CN112970975A

CN112970975A - Mixed eel feed additive for increasing proportion of red fish meal in feed, preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112970975A
Application number: CN202110354417.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 翟少伟; 梁英; 蔡国鹤; 陈学豪
Original assignee: Jimei University
Current assignee: Jimei University
Priority date: 2021-03-31
Filing date: 2021-03-31
Publication date: 2021-06-18

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein each kilogram of the mixed eel feed additive contains 80-250 g of procyanidine, 20-100 g of macleaya cordata powder, 150-800 g of tributyrin, 50-250 g of bile acid and the balance of carrier. The mixed feed additive for eel is added into feed in an amount of 0.2-0.6%, and has effects of increasing red fish meal dosage, relieving liver and intestine injury caused by toxic and harmful substances in red fish meal, increasing feed efficiency and promoting growth. Has the characteristics of easily obtained raw materials, moderate cost, safety, effectiveness, no incompatibility, simple preparation, low addition amount and the like, and has good application prospect.

Description

Mixed eel feed additive for increasing proportion of red fish meal in feed, preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of eel feed additives, in particular to an eel mixed feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed, a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Eel is a high-grade aquatic product widely liked by consumers, has delicious meat quality and high nutritional value, also has certain medicinal food value, and is a beautiful name of 'ginseng in water'. China is the first major country of the eel industry in the world, and develops into an integrated industry integrating feed production, eel processing, eel fishing, trade export and adult eel culture. The eel compound feed has high protein level and has high requirements on the quality and palatability of the protein. The raw material of the eel compound feed with the largest proportion is imported high-quality fish meal, the proportion in the feed formula is 65% -70%, and the imported white fish meal is mainly used. However, due to the influence of over-fishing, el nino and other phenomena, the yield of white fish meal in the world declines year by year, the price rises all the way, and great cost pressure is caused to eel feed production. Guangdong province and Fujian province are eel main producing areas in China, wherein the Guangdong province mainly cultures Japanese eels in a soil pond mode, and only imported white fish meal is used in the compound feed, and red fish meal is not used; in the Fujian province, American eels are mainly bred in a cement pond in a refined mode, the number of seedlings of Japanese eels is increased more in this year (mainly because the number of caught Japanese eels is more and the number of imported eel seedlings is less), European eels and anguilla marmorata are also bred to a certain extent, and a small amount of super-grade imported red fish meal with high freshness is used in the compound feed for the eels; the white fish meal is mainly used as the whole, and generally accounts for more than 60 percent of the total fish meal. From the production experience, the histamine level of the eel compound feed only using white fish meal is generally within 100 mg/kg; the histamine level of eel compound feed using small amount of red fish meal is generally controlled within 250 mg/kg.

From the main nutrient content, the imported red fish meal is generally close to the imported white fish meal, and the price of the imported red fish meal is about 25 to 30 percent lower than that of the white fish meal. However, the level of biogenic amine (mainly histamine, putrescine, cadaverine and the like) in the red fish meal is far higher than that of the white fish meal, and the histamine level in the red fish meal is generally 7.5-37.5 times of that of the white fish meal only according to the national standard GB/T19164-2003 fish meal; the histamine level is an important physicochemical index of imported fish meal, is biogenic amine with high content and great harm, is easily polluted by bacteria (such as proteus morganii, achromobacter histamine, escherichia coli, streptococcus, staphylococcus and the like) producing histidine decarboxylase in the production and storage processes, and causes free histidine in the fish meal to be generated by decarboxylation reaction, and the limit of other biogenic amines is not specified in the national fish meal standard at present. According to practical experience and relevant experimental research in aquaculture, it is found that excessive biogenic amine intake of meat-lophilic freshwater fishes such as eel, pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the like can produce toxic reaction, liver and intestinal tract injury, necrosis and intestinal flora disorder, so that appetite is reduced, and slow growth and even death are caused. In addition, other freshness indicators in red fish meal, such as acid value, volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide value and bacteria, are higher than those in white fish meal, and the liver and intestine health is also damaged. Therefore, the negative effect of toxic and harmful substances in the red fish meal on the liver and intestine health of the eel is the main reason for influencing the large-scale application of the eel in compound feed.

In order to eliminate the influence of the histamine feed on the harm of fishes, the current domestic invention patent conditions are as follows:

CN111154695A discloses a method for producing related enzyme system by fermentation of staphylococcus aureus through metabolism, and biochemically converting histamine into other nontoxic substances, wherein the histamine content of low-value pakistan fish meal can reach the standard of tertiary fish meal (<1500 mg/kg). The method may be used for low value fish meal with higher histamine, and may not be suitable for special import fish meal used in eel feed. The patent also considers that the cost of decomposing the fish meal histamine by using the enzyme method is too high, and the use is not recommended.

CN110742185A provides a feed containing stevia rebaudiana and its use, the feed contains original strain of stevia rebaudiana and/or extract of stevia rebaudiana, the original strain of stevia rebaudiana is stem and/or leaf; the stevia extract is prepared by fermenting and ripening stevia extractive solution. The 0.2% stevia rebaudiana extract is rich in antioxidant components such as phenols, flavones and the like, can improve the influence of histamine allergy on the growth of rainbow trout and repair histamine damage, and has non-antioxidant effect, weak antioxidant capacity and poor effect.

