 162 is from last to reducing gradually extremely down, is favorable to reducing the disintegrating slag etc. and falls into the downthehole width of ejector pin
Still include with casting mould complex cooler bin 41, cooler bin 41 upper end opening, set up fixture block 44 in the cooler bin 41, die block 11 bottom is provided with draw-in groove 18, the casting mould can set up in cooler bin 41 through the cooperation of fixture block 44 and draw-in groove 18, cooler bin 41 bottom is provided with inlet tube 42, still be provided with spray tube 43 and shower nozzle 45 towards die block 11 direction on the inlet tube 42, spray tube 43's top and 11 bottom abutments of die block so that spray tube 43 and 11 interior coolant inlet 22 intercommunication of die block, and spray tube 43's open-top width is greater than coolant inlet 22's width, spray tube 43 open-ended width is from bottom to top crescent, spray tube 43 is elastic material, be provided with outlet pipe 46 on the cooler bin 41 lateral wall.
S4, tilting the casting mold by 90-150 degrees, enabling the opening of a pouring basin 15 of the casting mold to be upward, and pouring aluminum liquid into the pouring basin 15; the casting mould is reversely tilted and reset to a horizontal state at a low speed, a high speed and a low speed, and the molten aluminum flows into the cavity of the casting mould until the cavity is completely filled with the molten aluminum, so that casting molding is completed;
in the embodiment, the casting mold is reversely tilted and reset to the speed of the horizontal state at the speed of 2-7 DEG/s, 8-15 DEG/s and 2-7 DEG/s, specifically, the casting mold is reversely tilted and reset to the speed of the horizontal state at the speed of 2-5 DEG/s, 8-12 DEG/s and 2-4 DEG/s, more specifically, the casting mold is reversely tilted and reset to the speed of the horizontal state at the speed of 3-4 DEG/s, 9-11 DEG/s and 3-4 DEG/s;
s5, exhausting air in the cavity of the casting mold, and cooling the casting mold until the casting is solidified to obtain a cylinder cover blank 6;
specifically, gas is introduced into the gas inlet elbow 32 through the gas supply device 33, the gas flows out from the outlet end of the gas inlet elbow 32 and enters the gas outlet pipe 31, and negative pressure is generated due to the fact that the pipe diameter of the gas inlet elbow 32 is smaller than that of the gas outlet pipe 31, so that the gas in the mold cavity 14 communicated with the gas outlet pipe 31 can be extracted;
cooling water is fed into the cooling tank 41 through the water inlet pipe 42, enters the cooling channel 21 in the bottom mold 11 through the spray pipe 43 on one hand, so that the interior of the bottom mold 11 can be cooled, and is discharged from the cooling medium outlet to flow into the cooling tank 41; cooling the bottom die 11 through the spray head 45; on the other hand, the cooling water stored in the cooling tank 41 can cool the outer walls of the bottom mold 11, the side molds 12, and the end molds 13, and can enter the cooling passages 21 in the side molds 12 and the end molds 13 to cool the insides of the side molds 12 and the end molds 13 until the castings are solidified to obtain the cylinder head blank 6.
S6, taking out the sand core, removing a dead head and burrs on the cylinder cover blank, and performing rough machining and finish machining on the cylinder cover blank;
and S7, detecting the air tightness of the cylinder cover, and obtaining a finished product after the detection is qualified.
The specific structure of the cylinder head 6 is as follows, the cylinder head 6 has a water passage inside and passage ports 60 provided at both ends of the water passage; also has an air passage and passage ports 60 provided at both ends of the air passage; and an oil passage and passage openings 60 provided at both ends of the oil passage, so that the cylinder head 6 has a plurality of passage openings 60, and the passage openings 60 are distributed at the top, the side ends, and both end surfaces of the cylinder head 6. The structure of the cylinder head 6 is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the air tightness detection device 5 is used to detect the air tightness of the water channel, air channel and oil channel inside the cylinder head, as shown in fig. 3 to 12, the air tightness detection device 5 includes a frame 51, a detection table 52, a pressing mechanism 53, a detection mechanism and a detection box 55
The detection table 52 is arranged on the frame 51, and the detection table 52 is used for placing the cylinder cover 6 to be detected; in the embodiment, the detection table 52 is horizontally arranged, and when detecting, the detection table 52 is used for placing the cylinder head 6 to be detected, it can be understood that the detection table 52 is used for placing the cylinder head 6, the detection table 52 is adapted to the bottom surface of the cylinder head 6, so that the cylinder head 6 is placed on the detection table 52 and can be fixed, and the cylinder head 6 on the detection table 52 can be manually replaced by an operator after the detection is completed.
