CN113029507B - Device and method for measuring speed of tail end of piston compression pipe - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring speed of tail end of piston compression pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN113029507B CN113029507B CN202110307898.7A CN202110307898A CN113029507B CN 113029507 B CN113029507 B CN 113029507B CN 202110307898 A CN202110307898 A CN 202110307898A CN 113029507 B CN113029507 B CN 113029507B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/64—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the tail end speed of a piston compression pipe. The method for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe is based on the extension length L of each measuring rod of the measuring sensor group1、L2And L3And the sensor group is arranged on the film clamping ring, when the piston impacts, the sensors with different extending lengths of the measuring rod feel different times of the impact of the piston, and the L is combined1、L2And L3And different sensor impact times t1、t2And t3The collision speed of the piston can be calculated, namely the average speed of the piston at the tail end of the piston compression pipe. The invention can accurately measure the impact speed of the free piston at the tail end of the piston compression pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wind tunnel pistons, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the speed of the tail end of a piston compression pipe.
Background
In a shock tunnel and an expansion pipe wind tunnel driven by a free piston, the free piston is adopted to compress driving gas in the wind tunnel so as to achieve a high-temperature and high-pressure driving state. The moving speed of the free piston in the piston driver has important influence on the driving performance and the safety of equipment, the running speed of the free piston in the piston compression pipe is accurately measured, and particularly the speed (also called collision speed) at the tail end of the piston compression pipe has important significance on safety debugging and estimation of wind tunnel performance.
In order to measure the moving speed of the free piston in the compression pipe, two methods are generally adopted for measuring, namely a method of signal truncation, namely holes are formed in the wall surface of the piston compression pipe at intervals, a pressure or photoelectric sensor is installed in each hole, the arriving time of the piston is measured through a sensor signal, and then the running speed of the piston is calculated according to the distance and the time difference between the sensors. Another is to use a non-contact measurement method, such as a measurement method based on laser doppler technology, to directly perform the measurement. However, when the sensor is used for measurement, since the end of the piston compression tube needs to bear the compressed gas of high temperature and high pressure, it is impossible to arrange too many measuring points at the end of the piston compression tube due to the strength, thereby reducing the accuracy of the velocity measurement. When the non-contact method based on the laser Doppler technology is adopted for measurement, the operation speed of the piston at the tail end of the compression pipe cannot be measured under the influence of the complicated flowing process (high temperature, high pressure, relatively fast changing process, turbulent flow characteristic and the like) of the driving gas in the piston compression pipe and the defects of the measurement technology in the stage that the free piston moves to the tail end of the piston compression pipe for deceleration.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a device and a method for measuring a speed of a distal end of a piston compression tube, which can accurately measure an operating speed of a free piston at the distal end of the piston compression tube.
The following technical scheme is adopted specifically:
the tail end speed measuring device of the piston compression pipe comprises a measuring sensor group, a mounting seat front cover plate, a mounting seat bottom cover plate, a mounting seat and an outer spring, wherein the measuring sensor group consists of a short measuring sensor, a middle measuring sensor and a long measuring sensor; the measuring sensor group is arranged in an installation groove on the installation seat, and an outer spring is arranged between the measuring sensor group and a bottom cover plate of the installation seat; the mounting seat is of a cuboid structure, measuring sensor mounting holes are formed in the mounting seat in parallel, and a front mounting seat cover plate and a bottom mounting seat cover plate are fixedly mounted on the mounting seat;
each measuring transducer comprises measuring stick, protective sheath lid, protective sheath, base thread, inner spring, sleeve and measurement body, and concrete connection is: the protective sleeve cover is fixedly connected to the protective sleeve, one end of the inner spring is fixed on the base screw buckle, and the other end of the inner spring is fixed on the protective sleeve; the measuring body is clamped between the base screw fastener and the protective sleeve; the sleeve is of a columnar structure provided with a cylindrical hole along the length direction, the measuring rod penetrates through the cylindrical hole and is installed in the protective sleeve together with the sleeve, and the extension length of each measuring rod is adjusted by using sleeves with different lengths; the measuring rod is of a rod-shaped structure, one end of the measuring rod is provided with a disk, the other end of the measuring rod is fixedly arranged on the measuring body, and the measuring body is adhered with a sensitive element.