CN108634094A discloses the application of lactobacillus reuteri fermentation culture extract in preparing a preparation for repairing histamine damage of pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The lactobacillus reuteri extract is prepared by taking lactobacillus reuteri as a fermentation strain, performing liquid fermentation to obtain lactobacillus reuteri suspension, performing cell disruption on thalli in the lactobacillus reuteri suspension, centrifuging to remove insoluble cell components to obtain supernatant, and freeze-drying the supernatant to obtain the lactobacillus reuteri extract. The lactobacillus reuteri fermentation product adopted in the scheme contains amylase with different contents, and if the lactobacillus reuteri fermentation product is added into eel compound feed, gelatinized starch can be decomposed, so that the viscoelasticity of the feed is reduced, the dissolution rate is increased, and the water quality is polluted (as the eel compound feed is powdery feed, about 25 percent of the gelatinized starch is contained, a certain proportion of water is added before feeding, and the mixture is stirred into a dough shape, and the viscoelasticity is important).

CN111789875A also discloses a preparation for improving intestinal pathological injury of pelteobagrus fulvidraco, which consists of 1 part of mangosteen extract and 3 parts of stevia rebaudiana extract; the preparation is added into the feed according to the proportion of 1 per mill, so that intestinal injury of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco caused by excessive addition of exogenous histamine can be remarkably repaired. The stevia extract has non-antioxidant effect, and has weak antioxidant ability, resulting in poor effect.

In summary, it can be seen in the patent disclosed above that the toxic effect of histamine on the fishes described in the patent is alleviated by adding plant extracts or probiotics having antioxidant activity to regulate the health of the intestinal tract, but there are still disadvantages.

Furthermore, from the perspective of eliminating or relieving intestinal inflammation and promoting intestinal health of fish, the disclosed invention patents are as follows:

1. CN201910002065.2 relates to a traditional Chinese medicine additive for fish feed, in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine additive for preventing and treating enteritis of black carps, which comprises 10 to 20 percent of oldenlandia diffusa, 30 to 50 percent of phellodendron amurense and 30 to 50 percent of lonicera confusa by mass percent.

2. CN201810034893.X discloses a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for preventing and treating enteritis for weever and a preparation and use method thereof, the additive comprises a group A mixture and a group B mixture, and the group A mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-9 parts of allicin, 7-8 parts of garden burnet root, 6-7 parts of astragalus root, 5-6 parts of bupleurum, 5-6 parts of dried orange peel, 4-5 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 4-5 parts of poria cocos; the mixture in group B comprises: 10-12 parts of squid liver paste, 10-12 parts of shrimp shell powder, 8-10 parts of beer yeast powder and 6-8 parts of fish soluble paste.

3. CN201711164683.4 discloses a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for treating enteritis of fishes. The invention provides a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, which is obtained by mixing and then crushing all components in Chinese herbal medicine raw materials; the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 15 parts of phellodendron, 10 parts of sargentgloryvine stem, 10 parts of herba patriniae, 10 parts of gallnut, 10 parts of pomegranate rind, 20 parts of spreading hedyotis herb, 15 parts of barbed skullcap herb, 15 parts of purslane, 25 parts of honeysuckle, 20 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 20 parts of kudzuvine root, 5 parts of coptis root, 10 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 20 parts of tuckahoe, 5 parts of costustoot, 15 parts of medicated leaven, 10 parts of chicken's gizzard-membrane, 15 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 15 parts of hairyvein agrimony and 10 parts of.

4. CN201610864644.4 relates to a feed additive for treating bacterial enteritis of Clarias fuscus, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 40-48 parts of flower of kudzuvine, 21-27 parts of radix cheongrass, 24-28 parts of houttuynia cordata, 30-35 parts of reed rhizome, 8-12 parts of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 3-5 parts of dried orange peel, 12-17 parts of dandelion, 17-25 parts of cactus, 14-19 parts of folium isatidis, 18-25 parts of onion, 11-15 parts of mint, 14-20 parts of purslane, 13-18 parts of moutan bark, 2-3 parts of Pu' er tea, 15-20 parts of fructus cnidii, 11-16 parts of pine nut, 15-21 parts of lithospermum, 16-22 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 17-22 parts of red-knees herb, 18-25 parts of golden cypress, 9-14 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 15-21 parts of barley.

5. CN201710595429.3 discloses a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for preventing enteritis of freshwater salmon and application thereof, wherein the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of red-knees herb, 15-18 parts of isatis root, 13-18 parts of cooked rehmannia root, 15-20 parts of Chinese gall, 10-13 parts of verbena, 8-12 parts of wild chrysanthemum flower, 10-13 parts of liquorice, 8-13 parts of common andrographis herb, 3-6 parts of honeysuckle and 5-8 parts of baical skullcap root.

6. CN201610692674.1 discloses a feed additive for treating loach enteritis, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 6-8 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 3-5 parts of semen coicis, 6-8 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 5-7 parts of poria cocos, 2-4 parts of carbonized human hair, 2-4 parts of red halloysite, 3-5 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 5-7 parts of carbonized human bighead atractylodes rhizome, 2-4 parts of baked ginger, 2-4 parts of myrobalan, 3-5 parts of polygonum aviculare, 5-7 parts of Chinese yam, 10-20 parts of talcum powder, 20-30 parts of adhesive and 5-7 parts of phagostimulant.

