CN112237119A - 一种高产量葡萄的种植方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高产量葡萄的种植方法,包括以下步骤:深坑施肥,选坡度小于25°的地块进行种植,坐南朝北开沟,在沟底放入桔梗,铺上农家肥,然后再放入菜籽饼,铺上泥土;移苗定植,选取健壮的葡萄苗,移植到沟中盖上泥土,放养蚯蚓,搭棚架;春季催芽,每隔一天对葡萄树枝喷洒赤霉素和尿素,并对树枝罩上塑料袋,待树枝发芽后取下塑料袋;施肥管理,施农家肥;使用生长素分别在葡萄苗的始花期、幼果期、膨大期叶面均匀喷施;整形修剪;采摘。本发明采用芸苔素内酯乳油和二氢辣椒素的混合物组成生长素,相比于单独加入芸苔素内酯乳油,可以增产15%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及葡萄种植技术领域,尤其涉及一种高产量葡萄的种植方法。
背景技术
葡萄为葡萄科葡萄属木质藤本植物,小枝圆柱形,有纵棱纹,无毛或被稀疏柔毛,叶卵圆形,圆锥花序密集或疏散,基部分枝发达,果实球形或椭圆形,花期4-5月,果期8-9月。葡萄是世界最古老的果树树种之一,葡萄的植物化石发现于第三纪地层中,说明当时已遍布于欧、亚及格陵兰。葡萄原产亚洲西部,世界各地均有栽培,世界各地的葡萄约95%集中分布在北半球。葡萄为著名水果,生食或制葡萄干,并酿酒,酿酒后的酒脚可提酒石酸,根和藤药用能止呕、安胎。
葡萄在正常生长期间必须要有一定强度的光照,但光照太强时特别是葡萄进入硬核期较易发生日灼病,这时可采取套袋或植株留叶时尽量留住能遮住葡萄果实的叶。而日照不足时,易造成开花期花冠脱落不良,受精率低;花芽分化期花芽分化不良,单性果多;生长期植株徒长,节间长。不结果或结单性果;果实膨大期病害及品质不良;成熟期着色不好,糖度下降。
为了提高葡萄产量,提升葡萄品质,本发明提供了一种高产量葡萄的种植方法。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种高产量葡萄的种植方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种高产量葡萄的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
1)深坑施肥,选坡度小于25°的地块进行种植,坐南朝北开沟,深50-60cm,宽60-70cm,在沟底放入10-15cm的桔梗,铺上15-20cm的农家肥,然后再放入3-5cm的菜籽饼,铺上5-8cm的泥土;
2)移苗定植,选取健壮的葡萄苗,移植到沟中盖上泥土,放养蚯蚓,搭1.5-2m高的棚架;
3)春季催芽,在萌芽前1个月,每隔一天对葡萄树枝喷洒20-30mg/L的赤霉素和80-120mg/L的尿素,并对树枝罩上塑料袋,待树枝发芽后取下塑料袋;
4)施肥管理,每亩施农家肥500-600kg;使用生长素分别在葡萄苗的始花期、幼果期、膨大期叶面均匀喷施;
5)整形修剪,定植当年的小苗只留1个壮芽,其余全部抹去,待枝蔓长到50-60cm时进行摘心,当植株成熟时,每年开花后,摘去距离花果50-60cm的枝蔓;
6)采摘。
优选的,所述的步骤A中,所述的农家肥中,还加入氮磷钾复合肥。
进一步优选的,所述的氮磷钾复合肥与农家肥的重量比为1:(3-8)。
优选的,所述的步骤B中,所述的蚯蚓的放养量为2000-3000条/亩。
优选的,所述的步骤D中,所述的生长素为芸苔素内酯乳油和二氢辣椒素的混合物。
进一步优选的,所述的芸苔素内酯乳油浓度为0.01-0.05%。
进一步优选的,所述的芸苔素内酯乳油中二氢辣椒素的加入量为芸苔素内酯重量的0.05-0.12%。
