CN112065234A - 一种防火防爆门的制作工艺 - Google Patents
一种防火防爆门的制作工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112065234A CN112065234A CN202010725200.9A CN202010725200A CN112065234A CN 112065234 A CN112065234 A CN 112065234A CN 202010725200 A CN202010725200 A CN 202010725200A CN 112065234 A CN112065234 A CN 112065234A
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- CN
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- Prior art keywords
- flame
- retardant
- proof
- fireproof
- explosion
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 25
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种防火防爆门的制作工艺,属于防火门技术领域。本申请的防火防爆门的制作工艺包括如下步骤:1)将木质门骨架在阻燃浸渍液中浸渍,取出,烘干,制得浸渍门骨架;2)在浸渍门骨架的一侧粘结防火板层并使浸渍门骨架与防火板层对应表面围成了填充空间,然后在填充空间内设置阻燃材料并形成第一阻燃层,然后在第一阻燃层上设置芯材并形成芯层,然后在芯层上设置阻燃材料并形成第二阻燃层;然后再在浸渍门骨架的另一侧粘结防火板层;所述芯材包括珍珠岩,所述阻燃材料包括二氧化硅气凝胶;3)在浸渍门骨架两侧的防火板层的外表面粘结阻燃密度板,压制,即得。本申请制得的防火防爆门质量轻,具有良好的防火防爆性能。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及防火门技术领域,尤其是涉及一种防火防爆门的制作工艺。
背景技术
近年来,随着高层建筑的消防标准的提高,防火门在建筑物中的使用越来越广泛。防火门是在一定时间内能够满足耐火稳定性、完整性和隔热性要求的门,主要用于建筑防火分区的防火墙开口、楼梯间出入口、疏散走道、管道井口等处,平常用于人员通行,在发生火灾时可阻止火焰蔓延。由于不同的应用领域对防火门的性能要求不尽相同,因此,目前市面上出现了各种各样的功能性防火门,如具有防爆性能的防火门,能够降低火灾发生时爆燃、***造成的损失。
申请公布号为CN108194000A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种特殊的防火门,包括钢质的门框和门扇及控制器,门扇中嵌有防火玻璃,门扇由外到内依次为防爆板、第一支撑骨架、防火玻璃、第二支撑骨架和防火隔音板,第一支撑骨架内填充有防火涂料层,第二支撑骨架内填充有防火胶泥层,门框包括门框主体和门框扣边,门框主体与所述门框扣边之间为点焊接结构,门框扣边内填充隔热材料。该防火门的门扇采用了多层结构,包括支撑骨架、防火玻璃和防火隔音板,支撑骨架中也填充有防火材料,并在最外层设置了防爆板,使得防火门在具有防火性能的同时还具有防爆性能。
但是,目前的防爆板大多采用钢制板材,依靠高强度的材料来抵抗冲击力,这种钢制防爆板重量较大而且在遇火后容易发生变形,在出现火灾时容易导致防火门打开困难。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种防火防爆门的制作工艺,该工艺制得的防火防爆门质轻、遇火不易变形。
本申请的上述发明目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种防火防爆门的制作工艺,包括如下步骤:
1)将木质门骨架在阻燃浸渍液中浸渍,取出,烘干,制得浸渍门骨架;