In this embodiment, the detection table 52 is further provided with a positioning plate 521, the cylinder head 6 is placed on the positioning plate 521, and the cylinder head 6 can be placed at a suitable detection position through the positioning function of the positioning plate 521; and the position of the positioning plate 521 can be adjusted, specifically, the positioning plate 521 is mounted on the inspection table 52 by bolts.
A pressing mechanism 53 is provided on the frame 51, and the pressing mechanism 53 can contact the cylinder head 6 and fix the cylinder head 6 on the detection table 52 to prevent the position of the cylinder head 6 from moving at the time of detection.
In this embodiment, the pressing mechanism 53 includes a pressing driving mechanism 531, a pressing plate 532, and a pressing column 533, the pressing plate 532 is disposed above the cylinder head 6, the pressing column 533 is disposed on the pressing plate 532 and above the cylinder head 6, the pressing plate 532 is connected to the pressing driving mechanism 31 and can move toward the cylinder head 6 under the driving of the pressing driving mechanism 531, and the pressing column 533 can contact and press the cylinder head 6 under the driving of the pressing plate 532; specifically, the number of the hold-down columns 533 is an even number, and the hold-down columns are symmetrically disposed around the hold-down plate 532, so that the periphery of the cylinder head 6 can be fixed. It should be noted that the position of the pressing column 533 does not correspond to the position of the passage opening 60 of the water supply passage, the air passage and the oil passage of the cylinder head 6.
The detection box 55 is disposed on the frame 51, and a liquid is disposed in the detection box 55, specifically, the liquid may be water, in this embodiment, the detection box 55 is located below the detection table 52, and in other embodiments, the detection box 55 may also be located at two sides or front and rear ends of the detection table 52. A fourth driving device 551 is provided below the detection box 55, and the fourth driving device 551 is connected to the detection box 55 and can drive the detection box 55 to move toward the detection table 52 so that the cylinder head 6 can enter the detection box 55 and be completely immersed in the liquid in the detection box 55.
The detection mechanism is arranged on the frame 51 and comprises a sealing mechanism and an inflation mechanism, the sealing mechanism comprises a driving device and a sealing block connected with the driving device, and the sealing block is connected with an upper air passage and an oil passage of the cylinder cover 6; the position of the channel port 60 corresponds to that of the channel, the sealing block can move relative to the detection table 52 and can approach the cylinder cover 6 and close the channel port 60, the inflation mechanism is arranged on the sealing mechanism and comprises an air inlet pipe and an inflation port, the inflation port is arranged on the sealing block and communicated with the channel port 60, one end of the air inlet pipe is connected with a gas compression device, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the inflation port so as to be capable of inflating the channel port 60 with gas;
the detection mechanism comprises a first detection mechanism, a second detection mechanism and a third detection mechanism, the first detection mechanism is arranged above the detection table 52, the second detection mechanism is arranged on two sides of the detection table 52, the third detection mechanism is arranged at the rear end part of the detection table, and the first detection mechanism, the second detection mechanism and the third detection mechanism respectively comprise a sealing mechanism and an inflation mechanism;
the first detection mechanism comprises a first driving device 5411 and a moving plate 5412 connected with the first driving device 5411, wherein a first sealing block 5413 is arranged on the moving plate 5412, the first sealing block 5413 is positioned above the cylinder cover 6 and corresponds to the position of the channel opening 60 at the top of the cylinder cover 6, and the number of the first sealing blocks 5413 is the same as that of the channel openings 60 at the top of the cylinder cover 6. The moving plate 5412 is driven by the first driving device 5411 to move relative to the detection table 52 to approach the cylinder head 6, and the first sealing block 5413 can close the channel opening 60 at the top of the cylinder head 6 under the driving of the moving plate 5412; the first detection mechanism further comprises a first air inlet pipe 5414 and a first air charging port 5415, the first air charging port 5415 is arranged on the first sealing block 5413 and is communicated with the channel port 60 in the top of the cylinder cover 6, one end of the first air inlet pipe 5414 is connected with a gas compression device, the other end of the first air inlet pipe 5414 is communicated with the first air charging port 5415 and can charge gas into the channel port 60 in the top of the cylinder cover 6, therefore, the gas can be introduced into the air inlet channel 5416 in the first sealing block 5413 through the first air inlet pipe 5414, and the gas enters the cylinder cover 6 through the first air charging port 5415 and the channel port 60 in the top of the cylinder cover 6 and is kept for a certain time. If there is a leakage portion on the surface of the cylinder head 6, the gas inside the cylinder head 6 may overflow from the leakage portion, and the operator may detect the airtightness of the passage by visually observing the generation of bubbles.