Furthermore, the protective sleeve cover is of a circular block structure with the same outer diameter as the protective sleeve and a hole in the center of the end face, four through holes are formed in the end face of the protective sleeve cover, screws can be conveniently fixed on the protective sleeve, the middle hole comprises a step hole and a sealing groove hole which are sequentially formed in the axial direction of the protective sleeve cover, the step hole is used for accommodating the head of the measuring rod, and the sealing groove is used for placing a sealing ring.
Furthermore, one end of the measuring body is of a square structure, the other end of the measuring body is of a cylindrical structure, and the sensitive element is adhered to the outer portion of the square structure.
Further, the protective sheath is cylinder sleeve structure, and protective sheath one end is equipped with the circular port, and the other end is equipped with the quad slit, and the outside of protective sheath is provided with the jack catch, and the jack catch cooperatees with the draw-in groove on the mount pad.
Furthermore, the number of the clamping jaws and the clamping grooves is four.
Furthermore, the mounting seat front cover plate is provided with a small counter bore I and a large counter bore I, the small counter bore I is used for fixedly connecting a screw and the mounting seat, the large counter bore I is used for fixedly connecting the mounting screw and a clamping steamed bun ring, the mounting seat front cover plate is further provided with a plurality of measuring sensor mounting holes, each measuring sensor mounting hole is respectively provided with a sealing groove, and a sealing ring is placed in each sealing groove.
Furthermore, a measuring sensor mounting groove for mounting a measuring sensor group, a measuring sensor mounting sealing surface, a measuring sensor mounting threaded hole and a measuring signal line connecting hole are formed in the film clamping ring.
Furthermore, a lead hole and a lead groove are formed in the mounting base bottom cover plate.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe based on the device for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe, which comprises the following steps:
a. the distances from the front end surface of the extending section of the measuring rod of the assembled long measuring sensor, the front end surface of the extending section of the measuring rod of the middle measuring sensor and the front end surface of the extending section of the measuring rod of the short measuring sensor to the outer surface of the front cover plate of the mounting seat are respectively L1，L2，L3Calculating the distance difference Δ L12＝L1-L2，ΔL23＝L2-L3，ΔL13＝L1-L3；
b. Fixedly mounting the assembled measuring sensor group on a film clamping ring at the tail end of a piston compression pipe through mounting screws, adjusting and ensuring that a front cover plate of a mounting seat is flush with a piston impact surface of the film clamping ring, and correspondingly connecting measuring signal lines of the measuring sensor group with signal lines of a sealing element in a one-to-one manner;
c. install the clamp membrane ring that will assemble on wind-tunnel clamp membrane mechanism to connect the signal line one-to-one of signal line play sealing member rear end and insert the signal measurement processing system of wind-tunnel equipment, promptly: the signal line of the long measuring sensor is connected to the 1 st channel of the signal measuring and processing system, the signal line of the middle measuring sensor is connected to the 2 nd channel of the signal measuring and processing system, and the signal line of the short measuring sensor is connected to the 3 rd channel of the signal measuring and processing system;
d. starting a signal measurement trigger system and a signal measurement processing system of the wind tunnel equipment;
e. under the action of gas pushing, when the piston moves towards the tail end of the piston compression pipe in the piston compression pipe, the end face of the piston collides with the front end face of the measuring rod of each measuring sensor sequentially and respectively, and a 1 st channel, a 2 nd channel and a 3 rd channel of the signal measuring and processing system record collision signal curves output by the long measuring sensor, the middle measuring sensor and the short measuring sensor respectively;
f. respectively reading the collision time t of the piston and the long measuring sensor according to the collision signal curve recorded by the channel of the signal measuring and processing system in the step e1Time t of collision of piston with middle measuring sensor2And the time t of collision of the piston with the short measuring sensor3Calculating the time DeltaT21＝t2-t1，ΔT32＝t3-t2，ΔT31＝t3-t1；
