CN111512870A - Method for judging whether secondary tips of out-of-season cultivation of four-season meadow silvergrass become flowers or not before leaf-spreading period - Google Patents
Method for judging whether secondary tips of out-of-season cultivation of four-season meadow silvergrass become flowers or not before leaf-spreading period Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging whether a secondary tip of a four-season candied mango out-of-season cultivation blossoming occurs before a leaf spreading period, wherein the judgment time is the earlier stage of the secondary tip growth after trimming, and the method comprises the following operation steps: (1) the color of the leaf; (2) the number of leaves; (3) length variation of the shoot leaf-free segment; (5) the size of the blade; (6) length of the branch; in the 6 indexes, if the number of the flowers reaches the standard of more than or equal to 4, the secondary shoot flowering rate is considered to be high, and the production requirement is met; if the number of the secondary shoots is less than 4, the secondary shoots are considered to have too low flowering rate and can not meet the production requirements. The method judges whether the branch is a branch which completes flower bud differentiation or not, so that time is gained for promoting flower by taking remedial measures when flower does not grow, the destructive influence of delayed flowering due to the fact that secondary tips of the branch do not grow flower can be effectively avoided, the phenomenon that fruits are not ripe before low-temperature rainy days (12 months) is avoided, the flavor and the appearance quality of the fruits are ensured, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for judging whether secondary shoots of out-of-season cultivation of four-season miscanthus sinensis flower or not before a leaf expanding period.
Background
The out-of-season cultivation mode of the miscanthus sinensis is 'trimming before and after 4 months to promote tip cultivation to cultivate fruit mother branches → 5-7 months to grow fruit mother branches → 7-8 months to blossom and fruit set → 10-11 months to harvest', and the flowering period is 7 months to 8 months. The key to the success of the out-of-season cultivation of the four-season candied mango is whether flowers can be grown on time in 7-8 months. After the measures of pruning and tip promotion in 4 months and tip control and flower promotion in 6 months, in some years, the secondary tips can not complete flower bud differentiation on time due to the influence of a plurality of factors such as rainwater, illumination, temperature, tree vigor and the like, so that the flowering phase is greatly delayed, fruits can not be harvested before 11 months, and the commodity price of the fruits is seriously influenced.
In the prior art, the judgment standard for judging whether the secondary tips of formed four-season honey mango flowers after being pruned in spring is that the flowers are promoted when the primary tips turn green after pruning, then the tips are promoted by fertilizing, and then the flowers are promoted by using potassium nitrate in combination with pest control until the flowers are formed. The earliest judgment is to see whether the terminal bud growth stops when the secondary shoot turns green, if so, the flower formation is delayed, otherwise, the flower formation is good. If the flower does not grow, the growth of the secondary shoot takes precious time, and the adverse effect of delayed flowering phase is caused.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In the prior art, whether the secondary shoots grow can be judged according to whether the terminal buds stop growing when the secondary shoots turn green, and if the terminal buds do not grow, the flowering phase is delayed. The invention develops an early stage judgment method for judging whether the secondary tips of the mother branches of the four season Miscanthus sinensis out-of-season cultivation fruits are flowering or not, aims to ensure that the secondary tips are flowering so as to ensure that the flowering period is 7-8 months, and sufficient heat and illumination are obtained for the growth of flowering consequences, so that the fruits are harvested before low-temperature overcast rain comes, and the economic benefit of mango cultivation is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the method for judging whether the secondary tips of the out-of-season cultivated four-season miscanthus sinensis grow into flowers before the leaf-expanding period, wherein the judging time is the earlier stage of the growth of the secondary tips after pruning, namely when branches are in the middle extension period and the last leaf extension period, the method comprises the following operation steps:
(1) color of the leaf: if the secondary tips of the four-season candied miscanthus sinensis are not divided into flower buds, the branches are purple red or red from the beginning of leaf growth to the leaf expanding period of the leaves when the branches are extracted; if the branch is a flowering branch, the leaf of the secondary tip is beige from the beginning of leaf unfolding to the end of unfolding; the index that the flower formation trend is judged to be from weak → strong is the degree of the evolution of the color of the leaves in the growing period from purple red → beige, and if the leaves of the secondary tips of the whole orchard are all beige before the end period of the leaf expansion, the probability that the flowers of the secondary tips of the orchard are formed well can be judged;
(2) number of blades: the number of the secondary tip blades is increased by 16.0-21.0% compared with the number of the primary tip blades, and the number of the secondary tip blades is more than or equal to 13, so that the flower formation is good;