The second detection mechanism comprises a second driving device 421 and a second sealing block 5422 connected with the second driving device 421, the second sealing block 5422 is positioned at two sides of the cylinder cover 6 and corresponds to the position of the passage opening 60 at the side end of the cylinder cover 6, the second sealing block 5422 can move relative to the detection platform 52 to be close to the cylinder cover 6 under the driving of the first driving device 5421, and can close the passage opening 60 at the side end of the cylinder cover 6; the second detection mechanism further comprises a second air inlet pipe 5423 and a second air charging port 5424, the second air charging port 5424 is arranged on the second sealing block 5422 and is communicated with the channel port 60 at the side end of the cylinder cover 6, one end of the second air inlet pipe 5423 is connected with a gas compression device, and the other end of the second air inlet pipe 5423 is communicated with the second air charging port 5424 so as to be capable of charging air into the channel port 60 at the side end of the cylinder cover 6; it is worth mentioning that a gas channel communicated with the second inflation port 5424 is arranged inside the second sealing block 5422, one end of the second gas inlet pipe 5423 is connected with a gas compression device, the other end of the second gas inlet pipe 5423 is communicated with the gas channel inside the second sealing block 5422, so that gas in the second gas inlet pipe 5423 can pass through the gas channel inside the second sealing block 5422 and the second inflation port 5424 to enter the cylinder cover 6, if a leakage part exists on the surface of the cylinder cover 6, the gas inside the cylinder cover 6 can overflow from the leakage part, an operator can observe the generation of bubbles through naked eyes, and the air tightness of the channel can be detected.
The third detection mechanism comprises a third driving device 5431 and a third sealing block 5432 connected with the third driving device 5431, the third sealing block 5432 is positioned at the rear end part of the cylinder cover 6 and corresponds to the position of the passage opening 60 at the rear end part of the cylinder cover 6, the third sealing block 5432 can move relative to the detection platform 2 to be close to the cylinder cover 6 under the driving of the first driving device 5431, and can close the passage opening 60 at the rear end part of the cylinder cover 6; the third detection mechanism further comprises a third air inlet pipe 5433 and a third inflation port 5434, the third inflation port 5434 is arranged on the third sealing block 5432 and is communicated with the channel port 60 at the rear end of the cylinder cover 6, one end of the third air inlet pipe 5433 is connected with a gas compression device, and the other end of the third air inlet pipe 5434 is communicated with the third inflation port 5434 and can be used for inflating gas into the channel port 60 at the rear end of the cylinder cover 6. It is worth mentioning that a gas channel communicated with the third inflation port 5434 is arranged inside the third sealing block 5432, one end of the third gas inlet pipe 5433 is connected with a gas compression device, and the other end of the third gas inlet pipe 5433 is communicated with the gas channel inside the third sealing block 5432, so that gas in the third gas inlet pipe 5433 can enter the cylinder head 6 through the gas channel inside the third sealing block 5432 and the third inflation port 5434, if a leakage part exists on the surface of the cylinder head 6, the gas in the cylinder head 6 can overflow from the leakage part, and an operator can detect the generation of bubbles through naked eyes, and the gas tightness of the channel can be detected.
