CN111742799A - Rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice - Google Patents
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- CN111742799A CN111742799A CN202010399247.0A CN202010399247A CN111742799A CN 111742799 A CN111742799 A CN 111742799A CN 202010399247 A CN202010399247 A CN 202010399247A CN 111742799 A CN111742799 A CN 111742799A
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 claims description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000108664 Nitrobacteria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010058314 Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice, and relates to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding in a rice field. A rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice comprises the following steps: (1) harvesting the rice; (2) stacking the straws; (3) applying straw decomposing bacteria; (4) controlling the water level; (5) and (5) transplanting the aquatic weeds. The invention thoroughly solves a plurality of production problems of bad water, difficult water and fertilizer, moss outbreak, crayfish dysplasia and the like in winter, realizes 'one straw is multipurpose', cultivates good biological bait for crayfish growth and propagation, creates a good living and inhabiting environment, and improves the quality, survival rate and yield of crayfish seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding in a rice field, in particular to a rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice.
Background
The straw returning measure not only reduces the air pollution caused by burning the straws, but also plays the role of increasing the yield by the soil-entering and soil-fertilizing land capability of the straws. In the rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding mode, before rice is harvested, a farmer puts in crayfish parent shrimps in a rice field, after the rice is harvested, floods the rice field to the spring of the next year, and breeds a batch of crayfish seedlings by overwintering the rice field by utilizing the parent shrimps. However, if the rice straw returned to the field is improperly utilized and disposed, the rice straw can be intensively rotten and spoiled to influence the growth and development of the parent shrimps and the young shrimps, even the breeding fails, so that the parent shrimps and the young shrimps all die, and huge economic loss is caused. technique through reasonable processing returning straw method, can control the straw maturity speed ingeniously, adjusts water color and quality of water, controls growing and harm of fall winter moss through the rich water shading effect of straw, utilizes the organic piece that the straw formed to act as the bait of crayfish simultaneously, realizes returning the field of rice straw to the field resource cyclic utilization entirely.
At present, the rice straw returning mode in the comprehensive planting and breeding production of rice and shrimps is generally the rice straw returning mode according to rice and wheat rotation, namely, when rice is harvested, the rice straw is crushed by a harvester and then thrown on the ground surface to be decomposed by the harvester or is ploughed into soil mechanically. However, the comprehensive planting and breeding industry of the one-rice three-shrimp rice and the shrimp is implemented at present, when seedlings are bred after rice, the rice straws are treated in such a way, so that a plurality of problems exist, particularly after the rice field is watered, the rapid decay of the rice straws easily causes the water quality deterioration, and the breeding of the crayfish seedlings is not facilitated. Therefore, in combination with the technical requirements of breeding crayfish seedlings after rice, the method for returning rice straws to the field must be improved, the regulation and control indexes of water quality during breeding of the crayfish seedlings are met, the decomposition speed of the rice straws is promoted or delayed by controlling the water level and using the straw decomposition microbial inoculum, the aim of mixing the color of the rich water under the low-temperature condition in autumn and winter is achieved, the explosive growth of the moss is avoided, a good water environment is created for breeding the crayfish seedlings in autumn and winter, and a cold warm house is avoided, so that the key technical problems that the water is difficult to fertilizer, the moss is heavy and the seedlings are difficult to breed under the low-temperature condition to be solved in the production at present are solved skillfully.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice, which adopts a series of scientific treatment modes to control the decomposition speed of straws, play the role of continuously fertilizing water by the straws, inhibit the growth of moss in a water body, convert the straws into natural organic debris to be used as bait, and combine with planted float grass to provide a good bait source and inhabitation environment for the growth of the crayfish seedlings so as to greatly improve the quality, survival rate and yield of the crayfish seedlings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting rice: when the rice is mechanically harvested, the rice stubble is kept 40cm high, and the rest straws are cut up and returned to the field and stacked into a stack.
(2) Straw stacking: the rice straws cut by the harvester are mechanically and manually stacked into long strips or block-shaped stacks with the height of 60cm, the straw stacking amount accounts for more than 80% of the total cut amount, and the straws are uniformly distributed in the rice and shrimp fields at intervals.
(3) Applying straw decomposition bacteria: after 10-11 months of stacking, spraying proper amount of straw decomposition bacteria agent in the stack as required.
(4) Controlling the water level: after the straws are piled up, the water depth of the field surface is timely lifted according to the water color and the transparency of the field, and the straw decomposition speed is controlled. Generally, the water layer height of the field surface is regulated and controlled according to the field water temperature and by combining stress of crayfish centralizing in holes and out of holes at the early stage (10-11 months), the middle stage (12 months-2 months next year) 30-60 cm and the later stage (3-4 months next year) 60-30 cm.
