CN113100229A - 绿原酸及金银花提取物在延缓鲜切花花苞开花中的应用 - Google Patents
绿原酸及金银花提取物在延缓鲜切花花苞开花中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种绿原酸及金银花提取物在延缓鲜切花花苞开花中的应用，该方法以绿原酸溶液或金银花提取物溶液为瓶插液，以康乃馨、月季、玫瑰和百合的未绽开切花花苞为材料，发现一定浓度范围的绿原酸溶液和金银花提取物溶液均可延缓或抑制康乃馨、月季和百合切花花苞开花，合适浓度处理1～12天可抑制康乃馨、月季和百合花切花花苞开花，并且去除绿原酸或金银花提取物后切花可迅速一致地开花而不影响切花开花寿命及观赏性，本发明能延长切花销售寿命，并且不影响后续切花开花及观赏性，可极大降低保鲜成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于鲜切花保鲜领域，特别涉及绿原酸及金银花提取物在延缓鲜切花花苞开花中的应用。
背景技术
鲜切花又称切花，是指从活体植株上切取的，具有观赏价值，可用于制作花篮、花束、花环、瓶插花、壁花以及胸饰花等花卉装饰的茎、叶、花、果等的植物材料。随着人们生活水平和文化修养的不断提高，用鲜花装点生活成了越来越多人的选择，瓶插花在其中扮演了重要的角色。在消费者购买到鲜切花之前，切花往往需要经过采摘、冷链储藏、运输、商家加工等过程，购买后还需要考虑切花观赏期的长短。同时，为了方便采收或使用，还需要使用保鲜剂对切花的开放时间进行控制。鲜切花脱离母体后，仍然进行着呼吸作用，体内发生着一系列的生理变化，如果处理不当很容易导致切花枯萎，对之后的运输和销售环节造成影响，同时也会缩短瓶插时观赏期，因此切花销售前的保鲜也是一个研究的热点。
鲜切花采摘后通常会进行预处理，以保证运输或贮藏后的开放品质，以及其销售寿命，一般采用物理法或化学法。物理方法通常采用冷藏法，通常用于储存或运输，但存在能耗大、操作复杂、成本高的问题。化学法在销售过程中更为适用，常采用蔗糖和硫代硫酸银及一些杀菌剂，近年来对激素及植物中存在的信号分子在鲜花保鲜中的作用研究也开展起来。其中很多物质比如硫代硫酸银，遇酸分解为银盐、二氧化硫和硫，银离子是重金属，使用后的废液对环境会造成污染，有些物质甚至含有会造成人体致畸致癌的物质，还有些物质由于成本高不易推广。因此开发出高效、无毒、无害的亲环境环保型保鲜剂也是鲜切花保鲜技术研究的一个重要方向。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供绿原酸或金银花提取物的新用途，即其在延缓鲜切花花苞开花中的应用，本发明将绿原酸或金银花提取物配制成一定浓度的水溶液作为抑制开花指数低的切花花苞开花的保鲜剂使用。
为了实现本发明的上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
以几种常用的鲜切花花苞（康乃馨、月季、玫瑰和百合）为材料，选择发育状况相对一致、健壮、无病害和无机械损害的未绽开花枝为实验材料，将切花下端用园艺剪剪成斜切面，***200 mL绿原酸或金银花提取物的自来水溶液中，绿原酸溶液浓度分别为1、2、5、10、25、100μg/mL，金银花提取物溶液浓度为20、40、100、200、500、2000μg/mL；每个处理组3支鲜切花，3个重复，4天换一次溶液，并重新剪出新鲜斜切面；每天记录鲜切花形态特征的变化，对瓶插不同时间各实验处理组切花的开花朵数进行统计，探讨绿原酸及金银花提取物对切花保鲜的影响及合适浓度。以康乃馨、月季和百合鲜切花为材料，采用不同浓度的绿原酸或金银花提取物溶液瓶插处理不同天数后进行自来水瓶插，对切花的开花情况进行统计，探讨绿原酸或金银花提取物溶液处理切花后对切花开花的影响。此外，还对绿原酸对已绽开鲜花的保鲜作用进行了探讨，采用同一天绽开的康乃馨切花用不同浓度绿原酸或金银花提取物的自来水溶液处理，统计其瓶插寿命，探讨绿原酸和金银花提取物对切花保鲜的影响。
本发明有益效果如下：