2)在浸渍门骨架的一侧粘结防火板层并使浸渍门骨架与防火板层对应表面围成了填充空间,然后在填充空间内设置阻燃材料并形成第一阻燃层,然后在第一阻燃层上设置芯材并形成芯层,然后在芯层上设置阻燃材料并形成第二阻燃层;然后再在浸渍门骨架的另一侧粘结防火板层;所述芯材包括珍珠岩,所述阻燃材料包括二氧化硅气凝胶;
3)在浸渍门骨架两侧的防火板层的外表面粘结阻燃密度板,压制,即得。
通过采用上述技术方案,本申请的防火防爆门在制备时,在门扇的芯层两侧分别设置阻燃层,芯层包括珍珠岩材料,而阻燃层包括二氧化硅气凝胶材料,大大降低了防火门的重量,而且二氧化硅气凝胶在遇火时,不易发生变形,也提高了防火防爆门的整体稳定性。二氧化硅气凝胶材料能够对瞬间冲击力进行很好的吸收和缓冲,大大提高了防火防爆门的防爆性能。
本申请进一步设置为:所述芯材由包括如下步骤的方法制得:将珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、粘结剂混合均匀,加入模具,压制,脱模即得。
通过采用上述技术方案,防火防爆门的芯材采用的珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁均具有较好的耐火性能,而且质量非常轻,在保证足够的防火性能的基础上,进一步降低了防火防爆门的重量。将这些原料与粘结剂混合后压制,能够通过粘结剂将这些原料牢固地粘结在一起,减少了防火防爆门在使用过程中出现的珍珠岩颗粒等的脱落现象,减少了由于珍珠岩等颗粒分布不均匀造成的防火性能下降。
本申请进一步设置为:所述珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、粘结剂的质量比为70-80:15-20:10-15:30-40。
通过采用上述技术方案,本申请的珍珠岩在芯材中所占的比例较高,可以充分利用珍珠岩的低密度特点,进一步降低防火防爆门的重量。硫酸镁的加入量较少,可以在保证芯板具有良好的力学性能的同时,利用硫酸镁提高芯板的加工性能,便于切割成不同形状的板材,以填充进防火门骨架的不同形状的填充空间内。
本申请进一步设置为:将珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、粘结剂混合均匀时还加入了硼酸锌,硼酸锌与珍珠岩的质量比为5-10:70-80。
通过采用上述技术方案,在芯板的材料中加入了硼酸锌,在遇火高温条件下,能够生成玻璃态的氧化硼无机膨胀涂层,填充在其他颗粒的间隙中或者附着在其他颗粒表面,阻止烟雾的扩散。
本申请进一步设置为:所述阻燃材料由包括如下步骤的方法制得:
S1.将硅源、乙醇、水、氢氟酸混合反应10-20min,得到溶胶材料;所述硅源为四甲氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种;
S2.将溶胶材料静置老化,得到凝胶材料;
S3.将凝胶材料进行超临界干燥,即得。
通过采用上述技术方案,本申请的阻燃材料采用硅源与乙醇、氢氟酸等进行反应,生成溶胶材料,然后再处理得到凝胶材料,最终制得的含硅的气凝胶材料密度极低,但是由于气凝胶中的气体近乎静止,很难进行气体对流传热,而且这种方法制得的二氧化硅气凝胶的纳米网格结构中的复杂弯曲孔也对热传递有良好的阻断作用,具有非常强的防火性能。而其复杂的网格结构也能够充分提供瞬间冲击力的缓冲空间,提高了阻燃材料的抗冲击性能,进而提高了防火门的防爆性能。
本申请进一步设置为:硅源、乙醇、水、氢氟酸的质量比为10-15:50-80:1-3:1-2,氢氟酸的质量分数为40-49%。
通过采用上述技术方案,乙醇的量较多,能够促使硅源在反应时,硅源中的烷氧基尽可能彻底地被乙醇中的羟基取代,提高了反应的转化率,进而保证了最终生成的气凝胶材料中二氧化硅气凝胶的纯度,提高了气凝胶材料的均匀程度,使其具有均匀稳定的力学性能。本申请采用的氢氟酸的浓度较高,可以进一步提高反应的转化率。另外,通过实际实验发现,上述比例的反应物反应时具有较高的反应效率。
本申请进一步设置为:步骤S2中将溶胶材料与阻燃纤维混合均匀,再进行所述静置老化;所述阻燃纤维为硅酸铝纤维、氧化锆纤维中的任意一种。
通过采用上述技术方案,在制得溶胶材料后,将溶胶材料与阻燃纤维进行混合,这样使得溶胶材料与阻燃纤维充分混合均匀,然后进行静置老化,得到阻燃纤维被溶胶材料包裹的复合材料,最终制得的气凝胶材料为二氧化硅气凝胶与阻燃纤维的复合物,具有更好的防火性能和抗冲击性能。