The method for detecting the air tightness of the cylinder cover by adopting the device specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the cylinder head 6 to be inspected on the inspection table 52;
the pressing mechanism 53 is started, and the pressing mechanism 53 moves relative to the cylinder cover 6 so as to fix the cylinder cover 6 on the detection table 52; specifically, the pressing plate 532 moves towards the cylinder head 6 under the driving of the pressing driving mechanism 531, and the pressing column 533 can contact and press the cylinder head 6 under the driving of the pressing plate 532, so as to fix the cylinder head 6 on the detection table 52;
starting the gas compression equipment, checking the exhaust conditions of the gas inlet pipe and the gas charging port, and if the exhaust is normal and not blocked, respectively starting the first detection mechanism, the second detection mechanism and the third detection mechanism to respectively detect the gas passage, the oil passage and the water passage in the cylinder cover 6; the method specifically comprises the following steps: starting the first driving device 5411, driving the moving plate 5412 to move relative to the cylinder head 6 by the first driving device 5411, moving the first sealing block 5413 along with the moving plate 5412 to contact the top of the cylinder head 6 and close the channel opening 60 at the top of the cylinder head 6, and filling gas into the channel opening 60 at the top of the cylinder head 6 through the first gas inlet pipe 414 and the first gas filling port 5415 and keeping for a period of time;
filling liquid into the detection box 55, moving the detection box 55 relative to the detection table 52 to enable the cylinder head 6 to enter the detection box 55 and sink into the liquid in the detection box 55, specifically, turning on a fourth driving device 551, and driving the detection box 55 to move towards the detection table 52 by the fourth driving device 551 to enable the cylinder head 6 to sink into the liquid in the detection box 55;
if there is a leak on the surface of the cylinder head 6, the gas inside the cylinder head 6 overflows from the leak portion, bubbles are generated in the liquid in the detection box 55, and the operator can detect the airtightness of the passage by visually observing the generation of the bubbles.
Similarly, the above process is repeated, the second driving device 5421 is started, the second driving device 5421 drives the second sealing block 5422 to move relative to the cylinder head 6, the second sealing block 5422 contacts two sides of the cylinder head 6 and closes the passage openings 60 on two sides of the cylinder head 6, and gas is filled into the passage openings 60 on two sides of the cylinder head 6 through the second gas inlet pipe 5423 and the second gas filling port 5424 and is kept for a period of time; the detection box 55 moves relative to the detection table 52, so that the cylinder head 6 enters the detection box 55 and is immersed in the liquid in the detection box 55; if there is a leak on the surface of the cylinder head 6, the gas inside the cylinder head 6 overflows from the leak portion, bubbles are generated in the liquid in the detection box 55, and the operator can detect the airtightness of the passage by visually observing the generation of the bubbles.
Similarly, the above process is repeated, the third driving device 5431 is started, the third driving device 5431 drives the third sealing block 5432 to move relative to the cylinder head 6, the third sealing block 5432 contacts two sides of the cylinder head 6 and closes the channel openings 60 on two sides of the cylinder head 6, and gas is filled into the channel openings 60 on the rear end surface of the cylinder head 6 through the third gas inlet pipe 5433 and the third gas filling port 5434 and is kept for a period of time; the detection box 55 moves relative to the detection table 52, so that the cylinder head 6 enters the detection box 55 and is immersed in the liquid in the detection box 55; if there is a leak on the surface of the cylinder head 6, the gas inside the cylinder head 6 overflows from the leak portion, bubbles are generated in the liquid in the detection box 55, and the operator can detect the airtightness of the passage by visually observing the generation of the bubbles.
The above are merely characteristic embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. All technical solutions formed by equivalent exchanges or equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The production process of the engine cylinder cover is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, manufacturing a sand core;
s2, putting the aluminum alloy melt into a smelting furnace to be smelted into aluminum liquid, wherein the temperature in the smelting furnace is 700-750 ℃, and purifying the aluminum liquid;
s3, assembling the casting mold, preheating to 220-250 ℃, blowing the cavity clean, and spraying a coating; placing the sand core into the cavity and fixing;
s4, tilting the casting mold by 90-150 degrees, enabling an opening of a pouring basin of the casting mold to be upward, and pouring aluminum liquid into the pouring basin; the casting mould is reversely tilted and reset to a horizontal state at a low speed, a high speed and a low speed, and the molten aluminum flows into the cavity of the casting mould until the cavity is completely filled with the molten aluminum, so that casting molding is completed;
s5, exhausting air in the cavity of the casting mold, and cooling the casting mold until the casting is solidified to obtain a cylinder cover blank;
s6, taking out the sand core, removing a dead head and burrs on the cylinder cover blank, and performing rough machining and finish machining on the cylinder cover blank;
and S7, detecting the air tightness of the cylinder cover, and obtaining a finished product after the detection is qualified.