g. Calculating the average speed between a long measurement sensor and a medium measurement sensor
Average speed between medium and short measuring sensors
Average speed between long and short measurement sensors
h. Calculating the average velocity of the piston at the end of the piston compression tube
In the scheme for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe, the extension lengths of the measuring rods of the measuring sensors are different and adjustable, and the method for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe is used for measuring the extension lengths L of the measuring rods of the measuring sensor group1、L2And L3And will transmitThe sensor group is arranged on the film clamping ring, and when the piston impacts, the sensors with different extending lengths of the measuring rods sense different impact moments of the piston and are combined with the L1、L2、L3And the obtained impact time t of the piston with different sensors1、t2And t3The average speed of the piston running at the end of the piston compression tube can be calculated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partial cutaway of a device for measuring the velocity of the end of a piston compression tube in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single measurement sensor configuration (with the measurement stem protruding);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a single measurement sensor configuration (measurement bar flush);
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a piston compression tube end velocity measuring device;
FIG. 5 is a perspective cutaway view of a piston compression tube end velocity measurement apparatus;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a single measurement sensor configuration (measurement rod flush);
FIG. 7 is an assembly view of the measuring rod structure;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a single measurement sensor configuration (with the measurement rod protruding);
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the assembly of the piston compression tube end velocity measuring transducer set with the clamping ring (with the measuring rod protruding);
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the end velocity measuring sensor set of the piston compression tube in rotational engagement with the clamping ring (with the measuring rod flush);
FIG. 11 is a perspective cutaway view of the end structure of the compression tube of the piston drive section;
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a mount structure;
FIG. 13 is a perspective cutaway view of the protective sleeve construction;
FIG. 14 is a perspective cut-away view of the clamp ring;
FIG. 15 is a partial perspective cutaway view of the clamp ring and measurement sensor assembly;
FIG. 16 is a perspective cutaway view of the front cover plate of the mount;
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a base cover plate of the mount;
in the drawing, 1, a measuring sensor group 2, a mounting seat front cover plate 3, a mounting seat bottom cover plate 4, a mounting seat 5, an outer spring 6, a screw 7, a film clamping ring 8, a piston 9, a piston compression pipe 10, a clamping groove 11, a short measuring sensor 12, a middle measuring sensor 13, a long measuring sensor 14, a sealing rubber cushion block 15, a signal line are connected with a sealing element 16, a mounting screw 101, a measuring rod 102, a protective sleeve cover 103, a protective sleeve 104, a base screw buckle 105, an inner spring 106, a sleeve 107, a measuring body 108, a sensitive element 109, a clamping claw 201, a small counter bore I202, a large counter bore I203, a sealing groove 301, a lead groove 302, a counter bore II 401, a screw hole 701, a measuring sensor mounting groove 702, a measuring sensor mounting sealing surface 703, a measuring sensor mounting threaded hole 704, a measuring signal line are connected with a hole 705 and a piston impact surface.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the device for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe comprises a measuring sensor group 1, a mounting seat front cover plate 2, a mounting seat bottom cover plate 3, a mounting seat 4 and an outer spring 5, wherein the measuring sensor group 1 consists of a short measuring sensor 11, a middle measuring sensor 12 and a long measuring sensor 13, the extension lengths of measuring rods of the short measuring sensor 11, the middle measuring sensor 12 and the long measuring sensor 13 are adjustable, and the extension lengths of the measuring rods of the measuring sensors are different; the measuring sensor group 1 is arranged in an installation groove on the installation seat 4, and an outer spring 5 is arranged between the measuring sensor group 1 and the installation seat bottom cover plate 3; the mounting seat 4 is of a cuboid structure, three measuring sensor