(3) length change of shoot leaf-free fragment: the basal part of the mango branch has a section of length without the leaf; the length change of the secondary tip section without the growing leaf is also one of the indexes for judging whether the secondary tip section grows flowers: the method has the advantages that the length of the leafless branch for flowering is short, the length of the leafless branch for flowering is long, the length is relative, the comparison between the primary tip and the secondary tip in season is mainly adopted, and the length of the secondary tip for flowering is 1-2cm shorter than that of the primary tip;
(4) attitude of the blade: the posture of the lobules at the secondary tips is lifted before the lobules are unfolded, the petioles and the blades are in a straight state, and the veins of the blades are obvious before the blades turn green, so that the flowers are well formed;
(5) the size of the blade is as follows: the length of the blade of the secondary tip is 14.0-18.0% shorter than that of the primary tip, the width of the blade is 16.0-21.0% narrower than that of the primary tip, and the distribution of the blade on the branch is changed from large to small, namely the blade at the base is larger and gradually transits to smaller blade at the top, thus indicating that the flower formation is good;
(6) length of the branch: the length of the flower-forming secondary tip is reduced by 18.0-28.0% compared with the length of the primary tip, namely the secondary tip is generally shorter than the primary tip;
in the 6 indexes, if the number of the flowers reaches the standard of more than or equal to 4, the secondary shoot flowering rate is considered to be high, and the production requirement is met; if the number of the secondary shoots is less than 4, the secondary shoots are considered to have too low flowering rate and not meet the production requirements, and measures are required to be taken for remediation.
The method judges the performance of each character of the secondary shoot flowering and judges according to the sequence of the appearance of each character.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, whether the secondary tips are the branches for completing flower bud differentiation or not is judged from six aspects of the performance of the color and the number of the small leaves (leaves), the distribution of the leaves, the posture and the size of the leaves, the length of the branches and the like during the period from the beginning of the extension of the secondary tips to the end stage of the leaf expanding period after pruning, so that time is gained for flower promotion by taking remedial measures when flowers are not formed, the destructive influence of late flowering due to the fact that the secondary tips do not form flowers can be effectively avoided, the phenomenon that the fruits are not mature before low-temperature overcast rain (12 months) is avoided, the flavor and the appearance quality of the fruits are ensured, and the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is to be read in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. The reagents, raw materials and the like used in the following examples of the present invention were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
In 2016, in 8 months, the method is adopted for judging the situation of secondary shoot flowering in an out-of-season cultivation of 100 mu four-season meadow orchard planted in the agricultural department of south Ning Huaqiao, wherein the orchard is planted in 3 and 15 days in 2010, the row spacing is 4.0m multiplied by 2.5m, and 66 plants are planted per mu.
Specifically, the method for judging whether the secondary tips of the out-of-season cultivated four-season miscanthus sinensis blossoms grow before the leaf-expanding period is characterized in that the judgment time is the earlier stage of the growth of the secondary tips after pruning, namely when branches are in the middle extension period and the end extension period of leaves, the method is as follows:
(1) color of the leaf: if the secondary tips of the four-season candied miscanthus sinensis are not divided into flower buds, the branches are purple red or red from the beginning of leaf growth to the leaf expanding period of the leaves when the branches are extracted; if the branch is a flowering branch, the leaf of the secondary tip is beige from the beginning of leaf unfolding to the end of unfolding; according to the embodiment, the tip-promoting and tip-controlling flower-promoting measures after orchard pruning are implemented in place, the management level is high, and the leaves of the secondary tips are light yellow or beige before the initial extension period and the color turning period;
(2) number of blades: the number of the secondary tip blades is increased by 18.5% compared with the number of the primary tip blades, and the average number of the secondary tip blades is 13.3 according to the investigation result;
(3) length change of shoot leaf-free fragment: the length of a section of the mango branch base without the leaf is not changed, and the length change of the section without the leaf of the secondary shoot is also one of indexes for judging whether the mango branch is floriated or not: the distance between the primary tips and the secondary tips of the first-season miscanthus sinensis in the current season of the orchard is shorter than the average primary tip by 1.4 cm;
(4) attitude of the blade: in the implementation, the postures of the leaflets of the secondary tips are all lifted before the leaflets are unfolded, and the veins of the leaflets before turning green are obvious and show the straight states of petioles and the leaflets;
(5) the size of the blade is as follows: the length of the blade of the secondary tip is 16.0% shorter than that of the primary tip, the width of the blade of the secondary tip is 20.2% narrower than that of the primary tip, and the distribution of the change of the blade from large to small on a branch is that the blade at the base gradually transits to the blade at the top to be small;
(6) length of the branch: the length of the secondary tip of the implementation is reduced by 27.0 percent compared with that of the primary tip, namely the secondary tip is generally slightly shorter than the primary tip;
in the implementation, the six indexes meeting the secondary shoot flower formation are all reached.
