CN111518317A - High-thermal-conductivity and water-transmission composite film material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-thermal-conductivity and water-transmission composite film material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111518317A CN111518317A CN202010401846.1A CN202010401846A CN111518317A CN 111518317 A CN111518317 A CN 111518317A CN 202010401846 A CN202010401846 A CN 202010401846A CN 111518317 A CN111518317 A CN 111518317A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite film material with high heat conductivity and water transmission, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of material engineering. The composite film material prepared by the invention has rich hydrophilic nano-pore channels and compact graphene lamellar stack, can realize rapid water transfer and high thermal conductivity, and can rapidly transfer heat generated by photothermal conversion to water nanofluid among graphene layers, thereby accelerating the evaporation of water. The composite film material of the invention is madeWhen the solar evaporator is applied, the evaporation rate can reach 1.47kg m under the light intensity of 1 time of sunlight‑2h‑1The evaporation rate is 4.51kg m under 3 times of sunlight intensity‑2h‑1While the evaporation efficiency was kept at 95%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material engineering, in particular to a high-heat-conductivity and water-transmission composite film material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Aiming at the ubiquitous existence of the photo-thermal energy conversion of sunlight in the nature, the solar water evaporation material is inspired by the water circulation in the terrestrial biosphere, and a composite material film is prepared by assembling a high-thermal-conductivity nano carbon material (graphene) and a hydrophilic nano biological polymer (nano cellulose fiber) and is used for improving the water evaporation process driven by solar energy, so that the high water evaporation efficiency under the lower light intensity is realized. As the material does not need additional energy or chemical reagents in the evaporation process, a cheap and environment-friendly solution can be provided for seawater desalination and sewage treatment, and convenience is provided for solving the increasingly serious problems of shortage of fresh water resources, pollution of waste water and the like in the human society.
At present, research aiming at solar water evaporation materials mainly focuses on assembly of cellulose material carbonized semiconductor nano particles, solar energy is converted into heat energy by utilizing infrared absorption of the carbon material and the semiconductor material, and the heat energy is transferred to water to realize evaporation by compounding with hydrophilic materials (such as cellulose or water-absorbing paper materials).
However, as a part of the cavity of the traditional material must be reserved to ensure the diffusion of water vapor and the transfer of liquid water, the heat generated by sunlight absorbed by the surface layer of the material is blocked by the air in the cavity and cannot be transferred to the inside of the material, and the improvement of the evaporation efficiency is limited, especially under the low sunlight intensity (1 time of sun intensity/1 kW m)-2) The evaporation efficiency is mostly lower than 1.47kg m- 2h-1. Therefore, innovative material design ideas are urgently needed to simultaneously obtain high sunlight absorption rate, efficient contact of water molecules and heat conduction materials, effective transfer of surface light and heat in a material system and a rapid water molecule transmission channel.
Accordingly, those skilled in the art have been devoted to developing a composite film material having high thermal conductivity and water transport.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to develop a composite film material with high thermal conductivity and water transmission, so as to improve the evaporation efficiency when the composite film material is used as a solar water evaporation material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a composite thin film material with high thermal conductivity and water transmission, which comprises graphene and cellulose nanofibers.
The preparation method of the composite film material with high heat conductivity and water transmission comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing the graphene and the cellulose nano-fibers into a mixed solution; step 2, ultrasonically dispersing the mixed solution in an ultrasonic cleaner, stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, and repeating the ultrasonic dispersion and stirring processes to finally obtain a uniform graphene-nanocellulose fiber dispersed solution; and 3, carrying out suction filtration on the graphene-nano cellulose fiber dispersion solution to form a film, and airing to obtain the composite film material.
Further, the mass percentage of the graphene in the mixed solution in the step 1 is 50-90%.
Further, the cellulose nanofibers in the mixed solution in the step 1 are needle-shaped nanofiber with a high aspect ratio and a diameter of 5-15 nm.
Further, the ultrasonic dispersion time in step 2 is 2 hours.
Further, the stirring time in step 2 is 10 minutes.
Further, the number of times of repetition in step 2 is 5.
Further, the filtration in step 3 takes a polypropylene filter membrane with a pore diameter of 220nm as a substrate.
Further, the airing temperature in the step 3 is room temperature.
The composite film material with high heat conductivity and water transmission is applied to a solar evaporator.
The technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1) the composite film material prepared by the invention has a compact layered structure, the compact packing of graphene nanosheets is utilized to realize the rapid inward transfer of surface layer photo-induced heat, the compact packing of the graphene nanosheets can promote the efficient heat transfer quantity in the film, the high heat conductivity is obtained at room temperature, and the heat conductivity can reach 614W m at room temperature-1k-1(ii) a At the same time, since the cellulose itself has 5 to 15The diameter of nm forms a supporting effect between graphene sheet layers to form a hydrophilic pore channel with a nano size, so that water molecule nano fluid is formed conveniently, and the rapid transfer and the heated evaporation of water molecules are promoted. Sunlight with light intensity of 1 time (1KW m)-2) Under the condition, the evaporation efficiency of water can reach 1.47kg m-2h-1The evaporation rate is 4.51kg m under 3 times of sunlight intensity-2h-1And the evaporation efficiency is kept at 95 percent, so that the material is an extremely excellent photo-thermal water evaporation material.
2) The raw materials are commercial products based on natural species, the price is low, the composite material is simple to operate, and no toxic or harmful substances are involved.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1a) is an AFM image of cellulose nanofibers used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 1b) is a graphene SEM image used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the 1D/2D van der Waals heterostructure of the composite thin film material of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM cross-sectional image of a composite thin film material according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the light absorption spectrum of the composite thin film material at 200-2000nm according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the thermal conductivity of the composite film material of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6a) is a top view of the composite thin film material of the preferred embodiment of the present invention as applied to a solar water evaporator; b) is a side view of the application of the composite film material of the preferred embodiment of the present invention as a solar water evaporator;
FIG. 7 is a graph of thermal imaging of a composite film material of a preferred embodiment of the present invention in 1 x sunlight for 0-600 seconds;
FIG. 8a) is a graph of the evaporation efficiency of the composite film material of the preferred embodiment of the present invention at 1 time solar intensity; b) the evaporation efficiency of the composite film material of the preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in a graph under 3 times of sunlight intensity; c) the composite film material of the preferred embodiment of the invention has stable evaporation efficiency under 1-3 times of sunlight intensity; d) the composite film material of the preferred embodiment of the invention has a water vapor effect pattern under 3 times of sunlight.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example 1
Selecting needle-shaped nano cellulose fibers with the diameter of 5-15nm as shown in figure 1a) and flaky two-dimensional graphene as shown in figure 1b) as starting raw materials, preparing a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of graphene to cellulose of 90:10, putting the prepared solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, taking out the solution, stirring the solution for 10 minutes by a force stirrer, and repeating the process for five times to obtain a uniform graphene-nano cellulose fiber dispersion solution. And performing suction filtration on the obtained dispersion liquid by using a polypropylene filter membrane with the aperture of 220nm as a substrate in a suction filtration mode to form a membrane, and airing at room temperature to obtain the composite membrane material which is named as CNF @ RGO-90.
Example 2
Selecting needle-shaped nano cellulose fibers with the diameter of 5-15nm as shown in figure 1a) and flaky two-dimensional graphene as shown in figure 1b) as starting raw materials, preparing a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of graphene to cellulose of 80:20, putting the prepared solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, taking out the solution, stirring the solution for 10 minutes by a force stirrer, and repeating the process for five times to obtain a uniform graphene-nano cellulose fiber dispersion solution. And performing suction filtration on the obtained dispersion liquid by using a polypropylene filter membrane with the aperture of 220nm as a substrate in a suction filtration mode to form a membrane, and airing at room temperature to obtain the composite membrane material which is named as CNF @ RGO-80.
Example 3
Selecting needle-shaped nano cellulose fibers with the diameter of 5-15nm as shown in figure 1a) and flaky two-dimensional graphene as shown in figure 1b) as starting raw materials, preparing a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of graphene to cellulose of 70:30, putting the prepared solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, taking out the solution, stirring the solution for 10 minutes by a force stirrer, and repeating the process for five times to obtain a uniform graphene-nano cellulose fiber dispersion solution. And performing suction filtration on the obtained dispersion liquid by using a polypropylene filter membrane with the aperture of 220nm as a substrate in a suction filtration mode to form a membrane, and airing at room temperature to obtain the composite membrane material which is named as CNF @ RGO-70.
Example 4
Selecting needle-shaped nano cellulose fibers with the diameter of 5-15nm as shown in figure 1a) and flaky two-dimensional graphene as shown in figure 1b) as starting raw materials, preparing a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of graphene to cellulose of 60:40, putting the prepared solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, taking out the solution, stirring the solution for 10 minutes by a force stirrer, and repeating the process for five times to obtain a uniform graphene-nano cellulose fiber dispersion solution. And performing suction filtration on the obtained dispersion liquid by using a polypropylene filter membrane with the aperture of 220nm as a substrate in a suction filtration mode to form a membrane, and airing at room temperature to obtain the composite membrane material which is named as CNF @ RGO-60.
