CN112096401A - Spiral laser drilling reaming process method - Google Patents
Spiral laser drilling reaming process method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112096401A CN112096401A CN202010810433.9A CN202010810433A CN112096401A CN 112096401 A CN112096401 A CN 112096401A CN 202010810433 A CN202010810433 A CN 202010810433A CN 112096401 A CN112096401 A CN 112096401A
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- laser
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- drilling
- drill bit
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1073—Making by using boring or cutting machines applying thermal energy, e.g. by projecting flames or hot gases, by laser beams
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/01—Methods or apparatus for enlarging or restoring the cross-section of tunnels, e.g. by restoring the floor to its original level
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a spiral laser drilling reaming process method, namely a method for gradually enlarging a laser hole by combining laser spots with a certain size by continuously performing spiral motion by utilizing the motion flexibility of a laser drill bit after the laser hole is formed by melting and gasifying at a fixed point by laser. The method is applied to laser drilling machine equipment, and the laser drilling machine comprises a laser generating device, an auxiliary device, a laser drill bit motion control device, a gas circulation system and a laser drill bit. The method comprises the following specific steps: adjusting laser process parameters and gas process parameters according to rock stratum conditions; planning a laser spiral motion track; drilling a laser hole at a laser fixed point; the laser drill carries out spiral motion on the laser hole to complete hole expansion; and repeating the steps to finish the large-hole drilling. The spiral laser drilling reaming process method provided by the invention overcomes the problems that the hole diameter of the laser fixed-point drilling is small and the drilling hole diameter requirement cannot be met, has high hole diameter size precision, is simple and convenient to operate, and is easy to realize automatic drilling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser drilling processes, in particular to a spiral laser drilling reaming process method.
Background
The laser drilling machine becomes a research hotspot in the drilling field due to the characteristics of high efficiency, low pollution, easy automation and the like, but is influenced by the development of a high-power laser, and is applied to actual drilling for a long time, so that the corresponding drilling process is lacked. The method overcomes the problems that the hole diameter of the laser fixed-point drilling is small and the drilling hole diameter requirement cannot be met, has high hole diameter size precision, is simple and convenient to operate and is easy to realize automatic drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spiral laser drilling reaming process method aiming at the problems that the prior laser is not applied to the field of actual drilling and the corresponding drilling process is quite lack.
A spiral laser drilling reaming process method is applied to laser drilling machine equipment;
the laser drilling machine comprises a laser generating device, an auxiliary device, a laser drill bit motion control device, a gas circulation system and a laser drill bit;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting laser process parameters and gas process parameters according to the rock stratum condition;
s2, planning the spiral motion track of the laser drill bit according to the total area of the required hole expansion and the rock stratum condition, and comprising the following steps: a start point of rotation, a radius and a number of rotations;
s3, the laser drill uses the laser to fix the point at the rotation starting point and drill a laser hole as the rotation starting point;
s4, performing spiral motion on the laser from the laser hole according to the motion track planned by S2 to complete hole expansion;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4 until the large hole drilling is completed.
Furthermore, the laser generating device is arranged outside the well and connected with the laser drill bit through an optical fiber, and the laser generating device generates a laser beam which is transmitted to the laser drill bit moving device through the optical fiber;
the laser drill bit is arranged at the tail end of a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm or a sliding rail multi-coordinate-axis sliding table of a laser drill bit motion control device, and free motion of spatial position and posture can be realized;
the laser drill bit motion control device is arranged on a movable trolley base with adjustable height;
the gas circulation system comprises a gas generating device, a gas pipeline, a gas nozzle and a gas path system, and mainly plays a role in cleaning holes, the gas generating device is connected with the gas nozzle through the gas pipeline, and the gas nozzle is arranged around the laser drill bit;
the gas generating device generates high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas is conveyed to the gas nozzle through a gas pipeline, then the high-pressure gas is conveyed into the hole through the gas path system, and a laser drilling product is discharged out of the hole;
the auxiliary device comprises a safety protection facility and a man-machine interaction facility.
Further, the specific step of S1 is: uniformly adjusting the laser process parameters and the gas process parameters on the interface of a control system of the laser drilling machine;
the laser process parameters specifically include: laser energy density power, laser spot size, defocusing amount, irradiation time and modulation frequency;
the gas process parameters specifically include: high pressure gas species, gas pressure, flow rate, coaxial or paraxial to the laser beam, jet direction, and surrounding manner.
Further, the specific operation of step S3 is: and keeping the laser drill bit still, continuously irradiating the rotation starting point by the laser drill bit within a preset time, and obtaining an access hole by utilizing laser ablation.