The method judges the performance of each character of the secondary shoot flowering and judges according to the sequence of the appearance of each character.
As a result: the percentage of the flower ears in 8 months and 14 days is 82.1 percent, the flowering rate in 9 months and 11 days is 93.7 percent when the investigation is carried out again, and the flowering rate of the orchard plants is 100.0 percent. The yield is measured in 2016 (nearly ripe) at 10 and 15 days, the average yield of an orchard is 1526.8 kg/mu, more than 90% of fruits are harvested before 11 months, and the rest fruits are sold as wild raw material fruits (because the out-of-season cultivation flowering period of the four season meadow is longer, and the small part is bloomed after 9 months and is ripe later).
Example 2
In 8 months in 2019, the method is adopted for judging the situation of secondary shoot flowering in the out-of-season cultivation in a 30-mu four-season meadow mango orchard planted in the southern Yangtze town of Huayu lake agricultural ecological tourism area in Qingxiu area in Nanning city, the orchard is planted in 4 months and 15 days in 2014, the row spacing is 4.0m multiplied by 3.0m, and 55 plants are planted in each mu.
Specifically, the method for judging whether the secondary tips of the out-of-season cultivated four-season miscanthus sinensis blossoms grow before the leaf-expanding period is characterized in that the judgment time is the earlier stage of the growth of the secondary tips after pruning, namely when branches are in the middle extension period and the end extension period of leaves, the method is as follows:
(1) color of the leaf: if the secondary tips of the four-season candied miscanthus sinensis are not divided into flower buds, the branches are purple red or red from the beginning of leaf growth to the leaf expanding period of the leaves when the branches are extracted; if the branch is a flowering branch, the leaf of the secondary tip is beige from the beginning of leaf unfolding to the end of unfolding; in the embodiment, the primary tip pest control after the orchard is pruned is not in place, so that partial leaves of the primary tip are damaged (particularly the leaf weevil is sheared), the leaves of the secondary tip are red or light red at the initial stage of extension, and most of the leaves are light purple along with the length of the leaves;
(2) number of blades: the number of the blades of the secondary tip of the orchard implemented at this time is increased by 16.4% compared with the number of the blades of the primary tip, and the number of the blades of the secondary tip is 13.5;
(3) length change of shoot leaf-free fragment: the length of a section of the mango branch base without the leaf is not changed, and the length change of the section without the leaf of the secondary shoot is also one of indexes for judging whether the mango branch is floriated or not: the length of the primary tip and the base of the secondary tip of the four-season candied mango implemented at this time is not obviously changed;
(4) attitude of the blade: in the implementation, the observed postures of the minor leaves at the secondary tips are lifted before the minor leaves are unfolded, and the veins of the leaves are obvious before the leaves turn green, so that the petioles and the leaves are straight;
(5) the size of the blade is as follows: the length of the blade of the secondary tip is 9.3% shorter than that of the primary tip, the width of the blade of the secondary tip is about 10.9% narrower than that of the primary tip, and the distribution of the blade on the branch is that the change trend that the blade at the base gradually transits to the blade at the top is large is not obvious;
(6) length of the branch: the length of the secondary tip is slightly reduced than that of the primary tip, namely the length of the secondary tip is generally not different from that of the primary tip;
and (4) conclusion: in the implementation, only 2 indexes meeting the six indexes of the secondary shoot flowering are achieved, and 4 indexes are not achieved, so that the probability of the secondary shoot flowering in the cultivation is low. Therefore, at the middle and later stages of the secondary shoot elongation, a method of spraying trace paclobutrazol, ethephon and potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 2-3 times is adopted to carry out technical remedial measures to promote flower formation. Because the remediation is timely, the secondary shoots are just turned green, and the terminal buds are directly differentiated into flower buds without stopping growing, thereby avoiding influencing the needs of fruit growth after the flowering phase is too late.