本申请进一步设置为:阻燃纤维与硅源的质量比为3.5-5:10-15。
通过采用上述技术方案,阻燃纤维能够被生成的溶胶材料充分包裹,并使生成的二氧化硅气凝胶材料与纤维分散得更加均匀,进而使最终生成的二氧化硅气凝胶与纤维的复合材料的抗冲击性能达到最佳状态并且在受到较大冲击力时不易开裂。
本申请进一步设置为:将溶胶材料与阻燃纤维混合前先用氨水调节溶胶材料的pH为7-10。
通过采用上述技术方案,通过氨水调节溶胶材料的pH为碱性,有利于后期凝胶材料的生成,缩短了凝胶材料生成的时间。而且用氨水调节体系pH后,也减弱了对后续加入的纤维的腐蚀作用,保证了纤维的完整性。
本申请进一步设置为:阻燃浸渍液包括如下重量份数的组分:磷酸铝20-30份、聚磷酸铵10-15份、磷酸200-300份。
通过采用上述技术方案,浸渍液中加入了磷酸铝、聚磷酸铵,可以在浸渍过程中充分渗透入木质门骨架的木材纹理中并可以附着在木质门骨架表面,使木质门骨架具有良好的防火性能。磷酸的加入可以与磷酸铝形成结构较为复杂的复合物,在木质门骨架上的附着力更强。
综上所述,本申请的有益技术效果为:
1.本申请的防火防爆门的制作工艺中,将木质门骨架在阻燃浸渍液中进行浸渍后,木质门骨架具有良好的防火性能,在浸渍后的木质门骨架内的填充空间内填充设置层状的填充材料,其中位于两侧的阻燃层中含有二氧化硅气凝胶材料,二氧化硅气凝胶材料除了具有良好的隔热阻燃性能,还具有良好的缓冲吸收冲击力的能力,大大提高了防火防爆门的防爆性能。对于防火门来说,防火材料已经占据了较大的空间,很难采用厚度特别厚的防爆板,而采用较薄的防爆板容易导致防火门的防爆性能下降,本申请利用二氧化硅气凝胶材料的缓冲性能来提高防火门的抗冲击能力,采用较薄的气凝胶材料即可具有较好的防爆性能。而且二氧化硅气凝胶材料质量轻,也不会对防火防爆门的重量有较多的提高,提高了防火防爆门的整体性能。
2.本申请的防火防爆门的制作工艺中,二氧化硅气凝胶生成过程中,在得到溶胶材料后,加入了阻燃纤维,将纤维与溶胶材料充分均匀混合在一起,最终制得二氧化硅气凝胶与纤维的复合材料,进一步提高了阻燃层的防火性能和抗冲击性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细说明。
本申请的防火防爆门的制作工艺包括如下步骤:
1)将木质门骨架在阻燃浸渍液中浸渍,取出,烘干,制得浸渍门骨架;
2)在浸渍门骨架的一侧粘结防火板层并使浸渍门骨架与防火板层对应表面围成了填充空间,然后在填充空间内设置阻燃材料并形成第一阻燃层,然后在第一阻燃层上设置芯材并形成芯层,然后在芯层上设置阻燃材料并形成第二阻燃层;然后再在浸渍门骨架的另一侧粘结防火板层;所述芯材包括珍珠岩,所述阻燃材料包括二氧化硅气凝胶;
3)在浸渍门骨架两侧的防火板层的外表面粘结阻燃密度板,压制,即得。
芯材可以由珍珠岩和粘结剂以质量比70-80:30-40混合均匀后加入模具中压制得到。芯材为板状材料。优选的,芯材由包括如下步骤的方法制得:将珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、粘结剂混合均匀,加入模具,压制,脱模即得。珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、粘结剂的质量比为70-80:15-20:10-15:30-40。上述两种方式压制时的压力为5-10MPa。压制时间为10-15min。进一步优选的,将珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、粘结剂混合均匀时还加入了硼酸锌,硼酸锌与珍珠岩的质量比为5-10:70-80。上述粘结剂为脲醛树脂胶、水玻璃中的任意一种。乙醇采用无水乙醇。珍珠岩的粒度为80-200目。优选的,珍珠岩的粒度为120目或200目。
阻燃材料可以采用二氧化硅气凝胶粉末也可以采用含有二氧化硅气凝胶的复合材料。阻燃材料可以与粘结剂混合粘结制成阻燃层,也可以采用片状的阻燃材料,用粘结剂粘结在防火板表面或芯层表面。
优选的,阻燃材料由包括如下步骤的方法制得:
S1.将硅源、乙醇、水、氢氟酸混合反应10-20min,得到溶胶材料;所述硅源为四甲氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种;