mounting holes are formed in the mounting seat 4 in parallel, namely, a short measuring sensor 11, a middle measuring sensor 12 and a long measuring sensor 13 are respectively placed in each measuring sensor mounting hole, and after the measuring sensor group 1 is mounted, the mounting seat front cover plate 2 and the mounting seat bottom cover plate 3 are fixedly mounted on the mounting seat 4 through screws 6; sealing surfaces or sealing grooves are respectively arranged on a film clamping ring 7, a mounting seat front cover plate 2 and a protective sleeve cover 102 at the tail end of a piston compression pipe, corresponding pressure-resistant sealing cushion blocks or sealing rings are respectively arranged on the sealing surfaces or the sealing grooves, epoxy glue is filled between a mounting seat 4 and a screw 6 for sealing, epoxy glue is also filled between a measurement signal receiving hole of the film clamping ring 7 and a signal line receiving sealing element 15 for sealing, and high-pressure gas compressed by the movement of a piston is prevented from entering the inside of a measurement device or leaking;
as shown in fig. 2 to 7, each measuring sensor is composed of a measuring rod 101, a protective cover 102, a protective cover 103, a base screw 104, an inner spring 105, a sleeve 106 and a measuring body 107, and the specific connection relationship is as follows: the protective sleeve cover 102 is fixedly connected to the protective sleeve 103 through a screw 6, one end of an inner spring 105 is fixed to the base screw buckle 104, and the other end of the inner spring is fixed in an inner hole of the measuring body 107; the measuring body 107 is clamped between the other end of the inner spring 105 and the protective sleeve 103; the sleeve 106 is a columnar structure provided with a cylindrical hole along the length direction, the measuring rods 101 penetrate through the cylindrical hole and are installed in the protective sleeve 103 together with the sleeve 6, and the measuring sensors with different lengths realize the difference of the extending lengths of the measuring rods 101 by using the sleeves 106 with different lengths; the measuring rod 101 is of a rod-shaped structure with a disc at one end, the other end of the measuring rod 101 is fixedly arranged on the measuring body 107 through threads, and the sensing element 108 is adhered to the measuring body 107 and used for sensing a measuring collision signal; the sensing element 108 may be a piezoelectric or strain gauge.
Further, the protective cover 102 is a circular block structure (as shown in fig. 3 and 6) having the same outer diameter as the protective cover 103 and having a hole in the center of the end surface, the end surface of the protective cover is provided with four through holes for fixing the screw 6 on the protective cover 103, the middle hole includes a step hole and a sealing groove hole which are sequentially formed along the axial direction of the protective cover, the step hole is used for accommodating the head of the measuring rod 101, and the sealing groove is used for placing a pressure-resistant sealing ring, as shown in fig. 2 and 3 (not labeled), so as to prevent the gap between the measuring rod 101 and the protective cover 102 from leaking and prevent high-pressure gas compressed by the piston from entering the inside of the measuring sensor.
Further, one end of the measuring body 107 is a square structure, the other end is a cylindrical structure, and the sensing element 108 is adhered to the outside of the square structure.
Furthermore, the protective sleeve 103 is a cylindrical sleeve structure, one end of the protective sleeve 103 is provided with a circular hole, the other end of the protective sleeve 103 is provided with a square hole (see fig. 13), the end face of the square hole is provided with four screw holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the end face through holes of the protective sleeve cover 102, the protective sleeve cover 102 is fixed on the end face of the square hole of the protective sleeve 103 by the four screw hole mounting screws 6, four claws 109 are arranged outside the protective sleeve 103, the claws 109 are matched with four slots 10 (see fig. 12) on the mounting seat 4 to play a role in circumferential positioning, one end of each claw 109 is also used for contacting and limiting with the front mounting seat cover plate 2, the other end of each claw 109 is matched with one end of the outer spring 5, one end of the outer spring 5 is arranged to contact with the bottom mounting seat cover plate 3 (see fig. 5), and the sensors 11, 12 and 13 are pushed out to extend to the claws 109 to contact and limit with the front mounting seat cover plate 2 under the elastic force, together limiting the extension of the sensors 11, 12, 13 except for the respective measuring rod 101 portion.
