Inclined shaft blasting particle size control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydropower and hydraulic engineering and civil defense engineering, particularly belongs to the technical field of ultra-deep slow dip inclined shaft excavation blasting, and particularly relates to a particle size control blasting method for an ultra-deep slow dip inclined shaft.
Background
Inclined shafts are designed and arranged more and more in the fields of hydropower engineering and civil defense engineering, the inclined angle of the inclined shaft meeting the requirements of escape passages and cable laying is gradually reduced, and the inclined angle of more than 6 degrees and less than or equal to 48 degrees is generally called as a slow-inclination inclined shaft; the inclined shaft slag chute is greatly influenced by the inclination angle, the blasting particle size and the size of the slag chute, the inclined shaft slag chute with the slow inclination angle is limited by the performance of mechanical equipment and construction conditions, and most of the slag chutes are slag chutes with the construction diameter of 1.4m of a raise boring machine.
The control of blasting particle size and blasting mode are very important, and the common inclined shaft with slow dip angle adopts a forward one-time excavation mode and a tank climbing method for construction, so that construction safety risk, occupational health and construction efficiency cannot be guaranteed, and even a safety accident caused by well blockage occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a method for controlling the blasting particle size of an inclined shaft according to the defects of the prior art. The invention aims to provide a blasting control method meeting the requirement of the slag discharge particle size of a slow dip angle inclined shaft.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for controlling the particle size of the inclined shaft blasting comprises the steps of blasting design, measurement lofting, drilling, charging and line blasting; the method is characterized in that: the blasting design comprises blasting aperture, pitch, depth, resistance line, charging structure and blasting network design; the measurement lofting comprises perimeter hole lofting and drilling direction lofting; the charging is the continuous charging of the auxiliary hole, the non-coupling charging of the peripheral hole and the blockage of the blast hole; the line blasting is a blasting network and a blasting mode; the blasting network design is that a first ring, a second ring, …, an Nth ring and a peripheral ring are blasted by sequentially arranging a blasting center of an inclined shaft outwards, blasting auxiliary holes are arranged on each ring at intervals, and peripheral holes are arranged on the peripheral ring; and central holes are arranged between adjacent circles, and each central hole and four adjacent auxiliary holes or shaft side holes form a rhombus central hole arrangement mode.
The auxiliary hole blasting aperture is 42-50 mm; the distance between the blasting holes of the auxiliary holes in the same circle is 50-60 cm, the hole depth is 1.5-2.0 m, and the resisting line of the adjacent circles of the auxiliary holes is 40-60 cm; and the hole distance of the peripheral holes is 45-50 cm, the hole depth is 1.5-2.0 m, the resistance line of the peripheral holes is 40cm, and smooth blasting forming is carried out.
The auxiliary holes adopt an intermittent charging mode, the bottom of the auxiliary holes is reinforced to charge, the charging amount is 1.2-1.5 kg, the peripheral holes adopt an uncoupled charging mode, and the bottom of the auxiliary holes is reinforced to charge; the blasting orifice is blocked by adding sand into clay, the blocking length is not less than 80cm, and the components of the clay: sand 3: 1.
in the blasting network design, the method of blasting is carried out after the blast furnace is close to the slag chute and is firstly blasted and is far away from the slag chute, the auxiliary holes are blasted in a segmented and delayed mode, and the peripheral holes are blasted in a one-time smooth blasting mode.
The peripheral hole drilling adopts peripheral hole drilling direction points and a geological compass sample adding frame to control the drilling direction, and the auxiliary holes adopt a geological compass, a direction bar setting mode and a prototype frame to adjust the peripheral hole drilling angle.
And (2) arranging an electronic detonator coded delay blasting in each blast hole, wherein the time delay of a first ring of blasting holes is 10-20 milliseconds, the time delay of a second ring of auxiliary holes is 50-100 milliseconds, the time delay of auxiliary holes from a third ring to an Nth ring is 100-150 milliseconds, the time delay of peripheral holes is not less than 500 milliseconds, and the peripheral holes are simultaneously blasted and formed.
The process has the advantages that: the conventional slow dip angle inclined shaft construction adopts a forward one-time excavation mode and a tank climbing method, and has the problems of prominent safety risk, uncontrollable construction period, prominent occupational health problem, high construction cost and the like. The invention realizes the slag sliding of the inclined shaft with the slow inclination angle by controlling the blasting particle size of the inclined shaft, breaks through the construction process and the method of the slow inclined shaft, and realizes the controllability of safety, cost, construction period and occupational health by controlling the particle size.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a slow dip angle inclined shaft excavation blasting design and blasting network according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first construction diagram of blasting charge for excavation of the inclined shaft with the slow inclination angle;
FIG. 3 is a second structure diagram of blasting charge for excavation of the inclined shaft with a slow inclination angle.