7. CN201610368401.1 relates to a feed additive for treating bacterial enteritis of cynoglossus semilaevis, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 34-42 parts of pomegranate rind, 22-27 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop herb, 22-27 parts of dwarf lilyturf tuber, 21-26 parts of black tea water extract, 21-26 parts of chrysanthemum water extract, 18-25 parts of kudzuvine flower, 17-26 parts of cactus, 15-24 parts of chicken's gizzard-membrane, 13-20 parts of banana peel, 12-17 parts of common cnidium fruit, 10-15 parts of pineapple, 10-15 parts of garlic, 9-16 parts of emblic leafflower fruit, 8-16 parts of dried orange peel, 7-15 parts of dogwood, 7-14 parts of fennel, 7-14 parts of perilla fruit and the like.

8. CN201510971297.0 relates to a feed additive for preventing and treating plecoglossus altivelis bacterial enteritis, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 32-40 parts of Dongdingtu soil, 24-30 parts of pomegranate peel, 24-30 parts of lawn pennywort herb, 23-30 parts of hawthorn, 22-30 parts of honey locust, 21-28 parts of Chinese gall, 19-27 parts of dwarf lilyturf tuber, 19-27 parts of kudzuvine root, 18-25 parts of manchurian wildginger, 18-26 parts of baical skullcap root, 17-25 parts of Indian buead, 6-14 parts of yeast powder, 8-17 parts of lotus plumule, 8-15 parts of tangerine peel, 4-5 parts of clam powder, 16-26 parts of reed rhizome and the like.

9. CN201510718144.5 relates to a feed additive for preventing lateolabrax japonicus enteritis, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 27-35 parts of pomegranate bark, 22-26 parts of fresh lawn pennywort herb juice, 21-26 parts of shrubalthea bark, 21-25 parts of pimple, 20-25 parts of creeping oxalis, 19-23 parts of dandelion, 18-24 parts of aconitum deworum, 15-23 parts of hawthorn, 14-20 parts of downy groundcherry herb, 14-20 parts of common cnidium fruit, 14-20 parts of lotus plumule, 13-19 parts of maowu bubble root, 12-18 parts of forget-me-not, 12-18 parts of gallnut, 10-18 parts of lophatherum gracile, 11-17 parts of kaempferia galanga, 10-16 parts of blackberry lily and the like.

10. CN201510618320.8 relates to a feed additive for preventing bacterial enteritis of xiphophora rubripes; the invention also relates to a preparation method of the feed additive for preventing the bacterial enteritis of the xiphophorus. The feed additive for preventing bacterial enteritis of the xiphophorus helleri comprises the following components in parts by mass: 28-35 parts of roxburgh rose root water extract, 17-22 parts of lawn pennywort herb juice, 15-21 parts of saxifrage, 15-20 parts of pimple, 14-20 parts of aconitum dewmoreus, 13-20 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 13-20 parts of creeping oxalis, 9-17 parts of downy groundcherry herb, 9-16 parts of shrubalthea bark, 7-13 parts of fish oil, 13-19 parts of dried red nematode powder, 13-19 parts of dried clamworm powder, 5-10 parts of honey and the like.

11. CN201410506880.X relates to a feed additive for preventing and treating enteritis of spotted maigre, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 15-30 parts of malt, 5-15 parts of sophora flower, 10-20 parts of semen boitae, 2-8 parts of semen cuscutae, 5-15 parts of bletilla striata, 10-20 parts of verbena and 4-12 parts of cyrtomium rhizome.

12. CN201310282670.2 relates to a feed additive for preventing and treating enteritis of pike, which is characterized in that raw materials comprise fresh plantain, fresh iron verbena, fresh camphor tree leaves, fresh calamus, humifuse euphorbia herb, dry red-knees herb, purslane, garlic, Chinese brake herb, iron verbena, salt and carrier.

13. CN201910922415.7 discloses a Chinese herbal medicine additive and an artificial compound feed for improving intestinal health of loaches and a preparation method thereof. The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises: 0.01-0.03 part of astragalus root, 0.01-0.03 part of berberine, 0.2-0.3 part of dandelion, 0.01-0.05 part of schisandra fruit, 0.05-0.15 part of medlar, 0.01-0.05 part of dogwood fruit, 0.05-0.1 part of cyrtomium rhizome and 0.05-0.1 part of gardenia.

14. CN201710596078.8 relates to a feed additive for protecting the intestinal health of aquatic animals, which mainly comprises the following raw materials: honeysuckle, astragalus, liquorice, fructus forsythiae, green tea powder, soybean lecithin and solid lactobacillus leavening.

15. CN201510304510.2 discloses a compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for protecting intestinal health of tilapia, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18-25% of astragalus membranaceus, 15-18% of wild chrysanthemum flower, 4-7% of desmodium, 9-15% of ephedra herb, 16-19% of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 20-30% of angelica sinensis and 5% of liquorice.

In the above-mentioned patent publications 1-15, the technical means of compound Chinese herbal medicine is used to relieve intestinal inflammation or improve intestinal health, but the product using compound Chinese herbal medicine is more, but the addition amount is large to dilute the concentration of nutrient substance, which results in reduced nutrient substance intake, and the smell of Chinese herbal medicine is heavy, which is not suitable for eel sensitive to smell, and the problem of smell is also existed when plant essential oil is used.

16. CN201911320825.0 provides a feed additive for preventing and treating enteritis of pikes, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fruit enzyme, 10-20 parts of yeast cell wall, 6-12 parts of carboxymethyl polysaccharide, 0.8-1.5 parts of nucleotide and 18-24 parts of carrier; the fruit ferment is mainly prepared from honey pomelo, kiwi fruit, mulberry and banana by fermenting with composite bacteria, wherein the composite bacteria are bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus.