Further, in step S4, the laser drill motion control device controls the laser drill to perform a spiral motion according to the planned trajectory; in the spiral movement process, the gas generating device generates gas, the gas is conveyed through a gas pipeline, impurities in the drilling process are removed or heat dissipation is carried out, and finally hole expansion is completed;
when the laser drill bit performs spiral motion in the step S4, the laser spot is in contact with or covers a part of the laser-ablated hole, so that the rock in the hole is completely melted and gasified, and the hole expansion is completed.
Furthermore, the method fully considers the mismatching of the laser spot and the drilling size, and after the laser fixed point melts the gasified rock stratum to form a drill hole, the drill bit continues to make spiral motion, and the size of the laser spot is combined to gradually enlarge the aperture. The laser melting gasification rock irradiates the rock with high-energy laser, so that the temperature of the rock is instantly increased to a melting point or a gasification point or even higher, and the rock is broken, melted or gasified, thereby forming a hole.
Further, the high-energy laser beam is transmitted to a laser drill bit through an optical fiber, the laser drill bit is mounted on a robot or a slide rail to realize space motion, the space motion can be in spiral motion or other arbitrary curvilinear motion, and aperture expansion is realized by combining light spots with certain sizes.
Furthermore, the size of the light spot can be adjusted within a certain range, the laser energy density is high when the light spot is small, the rock is quickly gasified by melting, and the groove is deeper; when the light spot is larger, the laser energy density is low, but the rock stratum irradiation range is wide, and the shallow hole drilling rate is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spiral laser drilling reaming process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a spiral laser drilling reaming process method of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for drilling and reaming a hole by using a spiral laser, which includes a laser hole 1 drilled at a fixed point by using a high-power laser beam and a spiral laser track 2 gradually enlarged.
When laser drilling is carried out, the laser drill bit emits high-power laser, and gasified rock can be instantly melted to form a hole. The drill bit continues to make spiral motion around the periphery of the laser hole 1 drilled at the fixed point, so that the gasified rock stratum can be gradually melted outwards, and the hole diameter is enlarged.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spiral laser drilling reaming process method, including the following steps:
s1, adjusting laser process parameters and gas process parameters according to the rock stratum condition;
the laser process parameters specifically include: laser energy density power, laser spot size, defocusing amount, irradiation time and modulation frequency;
the gas process parameters specifically include: gas type, gas pressure, flow rate, coaxial or paraxial to the laser beam, jet direction, and ambient.
S2, planning the spiral motion track of the laser drill bit according to the total area of the hole expansion and the rock stratum condition, comprising: start of rotation, radius and number of revolutions;
s3, the laser drill uses the laser to fix the point at the rotation starting point and drill a laser hole as the rotation starting point;
the specific operation is as follows: and keeping the laser drill bit still, continuously irradiating the rotary starting point by the laser drill bit within a preset time, and obtaining a laser hole by utilizing laser ablation.
S4, performing spiral motion on the laser from the laser hole according to the motion track planned by S2 to complete hole expansion;
in step S4, the laser drill motion control device controls the laser drill to perform a spiral motion according to the planned trajectory; in the spiral movement process, the gas generating device generates gas, the gas is conveyed through a gas pipeline, impurities in the drilling process are removed or heat dissipation is carried out, and finally hole expansion is completed;
when the laser drill bit performs spiral motion in the step S4, the laser spot is in contact with or covers a part of the laser-ablated hole, so that the rock in the hole is completely melted and gasified, and the hole expansion is completed.
S5, repeating the steps S1-S4 until the large hole drilling is completed.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the positions of the devices in the drawings and the positions of the devices relative to each other, and are used for the sake of clarity and convenience in technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A spiral laser drilling reaming process method is applied to laser drilling machine equipment and is characterized in that:
the laser drilling machine comprises a laser generating device, an auxiliary device, a laser drill bit motion control device, a gas circulation system and a laser drill bit;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting laser process parameters and gas process parameters according to the rock stratum condition;
s2, planning the spiral motion track of the laser drill bit according to the total area of the required hole expansion and the rock stratum condition, and comprising the following steps: a start point of rotation, a radius and a number of rotations;
s3, the laser drill uses the laser to fix the point at the rotation starting point and drill a laser hole as the rotation starting point;
s4, performing spiral motion on the laser from the laser hole according to the motion track planned by S2 to complete hole expansion;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4 until the large hole drilling is completed.