本发明将绿原酸及金银花提取物应用在延缓鲜切花花苞开花中，实验结果显示绿原酸和金银花提取物在一定浓度下均能延缓或抑制开花指数低（开花指数为1或2）的切花开花，并且去除绿原酸或金银花提取物溶液后切花可迅速一致地开花而不影响切花开花寿命及观赏性，但对花瓣突出萼片已经开始松散的切花开花没有明显影响，也不能促进切花开花后的保鲜。绿原酸及金银花提取物提取容易，成本低，可以作为一种无毒、无害的亲环境环保型鲜切花花苞开花的抑制剂使用，延长切花的销售寿命。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例和附表对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容；实施例中方法如无特殊说明，按常规操作进行，如无特殊说明使用试剂均为常规试剂或按常规方法配制的试剂，如无特殊说明方法中百分数均为质量体积百分数；实施例中开花指数1是指花瓣伸出花萼不足1cm，呈直立状，适合于远距离运输；开花指数2是指花瓣伸出花萼1cm以上，且略有松散，可以兼作远距离和近距离运输；开花指数3是指花瓣松散，小于水平线，适合于就近批发出售；
实施例1：绿原酸和金银花绿提取物抑制切花开花的具体方法如下：
1、金银花提取物是将新鲜金银花捣碎后，按料液比g:mL 1:5的比例，在捣碎后的金银花中加入质量体积浓度0.4～0.6%的纤维素酶溶液，混匀后在50℃下酶解2h，再加入质量浓度80%的乙醇溶液，酶解液与乙醇溶液的体积比为1:10，混匀后提取5h，固液分离，固体再加入乙醇溶液提取一次，合并提取液，旋转蒸发仪浓缩后干燥即得提取物；
2、将康乃馨（开花指数1～2）、月季（开花指数2）、玫瑰（开花指数3）和百合（花苞紧实）分组，每组3支，3个重复，分别***1、2、5、10、25、100μg/mL的绿原酸水溶液和20、40、100、200、500、2000μg/mL金银花提取物水溶液中，水溶液体积均为200mL，液面高度为6.5cm，每四天更换一次溶液；统计第二天、第四天和第八天绽开的花朵数，绽开的标准为花瓣全面松散，接近水平，结果见表1、2，从表中可以看出绿原酸和金银花提取物能延缓或抑制开花指数低的切花花苞开花，而对开花指数高的玫瑰没有明显作用；
表1：不同浓度金银花提取物溶液处理各种切花不同时间开花朵数统计结果
表2：不同浓度绿原酸溶液处理各种切花不同时间开花朵数统计结果
实施例2：绿原酸和金银花提取物溶液处理后的切花花苞开花情况和瓶插寿命分析
根据实施例1中绿原酸和金银花提取物溶液的有效浓度（分别为2、5、10、25μg/mL和40、100、200、500μg/mL），处理康乃馨、月季和百合切花4天、8天、12天后，改为自来水瓶插，对切花的开花情况（开花所需时间、总开花朵数及瓶插寿命）进行统计；瓶插寿命以瓶插开始作为瓶插寿命起点，每日观察，以花瓣严重失水萎蔫，失去观赏价值作为瓶插寿命结束标志，绿原酸或金银花提取物处理的切花瓶插寿命为处理时间加上后续解除处理后的瓶插时间之和，结果见表3、4，从表中可以看出绿原酸和金银花提取物能延缓或抑制花苞开花但不影响切花开花寿命及观赏性；
表3.金银花提取物溶液处理不同天数后切花的开花时间、开花朵数及瓶插寿命统计结果
表4.绿原酸溶液处理不同天数后切花的开花时间、开花朵数及瓶插寿命统计结果
实施例3：绿原酸或金银花提取物对已绽开的康乃馨鲜切花保鲜作用分析
将康乃馨切花用自来水瓶插，挑选同一天开花的花枝再进行分组，按实施例2中的绿原酸或金银花提取物的浓度对康乃馨进行瓶插处理，统计其瓶插寿命，对其促进鲜花保鲜的作用进行探讨，结果见表5，从表中可以看出绿原酸和金银花提取物不能促进切花开花后的保鲜；
表5. 不同浓度绿原酸或金银花提取物溶液处理的已开花的康乃馨切花瓶插寿命统计结果
Claims (5)
1.绿原酸在延缓鲜切花花苞开花中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于：绿原酸浓度为2～25μg/mL。
3.金银花提取物在延缓鲜切花花苞开花中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于：金银花粗提物的浓度为40～500μg/mL。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于：金银花提取物是将新鲜金银花捣碎后，按料液比g:mL1:4～6的比例，在捣碎后的金银花中加入质量体积浓度0.4～0.6%的纤维素酶溶液，混匀后在45～55℃下酶解1～3h，再加入质量浓度80～85%的乙醇溶液，酶解液与乙醇溶液的体积比为1:10～20，混匀后提取5～6h，固液分离，固体再加入乙醇溶液提取一次，合并提取液，旋转蒸发仪浓缩后干燥即得提取物。
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