17. CN201610121052.3 provides a feed additive for preventing tilapia enteritis, which comprises citric acid, bile salt, zeolite powder, sodium chloride, glucose, streptococcus lactis, lactobacillus and bacillus licheniformis, improves the thickness of intestinal mucosa to enhance the nonspecific physical defense function of intestinal tract, inhibits the reproduction of harmful microorganisms in the intestinal tract, promotes the discharge of harmful substances, and improves the capability of fish bodies for resisting the invasion of exogenous pathogenic pests to cause enteritis, thereby preventing tilapia enteritis and death caused by enteritis.

18. CN201510008496.1 provides a compound microbial agent for promoting intestinal health of aquatic animals, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-25% of cultured, concentrated and solidified strain FA08, 10-25% of expanded, concentrated and fixed strain DS31, and the balance of carrier; the carrier is diatomite, zeolite powder or medical stone powder.

19. CN201410617985.2 discloses a compound intestinal health regulator for groupers, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of probiotic powder, 20-25 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 5-10 parts of tributyrin, 15-20 parts of glutamine dipeptide, 10-20 parts of white carbon black and 15-45 parts of defatted rice bran.

20. CN201410505424.3 discloses a compound feed additive with the function of protecting the intestinal health of tilapia and a preparation method thereof, wherein the additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 18.50% of vitamin C, 5.52% of citric acid, 3.12% of phytase, 3.27% of L-glutamine, 0.05% of protein selenium, 0.45% of vitamin E, 0.05% of vitamin A, 1.50% of cellulase, 0.03% of astaxanthin and 67.51% of 50% choline chloride.

21. CN201511014972.7 discloses a feed additive for protecting the health of hybridized snakehead intestines and a preparation method thereof; the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of copper-loaded montmorillonite, 20-30 parts of mannan oligosaccharide, 15-20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 10-15 parts of glutamine dipeptide, 7-12 parts of tributyrin, 5-10 parts of oregano essential oil and 4-8 parts of yeast nucleic acid.

22. CN201310325171.7 discloses an intestinal health regulator for takifugu rubripes and a preparation method thereof, relating to an aquatic feed additive. The intestinal health regulator for the takifugu rubripes comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of butyrin, 40-60% of wall-broken beer yeast powder, 20-40% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 10-20% of defatted rice bran and 100% of the total amount.

In the above 16-22 publications, the technical means of probiotics or fermentation products (including enzyme preparations) are used to relieve intestinal inflammation or improve intestinal health, and the added probiotics or fermentation products (including enzyme preparations) generate or have different contents of amylase, and these products can decompose gelatinized starch when added into eel compound feed, thereby seriously affecting feed dough viscoelasticity, causing the increase of dissolution rate and water pollution (eel compound feed is powdery feed, wherein about 25% of gelatinized starch is contained, a certain proportion of water is added before feeding and stirred into dough shape, and the viscoelasticity is important).

23. CN201811094605.6 discloses an immunopotentiator for improving the intestinal health of grouper and a preparation method of a compound feed thereof. The immunopotentiator comprises 500 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide 300-.

The above-mentioned patent publication 23 uses a substance having a strong antioxidant ability such as astaxanthin, curcumin and the like, but these substances are not water-soluble, so that the utilization efficiency in the body and the speed of functioning are seriously affected.

24. CN202010505732.1 discloses a feed additive for improving intestinal health of animals, which comprises the following main components: 1-2% of carvacrol, 2-3% of cinnamaldehyde, 50% of emulsifier and 45-47% of purified water.

25. CN201911250884.5 provides a regulator for improving intestinal health of micropterus salmoides at the feed transfer stage, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the regulator comprises 5-30% of tea polyphenol, 5-20% of oxidized konjac glucomannan, 20-50% of linseed oil, 10-30% of inulin and 25-40% of a carrier.

26. CN201810006698.6 discloses a feed additive for promoting intestinal health of anoectochilus formosanus, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-20 parts of inositol, 10-20 parts of vitamin C-2-polyphosphate, 10-20 parts of glutamine dipeptide, 10-20 parts of goldthread, 10-20 parts of nucleotide, 5-20 parts of methionine, 5-20 parts of allicin, 5-20 parts of bile acid and 10-20 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

The above-mentioned 24-26 publications use substances having an antioxidant effect, and the main biological effects of the plant extracts (such as carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, inulin, coptis chinensis, etc.) having bacteriostatic or antioxidant ability are not substantially antioxidant and are weak in antioxidant ability.

In addition, relevant researches at home and abroad are integrated to discover that toxic and harmful substances in the red fish meal, particularly histamine, mainly cause the organism to generate excessive free radicals to cause oxidative stress in vivo, further cause liver and intestine damage, reduce the utilization rate of feed, and further inhibit the growth of fish. It can be seen that the inventive products for alleviating the harm of histamine in feed, alleviating intestinal inflammation or improving intestinal health mostly do not fully consider the action path of toxic and harmful substances in the red fish powder.

Furthermore, different fish have different sensitivity to feed histamine (Hodgkin, 2018; Madin et al, 2020), such as rainbow trout, which are relatively tolerant to high levels of feed histamine, and the addition of 10000mg/kg of histamine to the feed does not affect its growth performance (Shiozaki et al, 2004). The patent product of the invention can not improve the toxic action of the feed histamine on the eel.

