CN111896138A - Long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic Raman optical fiber sensing device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of distributed optical fiber sensing, and discloses a long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic Raman optical fiber sensing device which comprises a chaotic laser, wherein the chaotic laser emitted by the chaotic laser is modulated into a pulse chaotic signal and then is divided into two paths through a wavelength division multiplexer, one path of chaotic laser enters a sensing optical fiber through an optical fiber Bragg grating and then is subjected to spontaneous Raman scattering to generate spontaneous Raman scattering light, and the other path of chaotic laser is detected by a second photoelectric detector; the pumping laser output by the Raman laser is input from the other end of the sensing fiber through the optical isolator to form a random fiber laser, the spontaneous Raman scattering light in the sensing fiber is randomly amplified, the amplified spontaneous Raman scattering light is detected by the first photoelectric detector, and the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are collected by the high-speed data collection card and connected with the computer. The invention can effectively solve the problem that the existing distributed sensing technology cannot simultaneously consider the increase of the spatial resolution and the extension of the sensing distance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of distributed optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic Raman optical fiber sensing device.
Background
The distributed optical fiber sensing technology has the advantages of long monitoring distance, high spatial resolution, fast response time, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of petroleum industry, electric power systems, civil engineering, aerospace, military industry and the like.
At present, distributed sensing technologies based on optical fibers are mainly classified into distributed optical fiber brillouin sensing technologies and distributed optical fiber raman sensing technologies. The distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology is based on the fact that the frequency of an optical signal in an optical fiber is modulated by temperature information along the optical fiber, when the external temperature changes, the system monitors the temperature change of the system according to Brillouin frequency shift quantity, and the sensing distance is relatively short (Chinese patent: CN 201910477926.2). The distributed optical fiber Raman sensing technology is used for realizing distributed temperature measurement along an optical fiber by utilizing an optical time domain reflection principle and combining a temperature effect of Raman scattering light. The structure is simpler than the distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology, however, due to the bandwidth limitation and the phonon service life influence, the improvement of the spatial resolution limits the sensing distance. Therefore, both the distributed fiber brillouin sensing technology and the pure distributed fiber raman sensing technology have the problem that the spatial resolution and the sensing distance cannot be compatible.
Based on this, in order to overcome the defect that the two distributed sensing technologies cannot simultaneously consider improvement of spatial resolution and extension of sensing distance, the invention discloses a distributed chaotic raman optical fiber sensing device and method with long distance and high spatial resolution, which utilize low coherence of chaos and long sensing distance of a random optical fiber laser to obviously improve the sensing capability of a system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and solves the technical problems that: the distributed chaotic Raman optical fiber sensing device with the long distance and the high spatial resolution is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic Raman optical fiber sensing device comprises a chaotic laser, a pulse signal generator, an electro-optical modulator, a wavelength division multiplexer, an optical fiber Bragg grating, a sensing optical fiber, an optical isolator, a Raman laser, an optical filter, a first photoelectric detector, a high-speed data acquisition card, a computer and a second photoelectric detector;
the chaotic laser emitted by the chaotic laser is modulated into a pulse chaotic signal by the electro-optic modulator, and then is divided into two paths by the wavelength division multiplexer, wherein one path of the chaotic laser passes through the fiber Bragg grating and enters the sensing fiber to generate spontaneous Raman scattering light, and the other path of the chaotic laser is detected by the second photoelectric detector; the pumping laser output by the Raman laser is input from the other end of the sensing optical fiber after passing through the optical isolator; the Raman laser, the optical isolator, the sensing optical fiber and the fiber Bragg grating form a random fiber laser which is used for randomly amplifying spontaneous Raman scattering light in the sensing optical fiber, the amplified spontaneous Raman scattering light is detected by the first photoelectric detector after passing through the wavelength division multiplexer and the optical filter, and electric signals output by the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are collected by the high-speed data collection card and then are sent to the computer; the fiber Bragg grating is used for reflecting the residual pump laser and enabling the residual pump laser to return to the random laser to continuously participate in the chaotic laser amplification process.
The central wavelength of the Raman laser is 180-220 nm smaller than that of the chaotic laser, the central reflection wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating is equal to that of the Raman laser, and the reflectivity of one side of the fiber Bragg grating, which is close to the sensing fiber, is larger than 90%.
The length of the sensing optical fiber is 60 km.
The central wavelength of the chaotic laser is 1550nm, the central reflection wavelength of the optical fiber Bragg grating is 1365nm, the reflectivity of one side of the chaotic laser, which is close to the sensing optical fiber, is 95%, and the central wavelength of the Raman laser is 1365 nm.
The wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer is as follows: left: 1550nm/1450 nm; and (3) right: 1450nm/1550 nm.
And the computer is used for carrying out correlation peak analysis and demodulating to obtain temperature information along the sensing optical fiber according to the electric signals output by the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector.
Compared with the distributed optical fiber sensing device in the prior art, the distributed chaotic Raman optical fiber sensing device with long distance and high spatial resolution has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the device adopts the chaotic laser, and the spatial resolution can be obviously improved due to the characteristics of low coherence and large bandwidth of the chaotic laser.
2. The device adopts a random fiber laser structure, can amplify the optical power of spontaneous Raman scattering optical signals, and further amplifies the optical power while improving the pumping utilization rate due to the existence of the fiber Bragg grating, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of output signals is higher, and the sensing distance can be effectively expanded.
Therefore, the invention can effectively solve the problem that the existing distributed sensing technology cannot simultaneously consider the increase of the spatial resolution and the extension of the sensing distance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic raman optical fiber sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a chaotic laser 1, a pulse signal generator 2, an electro-optic modulator 3, a wavelength division multiplexer 4, a fiber Bragg grating 5, a sensing fiber 6, an optical isolator 7, a Raman laser 8, an optical filter 9, a first photoelectric detector 10, a high-speed data acquisition card 11, a computer 12 and a second photoelectric detector 13.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic raman optical fiber sensing device, including a chaotic laser 1, a pulse signal generator 2, an electro-optical modulator 3, a wavelength division multiplexer 4, an optical fiber bragg grating 5, a sensing optical fiber 6, an optical isolator 7, a raman laser 8, an optical filter 9, a first photodetector 10, a high-speed data acquisition card 11, a computer 12, and a second photodetector 13; the chaotic laser 1 emits chaotic laser which is modulated into a pulse chaotic signal by the electro-optical modulator 3, then the chaotic laser is divided into two paths by the wavelength division multiplexer 4, one path of the chaotic laser passes through the fiber Bragg grating 5 and then enters the sensing fiber 6 to generate spontaneous Raman scattering light, and the other path of the chaotic laser is detected by the second photoelectric detector 13; the pumping laser output by the Raman laser 8 is input from the other end of the sensing optical fiber 6 after passing through the optical isolator 7; the Raman laser 8, the optical isolator 7, the sensing fiber 6 and the fiber Bragg grating 5 form a random fiber laser, and the random fiber laser is used for randomly amplifying spontaneous Raman scattering light in the sensing fiber 6, the amplified spontaneous Raman scattering light is detected by the first photoelectric detector 10 after passing through the wavelength division multiplexer 4 and the optical filter 9, and the optical filter 9 is used for filtering stray light in the optical filter. The electrical signals output by the first photodetector 10 and the second photodetector 13 are collected by a high-speed data acquisition card 11 and then sent to a computer 12.
Further, in this embodiment, the central wavelength of the chaotic laser 1 is 1550nm, the central reflection wavelength of the fiber bragg grating 5 is 1365nm, the reflectivity of the side of the fiber bragg grating close to the sensing fiber 6 is 95%, and the central wavelength of the raman laser 8 is 1365 nm. The wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer 4 is: left: 1550nm/1450 nm; and (3) right: 1450nm/1550 nm. And, the left 1550nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer 4 is connected with the output end of the electro-optical modulator 3, the left 1450nm port is connected with the optical filter 9, the right 1450nm port is connected with the fiber bragg grating 5, and the right 1550nm port is connected with the second photoelectric sensor 13. Through the wavelength division multiplexer 4, not only can the transmission of 1550nm chaotic laser to the sensing optical fiber 6 and to the second photoelectric detector 13 be realized, but also the output and detection of 1450nm Raman laser in the sensing optical fiber can be realized. Specifically, in this embodiment, the sensing fiber 6 has a length of 60km, so that long-distance temperature sensing can be realized.