In the method, whether the secondary shoots are flowering or not is judged according to the sequence of appearance of the characters.
In the case, as the pest control after orchard pruning is not well performed, the leaves of the tips at one time are damaged, the tendency of the flowers of the tips at the second time is abnormal, and 4 indexes for judging the flowers do not reach the standard. Through the adoption of technical remedial measures, although the flower formation is about 15 days later than the expectation, the flower formation is still driven to the later stage of the preset period of the flowering phase, and good effects are achieved: the percentage of the flower ears in the sampling survey of 8, 12 days is 40.4%, the flowering rate in the re-survey of 9, 8 days is 86.6%, and the flowering rate of the orchard plants is 100.0%. The yield is measured in 2019, 10 and 30 days, the average yield of the orchard is 1973.4 kg/mu, 80% of fruits are harvested before 11 months, and the rest fruits are difficult to physiologically mature due to lower temperature and less illumination after 12 months and can only be sold as wild raw material fruits.
Example 3
In 8 months in 2019, the method is adopted for judging the situation of secondary shoot flowering in the out-of-season cultivation of a 100-mu four-season Miscanthus orchard planted in Wanjiacun of county, county and county in Nanning City, the orchard is planted in 13 days in 3 months in 2014, the row spacing is 4.0m multiplied by 3.0m, and 55 plants are planted per mu.
Specifically, the method for judging whether the secondary tips of the out-of-season cultivated four-season miscanthus sinensis blossoms flower before the leaf-expanding period takes the judgment time as the earlier stage of the growth of the secondary tips after pruning, namely when branches start from the extending period to the final stage of leaf extending, the method is represented as follows:
(1) color of the leaf: if the secondary tips of the four-season candied miscanthus sinensis are not divided into flower buds, the branches are purple red or red from the beginning of leaf growth to the leaf expanding period of the leaves when the branches are extracted; if the branch is a flowering branch, the leaf of the secondary tip is beige from the beginning of leaf unfolding to the end of unfolding; in the case, the tip promoting and tip controlling and flower promoting measures after orchard pruning are implemented in place, so that the management level is high, and the leaves of the secondary tips are light yellow or beige before the initial extension period and the color turning period;
(2) number of blades: the number of the leaves at the secondary tip is increased by 19.8 percent (on average in investigation) compared with the number of the leaves at the primary tip or the non-flowering branch, and the average number of the leaves at the secondary tip is 13.7;
(3) length change of shoot leaf-free fragment: the length of a section of the mango branch base without the leaf is not changed, and the length change of the section without the leaf of the secondary shoot is also one of indexes for judging whether the mango branch is floriated or not: the length investigation result of the basal non-growing leaves of the primary tips and the secondary tips of the miscanthus sinensis in the current season of the orchard in the scheme is 1.7cm shorter than the average length of the primary tips;
(4) attitude of the blade: the postures of the leaflets of the secondary tips are lifted before the leaflets are unfolded, and the veins of the leaflets before turning green are obvious, so that the leaflets show straight petioles and straight leaves;
(5) the size of the blade is as follows: the length of the blade of the secondary tip is 14.5 percent shorter than that of the blade of the primary tip, and the width of the blade of the secondary tip is about 18.8 percent narrower than that of the blade of the primary tip; the distribution of the change of the leaves from large to small on the branches is that the leaves at the base gradually transition from large to small at the top;
(6) length of the branch: the length of the secondary tip is reduced by 20.3 percent compared with that of the primary tip, namely the secondary tip is generally slightly shorter than the primary tip;
in the implementation case, the six indexes meeting the secondary shoot flower formation are all reached.
In the method, whether the secondary shoots are flowering or not is judged according to the sequence of appearance of the characters.
As a result: the percentage of the flower spikes at 8 months and 16 days is 80.3 percent, the flowering rate reaches 90.6 percent when the investigation is carried out at 9 months and 6 days, and the flowering rate of the orchard plants is 100.0 percent. The yield is measured in 2019, 10 and 30 days, the average yield of the orchard is 1474.0 kg/mu, more than 90% of fruits are harvested before 11 months, and the rest fruits are sold as wild raw material fruits (because the out-of-season cultivation flowering phase of the four season meadow is longer, the small part is bloomed after 9 months, and the ripening is later).