Therefore, in order to effectively relieve the harm of feed histamine to eel and improve the proportion of red fish meal in eel feed, a special mixed feed additive for effectively improving the oxidation resistance of organisms, eliminating intestinal inflammation, promoting intestinal cell proliferation and liver health needs to be developed from the way or mechanism that toxic harmful substances such as histamine and the like have toxic action on fish; and the addition amount is small, and the odor and viscoelasticity of the eel compound feed cannot be influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a technical scheme of a mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed, wherein each kilogram of the mixed eel feed additive contains:

80-250 g of procyanidine, 20-100 g of macleaya cordata powder, 150-800 g of tributyrin, 50-250 g of bile acid and the balance of carrier.

Further preferred is: the mixed type feed additive for eels contains per kilogram:

100-200 g of procyanidin, 25-90 g of macleaya cordata powder, 250-750 g of tributyrin, 50-200 g of bile acid and the balance of carrier.

150-250 g of procyanidin, 30-100 g of macleaya cordata powder, 300-650 g of tributyrin, 100-150 g of bile acid and the balance of carrier.

Further preferred is: the procyanidine is derived from grape seed extract, wherein the content of procyanidine is not less than 98%; the total content of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in the macleaya cordata powder is 3.75 percent; the content of tributyrin is not less than 45%; the effective content of total bile acid in bile acid product is not less than 50%.

Further preferred is: the carrier is defatted rice bran or flour.

A preparation method of mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed comprises the following processing steps:

the method comprises the following steps: sieving raw materials including procyanidin powder, Macleaya cordata powder, tributyrin powder, bile acid powder and carrier powder to obtain procyanidin powder, Macleaya cordata powder, tributyrin powder, bile acid powder and carrier powder;

step two: uniformly mixing the raw materials of the procyanidine powder, the macleaya cordata powder, the tributyrin powder, the bile acid powder and the carrier powder for 5-10 minutes to obtain a mixture, so as to obtain the eel mixed feed additive.

Further preferred is: the raw material sieving in the step one comprises the following specific steps:

preparing the raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise procyanidin powder, macleaya cordata powder, glyceryl tributyrate powder, bile acid powder and carrier powder;

sieving the procyanidin powder, macleaya cordata powder, tributyrin, bile acid powder and carrier powder with 80 mesh sieve;

the raw materials of the proanthocyanidin, the macleaya cordata powder, the tributyrin, the bile acid and the carrier are obtained after screening.

Further preferred is: the second step comprises the following specific steps:

placing the raw materials of the procyanidine, the macleaya cordata powder, the tributyrin, the bile acid and the carrier into a mixing machine, and mixing for 5-10 minutes to obtain the mixture, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixture is less than 5%.

The application of the mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed comprises the step of adding the feed additive into eel feed according to the mass percent of 0.1-1.0%, wherein the feed additive is the mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed according to any one of claims 1-3.

Further preferred is: the mixed feed additive for eel is added with the mixed feed additive for eel, which is used for improving the proportion of red fish meal in the feed by the mass percentage of 0.2-0.6%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) according to the rule that the toxic and harmful substances of the red fish meal, particularly histamine, generate toxic action on fish bodies, a plurality of bioactive substances which can remove excessive free radicals, improve the oxidation resistance of organisms, eliminate intestinal inflammation and promote the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and liver health are technically integrated by utilizing a multi-level technical means, so that the toxic action of the toxic and harmful substances in the red fish meal on the eels is relieved, and the adding proportion of the red fish meal in the feed is improved.

(2) The mixed eel feed additive prepared by the invention can relieve the harm of toxic and harmful substances of the red fish meal, improve the health conditions of intestinal tracts and liver, improve the proportion of the red fish meal in the eel feed, promote growth, obtain higher economic benefit and meet the green development requirement of eel industry.

(3) The mixed eel feed additive has the characteristics of easily obtained raw materials, moderate cost, small addition amount, safety, effectiveness, no incompatibility or peculiar smell, no influence on the physical properties of compound feed, prominent reduction in feed cost and the like, and has good application prospect;

in addition, the embodiment of the invention proves that the intestinal health condition of eel can be obviously improved by using a proper amount of the mixed feed additive for eel, and the proportion of white fish meal in eel feed replaced by red fish meal is increased.

Detailed Description

According to a large amount of related researches at home and abroad, toxic and harmful substances in the red fish meal, particularly histamine, mainly enable organisms to generate excessive free radicals to cause oxidative stress in the bodies, further cause liver and intestine damage, reduce the utilization rate of feed, and further inhibit the growth of fishes. It can be seen that the main action way of toxic and harmful substances in the red fish meal is not fully considered whether the product is used for relieving the harm of the histamine in the feed or relieving the intestinal inflammation or improving the intestinal health.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the inventors have conducted studies and found a mixed eel feed additive for increasing the proportion of red fish meal in the feed, wherein the mixed eel feed additive comprises, per kg:

In the technical scheme, the procyanidin, the macleaya cordata powder, the tributyrin and the bile acid are integrated and assembled to play a combined effect, so that the harm caused by excessive histamine and other toxic and harmful substances after the red fish meal replaces the white fish meal is relieved to the maximum extent, wherein;

procyanidin is a bioflavonoid substance derived from plants, which is mainly extracted from grape seeds; catechin, epicatechin, or gallic acid constitutes a molecular structural unit thereof, and catechin, epicatechin, or catechin and epicatechin constitute the simplest procyanidin, and are called a dimer, and in addition, a trimer, a tetramer, or the like up to a decamer. Procyanidin structurally belongs to polyhydroxy compounds, is easily oxidized into quinone structures, and releases H in vivo⁺The semi-quinone free radical generated after the reaction can generate a polymer with a structure of catechin and pyrogallol through a nucleophilic addition reaction, and also participates in metabolism of phospholipid and arachidonic acid and protein phosphorylation, so that the lipid is protected from peroxidation damage. Therefore, has strong antioxidant activity. The proper amount of the feed additive can relieve food source and environmental stress by directly removing free radicals and improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes of organisms and the like, thereby improving the health state of the organisms and playing a role in promoting the growth of the organisms. In addition, based on the super-strong antioxidant property, the procyanidin can also exert various biological activities such as blood fat reduction, fatigue resistance, antibacterial activity, cardiovascular protection, aging delay and the like;

the macleaya cordata powder consists of sanguinarine and chelerythrine, is derived from a natural traditional Chinese medicine plant macleaya cordata, and has various biological activities of anti-inflammation, antibiosis, antioxidation and the like. The macleaya cordata powder is used as the only traditional Chinese medicine additive which is allowed to be added to freshwater fishes for a long time and is not set in the drug withdrawal period in the catalog of varieties of medicine feed additives and the use specification issued by the rural ministry of agriculture in China. The prominent anti-inflammatory action of macleaya cordata powder or the main active ingredient thereof is widely reported, and the macleaya cordata powder can interrupt the inflammatory process as an effective inhibitor of intestinal inflammatory reaction so as to play an anti-inflammatory action. The macleaya cordata powder also has strong killing or inhibiting effects on gram-positive bacteria (bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus hemorrhagic, streptococcus agalactiae, candida albicans and streptococcus mutans) and gram-negative bacteria (ralstonia solani, agrobacterium tumefaciens, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella, pasteurella multocida and aeromonas hydrophila). In addition, the compound also has obvious inhibiting effect on fish pathogenic bacteria such as aeromonas salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum and vibrio harveyi. Macleaya cordata powder can also exert an antioxidant effect by inhibiting the production of active oxygen radicals.

The tributyrin is a product obtained by esterifying butyric acid and glycerol, belongs to butyrate, can smoothly pass through the stomach without being decomposed by gastric acid, and is decomposed by lipase in intestinal tracts to release three free butyric acid molecules. Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid present in the intestinal tract and plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal function, intestinal pH, intestinal microecological balance and food calling. However, butyric acid is extremely volatile, is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in the body, has short half-life, and is mostly added in the form of sodium butyrate or tributyrin in the current production practice. However, sodium butyrate is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate and has special odor, and tributyrin has better oral tolerance than sodium butyrate, can directly act on intestinal tracts, has stable physical properties, and is suitable for the production process of processing various feeds. The tributyrin serves as a precursor of butyric acid, has fat fragrance, long slow half-life period of metabolism, safety and no toxic or side effect, plays an important role in promoting healthy development of intestinal tracts of aquatic animals, regulating intestinal flora, accelerating digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, improving immunity of organisms, preventing diseases, regulating metabolism of the organisms and the like, is greatly applied to the actual production process of animal feed, and has an obvious growth promoting effect when being used in fish feed;

the bile acid is a general name of steroid carboxylic acid generated by cholesterol metabolism in the liver and plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of aquatic animal nutrient substances. The bile acid product for feed is mainly prepared from animal bile (such as pig, chicken, goose, cow, sheep, etc.), and can be used as an emulsifier for emulsifying fat and fat-soluble substances in feed into chylomicron, so as to increase total surface area, enlarge contact area of fat and lipase, accelerate decomposition of fat by lipase, and promote digestion and absorption of lipid substances; can activate the lipase and improve the activity of the lipase; can improve fish immunity and reduce endotoxin absorption; certain components in the bile acid can promote liver cells to secrete bile, so that the bile can flow more smoothly, cholestasis is removed, and the effects of protecting liver and benefiting gallbladder are achieved; can interact with intestinal flora in a body, change the composition of the intestinal flora, inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria such as escherichia coli, salmonella, streptococcus coli and the like, and promote the health of intestinal tracts;

the integrated assembly of procyanidine, macleaya cordata powder, tributyrin and bile acid is functionally mutually supplemented and fully matched to play a role from the following four aspects respectively: (1) the grape seed procyanidin which is strong in oxidation resistance, wide in source and good in water solubility is mainly utilized, can be quickly absorbed by organisms to play the biological effect of oxidation resistance in vivo, and reduces excessive free radicals generated by toxic and harmful substances in the red fish meal in intestinal tracts and other tissues together with macleaya cordata powder; (2) the macleaya cordata powder which can block the generation process of intestinal inflammation and has good anti-inflammatory effect is mainly used for relieving inflammatory reaction caused by excessive free radicals which cannot be eliminated, and other raw materials also have certain anti-inflammatory effect; (3) the tributyrin is mainly decomposed into butyric acid in the intestinal tract, so that energy is provided for intestinal epithelial cells, cell proliferation is promoted, and damaged intestinal cells are repaired, so that the health state of the intestinal tract is quickly recovered; (4) bile acid is utilized to protect liver and gallbladder, promote digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, relieve oxidative damage of liver by procyanidine, improve the health of liver and intestine and maintain the normal metabolism of nutrient substances, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the existing products.

The following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached tables.

Example 1:

a mixed feed additive for eel for increasing the proportion of red fish meal in feed is prepared through screening proanthocyanidins 100 g, macleaya cordata powder 25 g, glyceryl tributyrate 400 g, bile acid 150 g and flour 325 g in 80-mesh sieve for 1 kg of mixed feed additive for eel, and mixing in mixer for 5-10 min with uniformity coefficient of variation less than 5%.