本发明的有益之处在于:本发明提供了一种高产量葡萄的种植方法,包括以下步骤:深坑施肥,选坡度小于25°的地块进行种植,坐南朝北开沟,在沟底放入桔梗,铺上农家肥,然后再放入菜籽饼,铺上泥土;移苗定植,选取健壮的葡萄苗,移植到沟中盖上泥土,放养蚯蚓,搭棚架;春季催芽,每隔一天对葡萄树枝喷洒赤霉素和尿素,并对树枝罩上塑料袋,待树枝发芽后取下塑料袋;施肥管理,施农家肥;使用生长素分别在葡萄苗的始花期、幼果期、膨大期叶面均匀喷施;整形修剪;采摘。本发明采用芸苔素内酯乳油和二氢辣椒素的混合物组成生长素,相比于单独加入芸苔素内酯乳油,可以增产15%以上。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种高产量葡萄的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
1)深坑施肥,选坡度小于25°的地块进行种植,坐南朝北开沟,深50-60cm,宽60-70cm,在沟底放入10-15cm的桔梗,铺上15-20cm的农家肥,然后再放入3-5cm的菜籽饼,铺上5-8cm的泥土;
2)移苗定植,选取健壮的葡萄苗,移植到沟中盖上泥土,放养蚯蚓,搭1.5-2m高的棚架;
3)春季催芽,在萌芽前1个月,每隔一天对葡萄树枝喷洒25mg/L的赤霉素和88mg/L的尿素,并对树枝罩上塑料袋,待树枝发芽后取下塑料袋;
4)施肥管理,每亩施农家肥550kg;使用生长素分别在葡萄苗的始花期、幼果期、膨大期叶面均匀喷施;
5)整形修剪,定植当年的小苗只留1个壮芽,其余全部抹去,待枝蔓长到50-60cm时进行摘心,当植株成熟时,每年开花后,摘去距离花果50-60cm的枝蔓;
6)采摘。
所述的步骤A中,所述的农家肥中,还加入氮磷钾复合肥;所述的氮磷钾复合肥与农家肥的重量比为1:5。
所述的步骤B中,所述的蚯蚓的放养量为2500条/亩。
所述的步骤D中,所述的生长素为芸苔素内酯乳油和二氢辣椒素的混合物;所述的芸苔素内酯乳油浓度为0.035%;所述的芸苔素内酯乳油中二氢辣椒素的加入量为芸苔素内酯重量的0.08%。
实施例2
一种高产量葡萄的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
1)深坑施肥,选坡度小于25°的地块进行种植,坐南朝北开沟,深50-60cm,宽60-70cm,在沟底放入10-15cm的桔梗,铺上15-20cm的农家肥,然后再放入3-5cm的菜籽饼,铺上5-8cm的泥土;
2)移苗定植,选取健壮的葡萄苗,移植到沟中盖上泥土,放养蚯蚓,搭1.5-2m高的棚架;
3)春季催芽,在萌芽前1个月,每隔一天对葡萄树枝喷洒30mg/L的赤霉素和80mg/L的尿素,并对树枝罩上塑料袋,待树枝发芽后取下塑料袋;
4)施肥管理,每亩施农家肥600kg;使用生长素分别在葡萄苗的始花期、幼果期、膨大期叶面均匀喷施;
5)整形修剪,定植当年的小苗只留1个壮芽,其余全部抹去,待枝蔓长到50-60cm时进行摘心,当植株成熟时,每年开花后,摘去距离花果50-60cm的枝蔓;
6)采摘。
所述的步骤A中,所述的农家肥中,还加入氮磷钾复合肥;所述的氮磷钾复合肥与农家肥的重量比为1:3。
所述的步骤B中,所述的蚯蚓的放养量为3000条/亩。
所述的步骤D中,所述的生长素为芸苔素内酯乳油和二氢辣椒素的混合物;所述的芸苔素内酯乳油浓度为0.01%;所述的芸苔素内酯乳油中二氢辣椒素的加入量为芸苔素内酯重量的0.12%。
实施例3
一种高产量葡萄的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
1)深坑施肥,选坡度小于25°的地块进行种植,坐南朝北开沟,深50-60cm,宽60-70cm,在沟底放入10-15cm的桔梗,铺上15-20cm的农家肥,然后再放入3-5cm的菜籽饼,铺上5-8cm的泥土;
2)移苗定植,选取健壮的葡萄苗,移植到沟中盖上泥土,放养蚯蚓,搭1.5-2m高的棚架;