S2.将溶胶材料静置老化,得到凝胶材料;
S3.将凝胶材料进行超临界干燥,即得。
步骤S1中,硅源、乙醇、水的质量比为10-15:50-80:1-3:1-2,氢氟酸的质量分数为40-49%。优选的,氢氟酸的质量分数为40%。将硅源、乙醇、水、氢氟酸混合反应是先将硅源、乙醇、水混合均匀,然后再加入氢氟酸混合反应。
硅源中,按照二氧化硅计算,硅含量为25-30%,优选的,硅含量为28%。
木质门骨架浸渍的时间为30-50min。优选的,浸渍时间为45min。浸渍后,在60-80℃下干燥10-20min。优选的,在70℃干燥20min。干燥为热风干燥。
进一步优选的,步骤S2中将溶胶材料与阻燃纤维混合均匀,再进行所述静置老化;所述阻燃纤维为硅酸铝纤维、氧化锆纤维中的任意一种。步骤S2中静置老化后得到的凝胶材料加入模具中,压制得到薄板状或片状材料,然后再将该薄板状或片状材料进行所述超临界干燥。阻燃纤维与硅源的质量比为3.5-5:10-15。
步骤S2中静置老化的时间为8-24h。
将溶胶材料与阻燃纤维混合前先用氨水调节溶胶材料的pH为7-10。优选的,将溶胶材料与阻燃纤维混合前先用氨水调节溶胶材料的pH为7-8。进一步优选的,调节溶胶材料的pH为8。
木质门骨架阻燃浸渍液包括如下重量份数的组分:磷酸铝20-30份、聚磷酸铵10-15份、磷酸200-300份。优选的,阻燃浸渍液包括如下重量份数的组分:磷酸铝25-30份、聚磷酸铵10-15份、磷酸280-300份。进一步优选的,阻燃浸渍液还包括5-8重量份的偏硼酸胺,优选的,阻燃浸渍液包括6重量份的偏硼酸胺。优选的,磷酸的质量分数为10-15%。
超临界干燥是以乙醇为干燥介质,在240-270℃、6-8MPa下进行超临界干燥。优选的,超临界干燥的温度为250℃,压强为6MPa。超临界干燥的时间为4-25h。优选的,干燥时间为6-10h。进一步优选的,干燥时间为6h。
阻燃密度板为阻燃中密度纤维板。
本申请公开一种防火防爆门的制作工艺。
实施例1
本实施例的防火防爆门的制作工艺包括如下步骤:
1)将15kg四甲氧基硅烷、80kg乙醇溶液、3kg水搅拌混合均匀,然后加入1.5kg质量分数为45%的氢氟酸,搅拌反应20min,制得溶胶材料;
将制得的溶胶材料在静置老化24h,制得凝胶材料;
将制得的凝胶体加入高压釜中,以乙醇为干燥介质,在245℃、8MPa下进行超临界干燥得到二氧化硅气凝胶;冷却,粉碎得到二氧化硅气凝胶粉;
将珍珠岩与脲醛树脂胶搅拌混合均匀,然后加入板材模具中,加压至5MPa保压15min,脱模,得到板状芯材;珍珠岩与脲醛树脂胶的质量比为80:35。
2)加工木质门骨架,木质门骨架包括两根纵梁和四根横梁,两根纵梁平行设置,四根横梁垂直于纵梁设置,横梁的两端固定在纵梁上,其中两根横梁分别设置在纵梁的两端,另外两根横梁设置在中间,整个木质门骨架呈“目”字形状。纵梁和横梁的宽度为12cm,厚度为8cm,使得木质门骨架的厚度为8cm。
将木质门骨架放入阻燃浸渍液中,浸渍30min,将木质门骨架取出,80℃热风干燥10min,得到浸渍门骨架。阻燃浸渍液由如下重量份数的原料混合而成:磷酸铝20份、聚磷酸铵10份、磷酸200份。磷酸的质量分数为10%。
将浸渍门骨架平放,在其纵梁、横梁的上表面上涂刷脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结上一层防火板,防火板为玻镁防火板,厚度为0.5cm。粘结后,在浸渍门骨架内部内部形成了填充空间,具体的,纵梁和对应的横梁的内侧壁以及防火板的相应表面围成了三个填充空间。
将浸渍门骨架翻转,在每一个填充空间的底面(即对应的防火板表面)上刷涂一层脲醛树脂胶,然后将步骤1)制得的二氧化硅气凝胶粉加入填充空间,摊平,形成一层厚度大约为1cm的粉料层,然后压制,使其形成一层厚度大约为0.5cm的阻燃层。二氧化硅气凝胶粉需要依靠脲醛树脂胶来粘结,因此在填充二氧化硅气凝胶粉前刷涂的脲醛树脂胶的量稍大,使其在防火板表面的厚度大约达到2-3mm左右。阻燃层形成后,在阻燃层表面刷涂一层脲醛树脂胶,然后将步骤1)制得的板状芯材放入填充空间内进行粘结,板状芯材的厚度大约为7cm。