Example 2:

a mixed feed additive for eel for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed is prepared by putting 120 g of procyanidine, 30 g of macleaya cordata powder, 500 g of tributyrin, 200 g of bile acid and 150 g of flour which pass through a 80-mesh screen into a mixer for mixing for 5-10 minutes, wherein the variation coefficient of mixing uniformity is less than 5%, and the mixed feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal added in eel feed is obtained.

Example 3:

a mixed feed additive for eel for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed is prepared by putting 200 g of procyanidine, 50 g of macleaya cordata powder, 600 g of tributyrin, 100 g of bile acid and 50 g of flour which pass through a 80-mesh screen into a mixer for mixing for 5-10 minutes, wherein the variation coefficient of mixing uniformity is less than 5%, and the mixed feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal added in eel feed is obtained.

Example 4:

a mixed feed additive for eel for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed is prepared by putting 100 g of procyanidine, 60 g of macleaya cordata powder, 550 g of tributyrin, 90 g of bile acid and 200 g of flour which pass through a 80-mesh screen into a mixer for mixing for 5-10 minutes, wherein the variation coefficient of mixing uniformity is less than 5%, and the mixed feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal added in eel feed is obtained.

Example 5:

a mixed feed additive for eel for increasing the proportion of red fish meal in feed is prepared through screening 80 g of proanthocyanidin, 20 g of macleaya cordata powder, 800 g of tributyrin, 50 g of bile acid and 50 g of flour with 80 meshes, and mixing in mixer for 5-10 min to obtain the mixed feed additive for eel with red fish meal in feed additive proportion less than 5%.

Example 6:

a mixed feed additive for eel for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed is prepared by putting 250 g of procyanidine, 100 g of macleaya cordata powder, 350 g of tributyrin, 250 g of bile acid and 50 g of flour which pass through a 80-mesh screen into a mixer for mixing for 5-10 minutes, wherein the variation coefficient of mixing uniformity is less than 5%, and the mixed feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal added in eel feed is obtained.

Verification test I (namely an effect test of the mixed feed additive for the eels applied in the feed):

it should be noted that: the following parameters adopt Nanjing institute of bioengineering kit to determine blood index and intestinal oxidation resistance related index, and adopt Shanghai Jianglai Biotechnology GmbH kit to determine intestinal inflammatory factor level.

The test fishes are American eel (Anguilla rosea) juvenile 270 tails, the average weight is 12.74 + -0.12 g/tail, the test fishes are randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, namely a white fish meal group, a red fish meal group and an additive group, and the total white fish meal type juvenile eel compound feed, the total red fish meal type juvenile eel compound feed and the total red fish meal type juvenile eel compound feed using the additive (0.3% of the mixed feed additive for eels obtained in example 1 is added) are respectively fed, the proportion of the fish meal in the three groups of eel compound feeds is 68%, and the amine water content of the feed groups is respectively 34mg/kg, 396mg/kg and 393mg/kg (measured by an enzyme colorimetric method, a kit Code61341, a Kikkoman biochemistry Company, Tokyo, Japan); the protein levels of the white fish meal and the red fish meal are the same and are 67.5 percent respectively. Each treatment group had 3 replicates, each replicate 30 fish. The test period was 10 weeks. Feeding the test fish for 2 times every day after being fed with food, calculating growth performance index after the test is finished, and taking blood samples for measuring the levels of D-lactic acid (D-lac) and diamine oxidase (DAO) after dissecting the test fish; intestinal samples were taken for determination of the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; reduced glutathione, GSH; total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) in the intestine. All data are sorted by Excel software, a SPSS22.0 software ANOVA module is used for carrying out one-factor variance analysis, an LSD method is used for carrying out multiple comparison, the result is represented by the Mean value plus or minus standard deviation (Mean plus or minus SD), and P <0.05 represents that the difference between groups is obvious. The results are shown in tables 1, 2, 3 and 4.

As can be seen from Table 1, the test end weight, weight gain ratio, feed intake and feed efficiency of the red fish meal group are significantly lower than those of the white fish meal group (P <0.05), and the indexes of the additive group are significantly higher than those of the red fish meal group (P <0.05) and are close to those of the white fish meal group (P > 0.05). The mixed feed additive for eels obtained in example 1 remarkably improves growth inhibition and feed efficiency reduction caused by the substitution of whole red fish meal for white fish meal of eel feed.

As can be seen from Table 2, the serum DAO activity and D-lac level of the red fish meal group were significantly higher than those of the white fish meal group and the additive group (P <0.05), which were close to those of the white fish meal group (P > 0.05). DAO activity and D-lac levels are important indicators commonly used to determine gut function. Elevated blood DAO activity and D-lac concentrations indicate damage to the intestinal mucosa and changes in permeability. The mixed eel feed additive obtained in example 1 has the effects of remarkably relieving eel intestinal epithelial cell injury caused by feed histamine and maintaining intestinal mucosa barrier integrity.

As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the white fish meal group and the additive group, the intestinal MDA level of the red fish meal group is obviously increased (P <0.05), the T-AOC, CAT activity and GSH level are obviously reduced (P <0.05), and the SOD activity is not obviously changed (P > 0.05). The above indexes were not significantly different between the additive group and the white fish meal group (P > 0.05). The fact that the whole red fish meal compound feed enables the free radical level of the intestinal tract of the fish body to be increased and the oxidation resistance to be reduced is shown, and the mixed eel feed additive obtained in the embodiment 1 is added to effectively relieve the oxidative stress state generated by the intestinal tract.