Further, in this embodiment, the output chaotic laser wavelength of the chaotic laser 1 may also be other values, but the central wavelength of the raman laser 8 should be 180 to 220nm shorter than the central wavelength of the chaotic laser 1, that is, the wavelength of the raman laser 8 should be 80 to 120nm shorter than the wavelength of the raman anti-stokes light generated by the chaotic laser in the sensing fiber, so as to meet the wavelength requirement of the random fiber laser, and further randomly amplify the raman anti-stokes light in the sensing fiber. In addition, in this embodiment, the central reflection wavelength of the raman scattering fiber bragg grating 5 is equal to the central wavelength of the raman laser 8, and the reflectivity of the side of the raman scattering fiber bragg grating close to the sensing fiber 6 is greater than 90%. The fiber bragg grating 5 can reflect the residual pump laser output by the raman laser 8, so that the residual pump laser returns to the random laser to continuously participate in the chaotic laser amplification process.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the computer 12 is configured to perform correlation peak analysis according to the electrical signals output by the first photodetector 10 and the second photodetector 13, and demodulate to obtain temperature information along the sensing optical fiber 6.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the bandwidth of the chaotic laser output by the chaotic laser is large, which is a characteristic of chaotic output light, and the bandwidth of the chaotic laser output can reach about 10 GHz. Because the relevant peak of the chaotic laser is very narrow, the spatial resolution of the system can be obviously improved. In this embodiment, the sampling rate of the high-speed data acquisition card 9 is 100 MHz.
According to the stimulated raman scattering theory, the following relationship is given:
wherein,E（ω p ，z）,E（ω s ，z) Respectively represent the intensity of the output light of the raman laser 8 (pump light intensity) and the difference between the intensities of the pump light and the seed light output by the raman laser 8 (i.e., stokes light intensity);ω p ，ω s respectively representing a pump light frequency and a stokes light frequency;n p ，n s respectively representing the refractive index corresponding to the pump light and the refractive index corresponding to the Stokes light;zrepresenting the length of the optical fiber;χ（ω s ) Represents the polarizability; λ represents a wavelength; g represents a gain; i represents an imaginary number; the real part of the whole equation reflects the phase change and the imaginary part reflects the intensity change.
Represents a dielectric constant: c represents the speed of light;
represents a frequency width of the optical wave;
represents the frequency of any light;
indicating the wavelength width of the light wave. Simultaneous calculation formulas (1) to (5) give: the central wavelength of the Raman laser 8 is 100 nm smaller than that of the seed light as the optimal solution; therefore, in this embodiment, the wavelength of the raman laser 8 is 80 to 120nm shorter than the wavelength of the raman anti-stokes light generated by the chaotic laser in the sensing fiber, and the raman anti-stokes light generated by the chaotic laser can be randomly amplified.
According to the theory of light propagation in optical fibers, there are:
wherein,P（z) Representing the variation of optical power along the fiber;P 0 represents the power of the input fiber;α p represents the attenuation of the optical power of the input optical fiber;zindicating the length of the optical fibre；αRepresenting the attenuation caused by the entire fiber. And (4), (6) and (7) are combined, and the optimal solution of the length of the sensing optical fiber 6 can be calculated by combining the finally required power output range. In the embodiment, the length of the sensing optical fiber is 60km, so that amplified output and detection of Raman anti-Stokes light generated by the output chaotic laser can be realized, and the sensing distance of the distributed chaotic Raman optical fiber sensing device is increased.
The working principle of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the chaotic laser 1 with larger bandwidth outputs light with the central wavelength of 1550nm, the light passes through the electro-optical modulator 3 and is modulated into pulse chaotic light by the pulse signal generator 2, after passing through the wavelength division multiplexer 4, one part of the light enters the sensing optical fiber 6 through the fiber Bragg grating 5 to generate spontaneous Raman scattering effect, spontaneous Raman scattering light is generated, and the other part of the light reaches the high-speed data acquisition card 11 after being detected by the second photoelectric detector 13 to acquire a time sequence signal.
Wherein the Raman laser 8, the optical isolator 7, the sensing fiber 6 and the fiber Bragg grating 5 form a random fiber laser, and the spontaneous Raman scattering light with the central wavelength of 1450nm is amplified by the random fiber laser in the sensing fiber 6. Specifically, the light output from the raman laser 8 with the center wavelength of 1365nm reaches the sensing fiber 6 through the optical isolator 7, and interacts with the spontaneous raman scattered light with the center wavelength of 1450nm to obtain the amplified spontaneous raman scattered light with the center wavelength of 1450 nm. And the remaining pump light with the central wavelength of 1365nm is reflected by the fiber Bragg grating 5 and continues to participate in the amplification process.
The amplified spontaneous raman scattering light with the central wavelength of 1450nm passes through the fiber bragg grating 5, enters the optical filter 9 after passing through the wavelength division multiplexer 4, enters the first photoelectric detector 10 after noise is filtered, converts an optical signal into an electrical signal, displays and processes the electrical signal by using the high-speed data acquisition card 11, and inputs the electrical signal into the computer 12 for correlation peak analysis.