在放入填充空间的板状芯材的上表面刷涂脲醛树脂胶,然后摊铺一层步骤1)中制得的二氧化硅气凝胶,摊平后形成一层厚度大约为1cm的粉料层,然后在门骨架上表面(即门骨架当前状态的纵梁和横梁的上表面)上刷涂脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结上一层防火板(玻镁防火板),整体压制,制得门芯;
在制得的门芯的两个表面刷涂脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结阻燃中密度纤维板,以1MPa的压力压制1min,然后用80℃热风干燥10min,即得。
实施例2
本实施例的防火防爆门的制作工艺包括如下步骤:
1)将10kg甲基三甲氧基硅烷、50kg乙醇溶液、1kg水搅拌混合均匀,然后加入1.5kg质量分数为40%的氢氟酸,搅拌反应10min,用氨水调节pH为7,制得溶胶材料;
将制得的溶胶材料与3.5kg硅酸铝纤维混合均匀,然后静置老化12h,制得凝胶混合物;
将制得的凝胶混合物加入模具中,压制得到薄板状材料,厚度约为0.5cm,然后将薄板状材料加入高压釜中,以乙醇为干燥介质,在260℃、6MPa下进行超临界干燥、冷却得到二氧化硅气凝胶复合阻燃材料;
将珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁与水玻璃按照质量比70:20:10:40搅拌混合均匀,然后加入板材模具中,加压至10MPa保压10min,脱模,得到板状芯材。
2)加工木质门骨架,木质门骨架包括两根纵梁和四根横梁,两根纵梁平行设置,四根横梁垂直于纵梁设置,横梁的两端固定在纵梁上,其中两根横梁分别设置在纵梁的两端,另外两根横梁设置在中间,整个木质门骨架呈“目”字形状。纵梁和横梁的宽度为12cm,厚度为8cm,使得木质门骨架的厚度为8cm。
将木质门骨架放入阻燃浸渍液中,浸渍50min,将木质门骨架取出,60℃热风干燥20min,得到浸渍门骨架。阻燃浸渍液由如下重量份数的原料混合而成:磷酸铝30份、聚磷酸铵15份、磷酸300份。磷酸的质量分数为15%。
在浸渍门骨架平放,在其纵梁、横梁的上表面上涂刷脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结上一层防火板,防火板为玻镁防火板,厚度为0.5cm。粘结后,在浸渍门骨架内部内部形成了填充空间,具体的,纵梁和对应的横梁的内侧壁以及防火板的相应表面围成了三个填充空间。
将浸渍门骨架翻转,在每一个填充空间的底面(即对应的防火板表面)上刷涂一层脲醛树脂胶,然后将步骤1)制得的复合阻燃材料裁切为与填充空间尺寸一致的片材,然后粘结在填充空间的底面上,然后在复合阻燃材料上表面刷涂一层脲醛树脂胶,然后将步骤1)制得的板状芯材放入填充空间内粘结在复合阻燃材料表面,板状芯材的厚度大约为7cm。
在放入填充空间的板状芯材的上表面刷涂脲醛树脂胶,然后再粘结一层步骤1)制得的复合阻燃材料;然后在门骨架上表面(即门骨架当前状态的纵梁和横梁的上表面)上刷涂脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结上一层防火板材(玻镁防火板),整体压制,制得门芯;
在制得的门芯的两个表面刷涂脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结阻燃中密度纤维板,以2MPa的压力压制0.5min,然后用70℃热风干燥15min,即得。
实施例3
本实施例的防火防爆门的制作工艺包括如下步骤:
1)将15kg乙基三乙氧基硅烷、75kg乙醇溶液、2kg水搅拌混合均匀,然后加入2kg质量分数为40%的氢氟酸,搅拌反应15min,用氨水调节pH为8,制得溶胶材料;
将制得的溶胶材料与5kg氧化锆纤维混合均匀,然后静置老化8h,制得凝胶混合物;
将制得的凝胶混合物加入模具中,压制得到薄板状材料,厚度约为0.5cm,然后将薄板状材料加入高压釜中,以乙醇为干燥介质,在250℃、6MPa下进行超临界干燥、冷却得到二氧化硅气凝胶复合阻燃材料;
将珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、硼酸锌、水玻璃按照质量比80:15:10:5:30搅拌混合均匀,然后加入板材模具中,加压至8MPa保压12min,脱模,得到板状芯材。