Further, the mounting seat front cover plate 2 is provided with a small counter bore I201 and a large counter bore I202 which are respectively used for fixedly connecting a screw 6 with a mounting seat 4 and fixedly connecting a mounting screw 16 with a measuring sensor mounting threaded hole 703 on a steamed bun clamping ring 7, the mounting seat front cover plate 2 is further provided with three mounting holes for measuring a sensor group 1, the mounting holes are respectively provided with a sealing groove 203, a pressure-resistant sealing ring is arranged in each sealing groove 203, the sealing rings are combined with the mounting sensor group, and high-pressure gas compressed by the movement of a piston is prevented from leaking from gaps (see fig. 16).
Furthermore, a lead groove 301 is formed in the mounting base bottom cover plate 3 and used for leading out a measurement signal line (see fig. 17), in the sensor group, a single sensor measurement signal line is led out of the measurement sensor group 1 through the lead groove 301, and a counter bore ii is formed in the mounting base bottom cover plate 3 and is convenient to fix with the mounting base 4 through a screw 6.
Further, in the present invention, an adaptive modification process needs to be performed on the film clamping ring 7 at the end of the piston compression tube (see fig. 14), a measurement sensor mounting groove 701 for mounting the measurement sensor group 1, a measurement sensor mounting sealing surface 702, a measurement sensor mounting threaded hole 703 and a measurement signal line outgoing hole 704 are adaptively modified and processed on a piston impact surface 705 of the film clamping ring 7, wherein one end of the measurement signal line outgoing hole 704 is a long and thin deep hole, the other end of the measurement signal line outgoing hole is a threaded hole with a larger diameter, a conical surface for sealing, a threaded hole with a larger diameter are disposed between the long and thin deep hole and the threaded hole with a larger diameter, and a thread and a conical surface for sealing are matched with a thread and a conical surface of the signal line outgoing sealing member 15 (see fig. 15), and the conical surface is attached after the threads are screwed to ensure that the connection gap is not air-tight.
Furthermore, the signal line leading-out sealing element 15 is of a columnar structure and is composed of a section I with a long and thin deep hole, a thread section II matched with a threaded hole of the measuring signal line leading-out hole 704 and a thread head section III convenient to screw, wherein the section I with the long and thin deep hole extends into the measuring signal line leading-out hole 704 and is matched with a conical surface of the measuring signal line leading-out hole 704, a central through hole is formed in the central position of the signal line leading-out sealing element 15 along the axial direction, the measuring signal line is convenient to draw out, all measuring signal lines are firstly transmitted into the central hole before the signal line leading-out sealing element 15 is installed and screwed, epoxy glue is filled in the central hole for sealing, and the sealing conical surface of the signal line leading-out sealing element 15 and the central hole are ensured to be air-tight.
When in use, the piston compression pipe tail end speed measuring sensor group 1 is fixedly arranged on a film clamping ring 7 at the tail end of the piston compression pipe through a mounting screw 16, a mounting seat front cover plate 2 is adjusted and ensured to be flush with a piston ring impact surface 705 of the film clamping ring 7 during assembly, as shown in fig. 9-11, a signal line of the measuring sensor group 1 is correspondingly connected with a signal line of a sealing piece 15 connected with the signal line, when a piston 8 moves towards the tail end in the piston compression pipe 9, the piston 8 is in contact collision with a measuring rod 101 extending out of the measuring sensor group 1, a collision signal is sensed by a sensing element 108, and the collision is earlier when the extending length of the measuring rod 101 is longer; calculating the collision speed of the piston according to different extending lengths of the three measuring rods 101 and different collision moments and recording;
after collision occurs, the outer spring 5 and the inner spring 105 are both compressed inwards, finally, the end face of the extending end of all the measuring rods 101 of the measuring sensor group and the outer end face of the protective sleeve cover 102 are flush with the end face 705 of the film clamping ring 7, the state shown in fig. 10 is achieved, damage to the measuring sensor group 1 is avoided, and once the piston leaves, the extending end face of each measuring rod 101 of the measuring sensor group 1 and the outer end face of the protective sleeve cover 102 extend to the last extending position under the action of the inner spring 105 and the outer spring 5.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe based on the device for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe, which comprises the following steps:
a. the vertical distance between the most front end surface of the measuring rod 101 of the assembled sensor group after extending out and the outer surface of the front cover plate 2 of the mounting seat is measured respectively, and the specific records are as follows: the distances from the front end surface of the extending section of the measuring rod of the long measuring sensor 13, the front end surface of the extending section of the measuring rod of the middle measuring sensor 12 and the front end surface of the extending section of the measuring rod of the short measuring sensor 11 to the outer surface of the front cover plate 2 of the mounting seat are L respectively1，L2，L3Calculating the distance difference Δ L12＝L1-L2，ΔL23＝L2-L3，ΔL13＝L1-L3；
b. The assembled measuring sensor group 1 is fixedly arranged on a film clamping ring 7 at the tail end of a piston compression pipe through a mounting screw 16, a front cover plate 2 of a mounting seat is adjusted and ensured to be flush with a piston impact surface 705 of the film clamping ring 7, see fig. 9 and fig. 10, and measuring signal lines of the measuring sensor group 1 and signal lines connected out of the front end of a sealing element 15 are correspondingly connected one by one;
c. install the good clamp membrane ring 7 of equipment on wind-tunnel clamp membrane mechanism to connect the signal line that the signal line connects out 15 rear ends of sealing member one-to-one and insert to the signal measurement processing system of wind-tunnel equipment, promptly: the signal line of the long measuring sensor 13 is connected to the 1 st channel of the signal measuring and processing system, the signal line of the middle measuring sensor 12 is connected to the 2 nd channel of the signal measuring and processing system, and the signal line of the short measuring sensor 11 is connected to the 3 rd channel of the signal measuring and processing system;
d. starting a signal measurement trigger system and a signal measurement processing system of the wind tunnel equipment to prepare for measurement;
e. under the action of gas pushing, when the piston 8 moves towards the tail end of the piston compression pipe in the piston compression pipe 9, the end face of the piston collides with the front end face of the measuring rod 101 of each measuring sensor in sequence, and a 1 st channel, a 2 nd channel and a 3 rd channel of the signal measuring and processing system record collision signal curves output by the long measuring sensor 13, the middle measuring sensor 12 and the short measuring sensor 11 respectively;
f. according to the collision signal curve recorded by each channel of the signal measurement processing system in the step e, the collision time (1 st channel) t of the piston and the long measurement sensor 13 is respectively read1The time of impact (2 nd channel) t of the piston with the middle measuring sensor 122And the time of collision of the piston with the short measuring sensor 11 (3 rd channel) t3Calculating the time DeltaT21＝t2-t1，ΔT32＝t3-t2，ΔT31＝t3-t1；
g. The average speed between the long measuring sensor 13 and the medium measuring sensor 12 can be calculated according to the fact that the average speed of the object is equal to the moving distance divided by the moving time
Average speed between the medium measuring sensor 12 and the short measuring sensor 11
Average speed between long measuring sensor 13 and short measuring sensor 11
h. Calculating the average velocity of the piston at the end of the piston compression tube
In addition, the invention also can
As the mean velocity of the piston at the end of the piston compression tube
By adopting the measuring sensor group 1 with the signal output line, namely the measuring sensor group 1 is provided with three single measuring sensors, the average speed of the piston moving at the tail end of the piston compression pipe can be obtained by modifying and processing the existing film clamping ring on the equipment and utilizing the signal triggering system and the signal measuring and processing system of the wind tunnel equipment through calculation.
By adopting the measuring sensor group 1 with the signal output line, namely the measuring sensor group 1 with at least 2 single measuring sensors, the average speed of the piston moving at the tail end of the piston compression pipe can be calculated by modifying the existing film clamping ring on the equipment, utilizing the signal trigger system and the signal measuring system of the equipment and measuring and processing the speed of the piston at the tail end of the piston compression pipe.