Example 5
Selecting needle-shaped nano cellulose fibers with the diameter of 5-15nm as shown in figure 1a) and flaky two-dimensional graphene as shown in figure 1b) as starting raw materials, preparing a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of graphene to cellulose of 50:50, putting the prepared solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, taking out, stirring for 10 minutes by a force stirrer, and repeating the process for five times to obtain a uniform graphene-nano cellulose fiber dispersion solution. And performing suction filtration on the obtained dispersion liquid by using a polypropylene filter membrane with the aperture of 220nm as a substrate in a suction filtration mode to form a membrane, and airing at room temperature to obtain the composite membrane material which is named as CNF @ RGO-50.
As shown in fig. 2, the cellulose nanofiber connects different graphene sheets together to form a van der waals heterostructure through van der waals interaction, and the cellulose support effect between the graphene sheets can form abundant nanopores to facilitate rapid transfer and heat exchange of water molecules. As shown in fig. 3, SEM results of the composite thin film material show that this van der waals heterostructure-based composite material has a dense, regular layered structure.
As shown in the result of the optical absorption spectrum of FIG. 4, CNF @ RGO-90, 80, 70,60 all show good absorption efficiency in the near infrared spectral region (900-.
As shown in the thermal conductivity diagram result of FIG. 5, CNF @ RGO-90, 80, 70,60 reached a peak value of 1238W m at 90 w% as the content of graphene in the material increased-1K-1。
As shown in fig. 6, the composite film material is made into a simple solar water evaporator, wherein the composite film material is attached to the dust-free water-absorbing paper substrate, and the dust-free water-absorbing paper serves as an irradiation surface substrate to play a role in supporting and insulating heat, so as to prevent the direct irradiation of sunlight on water surface from influencing the test result in the experiment of water evaporation with fixed light intensity. The dust-free absorbent paper is contacted with the composite film material by utilizing siphon principle to conduct water and complete water evaporation between graphene layers. As shown in fig. 7, after the solar evaporator is irradiated by 1 time of sunlight for 10 minutes, the photothermal conversion only occurs in the area covered by the composite film material, and no heating phenomenon occurs below the device, which indicates that heat is not transferred downwards, and this fully indicates that no obvious heat dissipation occurs in the device under the structural illumination condition, and the accuracy of the test result is ensured.
As shown in FIG. 8a), the composite film materials CNF @ RGO-90, 80, 70 and 60 with different graphene ratios have good evaporation rates under one time of sunlight, wherein the evaporation rate of CNF @ RGO-90 can reach 1.47kg m under 1 time of sunlight-2h-1(ii) a FIG. 8b) shows that when the intensity reaches the standard solar intensity (3 times sunlight/3 KW m)-2) The evaporation rate was significantly increased, wherein CNF @ RGO-90 was increased to 4.51kg m-2h-1(ii) a As shown in fig. 8c), the CNF @ RGO-90 was repeatedly subjected to 5 cycles of experiments under the conditions of 1, 2, and 3 times of sunlight, respectively, and the evaporation rate did not fluctuate significantly, which indicates that the evaporation rate was stable and almost did not decay under the conditions of 1-3 times of sunlight; as in FIG. 8d), can be observed at 1 time with naked eyesThe phenomenon that water vapor volatilizes from a covering area of the composite film material (CNF @ RGO-90) under the sunlight intensity further proves the excellent evaporation performance of the composite film material.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The composite film material with high heat conductivity and water transmission is characterized by comprising graphene and cellulose nanofibers.
2. The method for preparing the composite thin film material with high thermal conductivity and water transmission according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing the graphene and the cellulose nano-fibers into a mixed solution;
step 2, ultrasonically dispersing the mixed solution in an ultrasonic cleaner, stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, and repeating the ultrasonic dispersion and stirring processes to finally obtain a uniform graphene-nano cellulose fiber dispersed solution;
and 3, carrying out suction filtration on the graphene-nano cellulose fiber dispersion solution to form a film, and airing to obtain the composite film material.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the graphene in the mixed solution in the step 1 is 60-90% by mass.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the cellulose nanofibers in the mixed solution of step 1 are needle-like nanofibers with a high aspect ratio of 5-15nm in diameter.
5. The method for preparing a composite film material with high thermal conductivity and water transport according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion time of step 2 is 2 hours.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the stirring time in step 2 is 10 minutes.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the number of the repetition of the step 2 is 5.
8. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the filtration step 3 is performed with a 220nm pore size polypropylene filter membrane as a substrate.
9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the drying temperature in step 3 is room temperature.
10. Use of the high thermal conductivity and water transport composite film material of claim 1 or 2 in a solar evaporator.
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| WO2022048165A1 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-10 | 五邑大学 | Motif-structured cellulose based nanofluid ion conductor and preparation method and application |
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