2)加工木质门骨架,木质门骨架包括两根纵梁和四根横梁,两根纵梁平行设置,四根横梁垂直于纵梁设置,横梁的两端固定在纵梁上,其中两根横梁分别设置在纵梁的两端,另外两根横梁设置在中间,整个木质门骨架呈“目”字形状。纵梁和横梁的宽度为12cm,厚度为8cm,使得木质门骨架的厚度为8cm。
将木质门骨架放入阻燃浸渍液中,浸渍45min,将木质门骨架取出,70℃热风干燥20min,得到浸渍门骨架。阻燃浸渍液由如下重量份数的原料混合而成:磷酸铝25份、聚磷酸铵10份、偏硼酸胺6份、磷酸280份。磷酸的质量分数为10%。
在浸渍门骨架平放,在其纵梁、横梁的上表面上涂刷水玻璃,然后粘结上一层防火板,防火板为玻镁防火板,厚度为0.5cm。
粘结后,在浸渍门骨架内部内部形成了填充空间,具体的,纵梁和对应的横梁的内侧壁以及防火板的相应表面围成了三个填充空间。
将浸渍门骨架翻转,在每一个填充空间的底面(即对应的防火板表面)上刷涂一层水玻璃,然后将步骤1)制得的复合阻燃材料裁切为与填充空间尺寸一致的片材,然后粘结在填充空间的底面上,然后在复合阻燃材料上表面刷涂一层水玻璃,然后将步骤1)制得的板状芯材放入填充空间内粘结在复合阻燃材料表面,板状芯材的厚度大约为7cm。
在放入填充空间的板状芯材的上表面刷涂水玻璃,然后再粘结一层步骤1)制得的复合阻燃材料;然后在门骨架上表面(即门骨架当前状态的纵梁和横梁的上表面)上刷涂水玻璃,然后粘结上一层防火板材(玻镁防火板),整体压制,制得门芯;
在制得的门芯的两个表面刷涂脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结阻燃中密度纤维板,以1MPa的压力压制1min,然后用80℃热风干燥10min,即得。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例3的不同之处在于,阻燃浸渍液中偏硼酸胺的重量份数为8份。
对比例
本对比例的防火防爆门的制作工艺包括如下步骤:
1)将珍珠岩与脲醛树脂胶搅拌混合均匀,然后加入板材模具中,加压至5MPa保压15min,脱模,得到板状芯材;珍珠岩与脲醛树脂胶的质量比为80:35。
2)加工木质门骨架,木质门骨架包括两根纵梁和四根横梁,两根纵梁平行设置,四根横梁垂直于纵梁设置,横梁的两端固定在纵梁上,其中两根横梁分别设置在纵梁的两端,另外两根横梁设置在中间,整个木质门骨架呈“目”字形状。纵梁和横梁的宽度为12cm,厚度为8cm,使得木质门骨架的厚度为8cm。
将木质门骨架放入阻燃浸渍液中,浸渍30min,将木质门骨架取出,80℃热风干燥10min,得到浸渍门骨架。阻燃浸渍液由如下重量份数的原料混合而成:磷酸铝20份、聚磷酸铵10份、磷酸200份。磷酸的质量分数为10%。
将浸渍门骨架平放,在其纵梁、横梁的上表面上涂刷脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结上一层防火板,防火板为玻镁防火板,厚度为0.5cm。粘结后,在浸渍门骨架内部内部形成了填充空间,具体的,纵梁和对应的横梁的内侧壁以及防火板的相应表面围成了三个填充空间。
将浸渍门骨架翻转,在每一个填充空间的底面(即对应的防火板表面)上刷涂一层脲醛树脂胶,然后将步骤1)制得的板状芯材放入填充空间内进行粘结,板状芯材的厚度大约为8cm。然后在门骨架上表面(即门骨架当前状态的纵梁和横梁的上表面)上刷涂脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结上一层防火板材,整体压制,制得门芯;
在制得的门芯的两个表面刷涂脲醛树脂胶,然后粘结阻燃中密度纤维板,以1MPa的压力压制1min,然后用80℃热风干燥10min,即得。
试验例
取实施例1-4及对比例的防火防爆门的制作工艺制得的防火防爆门,测试其密度,并根据GB12955-2015《防火门》,测试其防火等级和开启力,根据GB/T7633-2008《门和卷帘的耐火试验方法》,测试其耐火完整性,测试结果如表1所示。在防火防爆门的中心取样(10cm*10cm),在压力试验机上试验其开裂压力,试验结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1-4及对比例制得的防火防爆门性能测试结果