In conclusion, the invention only carries out a small amount of modification processing on the existing film clamping ring, the main structure of the equipment is not influenced, under the condition of limited thickness of the film clamping ring, the outer spring is adopted to push out a fixed length, the inner spring is adopted to push out different lengths, so that different extending lengths are formed on the basis of extending enough length of a single sensor, the piston is in motion contact with and collides with the outermost end face of the single sensor, a sensitive element of the sensor can feel the collision, the triggering system and the signal measuring system of the equipment are utilized to record the time when the piston collides with the outermost end face of the single sensor, the distance difference formed by extending different lengths of the sensor group and the corresponding collision time can be used for calculating the average speed between the distance differences formed by the piston when colliding with the sensor end faces with different extending lengths, the technology that the contact measurement cannot measure the average speed of the piston running at the tail end of the compression pipe in the opening of the piston pipe and the non-contact compression measurement is avoided, and the like And (5) a defect.
The described embodiment of the invention is only one of the possibilities that is easy to implement. All relevant embodiments are exemplary rather than exhaustive, and the invention is by no means limited to only these embodiments. Many modifications and variations are possible and apparent without departing from the scope and spirit of embodiments of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The device for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe is characterized by comprising a measuring sensor group (1), a mounting seat front cover plate (2), a mounting seat bottom cover plate (3), a mounting seat (4) and an outer spring (5), wherein the measuring sensor group (1) consists of a short measuring sensor (11), a middle measuring sensor (12) and a long measuring sensor (13), the extension lengths of measuring rods of the short measuring sensor (11), the middle measuring sensor (12) and the long measuring sensor (13) are adjustable, and the extension lengths of the measuring rods of the measuring sensors are different; the measuring sensor group (1) is arranged in a mounting groove on the mounting seat (4), and an outer spring (5) is arranged between the measuring sensor group (1) and the mounting seat bottom cover plate (3); the mounting seat (4) is of a cuboid structure, measuring sensor mounting holes are formed in the mounting seat (4) in parallel, and the mounting seat front cover plate (2) and the mounting seat bottom cover plate (3) are fixedly mounted on the mounting seat (4);
each measuring transducer comprises a measuring rod (101), a protective sleeve cover (102), a protective sleeve (103), a base screw buckle (104), an inner spring (105), a sleeve (106) and a measuring body (107), and the specific connection relation is as follows: the protective sleeve cover (102) is fixedly connected to the protective sleeve (103), one end of the inner spring (105) is fixed to the base screw buckle (104), and the other end of the inner spring is fixed to the protective sleeve (103); the measuring body (107) is clamped between the base screw buckle (104) and the protective sleeve (103); the sleeve (106) is of a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical hole along the length direction, the measuring rod (101) penetrates through the cylindrical hole and is installed in the protective sleeve (103) together with the sleeve (106), and the extension length of each measuring rod (101) is adjusted by using the sleeves (106) with different lengths; the measuring rod (101) is of a rod-shaped structure with a disc at one end, the other end of the measuring rod (101) is fixedly arranged on the measuring body (107), and a sensitive element (108) is adhered to the measuring body (107);
one end of the measuring body (107) is of a square structure, the other end of the measuring body is of a cylindrical structure, the sensitive element (108) is pasted outside the square structure, the protective sleeve (103) is of a cylindrical sleeve structure, a circular hole is formed in one end of the protective sleeve (103), and a square hole is formed in the other end of the protective sleeve.
2. The device for measuring the end speed of a piston compression tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective sheath cover (102) is a circular block structure having an outer diameter equal to the outer diameter of the protective sheath (103) and a central opening in the end face, the end face of the protective sheath cover is provided with four through holes for the screws (6) to be fixed to the protective sheath (103), the central opening comprises a step hole and a sealing groove hole which are sequentially formed along the axial direction of the protective sheath cover, the step hole is used for accommodating the head of the measuring rod (101), and the sealing groove is used for placing a sealing ring.