2. The spiral laser drilling reaming process method of claim 1, wherein:
the laser generating device is arranged outside the well and connected with the laser drill bit through an optical fiber, and generates a laser beam which is transmitted to the laser drill bit motion control device through the optical fiber;
the laser drill bit is arranged at the tail end of a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm or a sliding rail multi-coordinate-axis sliding table of a laser drill bit motion control device, and free motion of spatial position and posture can be realized;
the laser drill bit motion control device is arranged on a movable trolley base with adjustable height;
the gas circulation system comprises a gas generating device, a gas pipeline, a gas nozzle and a gas path system, and mainly plays a role in cleaning holes, the gas generating device is connected with the gas nozzle through the gas pipeline, and the gas nozzle is arranged around the laser drill bit;
the gas generating device generates high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas is conveyed to the gas nozzle through a gas pipeline, then the high-pressure gas is conveyed into the hole through the gas path system, and a laser drilling product is discharged out of the hole;
the auxiliary device comprises a safety protection facility and a man-machine interaction facility.
3. The spiral laser drilling reaming process method of claim 1, wherein:
the specific steps of S1 are: uniformly adjusting the laser process parameters and the gas process parameters on the interface of a control system of the laser drilling machine;
the laser process parameters specifically include: laser energy density power, laser spot size, defocusing amount, irradiation time and modulation frequency;
the gas process parameters specifically include: high pressure gas species, gas pressure, flow rate, coaxial or paraxial to the laser beam, jet direction, and surrounding manner.
4. The spiral laser drilling reaming process method of claim 1, wherein:
the specific operation of step S3 is: and keeping the laser drill bit still, continuously irradiating the rotation starting point by the laser drill bit within a preset time, and obtaining an access hole by utilizing laser ablation.
5. The spiral laser drilling reaming process method of claim 1, wherein:
in step S4, the laser drill motion control device controls the laser drill to perform a spiral motion according to a planned trajectory; in the spiral movement process, the gas generating device generates gas, the gas is conveyed through a gas pipeline, impurities in the drilling process are removed or heat dissipation is carried out, and finally hole expansion is completed;
when the laser drill bit performs spiral motion in the step S4, the laser spot is in contact with or covers a part of the laser-ablated hole, so that the rock in the hole is completely melted and gasified, and the hole expansion is completed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010810433.9A CN112096401A (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2020-08-13 | Spiral laser drilling reaming process method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010810433.9A CN112096401A (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2020-08-13 | Spiral laser drilling reaming process method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112096401A true CN112096401A (en) | 2020-12-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010810433.9A Pending CN112096401A (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2020-08-13 | Spiral laser drilling reaming process method |
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Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3977478A (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1976-08-31 | The Unites States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Method for laser drilling subterranean earth formations |
| CN101610643A (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2009-12-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method of processing blind hole by laser |
| CN102322216A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-01-18 | 东北石油大学 | Laser drilling device |
| CN203081295U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Downhole laser auxiliary rock-breaking drilling rig |
| CN103790515A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油大学(北京) | New method for radial well drilling by means of laser |
| CN104499943A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Laser drill bit, laser drilling tool and drilling and rock breaking method |
| CN104563885A (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Laser aided rock-breaking fixed gear drill bit |
| CN106437633A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-02-22 | 武汉大学 | Shale gas mining device and method with combination of lasers and water jet technologies |
| CN106761805A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | Laser full face rock tunnel boring machine cutterhead design method |
| CN106837176A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of laser rock fragmenting method and apparatus for drilling well |
| CN210639173U (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-05-29 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Laser rock breaking experimental device |
| US20200217199A1 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2020-07-09 | Arcbyt, Inc. | Tunneling for underground power and pipelines |
-
2020
- 2020-08-13 CN CN202010810433.9A patent/CN112096401A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3977478A (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1976-08-31 | The Unites States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Method for laser drilling subterranean earth formations |
| CN101610643A (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2009-12-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method of processing blind hole by laser |
| CN102322216A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-01-18 | 东北石油大学 | Laser drilling device |
| CN203081295U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Downhole laser auxiliary rock-breaking drilling rig |
| CN104563885A (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Laser aided rock-breaking fixed gear drill bit |
| CN103790515A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油大学(北京) | New method for radial well drilling by means of laser |
| CN104499943A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Laser drill bit, laser drilling tool and drilling and rock breaking method |
| US20200217199A1 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2020-07-09 | Arcbyt, Inc. | Tunneling for underground power and pipelines |
| CN106437633A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-02-22 | 武汉大学 | Shale gas mining device and method with combination of lasers and water jet technologies |
| CN106761805A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | Laser full face rock tunnel boring machine cutterhead design method |
| CN106837176A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of laser rock fragmenting method and apparatus for drilling well |
| CN210639173U (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-05-29 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Laser rock breaking experimental device |
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Application publication date: 20201218 |