由表1可知,本申请的防火防爆门的制作工艺制得的防火防爆门密度小,开启方便,具有非常高的防火等级,不仅具有良好的耐火完整性,还具有非常好的耐火隔热性,本申请的防火防爆门的制作工艺制得的防火防爆门防爆性能好,在承受较大冲击力时不易开裂。
Claims (10)
1.一种防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)将木质门骨架在阻燃浸渍液中浸渍,取出,烘干,制得浸渍门骨架;
2)在浸渍门骨架的一侧粘结防火板层并使浸渍门骨架与防火板层对应表面围成了填充空间,然后在填充空间内设置阻燃材料并形成第一阻燃层,然后在第一阻燃层上设置芯材并形成芯层,然后在芯层上设置阻燃材料并形成第二阻燃层;然后再在浸渍门骨架的另一侧粘结防火板层;所述芯材包括珍珠岩,所述阻燃材料包括二氧化硅气凝胶;
3)在浸渍门骨架两侧的防火板层的外表面粘结阻燃密度板,压制,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述芯材由包括如下步骤的方法制得:将珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、粘结剂混合均匀,加入模具,压制,脱模即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、粘结剂的质量比为70-80:15-20:10-15:30-40。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:将珍珠岩、氧化镁、硫酸镁、粘结剂混合均匀时还加入了硼酸锌,硼酸锌与珍珠岩的质量比为5-10:70-80。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述阻燃材料由包括如下步骤的方法制得:
S1.将硅源、乙醇、水、氢氟酸混合反应10-20min,得到溶胶材料;所述硅源为四甲氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种;
S2.将溶胶材料静置老化,得到凝胶材料;
S3.将凝胶材料进行超临界干燥,即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:硅源、乙醇、水、氢氟酸的质量比为10-15:50-80:1-3:1-2,氢氟酸的质量分数为40-49%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤S2中将溶胶材料与阻燃纤维混合均匀,再进行所述静置老化;所述阻燃纤维为硅酸铝纤维、氧化锆纤维中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:阻燃纤维与硅源的质量比为3.5-5:10-15。
9.根据权利要求8所述的防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:将溶胶材料与阻燃纤维混合前先用氨水调节溶胶材料的pH为7-10。
10.根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的防火防爆门的制作工艺,其特征在于:阻燃浸渍液包括如下重量份数的组分:磷酸铝20-30份、聚磷酸铵10-15份、磷酸200-300份。
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CN115609717A (zh) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-17 | 广东永盛消防器材有限公司 | 一种复合木质防火门的制作方法 |
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CN110900770A (zh) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-24 | 郑州赋安防火门有限公司 | 一种木质防火门的制备方法及木质防火门 |
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