(5) Transplanting aquatic weeds: after the paddy and shrimp fields are irrigated, aquatic plants are transplanted between the slopes of the circular ditches and the stacked straws on the field surface. And (3) alternately planting in an interlaced way, wherein the row spacing of field planting is 6-10 m, the plant spacing is 3-5 m, and planting in an interlaced way is carried out, and the coverage of the aquatic weeds is preferably 50%.
Further, the high rice stubble is kept for 40cm in the step (1).
Further, the stacking height in the step (2) is 60cm, and the stacking straw amount accounts for 80% of the total chopped straw amount.
Further, the straw decomposing microbial inoculum in the step (3) is a compound microbial preparation containing saccharomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, nitrobacteria and bacillus, and the dosage per mu is 600-800 ml.
And (3) further, controlling the water level in the step (4), and irrigating water to a water layer on the surface of the field for 30cm when the water temperature is 10-15 ℃.
And (3) further, controlling the water level in the step (4), and irrigating until the water layer on the field surface reaches 60cm when the water temperature is below 5 ℃ in 12 months to 2 months in the next year.
Further, the water level is controlled in the step (4), and the water layer on the surface of the paddy field naturally drops to 30cm in 3-5 months.
Further, the aquatic weed species transplanted in the step (5) is waterweed and hydrilla verticillata, and the aquatic weed species is alternately planted in an interlaced mode, the row spacing of field planting is 6-10 m, the plant spacing is 3-5 m, and the coverage of the aquatic weed is preferably 50%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) a method for returning rice straws to field for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice adopts a mode of reserving high rice stubbles and stacking straws (a device for throwing and crushing straws is improved or installed on a harvester), so that the straws are stacked and decomposed gradually according to the required water color and water quality under the combined action of flooding and decomposing bacteria. During the process of straw decay, a large amount of heat can be emitted from the bottom of the rice and shrimp field to heat water, so that the water temperature is improved, and the fertilizer and water control under low-temperature conditions in autumn and winter is facilitated, the growth and development of crayfish are promoted, and the injury caused by winter is resisted; the straw decomposition microbial inoculum is applied to fully decompose the straw so as to promote the straw to generate amino acid, inorganic salt and various organic sugars in the conversion process, and the substances can be directly absorbed by water and aquatic weeds to achieve the effects of fertilizing water and the aquatic weeds. Meanwhile, the growth of plankton in the water body is promoted, the circulation of substances in the water body is promoted, and the dissolved oxygen is more sufficient; by controlling the water level, the amount of the straws immersed in the water body can be controlled, the function of controlling the decomposition speed of the straws can be achieved, the straws can play a role of continuously fertilizing water, and the moss growth of the water body is inhibited; the decomposition speed of the straws is accelerated by using the decomposition bacteria, so that the effect of utilizing the rich water of the rice straws in winter is improved; by planting the waterweeds in good time, the water quality is purified, and the adverse effect caused by straw decomposition is relieved.
(2) The rice straw returning method for breeding the crayfish seedlings after rice thoroughly solves a plurality of production problems of water damage, difficult fertilization, moss outbreak, crayfish dysplasia and the like in winter, realizes one straw with multiple purposes, cultivates good biological bait for crayfish growth and breeding, builds a good living and inhabiting environment for crayfish seedlings, and improves the quality, survival rate and yield of crayfish.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described by way of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the equivalent substitutions and modifications made in the present disclosure are within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to production examples.
Example 1
A 'one rice three shrimp' production field of Yangzhou Longdao ecological agriculture Limited company is positioned in Lingzhou Zhengying Xicun in Gaoyou city, rice stubble is kept for 42cm when rice is mechanically harvested in 2018, and other straws are cut up. Stacking the chopped straws into long strips, and distributing the long strips in the rice field at intervals, wherein the stacking height is 61cm, and the stacking straw amount accounts for 82% of the total chopped straw amount; after stacking the straws, spraying straw decomposition microbial inoculum (650 ml/mu), then irrigating the rice field until the water layer of the surface of the rice field is 10cm, maintaining for 20 days, transplanting the waterweed and the hydrilla verticillata on the slope of the circular trench and between the stacked straws, alternately planting in an interlaced way, wherein the planting row spacing of the field is 6m, and the plant spacing is 4 m. And (3) irrigating water to the water layer of the field surface by 30cm in the last ten days of 11 months when the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, and irrigating water to the water layer of the field surface by 60cm in the last 2 months of 12 months to the next year when the water temperature is below 5 ℃, and naturally reducing the water layer of the field surface to 30cm in the last 3 months to 5 months. The water color is always maintained to be light dark brown, the water transparency is 32cm, the dissolved oxygen reaches 5.8mg/L, the PH value is 7.6, and the ammonia nitrogen reaches 2.8 mg/L. 52 kg/mu of parent shrimps are put in the pond in 12 days in 9 months, 226kg of crayfish seedlings are produced in 8 acres in 4 months in 2019 years, and the benefit of 'breeding seedlings after rice' in only one season is 5650 yuan/mu.