The method can ensure that the secondary tips are in a preset time period for flowering and the flowering period, because the judgment of whether the secondary tips are in flowering is established before the leaves are unfolded, if the secondary tips are not in flowering, flower promoting measures are taken for the secondary tips from the establishment of the judgment, and the secondary tips are interfered by the flower promoting measures during the period from leaf unfolding to green turning, so that the transformation from leaf buds to flower buds is completed (the tip control flower promoting measures are already taken before the secondary tips, the secondary tips can flower under normal conditions, namely the secondary tips are in the process of flowering, and the phenomenon that the secondary tips do not flower is shown as the condition that the tree vigor is slightly vigorous because of various comprehensive factors in the current year, such as overweight pruning, improper fertilization and the like, or branches are grown vigorously because of less rainwater, too much illumination and the like).
The method aims to avoid the problem that the flowering phase is too late due to the fact that secondary shoots do not flower, and meet the temperature, illumination and heat required by fruit growth as far as possible, so that the quality and the sale price of the fruits can be improved. The secondary shoots can be ensured to flower after early judgment, the flowering period of the four-season miscanthus sinensis can be about 8 months bottom after out-of-season cultivation according to a preset time period, and the growing period of the flowering fruits has enough illumination and temperature to meet the requirement of the fruits for growing to be mature, so that the phenomenon that the fruits are not mature before low-temperature rainy days (12 months) is avoided, the flavor and the appearance quality of the fruits are ensured, and the economic benefit of the orchard is improved.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. The method for judging whether the secondary tips of the out-of-season cultivated four-season miscanthus sinensis grow into flowers before the leaf-expanding period is characterized in that the judging time is the earlier stage of the growth of the secondary tips after trimming, namely when branches are in the middle extension period and the end extension period of leaves, the method comprises the following operation steps:
(1) color of the leaf: if the secondary tips of the four-season candied miscanthus sinensis are not divided into flower buds, the branches are purple red or red from the beginning of leaf growth to the leaf expanding period of the leaves when the branches are extracted; if the branch is a flowering branch, the leaf of the secondary tip is beige from the beginning of leaf unfolding to the end of unfolding; the index that the flower formation trend is judged to be from weak → strong is the degree of the color of the leaves in the growing period from purple red → beige, if the secondary tips of the whole orchard are all represented as beige before the end period of leaf expansion, the possibility that the secondary tips of the orchard have good flower formation can be judged;
(2) number of blades: the number of the secondary tip blades is increased by 16.0-21.0% compared with the number of the primary tip blades, and the number of the secondary tip blades is more than or equal to 13, so that the flower formation is good;
(3) length change of shoot leaf-free fragment: the basal part of the mango branch has a section of length without the leaf; the length change of the secondary tip section without the growing leaf is also one of the indexes for judging whether the secondary tip section grows flowers: the method has the advantages that the length of the leafless branch for flowering is short, the length of the leafless branch for flowering is long, the length is relative, the comparison between the primary tip and the secondary tip in season is mainly adopted, and the length of the secondary tip for flowering is 1-2cm shorter than that of the primary tip;
(4) attitude of the blade: the posture of the lobules at the secondary tips is lifted before the lobules are unfolded, the petioles and the blades are in a straight state, and the veins of the blades are obvious before the blades turn green, so that the flowers are well formed;
(5) the size of the blade is as follows: the length of the blade of the secondary tip is 14.0-18.0% shorter than that of the primary tip, the width of the blade is 16.0-21.0% narrower than that of the primary tip, and the distribution of the blade on the branch is changed from large to small, namely the blade at the base is larger and gradually transits to smaller blade at the top, thus indicating that the flower formation is good;
(6) length of the branch: the length of the flower-forming secondary tip is reduced by 18.0-28.0% compared with the length of the primary tip, namely the secondary tip is generally shorter than the primary tip;
in the 6 indexes, if the number of the flowers reaches the standard of more than or equal to 4, the secondary shoot flowering rate is considered to be high, and the production requirement is met; if the number of the secondary shoots is less than 4, the secondary shoots are considered to have too low flowering rate and not meet the production requirements, and measures are required to be taken for remediation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the method judges the performance of each character of the secondary shoot flowering and judges according to the sequence of the appearance of each character.
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| CN112903677A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-04 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for rapidly detecting grape flower buds |
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