The specific demodulation temperature process is as follows:
maintaining the sensing fiber 6 at a known temperatureT 0 Next, the intensity of Raman backscattered light having a central wavelength of 1450nm at the L point of the sensor fiber 6 at this time was measured
Comprises the following steps:
intensity of Raman backscattered light having a center wavelength of 1450nm at L point at any temperature T
Can be expressed as:
comparing the formula (8) with the formula (9), the temperature information of the L point in the sensing optical fiber can be demodulated:
wherein, KasIs a coefficient related to the cross section of the scattering end of the fiber, S is the backscattering factor of the fiber,v as the frequency of spontaneous raman scattered light with a central wavelength of 1450nm,Φ e representing the flux of pulsed laser light coupled into the fiber,R as （T 0 ）、R as （T) H, k are the Planckian constant and Boltzmann constant, respectively, ΔvThe amount of raman frequency shift for the fiber is 13.2 THz,α 0 、α s the attenuation coefficients of incident light and spontaneous Raman scattered light with the central wavelength of 1450nm under the unit length of the optical fiber are respectively, and L represents the position in the sensing optical fiber, so that the temperature along the sensing optical fiber 4 can be obtained by demodulation of the calculation unit through a formula (10).
In summary, the invention provides a distributed chaotic raman fiber sensing device with long distance and high spatial resolution, and the chaotic laser is adopted, so that the spatial resolution can be obviously improved due to the characteristics that the chaotic laser has large bandwidth and extremely narrow related peaks. Moreover, the device adopts a random fiber laser structure, the optical power of the spontaneous Raman scattering optical signal can be amplified, and the existence of the fiber Bragg grating improves the pumping utilization rate and simultaneously further amplifies the optical power, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal is higher, and the sensing distance can be effectively expanded. Therefore, the invention can effectively solve the problem that the existing distributed sensing technology cannot simultaneously consider the increase of the spatial resolution and the extension of the sensing distance.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic Raman fiber sensing device is characterized by comprising a chaotic laser (1), a pulse signal generator (2), an electro-optical modulator (3), a wavelength division multiplexer (4), a fiber Bragg grating (5), a sensing fiber (6), an optical isolator (7), a Raman laser (8), an optical filter (9), a first photoelectric detector (10), a high-speed data acquisition card (11), a computer (12) and a second photoelectric detector (13);
the chaotic laser emitted by the chaotic laser (1) is modulated into a pulse chaotic signal by an electro-optical modulator (3), then is divided into two paths by a wavelength division multiplexer (4), one path enters a sensing optical fiber (6) through an optical fiber Bragg grating (5) and then generates spontaneous Raman scattering light, and the other path is detected by a second photoelectric detector (13); the pumping laser output by the Raman laser (8) is input from the other end of the sensing optical fiber (6) after passing through the optical isolator (7); the Raman laser (8), the optical isolator (7), the sensing optical fiber (6) and the fiber Bragg grating (5) form a random fiber laser, the random fiber laser is used for randomly amplifying spontaneous Raman scattering light in the sensing optical fiber (6), the amplified spontaneous Raman scattering light is detected by a first photoelectric detector (10) after passing through a wavelength division multiplexer (4) and an optical filter (9), and electric signals output by the first photoelectric detector (10) and a second photoelectric detector (13) are collected by a high-speed data collection card (11) and then are sent to a computer (12); the fiber Bragg grating (5) is used for reflecting the residual pumping laser and enabling the residual pumping laser to return to the random laser to continuously participate in the chaotic laser amplification process.
2. The long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic raman fiber sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the central wavelength of the raman laser (8) is 180 to 220nm shorter than the central wavelength of the chaotic laser (1), the central reflection wavelength of the fiber bragg grating (5) is equal to the central wavelength of the raman laser (8), and the reflectivity of the side of the fiber bragg grating close to the sensing fiber (6) is greater than 90%.
3. A long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic raman optical fiber sensing device according to claim 1, wherein said sensing optical fiber (6) is 60km long.
4. The long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic raman optical fiber sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the central wavelength of the chaotic laser (1) is 1550nm, the central reflection wavelength of the optical fiber bragg grating (5) is 1365nm, the reflectivity of the side of the chaotic laser close to the sensing optical fiber (6) is 95%, and the central wavelength of the raman laser (8) is 1365 nm.
5. The long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic raman optical fiber sensing device according to claim 4, wherein the wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer is: left: 1550nm/1450 nm; and (3) right: 1450nm/1550 nm.
6. The long-distance high-spatial-resolution distributed chaotic raman optical fiber sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the computer (12) is configured to perform correlation peak analysis and demodulate temperature information along the sensing optical fiber (6) according to the electrical signals output by the first photodetector (10) and the second photodetector (13).
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