2. The process for producing a cylinder head of an engine according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the casting mold is tilted back to the horizontal position in a reverse direction at a speed of 2 to 7 °/S, 8 to 15 °/S, and 2 to 7 °/S.
3. The production process of the engine cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that the casting mold comprises a bottom mold (11), a side mold (12) and an end mold (13), a mold cavity (14) is formed among the bottom mold (11), the side mold (12) and the end mold (13), a sprue cup (15) is arranged at the top of the side mold (12), the opening of the sprue cup (15) faces the side mold (12), cooling channels (21) are arranged inside the bottom mold (11), the side mold (12) and the end mold (13), and cooling medium inlets (22) and cooling medium outlets communicated with the cooling channels (21) are arranged on the outer walls of the bottom mold (11), the side mold (12) and the end mold (13);
casting mould still includes negative pressure air exhaust device, negative pressure air exhaust device includes blast pipe (31), air intake return bend (32) and air feeder (33), the diameter of blast pipe (31) is greater than the diameter of air intake return bend (32), blast pipe (31) set up in die block (11) and the one end and the mould die cavity (14) intercommunication of blast pipe (31), and die block (11) are stretched out to the other end, air feeder (33) set up in casting mould outside, the one end and the air feeder (33) of air intake return bend (32) are connected, and the other end embedding sets up in blast pipe (31), and the end setting of giving vent to anger of the end orientation blast pipe (31) of giving vent to anger of air intake return bend (32).
4. The production process of the engine cylinder head according to claim 3, further comprising a cooling box (41) matched with the casting mold, wherein the upper end of the cooling box (41) is open, a clamping block (44) is arranged in the cooling box (41), a clamping groove (18) is arranged at the bottom of the bottom mold (11), the casting mold can be arranged in the cooling box (41) through the matching of the clamping block (44) and the clamping groove (18), a water inlet pipe (42) is arranged at the bottom of the cooling box (41), a spray pipe (43) facing the direction of the bottom mold (11) is further arranged on the water inlet pipe (42), the top end of the spray pipe (43) is abutted against the bottom of the bottom mold (11) so that the spray pipe (43) is communicated with the cooling medium inlet (22) in the bottom mold (11), and the width of the top end opening of the spray pipe (43) is greater than the width of the cooling medium inlet (22), the width of the opening of the spray pipe (43) is gradually increased from the bottom end to the top end, the spray pipe (43) is made of elastic materials, and a water outlet pipe (46) is arranged on the side wall of the cooling box (41).
5. The production process of an engine cylinder head according to claim 3, wherein in step S5, gas is introduced into the intake elbow (32) through the gas supply device (33), the gas flows out from the outlet end of the intake elbow (32) and enters the exhaust pipe (31), and negative pressure is generated due to the fact that the pipe diameter of the intake elbow (32) is smaller than that of the exhaust pipe (31), so that the gas in the mold cavity (14) communicated with the exhaust pipe (31) can be extracted; cooling water is input into the cooling tank (41) through a water inlet pipe (42), and on one hand, the cooling water enters a cooling channel (21) in the bottom die (11) through a spray pipe (43), so that the interior of the bottom die (11) can be cooled, and then the cooling water is discharged from a cooling medium outlet and flows into the cooling tank (41); on the other hand, the cooling water stored in the cooling tank (41) can cool the outer walls of the bottom die (11), the side die (12) and the end die (13), and can enter the cooling channel (21) in the side die (12) and the end die (13) to cool the interior of the side die (12) and the end die (13).
6. The production process of the engine cylinder head according to claim 3, characterized in that the bottom mold (11) is further provided with a top rod hole (16) penetrating through the bottom wall thereof, an adaptive top rod is arranged in the top rod hole (16), the top wall of the top rod is flush with the bottom wall of the bottom mold (11), the top rod can move upwards along the top rod hole (16) under the action of external force to jack up the cylinder head in the mold cavity (14), the top rod hole (16) comprises a first top rod hole (161), a second top rod hole (162) and a third top rod hole (163) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the width of the first top rod hole (161) is greater than that of the third top rod hole (163), and the width of the second top rod hole (162) is gradually reduced from top to bottom.