3)春季催芽,在萌芽前1个月,每隔一天对葡萄树枝喷洒20mg/L的赤霉素和120mg/L的尿素,并对树枝罩上塑料袋,待树枝发芽后取下塑料袋;
4)施肥管理,每亩施农家肥500kg;使用生长素分别在葡萄苗的始花期、幼果期、膨大期叶面均匀喷施;
5)整形修剪,定植当年的小苗只留1个壮芽,其余全部抹去,待枝蔓长到50-60cm时进行摘心,当植株成熟时,每年开花后,摘去距离花果50-60cm的枝蔓;
6)采摘。
所述的步骤A中,所述的农家肥中,还加入氮磷钾复合肥;所述的氮磷钾复合肥与农家肥的重量比为1:8。
所述的步骤B中,所述的蚯蚓的放养量为2000条/亩。
所述的步骤D中,所述的生长素为芸苔素内酯乳油和二氢辣椒素的混合物;所述的芸苔素内酯乳油浓度为0.05%;所述的芸苔素内酯乳油中二氢辣椒素的加入量为芸苔素内酯重量的0.05%。
对比例1
将实施例1中的二氢辣椒素去除,其余配比和种植方法不变。
以下对实施例1-3和对比例1种植的葡萄产量进行检测,得到如下测试结果。
表1:实施例1-3和对比例1种植的葡萄产量对比测试数据;
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | |
葡萄产量kg | 1981 | 1972 | 1975 | 1702 |
由以上测试数据可以知道,本发明的葡萄的种植方法,由于在生长素中加入了二氢辣椒素,可以增产15%以上。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种高产量葡萄的种植方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)深坑施肥,选坡度小于25°的地块进行种植,坐南朝北开沟,深50-60cm,宽60-70cm,在沟底放入10-15cm的桔梗,铺上15-20cm的农家肥,然后再放入3-5cm的菜籽饼,铺上5-8cm的泥土;
2)移苗定植,选取健壮的葡萄苗,移植到沟中盖上泥土,放养蚯蚓,搭1.5-2m高的棚架;
3)春季催芽,在萌芽前1个月,每隔一天对葡萄树枝喷洒20-30mg/L的赤霉素和80-120mg/L的尿素,并对树枝罩上塑料袋,待树枝发芽后取下塑料袋;
4)施肥管理,每亩施农家肥500-600kg;使用生长素分别在葡萄苗的始花期、幼果期、膨大期叶面均匀喷施;
5)整形修剪,定植当年的小苗只留1个壮芽,其余全部抹去,待枝蔓长到50-60cm时进行摘心,当植株成熟时,每年开花后,摘去距离花果50-60cm的枝蔓;
6)采摘。
2.如权利要求1所述的高产量葡萄的种植方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤A中,所述的农家肥中,还加入氮磷钾复合肥。
3.如权利要求2所述的高产量葡萄的种植方法,其特征在于,所述的氮磷钾复合肥与农家肥的重量比为1:(3-8)。
4.如权利要求1所述的高产量葡萄的种植方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤B中,所述的蚯蚓的放养量为2000-3000条/亩。
5.如权利要求1所述的高产量葡萄的种植方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤D中,所述的生长素为芸苔素内酯乳油和二氢辣椒素的混合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的高产量葡萄的种植方法,其特征在于,所述的芸苔素内酯乳油浓度为0.01-0.05%。
7.如权利要求5所述的高产量葡萄的种植方法,其特征在于,所述的芸苔素内酯乳油中二氢辣椒素的加入量为芸苔素内酯重量的0.05-0.12%。
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