3. Device for measuring the end velocity of a piston compression tube according to claim 1, characterised in that the protective sheath (103) is externally provided with a jaw (109), the jaw (109) cooperating with a slot (10) in the mounting seat (4).
4. Device for measuring the end velocity of a piston compression tube according to claim 3, characterised in that said jaws (109) and slots (10) are four pairs in number.
5. The device for measuring the speed of the tail end of the piston compression pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein a small counter bore I (201) and a large counter bore I (202) are formed in the front cover plate (2) of the mounting seat, the small counter bore I (201) is used for fixedly connecting a screw (6) with the mounting seat (4), the large counter bore I (202) is used for fixedly connecting a mounting screw (16) with the film clamping ring (7), a plurality of measuring sensor mounting holes are formed in the front cover plate (2) of the mounting seat, a sealing groove (203) is formed in each measuring sensor mounting hole, and a sealing ring is arranged in each sealing groove (203).
6. The device for measuring the end velocity of a piston compression tube according to claim 5, wherein the clamping ring (7) is provided with a measuring sensor mounting groove (701) for mounting the measuring sensor group (1), a measuring sensor mounting sealing surface (702), a measuring sensor mounting threaded hole (703) and a measuring signal line outlet hole (704).
7. Device for measuring the end velocity of a piston compression tube according to claim 1, characterised in that said base plate (3) is provided with holes and grooves for the leads.
8. A method of measuring the velocity of the end of a piston compression tube based on the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
a. the distances from the front end surface of the extending section of the measuring rod of the assembled long measuring sensor (13), the front end surface of the extending section of the measuring rod of the middle measuring sensor (12) and the front end surface of the extending section of the measuring rod of the short measuring sensor (11) to the outer surface of the front cover plate (2) of the mounting seat are respectively L1，L2，L3Calculating the distance difference Δ L12＝L1-L2，ΔL23＝L2-L3，ΔL13＝L1-L3；
b. Fixedly mounting the assembled measurement sensor group (1) on a film clamping ring (7) at the tail end of a piston compression pipe through a mounting screw (16), adjusting and ensuring that a front cover plate (2) of a mounting seat is flush with a piston impact surface (705) of the film clamping ring (7), and connecting measurement signal lines of the measurement sensor group (1) with signal lines connected out of a sealing element (15) in a one-to-one corresponding manner;
c. the assembled film clamping ring (7) is installed on a wind tunnel film clamping mechanism, and the signal wires connected out of the rear end of the sealing element (15) are correspondingly connected into a signal measurement processing system of wind tunnel equipment one by one, namely: the signal line of the long measuring sensor (13) is connected to the 1 st channel of the signal measuring and processing system, the signal line of the middle measuring sensor (12) is connected to the 2 nd channel of the signal measuring and processing system, and the signal line of the short measuring sensor (11) is connected to the 3 rd channel of the signal measuring and processing system;
d. starting a signal measurement trigger system and a signal measurement processing system of the wind tunnel equipment;
e. under the action of gas pushing, when a piston (8) moves towards the tail end of a piston compression pipe in a piston compression pipe (9), the end face of the piston collides with the front end face of a measuring rod (101) of each measuring sensor in sequence, and a 1 st channel, a 2 nd channel and a 3 rd channel of a signal measuring and processing system record collision signal curves output by a long measuring sensor (13), a middle measuring sensor (12) and a short measuring sensor (11) respectively;
f. respectively reading the collision time t of the piston and the long measuring sensor (13) according to the collision signal curve recorded by the channel of the signal measuring and processing system in the step e1The time t of collision of the piston with the intermediate measuring sensor (12)2The time t of collision of the piston with the short measuring sensor (11)3Calculating the time DeltaT21＝t2-t1，ΔT32＝t3-t2，ΔT31＝t3-t1；
g. Calculating the average speed between the long measuring sensor (13) and the medium measuring sensor (12)
Average speed between the medium measuring sensor (12) and the short measuring sensor (11)
Average speed between a long measuring sensor (13) and a short measuring sensor (11)
h. Calculating the average velocity of the piston at the end of the piston compression tube
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