As can be seen from Table 4, the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha of the intestinal proinflammatory factors in the red fish meal group are remarkably increased (P <0.05), and the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IFN-gamma is remarkably reduced (P <0.05) compared with the white fish meal group and the additive group; the indexes of the white fish meal group and the additive group are close to (P > 0.05). Indicating that the intestinal tract of the red fish meal group is inflamed to a certain extent, the mixed eel feed additive obtained in example 1 can be used for relieving enteritis.

Table 1: table of the effect of the Mixed feed additive for eel obtained in example 1 on the growth performance of young American eel

Note: the difference is obvious when the numerical values of the same row in the table are marked with different lower case letters, and P is less than 0.05; the following tables are all hereby incorporated by reference.

Table 2: table 1 influence of Mixed feed supplement for eel on serum DAO activity and D-lac level of young American eel

Table 3: example 1 Effect of the Mixed feed additive for eel on intestinal antioxidant index of young American eel

Table 4: table of the effect of Mixed feed additive for eel obtained in example 1 on the intestinal inflammatory factor level of young American eel

And a second verification test (a field test effect verification test for applying the mixed feed additive for improving the adding proportion of the red fish meal in the eel feed in the feed):

in a refined culture pond selected from an eel farm in Nanping City of Fujian province, 6 mouths with approximate specification (8.08 + -0.47P, the number of P is the special term of eel, namely the tail number of eel per kg) are selected into two groups, namely a control group and a test group, and the self-prepared young eel compound feed using the additive (the addition level of the mixed feed additive for eel obtained in example 2 in the feed is 0.4 percent), the proportion of red fish meal in the compound feed is 68 percent, and the histamine level of the basic feed is 295mg/kg (measured by an enzyme colorimetric method, the same way above) are respectively fed. The test period was 16 weeks. The basic feed is eel field self-prepared young eel powdery feed, and the main nutrition level is as follows: 46.90% of crude protein, 6.45% of crude fat, 12.84% of crude ash, 6.22% of water, 2.95% of calcium and 2.01% of total phosphorus. The feeding management of the test is consistent with that of other eel ponds in an eel farm, feeding is carried out for 2 times a day, 5% of fish oil is added into feed during feeding, the feeding condition is recorded every day, and the dead fish condition is registered and weighed every day. And (4) weighing the weight of each pool of eel when the test is finished, and calculating the growth performance index. The results of the eel field test are shown in table 5.

Table 5: example 2 field test results of application of the hybrid eel feed additive in the feed for american eels

As can be seen from table 5, the total end weight, weight gain rate and feed efficiency of the american eels of the additive group were significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.05); without significant difference in total inventory and survival (P > 0.05). The product disclosed by the invention has obvious effects of promoting growth and improving feed efficiency when being used in eel feed with high proportion of red fish meal, can also reduce feed cost, and has outstanding economic benefits.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be limited only by the appended claims.

Reference to the literature

The influence of feed histamine level on the growth performance and serum biochemical index of the yellow catfish [ J ] animal nutrition report, 2018,30(7):2581 + 2593.

Influence of feed histamine on growth, intestinal digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant index of young American eel [ J ] feed research 2020,43(3):42-45.

Shiozaki K,Nakano T,Yamaguchi T,et al.The protective effect of stevia extract on the gastric mucosa of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)fed dietary histamine[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,35(15):1421-1428.

Claims

1. A mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed is characterized in that: the mixed type feed additive for eels contains per kilogram:

2. The mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed eel feed additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the mixed type feed additive for eels contains per kilogram:

3. The mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed eel feed additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the mixed type feed additive for eels contains per kilogram:

4. The mixed eel feed additive for increasing the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the procyanidine is derived from grape seed extract, wherein the content of procyanidine is not less than 98%; the total content of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in the macleaya cordata powder is 3.75 percent; the content of tributyrin is not less than 45%; the effective content of total bile acid in bile acid product is not less than 50%.

5. The mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mixed eel feed additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the carrier is defatted rice bran or flour.

6. A preparation method of mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal in feed is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following processing steps:

step two: uniformly mixing the raw materials of the procyanidine powder, the macleaya cordata powder, the tributyrin powder, the bile acid powder and the carrier powder for 5-10 minutes to obtain a mixture, so as to obtain the mixed type feed additive for the eel.

7. The method for preparing mixed eel feed additive for increasing the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the raw material sieving in the step one comprises the following specific steps:

8. The method for preparing mixed eel feed additive for increasing the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the second step comprises the following specific steps:

and (3) placing the raw materials of the procyanidine, the macleaya cordata powder, the tributyrin, the bile acid and the carrier into a mixer, and mixing for 5-10 minutes to obtain the mixture, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixture is less than 5%.

9. The application of the mixed eel feed additive for improving the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed is characterized in that: the feed additive is added into eel feed according to the mass percent of 0.1-1.0%, and the feed additive is the eel mixed feed additive for improving the proportion of red fish meal in the feed according to any one of claims 1-3.

10. The use of the mixed eel feed additive for increasing the proportion of the red fish meal in the feed as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mixed eel feed additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the mixed feed additive for eel is added with the mixed feed additive for eel, which is used for improving the proportion of red fish meal in the feed by the mass percentage of 0.2-0.6%.