7. The production process of an engine cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S7, the airtightness of the cylinder head is detected by using an airtightness detection device (5), and the airtightness detection device (5) comprises:
a frame (51);
the detection table (52) is arranged on the frame (51), and the detection table (52) is used for placing a cylinder cover (6) to be detected;
a pressing mechanism (53) provided on the frame (51), the pressing mechanism (53) being capable of contacting the cylinder head (6) and fixing the cylinder head (6) on the inspection table (52);
the detection mechanism is arranged on the rack (51), the detection mechanism comprises a sealing mechanism and an inflation mechanism, the sealing mechanism comprises a driving device and a sealing block connected with the driving device, the sealing block corresponds to the position of a passage opening (60) of an upper air passage and/or an oil passage and/or a water passage of the cylinder cover (6), the sealing block can move relative to the detection table (52) to be close to the cylinder cover (6) and seal the passage opening (60), the inflation mechanism is arranged on the sealing mechanism, the inflation mechanism comprises an air inlet pipe and an inflation opening, the inflation opening is arranged on the sealing block and communicated with the passage opening (60), one end of the air inlet pipe is connected with a gas compression device, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the inflation opening to be capable of inflating gas into the passage opening (60);
and a detection box (55) which is arranged on the frame (51), wherein liquid is arranged in the detection box (55), and the detection box (55) can move relative to the detection table (52) to enable the cylinder cover (6) to enter the detection box (55).
8. The production process of an engine cylinder head according to claim 7, characterized in that the detection mechanism comprises a first detection mechanism, a second detection mechanism and a third detection mechanism, the first detection mechanism is arranged above the detection table (52), the second detection mechanism is arranged on two sides of the detection table (52), the third detection mechanism is arranged at the rear end part of the detection table, and the first detection mechanism, the second detection mechanism and the third detection mechanism all comprise a sealing mechanism and an inflation mechanism; the first detection mechanism comprises a first driving device (5411) and a moving plate (5412) connected with the first driving device (5411), a first sealing block (5413) is arranged on the moving plate (5412), the first sealing block (5413) is positioned above the cylinder cover (6) and corresponds to the position of a channel opening (60) in the top of the cylinder cover (6), the moving plate (5412) moves relative to the detection table (52) to be close to the cylinder cover (6) under the driving of the first driving device (5411), and the first sealing block (5413) can close the channel opening (60) in the top of the cylinder cover (6) under the driving of the moving plate (5412); the first detection mechanism further comprises a first air inlet pipe (5414) and a first inflation port (5415), the first inflation port (5415) is arranged on the first sealing block (5413) and communicated with the channel port (60) in the top of the cylinder cover (6), one end of the first air inlet pipe (5414) is connected with a gas compression device, and the other end of the first air inlet pipe is communicated with the first inflation port (5415) so as to be capable of filling gas into the channel port (60) in the top of the cylinder cover (6); the second detection mechanism comprises a second driving device (421) and second sealing blocks (5422) connected with the second driving device (421), the second sealing blocks (5422) are positioned on two sides of the cylinder cover (6) and correspond to the position of a channel opening (60) at the side end of the cylinder cover (6), and the second sealing blocks (5422) can move relative to the detection platform (52) to be close to the cylinder cover (6) under the driving of the first driving device (5421) and can close the channel opening (60) at the side end of the cylinder cover (6); the second detection mechanism further comprises a second air inlet pipe (5423) and a second air charging port (5424), the second air charging port (5424) is arranged on the second sealing block (5422) and is communicated with a channel port (60) at the side end of the cylinder cover (6), one end of the second air inlet pipe (5423) is connected with a gas compression device, and the other end of the second air inlet pipe is communicated with the second air charging port (5424) so as to be capable of charging gas into the channel port (60) at the side end of the cylinder cover (6); the third detection mechanism comprises a third driving device (5431) and a third sealing block (5432) connected with the third driving device (5431), the third sealing block (5432) is positioned at the rear end part of the cylinder cover (6) and corresponds to the position of the passage opening (60) at the rear end part of the cylinder cover (6), the third sealing block (5432) can move relative to the detection platform (2) to be close to the cylinder cover (6) under the driving of the first driving device (5431), and can close the passage opening (60) at the rear end part of the cylinder cover (6); the third detection mechanism further comprises a third air inlet pipe (5433) and a third inflation inlet (5434), the third inflation inlet (5434) is arranged on the third sealing block (5432) and communicated with the channel opening (60) in the rear end portion of the cylinder cover (6), one end of the third air inlet pipe (5433) is connected with a gas compression device, and the other end of the third air inlet pipe is communicated with the third inflation inlet (5434) so that gas can be filled into the channel opening (60) in the rear end portion of the cylinder cover (6).