Example 2
Huaian thousand years weir ecological agriculture development limited company is located in Huaiyin area Ganhouzhen Ganhou village, rice stubble is kept for 39cm when rice is mechanically harvested in 2018, and other straws are cut up. Stacking the chopped straws into long strips, and distributing the long strips in the rice field at intervals, wherein the stacking height is 58cm, and the stacking straw amount accounts for 87% of the total chopped straw amount; after stacking the straws, spraying straw decomposition microbial inoculum (680 ml/mu), then irrigating the rice field until the water layer on the surface of the rice field is 11cm, maintaining for 18d, transplanting the waterweed and the hydrilla verticillata on the slope of the circular trench and between the stacked straws, alternately planting in an interlaced manner, wherein the planting row spacing of the field is 10m, and the plant spacing is 3 m. And (3) irrigating water to a water layer on the field surface by 32cm in the last ten days of 11 months when the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, and irrigating water to a water layer on the field surface by 63cm in the last 2 months of 12 months to the next year when the water temperature is below 5 ℃, and then naturally dropping to 32cm in the last 3 months to 5 months. The water color is always maintained to be yellow brown, the water transparency is 29cm, the dissolved oxygen reaches 5.3mg/L, the PH value is 6.9, and the ammonia nitrogen reaches 2.4 mg/L. 47 kg/mu of parent shrimps are put in the pond in 12 days in 9 months, 203kg of crayfish seedlings are produced in 12 mu in 4 months in 2019 years, and the benefit of 'breeding seedlings after rice' in one season is 4812 yuan/mu.
Claims (8)
1. A rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) harvesting rice: when the rice is mechanically harvested, the rice stubble is kept 40cm high, and the rest straws are cut up and returned to the field and stacked into a stack.
(2) Straw stacking: the rice straws cut by the harvester are mechanically and manually stacked into long strips or block-shaped stacks with the height of 60cm, the straw stacking amount accounts for more than 80% of the total cut amount, and the straws are uniformly distributed in the rice and shrimp fields at intervals.
(3) Applying straw decomposition bacteria: after 10-11 months of stacking, spraying proper amount of straw decomposition bacteria agent in the stack as required.
(4) Controlling the water level: after the straws are piled up, the water depth of the field surface is timely lifted according to the water color and the transparency of the field, and the straw decomposition speed is controlled. Generally, the water layer height of the field surface is regulated and controlled according to the field water temperature and by combining stress of crayfish centralizing in holes and out of holes at the early stage (10-11 months), the middle stage (12 months-2 months next year) 30-60 cm and the later stage (3-4 months next year) 60-30 cm.
(5) Transplanting aquatic weeds: after the paddy and shrimp fields are irrigated, aquatic plants are transplanted between the slopes of the circular ditches and the stacked straws on the field surface. And (3) alternately planting in an interlaced way, wherein the row spacing of field planting is 6-10 m, the plant spacing is 3-5 m, and planting in an interlaced way is carried out, and the coverage of the aquatic weeds is preferably 50%.
2. The rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) reserving 40cm of high rice stubble in the step (1).
3. The rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the stacking height in the step (2) is 60cm, and the stacking straw amount accounts for 80% of the total chopped straw amount.
4. The rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the straw decomposing microbial inoculum in the step (3) is a compound microbial preparation containing saccharomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, nitrobacteria and bacillus, and the dosage per mu is 600-800 ml.
5. The rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) controlling the water level in the step (4), and irrigating water to a water layer of 30cm on the surface of the field when the water temperature is 10-15 ℃.
6. The rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) controlling the water level, and irrigating until the water layer on the surface of the field reaches 60cm when the water temperature is below 5 ℃ in 12 months to 2 months in the next year.
7. The rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) controlling the water level, and naturally reducing the water layer of the field surface to 30cm in 3-5 months.
8. The rice straw returning method for breeding crayfish seedlings after rice as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aquatic weed variety transplanted in the step (5) is the waterweed and hydrilla verticillata, and the aquatic weed variety is alternately planted in an interlaced mode, the row spacing of field planting is 6-10 m, the plant spacing is 3-5 m, and the coverage of the aquatic weed is preferably 50%.
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CN115474567A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-16 | 南京农业大学 | Rice field crayfish and straw stacking structure and using method thereof |
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王信海等: "苏北地区利用春闲稻田进行克氏原螯虾高效养殖技术规程", 《中国水产》 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115474567A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-16 | 南京农业大学 | Rice field crayfish and straw stacking structure and using method thereof |
CN115474567B (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-12-29 | 南京农业大学 | Rice field crayfish straw piling structure and application method thereof |
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