In the figure, K is a slag sliding inclined shaft, S is an upper area, X is a lower area, Y is a diamond shape and a central hole arrangement mode, A is an auxiliary hole resistance line, B is an auxiliary hole interval, C is a peripheral hole interval, D is a peripheral hole resistance line, E is an auxiliary hole continuous charging length, F is an auxiliary hole blocking length, G is a peripheral hole bottom concentrated charging length, H is a peripheral hole discontinuous charging length, I is a peripheral hole charging discontinuous length, J is a peripheral hole charging blocking length, and MS 1-MS 9 inclined shaft blasting circle division section names.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following detailed description, which is intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but is equivalent or analogous to the present invention without departing from its scope.
With reference to the attached drawings.
The inclined shaft blasting particle size control comprises the following steps: blasting design, measurement lofting, drilling, charging and line blasting.
The blasting design comprises blasting aperture, pitch, depth, resistance line, charging structure and blasting network design. And the measurement lofting comprises peripheral hole lofting and drilling direction lofting. The charging is the continuous charging of the auxiliary hole and the non-coupling charging of the peripheral hole and the blockage of the blast hole. The line blasting is a blasting network and a blasting mode.
The blasting hole diameter is 42-50 mm, the blasting hole distance of the auxiliary holes is 50-60 cm, the hole depth is 1.5-2.0 m, the resistance line is 40-60 cm, and the auxiliary hole depth is 40-50 cm in depth. The hole distance of the peripheral holes is 45-50 cm, the hole depth is 1.5-2.0 m, the resistance line is 40cm, and smooth blasting forming is carried out. The blast hole arrangement mode adopts a diamond + center hole mode to arrange and is more uniform in blasting particle size control and less in particle size flat compared with the conventional plum blossom type arrangement.
The auxiliary holes adopt an intermittent charging mode, the bottom of the auxiliary holes is reinforced to charge, the charging amount is 1.2-1.5 kg, the peripheral holes adopt a non-coupling charging mode, and the bottom of the auxiliary holes is reinforced to charge. The blasting orifice is blocked by adopting clay and sand, the blocking length is not less than 80cm, and the components of clay: sand 3: 1. the auxiliary hole bottom is strengthened and charged, so that the blasting stone slag at the hole bottom passes through the slag sliding well earlier than the hole opening stone slag, and the well blockage is avoided. The conventional blasting is that the rock ballast at the hole opening passes through the slag chute well earlier than the rock ballast at the hole bottom. The auxiliary hole intermittent charging blasting is more beneficial to controlling the uniformity of the blasting particle size, and the conventional continuous charging hole opening is easy to generate boulders. The plugging material adopts a clay and sand mixture, and the plugging material has better sealing property than the conventional clay plugging material.
And (3) detonating before approaching the slag chute and after leaving the slag chute, performing sectional delay blasting on the auxiliary holes, performing delay blasting on peripheral holes, and performing one-time smooth blasting molding. The upper blast hole of the slag chute is firstly blasted and then the lower blast hole is blasted, so that the large-area blasting can be effectively avoided to generate the large block diameter compared with the conventional ring-by-ring blasting mode.
The drilling direction of the peripheral holes is controlled by peripheral hole drilling direction points, a geological compass and a sample frame, and the drilling angles of the peripheral holes are adjusted by the auxiliary holes in a geological compass mode and a direction bar setting mode and the sample frame. Compared with the conventional drilling mode, the drilling precision can be better controlled, and the large blasting particle size caused by drilling is avoided.
And (3) arranging an electronic detonator in each blast hole for coding and delayed blasting, wherein the time delay of the auxiliary hole of the first circle is 10-20 milliseconds, the time delay of the auxiliary hole of the second circle is 50-100 milliseconds, and the time delay of the auxiliary hole of each circle after the third circle is 100-150 milliseconds. The delay of the peripheral hole is not less than 500 milliseconds, and the blasting forming is carried out simultaneously.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the inclined shaft excavation particle size control blasting is divided into blasting design, drilling, charging, connecting and detonating.
And (5) excavating the inclined shaft, performing measurement lofting according to a blasting design drawing, and placing peripheral hole positions and drilling direction points hole by hole. The peripheral holes are drilled by YT28 hand pneumatic drills, the diameter of each hole is 42-50 mm, the hole distance is 45-50 cm, the hole depth is 1.5-2.0 m, the resistance line is 40cm, and the holes are formed by smooth blasting.
The auxiliary holes are drilled by YT28 hand pneumatic drills, the diameter of each auxiliary hole is 42-50 mm, the distance between each auxiliary hole and each auxiliary hole is 50-60 cm, the hole depth is 1.5-2.0 m, and the resistance line is 40-60 cm.
The auxiliary holes adopt a continuous charging mode, and the charging amount is 1.2-1.5 kg; the peripheral holes adopt a non-coupling charging mode, the bottom is strengthened for charging, the hole openings are blocked by adopting clay and sand, the blocking length is detailed in a blasting design chart, and the clay: sand 3: 1.
according to the inclined shaft blasting network diagram, the specified blasting sequence is used for carrying out the online blasting, the peripheral holes are blasted by adopting detonating cords, and the one-time smooth blasting molding is carried out.