9. The production process of an engine cylinder head according to claim 7, characterized in that the compressing mechanism (53) comprises a compressing driving mechanism (531), a compressing plate (532) and a compressing column (533), the compressing plate (532) is arranged above the cylinder head (6), the compressing column (33) is arranged on the compressing plate (532) and above the cylinder head (6), the compressing plate (532) is connected with the compressing driving mechanism (31) and can move towards the cylinder head (6) under the driving of the compressing driving mechanism (531), and the compressing column (533) can contact and compress the cylinder head (6) under the driving of the compressing plate (532); and a fourth driving device (551) is arranged below the detection box (55), the fourth driving device (551) is connected with the detection box (55) and can drive the detection box (55) to move towards the detection table (52) so that the cylinder cover (6) can enter the detection box (55).
10. The production process of an engine cylinder head according to claim 7, characterized in that the method for detecting the airtightness of the cylinder head by using the airtightness detection device (5) in the step S7 specifically comprises:
placing a cylinder head (6) to be tested on a test table (52);
the pressing mechanism (53) is started, the pressing plate (532) moves towards the cylinder cover (6) under the driving of the pressing driving mechanism (531), and the pressing column (533) can contact and press the cylinder cover (6) under the driving of the pressing plate (532) so as to fix the cylinder cover (6) on the detection table (52);
starting gas compression equipment, checking the exhaust conditions of the gas inlet pipe and the gas charging port, and if the exhaust is normal and not blocked, respectively starting a first detection mechanism, a second detection mechanism and a third detection mechanism to respectively detect a gas passage, an oil passage and a water passage in the cylinder cover (6); the method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening a first driving device (5411), driving a moving plate (5412) to move relative to a cylinder cover (6) by the first driving device (5411), moving a first sealing block (5413) along with the moving plate (5412) to contact the top of the cylinder cover (6) and close a channel opening (60) at the top of the cylinder cover (6), and filling gas into the channel opening (60) at the top of the cylinder cover (6) through a first gas inlet pipe (5414) and a first gas filling opening (5415) and keeping for a period of time; filling liquid into the detection box (55), starting a fourth driving device (551), driving the detection box (55) to move towards the detection table (52) by the fourth driving device (551) so that the cylinder cover (6) can be immersed into the liquid in the detection box (55); if the surface of the cylinder cover (6) is provided with a leakage part, gas in the cylinder cover (6) overflows from the leakage part, bubbles are generated in liquid in the detection box (55), and an operator can detect the air tightness of the channel by observing the generation of the bubbles through naked eyes;
opening a second driving device (5421), driving a second sealing block (5422) to move relative to the cylinder cover (6) by the second driving device (5421), enabling the second sealing block (5422) to contact with two sides of the cylinder cover (6) and close channel ports (60) on two sides of the cylinder cover (6), and filling gas into the channel ports (60) on two sides of the cylinder cover (6) through a second gas inlet pipe (5423) and a second gas filling port (5424) and keeping for a period of time; the detection box (55) moves relative to the detection table (52) so that the cylinder cover (6) enters the detection box (55) and is immersed in the liquid of the detection box (55); if the surface of the cylinder cover (6) is provided with a leakage part, gas in the cylinder cover (6) overflows from the leakage part, bubbles are generated in liquid in the detection box (55), and an operator can detect the air tightness of the channel by observing the generation of the bubbles through naked eyes;
opening a third driving device (5431), driving a third sealing block (5422) to move relative to the cylinder cover (6) by the third driving device (5421), enabling the third sealing block (5432) to contact two sides of the cylinder cover (6) and close channel ports (60) on two sides of the cylinder cover (6), and filling gas into the channel ports (60) on the rear end face of the cylinder cover (6) through a third gas inlet pipe (5433) and a third gas filling port (5434) and keeping for a period of time; the detection box (55) moves relative to the detection table (52) so that the cylinder cover (6) enters the detection box (55) and is immersed in the liquid of the detection box (55); if the surface of the cylinder cover (6) has a leakage part, gas in the cylinder cover (6) overflows from the leakage part, bubbles are generated in liquid in the detection box (55), and an operator can detect the air tightness of the channel by observing the generation of the bubbles through naked eyes.
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